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M)8(o)-3(d)-3(elling)-3( )6(rura)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0575 Tw 23.0838 0 Td [(l resid)-5(e)-1(n)-5(tial settle)-7(m)9(e)-1(n)-5(t p)-5(a)-1(tterns with)-5( cellu)-5(lar au)-5(to)-5(m)9(a)-1(ta,)-10( )]TJ /TT3 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc -0.0006 Tw -23.0838 -1.1497 Td [(Jou)5(r)2(n)5(a)-1(l)5( )6(of)5( Env)9(i)5(ron)5(me)9(n)-1(t)5(a)-1(l)5( M)9(a)5(na)5(ge)9(ment)]TJ /TT0 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 15.7784 0 Td [(, )-6( v)-5(.)-3( 37)-5(, p)-5(.)3( )-6(147)-5(-16)-5(0)1(, 1)-5(993)-5(. )]TJ 0.0017 Tc 0.0357 Tw -15.7784 -1.5449 Td [(Fi)4(sher)5(, M)5(. M)5(.;)10( Ab)5(ra)8(hart)4(, R)4(. J)8(. Ne)8(ur)5(oc)8(om)13(put)4(i)4(ng \226)5( t)4(o)5(ol)4(s f)5(o)-1(r )6(geo)5(g)5(r)-1(ap)5(her)5(s)2(. I)5(n)-1(:)4( O)5(p)-1(en)5(sha)8(w)-1(, )6(S.;)4( A)5(b)-1(ra)8(hart)4(, R)10(. J. \(e)8(ds)8(\))5(,)6( )]TJ /TT3 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(G)-5(e)-2(o)-6(c)4(om)-5(pu)-6(ta)-6(ti)6(o)-6(n)]TJ /TT0 1 Tf -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw 6.6527 0 Td [(, )6(N)-5(e)-2(w Yo)-5(rk)-5(:)6( Taylo)-5(r)-5( )6(& Fr)-5(ancis, ch)-5(ap)-5(.8)-5(, p. )6(1)-5(87-)-5(217)-5(, )6(20)-5(00)-5(. )]TJ -0.0013 Tc 0.0028 Tw -6.6527 -1.5449 Td [(Gong)-4(, P. In)-4(tegrated)-4( an)-4(alysis o)-4(f)-4( sp)-4(atial d)-4(a)-1(ta )-6(fro)-4(m)10( )-6(m)10(u)-10(ltip)]TJ -0.0016 Tc 0.0031 Tw 22.2096 0 Td [(le )-6(so)-5(urces: u)-5(s)-2(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( )6(ev)-5(id)-5(en)-5(tial reaso)-5(n)-5(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( an)-5(d)-5( artificial n)-5(e)-1(u)-5(r)-4(al)7( )]TJ 0.0019 Tc 0.0774 Tw -22.2096 -1.1497 Td [(net)4(w)6(or)6(k t)4(ech)5(ni)10(que)9(s f)6(o)-1(r )6(ge)9(ol)4(o)5(g)-1(i)4(cal)4( m)13(a)3(ppi)4(ng,)6( )]TJ /TT3 1 Tf 0.0012 Tc 0.0722 Tw 18.2455 0 Td [(Ph)4(ot)4(o)4(g)-2(ra)4(m)5(m)-1(e)8(t)4(ri)4(c )-6(Engi)10(neeri)4(ng a)4(nd Rem)5(o)-2(t)10(e)2( )-6(Sen)4(s)1(i)4(n)4(g)]TJ /TT0 1 Tf 0.002 Tc 0.0714 Tw 20.8862 0 Td [(, v. 6)5(2)-1(, p. 51)5(3)5(-)]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.003 Tw -39.1317 -1.1437 Td [(5)-4(2)2(3)-4(,)3( 199)-4(6. )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0.0087 Tw 0 -1.5509 TD [(Li, X.; )6(Yeh)-4(,)-3( )6(A. G. Calibration o)-4(f)3( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata b)-4(y)2( u)-4(s)]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0.0054 Tw 22.6527 0 Td [(i)5(n)-1(g)5( ne)9(ural)5( )6(net)5(w)6(or)6(ks )6(fo)5(r t)5(h)-1(e)9( si)5(m)14(u)-7(l)5(a)3(t)5(i)5(on o)5(f c)9(o)-1(m)14(p)-1(lex )6(ur)6(ban)11( )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0 Tw -22.6527 -1.1437 Td [(syste)-6(m)11(s, )]TJ /TT3 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0063 Tw 3.6587 0 Td [(Envi)4(r)8(o)-1(n)5(m)-1(e)9(n)-1(t)4(a)-1(l)4( an)5(d Pl)4(an)5(ni)4(n)5(g)-1( )-6(A)]TJ /TT0 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 12.4491 0 Td [(, v)-5(.)-3( 3)-5(3)1(, p)-5(.)-3( 14)-5(45-)-4(146)-5(2, 2)-5(001)-5(. )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0492 Tw -16.1078 -1.5509 Td [(Li, X.; )6(Ye)7(h, )6(A. G. Ne)7(ural-net)9(work-base)7(d)-3( cellular aut)9(o)-3(m)12(a)]TJ 0.0018 Tc 0.0476 Tw 23.1737 0 Td [(t)4(a)3( )-6(fo)5(r si)4(m)13(u)-1(l)4(a)3(t)4(i)4(ng m)13(u)-1(lt)4(i)4(p)-1(l)4(e)3( l)4(a)3(nd )6(use c)9(h)-1(an)5(ges )6(us)8(i)4(ng )6(GI)6(S)7(,)6( )]TJ /TT3 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0039 Tw -23.1737 -1.1437 Td [(In)-5(tern)-5(a)-5(tiona)-5(l Jo)-5(u)-5(r)4(na)-5(l )6(o)-5(f Geogra)-5(p)1(h)-5(ica)-5(l In)-5(fo)-5(rma)-5(tion)-5( )6(S)-5(c)-2(ience)]TJ /TT0 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc -0.003 Tw 23.7485 0 Td [(, )-6(v. 1)-4(6)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 32)-4(3-3)-4(4)2(3)-4(,)3( )-6(200)-4(2. )]TJ -0.0009 Tc 0.0144 Tw -23.7485 -1.5509 Td [(Pap)-4(i)2(n)-4(i)2(, L.; Rabin)-4(o)-4(,)-2( )6(G. A.; Co)-4(lo)-4(nn)-4(a, )6(A.; Di Stefano)-4(,)-2( )6(V.; Lo)]TJ -0.0008 Tc 23.479 0 Td [(m)11(b)-4(ardo)-4(, S. Learn)-4(i)2(ng)-4( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(to)-4(m)11(ata in)-4( a re)-6(al wo)-4(rl)8(d)-4(:)2( )]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.0988 Tw -23.479 -1.1437 Td [(th)-4(e case stud)-4(y)8( o)-4(f)-4( t)7(h)-4(e Ro)-4(m)10(e)-1( metro)-4(p)2(o)-4(litan)-4( area. In)-4(: Band)-4(i)7(n)-4(i,)]TJ -0.0007 Tc 0.098 Tw 24.1856 0 Td [( S.; Serra, )6(R; Liv)-4(eran)-4(i)2(, )6(F. S. ed. Cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)8(o)-4(m)11(ata)-6(:)-4( )]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.1152 Tw -24.1856 -1.1497 Td [(researc)7(h)-3( t)9(o)-3(wa)7(rds industry. )]TJ /TT3 1 Tf -0.004 Tc 0 Tw 11.0958 0 Td [(ACR)-4(I)-6(\2649)-7(6)]TJ /TT0 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.1168 Tw 3.5509 0 Td [(: )6(Pro)-4(c)-1(eed)-4(i)1(ng)-4(s )6(o)-4(f)2( th)-4(e )6(Th)-4(ird)-4( C)7(o)-4(nferen)-4(ce )6(o)-4(n)2( Cellu)-4(lar Au)-4(to)-4(m)10(a)-1(ta for Research )]TJ -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw -14.6467 -1.1497 Td [(an)-5(d Ind)-5(u)-5(s)-3(t)6(r)-5(y, Lo)-5(ndo)-5(n)-5(: )6(Spr)-5(ing)-5(er)-5(-V)-5(er)-5(lag)-5(,)-4( )6(p)-5(.)2( 165)-5(-18)-5(3)1(, )6(1)-5(998)-5(. )]TJ -0.0009 Tc 0.0263 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Po)-4(rt)8(ug)-4(ali, J.; Ben)-4(enson)-4(, )6(I.; Omer, I. City: th)]TJ 0.0012 Tc 0.0242 Tw 17.6766 0 Td [(e gree)8(ns a)8(nd t)10(h)4(e bl)4(ues. )6(I)5(n)-2(:)4( Po)4(r)5(t)4(ugal)4(i)4(, J. e)8(d)-2(. )]TJ /TT3 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc 0.0233 Tw 17.3892 0 Td [(Se)9(l)5(f)5(-org)5(a)5(n)-1(i)5(z)2(at)5(i)5(o)5(n)5( an)5(d t)5(h)-1(e )]TJ -0.002 Tc 0 Tw -35.0659 -1.1497 Td (city)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 0.0001 Tc 0.0014 Tw 1.4371 0 Td [(, Berlin: S)5(p)3(ringer)4(-Ve)7(r)-2(lag,)5( )6(chap.5, )6(1999. )]TJ -0.0004 Tc 0.0258 Tw -1.4371 -1.6467 Td [(Ru)-3(m)11(elh)-3(art, D. )6(E.; Hin)-3(t)8(o)-3(n)3(, G. )6(E.; )6(W)-9(illia)-6(m)11(s, )-6(R. J. L)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0275 Tw 20.2575 0 Td [(earn)-5(ing)-5( )6(represen)-5(tatio)-5(n)-5(s)4( b)-5(y)1( b)-5(a)-1(ck)-5(-p)-5(rop)-5(a)5(g)-5(a)-1(tio)-5(n)-5( errors, )]TJ /TT3 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 20.9641 0 Td [(Na)-4(tu)-4(re)]TJ /TT0 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc 0.0172 Tw 2.7784 0 Td [(, v.)7( )]TJ -0.002 Tc -0.0025 Tw -44 -1.1437 Td [(3)-5(2)1(3)-5(,)3( )-6(p. 5)-5(33-)-4(536)-5(, 19)-5(86)-5( )]TJ 0.0016 Tc 0.3472 Tw T* [(Whi)4(t)4(e)2(, R)4(. )6(W.)6(;)4( Engel)4(e)2(n)5(, G.)6( C)4(e)2(l)4(l)4(u)-1(l)4(a)2(r aut)4(o)-1(m)13(a)2(t)4(on as t)4(h)-1(e basi)4(s of i)4(n)-1(t)10(e)2(grat)4(e)8(d)-1( dy)5(na)8(m)7(i)4(c regi)4(onal)4( m)13(odel)4(l)4(i)4(ng,)6( )]TJ /TT3 1 Tf -0.0021 Tc 0.0036 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(En)-5(vironm)-4(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plann)-5(ing)-5( )6(B)]TJ /TT0 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw 12.4491 0 Td [(, v)-4(.)3(2)-4(4)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 23)-4(5-)-4(246)-4(, 19)-4(97)-4(. )]TJ -0.0011 Tc 0.0026 Tw -12.4491 -1.5449 Td [(Wo)-4(l)7(fram)10(,)-3( S. )6(Un)-4(iv)-4(ersality an)-4(d co)-4(m)10(p)-4(lex)-4(ity in)-4( )6(cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(mata, )]TJ /TT3 1 Tf -0.0004 Tc 0 Tw 25.1916 0 Td [(Physic)6(a)]TJ /TT0 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc -0.0018 Tw 3.1617 0 Td [(, )-6(v. )-6(10)-6(D, p)-6(.)-4( 1)-6(-)1(35)-6(, 1)-6(984)-6(. )]TJ -0.0013 Tc 0.0747 Tw -28.3533 -1.6467 Td [(Wu, )6(F. )6(A li)7(n)-4(g)2(u)-4(i)1(stic cellu)-4(lar )6(au)-4(to)-4(m)10(a)-1(ta si)-5(m)10(u)-4(latio)-4(n)-4( ap)-4(proach)]TJ 0.0018 Tc 0.0716 Tw 23.6946 0 Td [( )6(fo)5(r s)8(u)-1(st)4(ai)4(na)9(b)5(l)4(e ur)6(ba)9(n )6(de)9(vel)4(opm)13(ent)4( i)4(n)-1( a)9( fa)9(st)4( g)5(ro)5(w)-1(i)4(n)5(g)5( )]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0 Tw -23.6946 -1.1497 Td [(regi)11(on)5(, )]TJ /TT3 1 Tf 0.0012 Tc 0.0003 Tw 3.0539 0 Td [(C)4(o)4(m)5(p)-2(u)4(t)4(ers, E)7(n)-2(vi)4(ro)4(nm)5(ent)4( a)4(n)4(d)-2( )6(Ur)7(ba)4(n )6(Syst)4(ems)]TJ /TT0 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0068 Tw 18.0479 0 Td [(, v. 2)5(0)-1(,)7( )-6(p.)7( )-6(3)5(6)5(7)-1(-)6(3)5(87)5(, 19)5(96)5(. )]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0.2629 Tw -21.1018 -1.6467 Td [(Wu)5(, F.;)5( )6(We)9(bs)8(t)5(e)3(r, C)4(.)1( J.)7( Si)5(m)8(u)-1(l)5(a)3(t)5(i)5(on )6(of)6( l)5(a)3(n)5(d)-1( de)9(vel)11(opm)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.2671 Tw 22.8743 0 Td [(en)-5(t th)-5(roug)-5(h)-5( t)6(h)-5(e in)-5(teg)-5(r)-4(ation)-5( )6(of cellu)-5(lar au)-5(tomata an)-5(d)-5( )]TJ -0.0011 Tc 0.0026 Tw -22.8743 -1.1497 Td [(m)10(u)-4(l)-5(ticriteria ev)-4(alu)-4(atio)-4(n)-4(,)]TJ /TT3 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0063 Tw 9.5928 0 Td [( )-6(E)8(n)-1(vi)4(r)8(o)-1(n)5(m)-1(e)9(n)-1(t)4(a)-1(l)4( an)5(d Pl)4(an)5(ni)4(n)5(g)-1( )-6(B)]TJ /TT0 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0068 Tw 12.6946 0 Td [(, v.)7(25)5(, p. 1)5(0)-1(3)5(-)6(12)5(6,)7( )-6(1)5(9)-1(9)5(8)-1(. )]TJ -0.001 Tc 0.0264 Tw -22.2874 -1.5449 Td [(Yeh, A. )6(G.; Li, X. )6(Sim)10(u)-4(lat)-5(i)1(o)-4(n)2( o)-4(f)3( d)-4(e)6(v)-4(elop)-4(m)10(e)-6(n)-4(t altern)-4(ativ)]TJ -0.0009 Tc 22.5749 0 Td [(es )6(u)-4(s)-1(ing)-4( )6(n)-4(eural network)-4(s)5(, cellu)-4(l)8(ar au)-4(t)8(o)-4(m)11(ata, a)-6(n)-4(d GIS )6(for )]TJ 0.0024 Tc -0.0069 Tw -22.5749 -1.1497 Td [(ur)6(ba)9(n pl)5(an)5(ni)5(n)5(g)5(,)1( )]TJ /TT3 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0003 Tw 6.515 0 Td [(P)8(hot)10(ogr)8(a)5(m)-1(m)5(e)3(t)4(r)2(i)4(c)3( Engi)10(neeri)10(n)-1(g)5( a)5(n)5(d)-1( Re)9(m)5(o)-1(t)4(e)3( Se)9(nsi)4(n)5(g)]TJ /TT0 1 Tf -0.0022 Tc 0.0037 Tw 20.5689 0 Td [(, v. )6(6)-5(9)1(, p)-5(.)2( 104)-5(3-1)-5(052)-5(, )6(2)-5(003)-5(. )]TJ ET endstream endobj 287 0 obj 12765 endobj 288 0 obj << /Length 289 0 R >> stream /CS0 cs 0 0 0 sc 1 i /RelativeColorimetric ri /GS0 gs BT /TT0 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0294 Tw 12 0 0 12 106.38 731.7203 Tm [(The land us)5(e change simulations w)8(e)-1(re accom)8(p)1(lished by tw)8(o types of stochastic tran)6(sition )]TJ -0.0002 Tc 0.2502 Tw -1.775 -1.15 Td [(algorithm)8(s)-1( \226 \223expander\224 and \223patcher\224 \226 wh)]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.2479 Tw 19.315 0 Td (ich operate changes through expansion and )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1232 Tw -19.315 -1.15 Td [(diffusion, respectively. These sim)8(u)1(lations were )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.1244 Tw 19.76 0 Td (validated according to)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1195 Tw 9.145 0 Td [( a )-10(m)8(u)1(ltiple resolution)6( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.1646 Tw -28.905 -1.15 Td [(fitting m)8(e)-1(thod \(Constan)5(za, 1989\), and the va)]TJ 0.1638 Tw 18.875 0 Td [(lu)5(es obtained for windows 3x3, 5x5 and 9x9)5( )]TJ 0.0296 Tw -18.875 -1.15 Td (were 0.862682, 0.864872, and 0.864644, respectively for S1, S2, and S3. \ It is observable that )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1095 Tw 0 -1.15 TD [(the land use transitions com)8(p)1(ly with econom)]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.1105 Tw 18.55 0 Td (ic theories of urban growth and change)Tj /TT1 1 Tf 0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 503.04 662.7203 Tm (, )Tj /TT0 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 12 0 0 12 509.4 662.7203 Tm (which )Tj 0.0007 Tc 0.0003 Tw -35.36 -1.15 Td [(m)9(axi)-6(m)9(i)-1(ze consum)9(ers\264 and m)9(arkets\264 utilities in)]TJ 0.001 Tc -0.0017 Tw 18.53 0 Td [( te)5(rm)9(s of real s)5(t)-1(ate p)6(r)-1(ic)5(es a)5(nd access)5(i)-1(bility. )]TJ /TT1 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw -18.53 -2.16 Td (7.)Tj /TT2 1 Tf 0.75 0 Td ( )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 0.75 0 Td (Conclusions )Tj /TT0 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0024 Tw -1.5 -1.64 Td (Cities are open and non-linear co)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.0045 Tw 13.27 0 Td [(m)8(p)1(lex system)8(s. ANN though proved )]TJ 0.0009 Tc 0.0007 Tw 14.91 0 Td (to have the cap)Tj 0.0007 Tc -0.0007 Tw 6.03 0 Td (ability to )Tj 0.0002 Tc 0.1298 Tw -34.21 -1.15 Td (model non-linear features and handle well the )Tj 0.0001 Tc 19.49 0 Td [(uncertainties of spatial data. ANN h)-5(a)-1(ve two )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.0185 Tw -19.49 -1.15 Td [(m)8(a)-1(in disadvantages: they are black-box devises and )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0198 Tw 21.115 0 Td [(the user\264s intervention is still decisive for)-7( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.0896 Tw -21.115 -1.15 Td (the results quality. Further studies are needed )Tj 0.0897 Tw 19.025 0 Td (to assess the responsiveness of the simulation )Tj 0.0005 Tc -0.0011 Tw -19.025 -1.15 Td [(outputs in)6( face of changes in the type,)6( structur)]TJ 0.0007 Tc -0.0023 Tw 18.47 0 Td [(e an)6(d internal param)9(ete)]TJ 0.0004 Tc -0.0004 Tw 9.35 0 Td [(rs of the network.)5( )]TJ /TT1 1 Tf 0.0007 Tc 0 Tw -27.82 -2.16 Td [(References)5( )]TJ /TT0 1 Tf -0.0011 Tc 0.0146 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 504.3803 Tm [(Batty, M; Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, H.; Eichen)-4(, M. Urban)-4( )6(syste)-6(m)10(s as cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata,)]TJ /TT3 1 Tf -0.0022 Tc 0.0157 Tw 29 0 Td [( E)-8(n)-5(vironm)-5(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plan)-5(n)-5(i)6(ng)-5( B)]TJ /TT0 1 Tf 0.0025 Tc 0.011 Tw 12.7605 0 Td [(,)7( v.)7(2)6(4, )6(p.)13( )]TJ -0.0026 Tc -0.0019 Tw -41.7605 -1.1497 Td [(1)-6(59-)-5(164)-6(, 19)-6(97)-6(. )]TJ -0.0018 Tc 0.0811 Tw 0 -1.6467 TD [(Co)-5(n)-5(s)-2(tan)-5(za, R. )6(Mo)-5(d)-5(e)-1(l goo)-5(dn)-5(ess o)-5(f)-4( fit: a )-6(m)10(u)-5(ltip)-5(le reso)-5(lu)-5(tion p)-5(r)2(o)-5(cedu)-5(r)-4(e, )]TJ /TT3 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0817 Tw 28.9461 0 Td [(Eco)-5(log)-5(ica)-5(l Mod)-5(e)4(llin)-5(g)]TJ /TT0 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.0749 Tw 8.7545 0 Td [(, )-6(v)-4(.)3(47)-4(, p)-4(.)-3( 1)-4(99-)-4(215)-4(,)-9( )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0 Tw -37.7006 -1.1437 Td [(1)-4(989)-4(. )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0.062 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, )6(H. )6(Cellu)-4(lar wo)-4(rl)8(ds: a fram)11(ewo)-4(rk for m)11(o)-4(d)-4(ellin)-4(g micro)-4(-)-3(m)11(acro)-4( )6(d)-4(y)2(n)-4(am)11(i)2(cs, )]TJ /TT3 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0.0641 Tw 33.5569 0 Td [(En)-6(viro)-6(nm)-5(en)-6(ta)-6(l and)-6( Plann)-6(ing)-6( )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw -33.5569 -1.1497 Td (A)Tj /TT0 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw 0.6108 0 Td [(, v)-4(.)3(1)-4(7)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 58)-4(5-)-4(596)-4(, 19)-4(85)-4(. )]TJ -0.0005 Tc 0.0559 Tw -0.6108 -1.6467 Td [(Dead)-3(m)11(an)-3(,)-2( P.; )6(Brown, R. )6(D.; )6(Gim)11(b)-3(let)-4(t)2(, P. M)8(o)-3(d)-3(elling)-3( )6(rura)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0575 Tw 23.0838 0 Td [(l resid)-5(e)-1(n)-5(tial settle)-7(m)9(e)-1(n)-5(t p)-5(a)-1(tterns with)-5( cellu)-5(lar au)-5(to)-5(m)9(a)-1(ta,)-10( )]TJ /TT3 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc -0.0006 Tw -23.0838 -1.1497 Td [(Jou)5(r)2(n)5(a)-1(l)5( )6(of)5( Env)9(i)5(ron)5(me)9(n)-1(t)5(a)-1(l)5( M)9(a)5(na)5(ge)9(ment)]TJ /TT0 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 15.7784 0 Td [(, )-6( v)-5(.)-3( 37)-5(, p)-5(.)3( )-6(147)-5(-16)-5(0)1(, 1)-5(993)-5(. )]TJ 0.0017 Tc 0.0357 Tw -15.7784 -1.5449 Td [(Fi)4(sher)5(, M)5(. M)5(.;)10( Ab)5(ra)8(hart)4(, R)4(. J)8(. Ne)8(ur)5(oc)8(om)13(put)4(i)4(ng \226)5( t)4(o)5(ol)4(s f)5(o)-1(r )6(geo)5(g)5(r)-1(ap)5(her)5(s)2(. I)5(n)-1(:)4( O)5(p)-1(en)5(sha)8(w)-1(, )6(S.;)4( A)5(b)-1(ra)8(hart)4(, R)10(. J. \(e)8(ds)8(\))5(,)6( )]TJ /TT3 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(G)-5(e)-2(o)-6(c)4(om)-5(pu)-6(ta)-6(ti)6(o)-6(n)]TJ /TT0 1 Tf -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw 6.6527 0 Td [(, )6(N)-5(e)-2(w Yo)-5(rk)-5(:)6( Taylo)-5(r)-5( )6(& Fr)-5(ancis, ch)-5(ap)-5(.8)-5(, p. )6(1)-5(87-)-5(217)-5(, )6(20)-5(00)-5(. )]TJ -0.0013 Tc 0.0028 Tw -6.6527 -1.5449 Td [(Gong)-4(, P. In)-4(tegrated)-4( an)-4(alysis o)-4(f)-4( sp)-4(atial d)-4(a)-1(ta )-6(fro)-4(m)10( )-6(m)10(u)-10(ltip)]TJ -0.0016 Tc 0.0031 Tw 22.2096 0 Td [(le )-6(so)-5(urces: u)-5(s)-2(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( )6(ev)-5(id)-5(en)-5(tial reaso)-5(n)-5(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( an)-5(d)-5( artificial n)-5(e)-1(u)-5(r)-4(al)7( )]TJ 0.0019 Tc 0.0774 Tw -22.2096 -1.1497 Td [(net)4(w)6(or)6(k t)4(ech)5(ni)10(que)9(s f)6(o)-1(r )6(ge)9(ol)4(o)5(g)-1(i)4(cal)4( m)13(a)3(ppi)4(ng,)6( )]TJ /TT3 1 Tf 0.0012 Tc 0.0722 Tw 18.2455 0 Td [(Ph)4(ot)4(o)4(g)-2(ra)4(m)5(m)-1(e)8(t)4(ri)4(c )-6(Engi)10(neeri)4(ng a)4(nd Rem)5(o)-2(t)10(e)2( )-6(Sen)4(s)1(i)4(n)4(g)]TJ /TT0 1 Tf 0.002 Tc 0.0714 Tw 20.8862 0 Td [(, v. 6)5(2)-1(, p. 51)5(3)5(-)]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.003 Tw -39.1317 -1.1437 Td [(5)-4(2)2(3)-4(,)3( 199)-4(6. )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0.0087 Tw 0 -1.5509 TD [(Li, X.; )6(Yeh)-4(,)-3( )6(A. G. Calibration o)-4(f)3( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata b)-4(y)2( u)-4(s)]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0.0054 Tw 22.6527 0 Td [(i)5(n)-1(g)5( ne)9(ural)5( )6(net)5(w)6(or)6(ks )6(fo)5(r t)5(h)-1(e)9( si)5(m)14(u)-7(l)5(a)3(t)5(i)5(on o)5(f c)9(o)-1(m)14(p)-1(lex )6(ur)6(ban)11( )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0 Tw -22.6527 -1.1437 Td [(syste)-6(m)11(s, )]TJ /TT3 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0063 Tw 3.6587 0 Td [(Envi)4(r)8(o)-1(n)5(m)-1(e)9(n)-1(t)4(a)-1(l)4( an)5(d Pl)4(an)5(ni)4(n)5(g)-1( )-6(A)]TJ /TT0 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 12.4491 0 Td [(, v)-5(.)-3( 3)-5(3)1(, p)-5(.)-3( 14)-5(45-)-4(146)-5(2, 2)-5(001)-5(. )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0492 Tw -16.1078 -1.5509 Td [(Li, X.; )6(Ye)7(h, )6(A. G. Ne)7(ural-net)9(work-base)7(d)-3( cellular aut)9(o)-3(m)12(a)]TJ 0.0018 Tc 0.0476 Tw 23.1737 0 Td [(t)4(a)3( )-6(fo)5(r si)4(m)13(u)-1(l)4(a)3(t)4(i)4(ng m)13(u)-1(lt)4(i)4(p)-1(l)4(e)3( l)4(a)3(nd )6(use c)9(h)-1(an)5(ges )6(us)8(i)4(ng )6(GI)6(S)7(,)6( )]TJ /TT3 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0039 Tw -23.1737 -1.1437 Td [(In)-5(tern)-5(a)-5(tiona)-5(l Jo)-5(u)-5(r)4(na)-5(l )6(o)-5(f Geogra)-5(p)1(h)-5(ica)-5(l In)-5(fo)-5(rma)-5(tion)-5( )6(S)-5(c)-2(ience)]TJ /TT0 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc -0.003 Tw 23.7485 0 Td [(, )-6(v. 1)-4(6)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 32)-4(3-3)-4(4)2(3)-4(,)3( )-6(200)-4(2. )]TJ -0.0009 Tc 0.0144 Tw -23.7485 -1.5509 Td [(Pap)-4(i)2(n)-4(i)2(, L.; Rabin)-4(o)-4(,)-2( )6(G. A.; Co)-4(lo)-4(nn)-4(a, )6(A.; Di Stefano)-4(,)-2( )6(V.; Lo)]TJ -0.0008 Tc 23.479 0 Td [(m)11(b)-4(ardo)-4(, S. Learn)-4(i)2(ng)-4( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(to)-4(m)11(ata in)-4( a re)-6(al wo)-4(rl)8(d)-4(:)2( )]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.0988 Tw -23.479 -1.1437 Td [(th)-4(e case stud)-4(y)8( o)-4(f)-4( t)7(h)-4(e Ro)-4(m)10(e)-1( metro)-4(p)2(o)-4(litan)-4( area. In)-4(: Band)-4(i)7(n)-4(i,)]TJ -0.0007 Tc 0.098 Tw 24.1856 0 Td [( S.; Serra, )6(R; Liv)-4(eran)-4(i)2(, )6(F. S. ed. Cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)8(o)-4(m)11(ata)-6(:)-4( )]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.1152 Tw -24.1856 -1.1497 Td [(researc)7(h)-3( t)9(o)-3(wa)7(rds industry. )]TJ /TT3 1 Tf -0.004 Tc 0 Tw 11.0958 0 Td [(ACR)-4(I)-6(\2649)-7(6)]TJ /TT0 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.1168 Tw 3.5509 0 Td [(: )6(Pro)-4(c)-1(eed)-4(i)1(ng)-4(s )6(o)-4(f)2( th)-4(e )6(Th)-4(ird)-4( C)7(o)-4(nferen)-4(ce )6(o)-4(n)2( Cellu)-4(lar Au)-4(to)-4(m)10(a)-1(ta for Research )]TJ -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw -14.6467 -1.1497 Td [(an)-5(d Ind)-5(u)-5(s)-3(t)6(r)-5(y, Lo)-5(ndo)-5(n)-5(: )6(Spr)-5(ing)-5(er)-5(-V)-5(er)-5(lag)-5(,)-4( )6(p)-5(.)2( 165)-5(-18)-5(3)1(, )6(1)-5(998)-5(. )]TJ -0.0009 Tc 0.0263 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Po)-4(rt)8(ug)-4(ali, J.; Ben)-4(enson)-4(, )6(I.; Omer, I. City: th)]TJ 0.0012 Tc 0.0242 Tw 17.6766 0 Td [(e gree)8(ns a)8(nd t)10(h)4(e bl)4(ues. )6(I)5(n)-2(:)4( Po)4(r)5(t)4(ugal)4(i)4(, J. e)8(d)-2(. )]TJ /TT3 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc 0.0233 Tw 17.3892 0 Td [(Se)9(l)5(f)5(-org)5(a)5(n)-1(i)5(z)2(at)5(i)5(o)5(n)5( an)5(d t)5(h)-1(e )]TJ -0.002 Tc 0 Tw -35.0659 -1.1497 Td (city)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 0.0001 Tc 0.0014 Tw 1.4371 0 Td [(, Berlin: S)5(p)3(ringer)4(-Ve)7(r)-2(lag,)5( )6(chap.5, )6(1999. )]TJ -0.0004 Tc 0.0258 Tw -1.4371 -1.6467 Td [(Ru)-3(m)11(elh)-3(art, D. )6(E.; Hin)-3(t)8(o)-3(n)3(, G. )6(E.; )6(W)-9(illia)-6(m)11(s, )-6(R. J. L)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0275 Tw 20.2575 0 Td [(earn)-5(ing)-5( )6(represen)-5(tatio)-5(n)-5(s)4( b)-5(y)1( b)-5(a)-1(ck)-5(-p)-5(rop)-5(a)5(g)-5(a)-1(tio)-5(n)-5( errors, )]TJ /TT3 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 20.9641 0 Td [(Na)-4(tu)-4(re)]TJ /TT0 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc 0.0172 Tw 2.7784 0 Td [(, v.)7( )]TJ -0.002 Tc -0.0025 Tw -44 -1.1437 Td [(3)-5(2)1(3)-5(,)3( )-6(p. 5)-5(33-)-4(536)-5(, 19)-5(86)-5( )]TJ 0.0016 Tc 0.3472 Tw T* [(Whi)4(t)4(e)2(, R)4(. )6(W.)6(;)4( Engel)4(e)2(n)5(, G.)6( C)4(e)2(l)4(l)4(u)-1(l)4(a)2(r aut)4(o)-1(m)13(a)2(t)4(on as t)4(h)-1(e basi)4(s of i)4(n)-1(t)10(e)2(grat)4(e)8(d)-1( dy)5(na)8(m)7(i)4(c regi)4(onal)4( m)13(odel)4(l)4(i)4(ng,)6( )]TJ /TT3 1 Tf -0.0021 Tc 0.0036 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(En)-5(vironm)-4(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plann)-5(ing)-5( )6(B)]TJ /TT0 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw 12.4491 0 Td [(, v)-4(.)3(2)-4(4)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 23)-4(5-)-4(246)-4(, 19)-4(97)-4(. )]TJ -0.0011 Tc 0.0026 Tw -12.4491 -1.5449 Td [(Wo)-4(l)7(fram)10(,)-3( S. )6(Un)-4(iv)-4(ersality an)-4(d co)-4(m)10(p)-4(lex)-4(ity in)-4( )6(cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(mata, )]TJ /TT3 1 Tf -0.0004 Tc 0 Tw 25.1916 0 Td [(Physic)6(a)]TJ /TT0 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc -0.0018 Tw 3.1617 0 Td [(, )-6(v. )-6(10)-6(D, p)-6(.)-4( 1)-6(-)1(35)-6(, 1)-6(984)-6(. )]TJ -0.0013 Tc 0.0747 Tw -28.3533 -1.6467 Td [(Wu, )6(F. )6(A li)7(n)-4(g)2(u)-4(i)1(stic cellu)-4(lar )6(au)-4(to)-4(m)10(a)-1(ta si)-5(m)10(u)-4(latio)-4(n)-4( ap)-4(proach)]TJ 0.0018 Tc 0.0716 Tw 23.6946 0 Td [( )6(fo)5(r s)8(u)-1(st)4(ai)4(na)9(b)5(l)4(e ur)6(ba)9(n )6(de)9(vel)4(opm)13(ent)4( i)4(n)-1( a)9( fa)9(st)4( g)5(ro)5(w)-1(i)4(n)5(g)5( )]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0 Tw -23.6946 -1.1497 Td [(regi)11(on)5(, )]TJ /TT3 1 Tf 0.0012 Tc 0.0003 Tw 3.0539 0 Td [(C)4(o)4(m)5(p)-2(u)4(t)4(ers, E)7(n)-2(vi)4(ro)4(nm)5(ent)4( a)4(n)4(d)-2( )6(Ur)7(ba)4(n )6(Syst)4(ems)]TJ /TT0 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0068 Tw 18.0479 0 Td [(, v. 2)5(0)-1(,)7( )-6(p.)7( )-6(3)5(6)5(7)-1(-)6(3)5(87)5(, 19)5(96)5(. )]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0.2629 Tw -21.1018 -1.6467 Td [(Wu)5(, F.;)5( )6(We)9(bs)8(t)5(e)3(r, C)4(.)1( J.)7( Si)5(m)8(u)-1(l)5(a)3(t)5(i)5(on )6(of)6( l)5(a)3(n)5(d)-1( de)9(vel)11(opm)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.2671 Tw 22.8743 0 Td [(en)-5(t th)-5(roug)-5(h)-5( t)6(h)-5(e in)-5(teg)-5(r)-4(ation)-5( )6(of cellu)-5(lar au)-5(tomata an)-5(d)-5( )]TJ -0.0011 Tc 0.0026 Tw -22.8743 -1.1497 Td [(m)10(u)-4(l)-5(ticriteria ev)-4(alu)-4(atio)-4(n)-4(,)]TJ /TT3 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0063 Tw 9.5928 0 Td [( )-6(E)8(n)-1(vi)4(r)8(o)-1(n)5(m)-1(e)9(n)-1(t)4(a)-1(l)4( an)5(d Pl)4(an)5(ni)4(n)5(g)-1( )-6(B)]TJ /TT0 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0068 Tw 12.6946 0 Td [(, v.)7(25)5(, p. 1)5(0)-1(3)5(-)6(12)5(6,)7( )-6(1)5(9)-1(9)5(8)-1(. )]TJ -0.001 Tc 0.0264 Tw -22.2874 -1.5449 Td [(Yeh, A. )6(G.; Li, X. )6(Sim)10(u)-4(lat)-5(i)1(o)-4(n)2( o)-4(f)3( d)-4(e)6(v)-4(elop)-4(m)10(e)-6(n)-4(t altern)-4(ativ)]TJ -0.0009 Tc 22.5749 0 Td [(es )6(u)-4(s)-1(ing)-4( )6(n)-4(eural network)-4(s)5(, cellu)-4(l)8(ar au)-4(t)8(o)-4(m)11(ata, a)-6(n)-4(d GIS )6(for )]TJ 0 g ET /GS1 gs BT /T1_0 9 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 1 0 0 1 287.492 28.8 Tm (3704)Tj ET endstream endobj 289 0 obj 12287 endobj 290 0 obj << /Length 291 0 R >> stream /CS2 cs 0 0 0 sc 1 i /RelativeColorimetric ri /GS2 gs BT /TT4 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0294 Tw 12 0 0 12 106.38 731.7203 Tm [(The land us)5(e change simulations w)8(e)-1(re accom)8(p)1(lished by tw)8(o types of stochastic tran)6(sition )]TJ -0.0002 Tc 0.2502 Tw -1.775 -1.15 Td [(algorithm)8(s)-1( \226 \223expander\224 and \223patcher\224 \226 wh)]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.2479 Tw 19.315 0 Td (ich operate changes through expansion and )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1232 Tw -19.315 -1.15 Td [(diffusion, respectively. These sim)8(u)1(lations were )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.1244 Tw 19.76 0 Td (validated according to)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1195 Tw 9.145 0 Td [( a )-10(m)8(u)1(ltiple resolution)6( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.1646 Tw -28.905 -1.15 Td [(fitting m)8(e)-1(thod \(Constan)5(za, 1989\), and the va)]TJ 0.1638 Tw 18.875 0 Td [(lu)5(es obtained for windows 3x3, 5x5 and 9x9)5( )]TJ 0.0296 Tw -18.875 -1.15 Td (were 0.862682, 0.864872, and 0.864644, respectively for S1, S2, and S3. \ It is observable that )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1095 Tw 0 -1.15 TD [(the land use transitions com)8(p)1(ly with econom)]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.1105 Tw 18.55 0 Td (ic theories of urban growth and change)Tj /TT5 1 Tf 0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 503.04 662.7203 Tm (, )Tj /TT4 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 12 0 0 12 509.4 662.7203 Tm (which )Tj 0.0007 Tc 0.0003 Tw -35.36 -1.15 Td [(m)9(axi)-6(m)9(i)-1(ze consum)9(ers\264 and m)9(arkets\264 utilities in)]TJ 0.001 Tc -0.0017 Tw 18.53 0 Td [( te)5(rm)9(s of real s)5(t)-1(ate p)6(r)-1(ic)5(es a)5(nd access)5(i)-1(bility. )]TJ /TT5 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw -18.53 -2.16 Td (7.)Tj /TT6 1 Tf 0.75 0 Td ( )Tj /TT5 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 0.75 0 Td (Conclusions )Tj /TT4 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0024 Tw -1.5 -1.64 Td (Cities are open and non-linear co)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.0045 Tw 13.27 0 Td [(m)8(p)1(lex system)8(s. ANN though proved )]TJ 0.0009 Tc 0.0007 Tw 14.91 0 Td (to have the cap)Tj 0.0007 Tc -0.0007 Tw 6.03 0 Td (ability to )Tj 0.0002 Tc 0.1298 Tw -34.21 -1.15 Td (model non-linear features and handle well the )Tj 0.0001 Tc 19.49 0 Td [(uncertainties of spatial data. ANN h)-5(a)-1(ve two )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.0185 Tw -19.49 -1.15 Td [(m)8(a)-1(in disadvantages: they are black-box devises and )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0198 Tw 21.115 0 Td [(the user\264s intervention is still decisive for)-7( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.0896 Tw -21.115 -1.15 Td (the results quality. Further studies are needed )Tj 0.0897 Tw 19.025 0 Td (to assess the responsiveness of the simulation )Tj 0.0005 Tc -0.0011 Tw -19.025 -1.15 Td [(outputs in)6( face of changes in the type,)6( structur)]TJ 0.0007 Tc -0.0023 Tw 18.47 0 Td [(e an)6(d internal param)9(ete)]TJ 0.0004 Tc -0.0004 Tw 9.35 0 Td [(rs of the network.)5( )]TJ /TT5 1 Tf 0.0007 Tc 0 Tw -27.82 -2.16 Td [(References)5( )]TJ /TT4 1 Tf -0.0011 Tc 0.0146 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 504.3803 Tm [(Batty, M; Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, H.; Eichen)-4(, M. Urban)-4( )6(syste)-6(m)10(s as cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata,)]TJ /TT7 1 Tf -0.0022 Tc 0.0157 Tw 29 0 Td [( E)-8(n)-5(vironm)-5(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plan)-5(n)-5(i)6(ng)-5( B)]TJ /TT4 1 Tf 0.0025 Tc 0.011 Tw 12.7605 0 Td [(,)7( v.)7(2)6(4, )6(p.)13( )]TJ -0.0026 Tc -0.0019 Tw -41.7605 -1.1497 Td [(1)-6(59-)-5(164)-6(, 19)-6(97)-6(. )]TJ -0.0018 Tc 0.0811 Tw 0 -1.6467 TD [(Co)-5(n)-5(s)-2(tan)-5(za, R. )6(Mo)-5(d)-5(e)-1(l goo)-5(dn)-5(ess o)-5(f)-4( fit: a )-6(m)10(u)-5(ltip)-5(le reso)-5(lu)-5(tion p)-5(r)2(o)-5(cedu)-5(r)-4(e, )]TJ /TT7 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0817 Tw 28.9461 0 Td [(Eco)-5(log)-5(ica)-5(l Mod)-5(e)4(llin)-5(g)]TJ /TT4 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.0749 Tw 8.7545 0 Td [(, )-6(v)-4(.)3(47)-4(, p)-4(.)-3( 1)-4(99-)-4(215)-4(,)-9( )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0 Tw -37.7006 -1.1437 Td [(1)-4(989)-4(. )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0.062 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, )6(H. )6(Cellu)-4(lar wo)-4(rl)8(ds: a fram)11(ewo)-4(rk for m)11(o)-4(d)-4(ellin)-4(g micro)-4(-)-3(m)11(acro)-4( )6(d)-4(y)2(n)-4(am)11(i)2(cs, )]TJ /TT7 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0.0641 Tw 33.5569 0 Td [(En)-6(viro)-6(nm)-5(en)-6(ta)-6(l and)-6( Plann)-6(ing)-6( )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw -33.5569 -1.1497 Td (A)Tj /TT4 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw 0.6108 0 Td [(, v)-4(.)3(1)-4(7)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 58)-4(5-)-4(596)-4(, 19)-4(85)-4(. )]TJ -0.0005 Tc 0.0559 Tw -0.6108 -1.6467 Td [(Dead)-3(m)11(an)-3(,)-2( P.; )6(Brown, R. )6(D.; )6(Gim)11(b)-3(let)-4(t)2(, P. M)8(o)-3(d)-3(elling)-3( )6(rura)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0575 Tw 23.0838 0 Td [(l resid)-5(e)-1(n)-5(tial settle)-7(m)9(e)-1(n)-5(t p)-5(a)-1(tterns with)-5( cellu)-5(lar au)-5(to)-5(m)9(a)-1(ta,)-10( )]TJ /TT7 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc -0.0006 Tw -23.0838 -1.1497 Td [(Jou)5(r)2(n)5(a)-1(l)5( )6(of)5( Env)9(i)5(ron)5(me)9(n)-1(t)5(a)-1(l)5( M)9(a)5(na)5(ge)9(ment)]TJ /TT4 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 15.7784 0 Td [(, )-6( v)-5(.)-3( 37)-5(, p)-5(.)3( )-6(147)-5(-16)-5(0)1(, 1)-5(993)-5(. )]TJ 0.0017 Tc 0.0357 Tw -15.7784 -1.5449 Td [(Fi)4(sher)5(, M)5(. M)5(.;)10( Ab)5(ra)8(hart)4(, R)4(. J)8(. Ne)8(ur)5(oc)8(om)13(put)4(i)4(ng \226)5( t)4(o)5(ol)4(s f)5(o)-1(r )6(geo)5(g)5(r)-1(ap)5(her)5(s)2(. I)5(n)-1(:)4( O)5(p)-1(en)5(sha)8(w)-1(, )6(S.;)4( A)5(b)-1(ra)8(hart)4(, R)10(. J. \(e)8(ds)8(\))5(,)6( )]TJ /TT7 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(G)-5(e)-2(o)-6(c)4(om)-5(pu)-6(ta)-6(ti)6(o)-6(n)]TJ /TT4 1 Tf -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw 6.6527 0 Td [(, )6(N)-5(e)-2(w Yo)-5(rk)-5(:)6( Taylo)-5(r)-5( )6(& Fr)-5(ancis, ch)-5(ap)-5(.8)-5(, p. )6(1)-5(87-)-5(217)-5(, )6(20)-5(00)-5(. )]TJ -0.0013 Tc 0.0028 Tw -6.6527 -1.5449 Td [(Gong)-4(, P. In)-4(tegrated)-4( an)-4(alysis o)-4(f)-4( sp)-4(atial d)-4(a)-1(ta )-6(fro)-4(m)10( )-6(m)10(u)-10(ltip)]TJ -0.0016 Tc 0.0031 Tw 22.2096 0 Td [(le )-6(so)-5(urces: u)-5(s)-2(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( )6(ev)-5(id)-5(en)-5(tial reaso)-5(n)-5(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( an)-5(d)-5( artificial n)-5(e)-1(u)-5(r)-4(al)7( )]TJ 0.0019 Tc 0.0774 Tw -22.2096 -1.1497 Td [(net)4(w)6(or)6(k t)4(ech)5(ni)10(que)9(s f)6(o)-1(r )6(ge)9(ol)4(o)5(g)-1(i)4(cal)4( m)13(a)3(ppi)4(ng,)6( )]TJ /TT7 1 Tf 0.0012 Tc 0.0722 Tw 18.2455 0 Td [(Ph)4(ot)4(o)4(g)-2(ra)4(m)5(m)-1(e)8(t)4(ri)4(c )-6(Engi)10(neeri)4(ng a)4(nd Rem)5(o)-2(t)10(e)2( )-6(Sen)4(s)1(i)4(n)4(g)]TJ /TT4 1 Tf 0.002 Tc 0.0714 Tw 20.8862 0 Td [(, v. 6)5(2)-1(, p. 51)5(3)5(-)]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.003 Tw -39.1317 -1.1437 Td [(5)-4(2)2(3)-4(,)3( 199)-4(6. )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0.0087 Tw 0 -1.5509 TD [(Li, X.; )6(Yeh)-4(,)-3( )6(A. G. Calibration o)-4(f)3( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata b)-4(y)2( u)-4(s)]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0.0054 Tw 22.6527 0 Td [(i)5(n)-1(g)5( ne)9(ural)5( )6(net)5(w)6(or)6(ks )6(fo)5(r t)5(h)-1(e)9( si)5(m)14(u)-7(l)5(a)3(t)5(i)5(on o)5(f c)9(o)-1(m)14(p)-1(lex )6(ur)6(ban)11( )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0 Tw -22.6527 -1.1437 Td [(syste)-6(m)11(s, )]TJ /TT7 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0063 Tw 3.6587 0 Td [(Envi)4(r)8(o)-1(n)5(m)-1(e)9(n)-1(t)4(a)-1(l)4( an)5(d Pl)4(an)5(ni)4(n)5(g)-1( )-6(A)]TJ /TT4 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 12.4491 0 Td [(, v)-5(.)-3( 3)-5(3)1(, p)-5(.)-3( 14)-5(45-)-4(146)-5(2, 2)-5(001)-5(. )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0492 Tw -16.1078 -1.5509 Td [(Li, X.; )6(Ye)7(h, )6(A. G. Ne)7(ural-net)9(work-base)7(d)-3( cellular aut)9(o)-3(m)12(a)]TJ 0.0018 Tc 0.0476 Tw 23.1737 0 Td [(t)4(a)3( )-6(fo)5(r si)4(m)13(u)-1(l)4(a)3(t)4(i)4(ng m)13(u)-1(lt)4(i)4(p)-1(l)4(e)3( l)4(a)3(nd )6(use c)9(h)-1(an)5(ges )6(us)8(i)4(ng )6(GI)6(S)7(,)6( )]TJ /TT7 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0039 Tw -23.1737 -1.1437 Td [(In)-5(tern)-5(a)-5(tiona)-5(l Jo)-5(u)-5(r)4(na)-5(l )6(o)-5(f Geogra)-5(p)1(h)-5(ica)-5(l In)-5(fo)-5(rma)-5(tion)-5( )6(S)-5(c)-2(ience)]TJ /TT4 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc -0.003 Tw 23.7485 0 Td [(, )-6(v. 1)-4(6)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 32)-4(3-3)-4(4)2(3)-4(,)3( )-6(200)-4(2. )]TJ -0.0009 Tc 0.0144 Tw -23.7485 -1.5509 Td [(Pap)-4(i)2(n)-4(i)2(, L.; Rabin)-4(o)-4(,)-2( )6(G. A.; Co)-4(lo)-4(nn)-4(a, )6(A.; Di Stefano)-4(,)-2( )6(V.; Lo)]TJ -0.0008 Tc 23.479 0 Td [(m)11(b)-4(ardo)-4(, S. Learn)-4(i)2(ng)-4( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(to)-4(m)11(ata in)-4( a re)-6(al wo)-4(rl)8(d)-4(:)2( )]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.0988 Tw -23.479 -1.1437 Td [(th)-4(e case stud)-4(y)8( o)-4(f)-4( t)7(h)-4(e Ro)-4(m)10(e)-1( metro)-4(p)2(o)-4(litan)-4( area. In)-4(: Band)-4(i)7(n)-4(i,)]TJ -0.0007 Tc 0.098 Tw 24.1856 0 Td [( S.; Serra, )6(R; Liv)-4(eran)-4(i)2(, )6(F. S. ed. Cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)8(o)-4(m)11(ata)-6(:)-4( )]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.1152 Tw -24.1856 -1.1497 Td [(researc)7(h)-3( t)9(o)-3(wa)7(rds industry. )]TJ /TT7 1 Tf -0.004 Tc 0 Tw 11.0958 0 Td [(ACR)-4(I)-6(\2649)-7(6)]TJ /TT4 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.1168 Tw 3.5509 0 Td [(: )6(Pro)-4(c)-1(eed)-4(i)1(ng)-4(s )6(o)-4(f)2( th)-4(e )6(Th)-4(ird)-4( C)7(o)-4(nferen)-4(ce )6(o)-4(n)2( Cellu)-4(lar Au)-4(to)-4(m)10(a)-1(ta for Research )]TJ -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw -14.6467 -1.1497 Td [(an)-5(d Ind)-5(u)-5(s)-3(t)6(r)-5(y, Lo)-5(ndo)-5(n)-5(: )6(Spr)-5(ing)-5(er)-5(-V)-5(er)-5(lag)-5(,)-4( )6(p)-5(.)2( 165)-5(-18)-5(3)1(, )6(1)-5(998)-5(. )]TJ -0.0009 Tc 0.0263 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Po)-4(rt)8(ug)-4(ali, J.; Ben)-4(enson)-4(, )6(I.; Omer, I. City: th)]TJ 0.0012 Tc 0.0242 Tw 17.6766 0 Td [(e gree)8(ns a)8(nd t)10(h)4(e bl)4(ues. )6(I)5(n)-2(:)4( Po)4(r)5(t)4(ugal)4(i)4(, J. e)8(d)-2(. )]TJ /TT7 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc 0.0233 Tw 17.3892 0 Td [(Se)9(l)5(f)5(-org)5(a)5(n)-1(i)5(z)2(at)5(i)5(o)5(n)5( an)5(d t)5(h)-1(e )]TJ -0.002 Tc 0 Tw -35.0659 -1.1497 Td (city)Tj /TT4 1 Tf 0.0001 Tc 0.0014 Tw 1.4371 0 Td [(, Berlin: S)5(p)3(ringer)4(-Ve)7(r)-2(lag,)5( )6(chap.5, )6(1999. )]TJ -0.0004 Tc 0.0258 Tw -1.4371 -1.6467 Td [(Ru)-3(m)11(elh)-3(art, D. )6(E.; Hin)-3(t)8(o)-3(n)3(, G. )6(E.; )6(W)-9(illia)-6(m)11(s, )-6(R. J. L)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0275 Tw 20.2575 0 Td [(earn)-5(ing)-5( )6(represen)-5(tatio)-5(n)-5(s)4( b)-5(y)1( b)-5(a)-1(ck)-5(-p)-5(rop)-5(a)5(g)-5(a)-1(tio)-5(n)-5( errors, )]TJ /TT7 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 20.9641 0 Td [(Na)-4(tu)-4(re)]TJ /TT4 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc 0.0172 Tw 2.7784 0 Td [(, v.)7( )]TJ -0.002 Tc -0.0025 Tw -44 -1.1437 Td [(3)-5(2)1(3)-5(,)3( )-6(p. 5)-5(33-)-4(536)-5(, 19)-5(86)-5( )]TJ 0.0016 Tc 0.3472 Tw T* [(Whi)4(t)4(e)2(, R)4(. )6(W.)6(;)4( Engel)4(e)2(n)5(, G.)6( C)4(e)2(l)4(l)4(u)-1(l)4(a)2(r aut)4(o)-1(m)13(a)2(t)4(on as t)4(h)-1(e basi)4(s of i)4(n)-1(t)10(e)2(grat)4(e)8(d)-1( dy)5(na)8(m)7(i)4(c regi)4(onal)4( m)13(odel)4(l)4(i)4(ng,)6( )]TJ /TT7 1 Tf -0.0021 Tc 0.0036 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(En)-5(vironm)-4(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plann)-5(ing)-5( )6(B)]TJ /TT4 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw 12.4491 0 Td [(, v)-4(.)3(2)-4(4)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 23)-4(5-)-4(246)-4(, 19)-4(97)-4(. )]TJ -0.0011 Tc 0.0026 Tw -12.4491 -1.5449 Td [(Wo)-4(l)7(fram)10(,)-3( S. )6(Un)-4(iv)-4(ersality an)-4(d co)-4(m)10(p)-4(lex)-4(ity in)-4( )6(cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(mata, )]TJ /TT7 1 Tf -0.0004 Tc 0 Tw 25.1916 0 Td [(Physic)6(a)]TJ /TT4 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc -0.0018 Tw 3.1617 0 Td [(, )-6(v. )-6(10)-6(D, p)-6(.)-4( 1)-6(-)1(35)-6(, 1)-6(984)-6(. )]TJ -0.0013 Tc 0.0747 Tw -28.3533 -1.6467 Td [(Wu, )6(F. )6(A li)7(n)-4(g)2(u)-4(i)1(stic cellu)-4(lar )6(au)-4(to)-4(m)10(a)-1(ta si)-5(m)10(u)-4(latio)-4(n)-4( ap)-4(proach)]TJ 0.0018 Tc 0.0716 Tw 23.6946 0 Td [( )6(fo)5(r s)8(u)-1(st)4(ai)4(na)9(b)5(l)4(e ur)6(ba)9(n )6(de)9(vel)4(opm)13(ent)4( i)4(n)-1( a)9( fa)9(st)4( g)5(ro)5(w)-1(i)4(n)5(g)5( )]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0 Tw -23.6946 -1.1497 Td [(regi)11(on)5(, )]TJ /TT7 1 Tf 0.0012 Tc 0.0003 Tw 3.0539 0 Td [(C)4(o)4(m)5(p)-2(u)4(t)4(ers, E)7(n)-2(vi)4(ro)4(nm)5(ent)4( a)4(n)4(d)-2( )6(Ur)7(ba)4(n )6(Syst)4(ems)]TJ /TT4 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0068 Tw 18.0479 0 Td [(, v. 2)5(0)-1(,)7( )-6(p.)7( )-6(3)5(6)5(7)-1(-)6(3)5(87)5(, 19)5(96)5(. )]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0.2629 Tw -21.1018 -1.6467 Td [(Wu)5(, F.;)5( )6(We)9(bs)8(t)5(e)3(r, C)4(.)1( J.)7( Si)5(m)8(u)-1(l)5(a)3(t)5(i)5(on )6(of)6( l)5(a)3(n)5(d)-1( de)9(vel)11(opm)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.2671 Tw 22.8743 0 Td [(en)-5(t th)-5(roug)-5(h)-5( t)6(h)-5(e in)-5(teg)-5(r)-4(ation)-5( )6(of cellu)-5(lar au)-5(tomata an)-5(d)-5( )]TJ -0.0011 Tc 0.0026 Tw -22.8743 -1.1497 Td [(m)10(u)-4(l)-5(ticriteria ev)-4(alu)-4(atio)-4(n)-4(,)]TJ /TT7 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0063 Tw 9.5928 0 Td [( )-6(E)8(n)-1(vi)4(r)8(o)-1(n)5(m)-1(e)9(n)-1(t)4(a)-1(l)4( an)5(d Pl)4(an)5(ni)4(n)5(g)-1( )-6(B)]TJ /TT4 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0068 Tw 12.6946 0 Td [(, v.)7(25)5(, p. 1)5(0)-1(3)5(-)6(12)5(6,)7( )-6(1)5(9)-1(9)5(8)-1(. )]TJ 0 g ET /GS3 gs BT /T1_1 9 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 1 0 0 1 287.492 28.8 Tm (3704)Tj ET endstream endobj 291 0 obj 11969 endobj 292 0 obj << /Length 293 0 R >> stream /CS4 cs 0 0 0 sc 1 i /RelativeColorimetric ri /GS4 gs BT /TT8 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0294 Tw 12 0 0 12 106.38 731.7203 Tm [(The land us)5(e change simulations w)8(e)-1(re accom)8(p)1(lished by tw)8(o types of stochastic tran)6(sition )]TJ -0.0002 Tc 0.2502 Tw -1.775 -1.15 Td [(algorithm)8(s)-1( \226 \223expander\224 and \223patcher\224 \226 wh)]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.2479 Tw 19.315 0 Td (ich operate changes through expansion and )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1232 Tw -19.315 -1.15 Td [(diffusion, respectively. These sim)8(u)1(lations were )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.1244 Tw 19.76 0 Td (validated according to)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1195 Tw 9.145 0 Td [( a )-10(m)8(u)1(ltiple resolution)6( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.1646 Tw -28.905 -1.15 Td [(fitting m)8(e)-1(thod \(Constan)5(za, 1989\), and the va)]TJ 0.1638 Tw 18.875 0 Td [(lu)5(es obtained for windows 3x3, 5x5 and 9x9)5( )]TJ 0.0296 Tw -18.875 -1.15 Td (were 0.862682, 0.864872, and 0.864644, respectively for S1, S2, and S3. \ It is observable that )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1095 Tw 0 -1.15 TD [(the land use transitions com)8(p)1(ly with econom)]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.1105 Tw 18.55 0 Td (ic theories of urban growth and change)Tj /TT9 1 Tf 0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 503.04 662.7203 Tm (, )Tj /TT8 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 12 0 0 12 509.4 662.7203 Tm (which )Tj 0.0007 Tc 0.0003 Tw -35.36 -1.15 Td [(m)9(axi)-6(m)9(i)-1(ze consum)9(ers\264 and m)9(arkets\264 utilities in)]TJ 0.001 Tc -0.0017 Tw 18.53 0 Td [( te)5(rm)9(s of real s)5(t)-1(ate p)6(r)-1(ic)5(es a)5(nd access)5(i)-1(bility. )]TJ /TT9 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw -18.53 -2.16 Td (7.)Tj /TT10 1 Tf 0.75 0 Td ( )Tj /TT9 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 0.75 0 Td (Conclusions )Tj /TT8 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0024 Tw -1.5 -1.64 Td (Cities are open and non-linear co)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.0045 Tw 13.27 0 Td [(m)8(p)1(lex system)8(s. ANN though proved )]TJ 0.0009 Tc 0.0007 Tw 14.91 0 Td (to have the cap)Tj 0.0007 Tc -0.0007 Tw 6.03 0 Td (ability to )Tj 0.0002 Tc 0.1298 Tw -34.21 -1.15 Td (model non-linear features and handle well the )Tj 0.0001 Tc 19.49 0 Td [(uncertainties of spatial data. ANN h)-5(a)-1(ve two )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.0185 Tw -19.49 -1.15 Td [(m)8(a)-1(in disadvantages: they are black-box devises and )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0198 Tw 21.115 0 Td [(the user\264s intervention is still decisive for)-7( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.0896 Tw -21.115 -1.15 Td (the results quality. Further studies are needed )Tj 0.0897 Tw 19.025 0 Td (to assess the responsiveness of the simulation )Tj 0.0005 Tc -0.0011 Tw -19.025 -1.15 Td [(outputs in)6( face of changes in the type,)6( structur)]TJ 0.0007 Tc -0.0023 Tw 18.47 0 Td [(e an)6(d internal param)9(ete)]TJ 0.0004 Tc -0.0004 Tw 9.35 0 Td [(rs of the network.)5( )]TJ /TT9 1 Tf 0.0007 Tc 0 Tw -27.82 -2.16 Td [(References)5( )]TJ /TT8 1 Tf -0.0011 Tc 0.0146 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 504.3803 Tm [(Batty, M; Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, H.; Eichen)-4(, M. Urban)-4( )6(syste)-6(m)10(s as cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata,)]TJ /TT11 1 Tf -0.0022 Tc 0.0157 Tw 29 0 Td [( E)-8(n)-5(vironm)-5(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plan)-5(n)-5(i)6(ng)-5( B)]TJ /TT8 1 Tf 0.0025 Tc 0.011 Tw 12.7605 0 Td [(,)7( v.)7(2)6(4, )6(p.)13( )]TJ -0.0026 Tc -0.0019 Tw -41.7605 -1.1497 Td [(1)-6(59-)-5(164)-6(, 19)-6(97)-6(. )]TJ -0.0018 Tc 0.0811 Tw 0 -1.6467 TD [(Co)-5(n)-5(s)-2(tan)-5(za, R. )6(Mo)-5(d)-5(e)-1(l goo)-5(dn)-5(ess o)-5(f)-4( fit: a )-6(m)10(u)-5(ltip)-5(le reso)-5(lu)-5(tion p)-5(r)2(o)-5(cedu)-5(r)-4(e, )]TJ /TT11 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0817 Tw 28.9461 0 Td [(Eco)-5(log)-5(ica)-5(l Mod)-5(e)4(llin)-5(g)]TJ /TT8 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.0749 Tw 8.7545 0 Td [(, )-6(v)-4(.)3(47)-4(, p)-4(.)-3( 1)-4(99-)-4(215)-4(,)-9( )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0 Tw -37.7006 -1.1437 Td [(1)-4(989)-4(. )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0.062 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, )6(H. )6(Cellu)-4(lar wo)-4(rl)8(ds: a fram)11(ewo)-4(rk for m)11(o)-4(d)-4(ellin)-4(g micro)-4(-)-3(m)11(acro)-4( )6(d)-4(y)2(n)-4(am)11(i)2(cs, )]TJ /TT11 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0.0641 Tw 33.5569 0 Td [(En)-6(viro)-6(nm)-5(en)-6(ta)-6(l and)-6( Plann)-6(ing)-6( )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw -33.5569 -1.1497 Td (A)Tj /TT8 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw 0.6108 0 Td [(, v)-4(.)3(1)-4(7)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 58)-4(5-)-4(596)-4(, 19)-4(85)-4(. )]TJ -0.0005 Tc 0.0559 Tw -0.6108 -1.6467 Td [(Dead)-3(m)11(an)-3(,)-2( P.; )6(Brown, R. )6(D.; )6(Gim)11(b)-3(let)-4(t)2(, P. M)8(o)-3(d)-3(elling)-3( )6(rura)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0575 Tw 23.0838 0 Td [(l resid)-5(e)-1(n)-5(tial settle)-7(m)9(e)-1(n)-5(t p)-5(a)-1(tterns with)-5( cellu)-5(lar au)-5(to)-5(m)9(a)-1(ta,)-10( )]TJ /TT11 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc -0.0006 Tw -23.0838 -1.1497 Td [(Jou)5(r)2(n)5(a)-1(l)5( )6(of)5( Env)9(i)5(ron)5(me)9(n)-1(t)5(a)-1(l)5( M)9(a)5(na)5(ge)9(ment)]TJ /TT8 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 15.7784 0 Td [(, )-6( v)-5(.)-3( 37)-5(, p)-5(.)3( )-6(147)-5(-16)-5(0)1(, 1)-5(993)-5(. )]TJ 0.0017 Tc 0.0357 Tw -15.7784 -1.5449 Td [(Fi)4(sher)5(, M)5(. M)5(.;)10( Ab)5(ra)8(hart)4(, R)4(. J)8(. Ne)8(ur)5(oc)8(om)13(put)4(i)4(ng \226)5( t)4(o)5(ol)4(s f)5(o)-1(r )6(geo)5(g)5(r)-1(ap)5(her)5(s)2(. I)5(n)-1(:)4( O)5(p)-1(en)5(sha)8(w)-1(, )6(S.;)4( A)5(b)-1(ra)8(hart)4(, R)10(. J. \(e)8(ds)8(\))5(,)6( )]TJ /TT11 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(G)-5(e)-2(o)-6(c)4(om)-5(pu)-6(ta)-6(ti)6(o)-6(n)]TJ /TT8 1 Tf -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw 6.6527 0 Td [(, )6(N)-5(e)-2(w Yo)-5(rk)-5(:)6( Taylo)-5(r)-5( )6(& Fr)-5(ancis, ch)-5(ap)-5(.8)-5(, p. )6(1)-5(87-)-5(217)-5(, )6(20)-5(00)-5(. )]TJ -0.0013 Tc 0.0028 Tw -6.6527 -1.5449 Td [(Gong)-4(, P. In)-4(tegrated)-4( an)-4(alysis o)-4(f)-4( sp)-4(atial d)-4(a)-1(ta )-6(fro)-4(m)10( )-6(m)10(u)-10(ltip)]TJ -0.0016 Tc 0.0031 Tw 22.2096 0 Td [(le )-6(so)-5(urces: u)-5(s)-2(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( )6(ev)-5(id)-5(en)-5(tial reaso)-5(n)-5(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( an)-5(d)-5( artificial n)-5(e)-1(u)-5(r)-4(al)7( )]TJ 0.0019 Tc 0.0774 Tw -22.2096 -1.1497 Td [(net)4(w)6(or)6(k t)4(ech)5(ni)10(que)9(s f)6(o)-1(r )6(ge)9(ol)4(o)5(g)-1(i)4(cal)4( m)13(a)3(ppi)4(ng,)6( )]TJ /TT11 1 Tf 0.0012 Tc 0.0722 Tw 18.2455 0 Td [(Ph)4(ot)4(o)4(g)-2(ra)4(m)5(m)-1(e)8(t)4(ri)4(c )-6(Engi)10(neeri)4(ng a)4(nd Rem)5(o)-2(t)10(e)2( )-6(Sen)4(s)1(i)4(n)4(g)]TJ /TT8 1 Tf 0.002 Tc 0.0714 Tw 20.8862 0 Td [(, v. 6)5(2)-1(, p. 51)5(3)5(-)]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.003 Tw -39.1317 -1.1437 Td [(5)-4(2)2(3)-4(,)3( 199)-4(6. )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0.0087 Tw 0 -1.5509 TD [(Li, X.; )6(Yeh)-4(,)-3( )6(A. G. Calibration o)-4(f)3( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata b)-4(y)2( u)-4(s)]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0.0054 Tw 22.6527 0 Td [(i)5(n)-1(g)5( ne)9(ural)5( )6(net)5(w)6(or)6(ks )6(fo)5(r t)5(h)-1(e)9( si)5(m)14(u)-7(l)5(a)3(t)5(i)5(on o)5(f c)9(o)-1(m)14(p)-1(lex )6(ur)6(ban)11( )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0 Tw -22.6527 -1.1437 Td [(syste)-6(m)11(s, )]TJ /TT11 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0063 Tw 3.6587 0 Td [(Envi)4(r)8(o)-1(n)5(m)-1(e)9(n)-1(t)4(a)-1(l)4( an)5(d Pl)4(an)5(ni)4(n)5(g)-1( )-6(A)]TJ /TT8 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 12.4491 0 Td [(, v)-5(.)-3( 3)-5(3)1(, p)-5(.)-3( 14)-5(45-)-4(146)-5(2, 2)-5(001)-5(. )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0492 Tw -16.1078 -1.5509 Td [(Li, X.; )6(Ye)7(h, )6(A. G. Ne)7(ural-net)9(work-base)7(d)-3( cellular aut)9(o)-3(m)12(a)]TJ 0.0018 Tc 0.0476 Tw 23.1737 0 Td [(t)4(a)3( )-6(fo)5(r si)4(m)13(u)-1(l)4(a)3(t)4(i)4(ng m)13(u)-1(lt)4(i)4(p)-1(l)4(e)3( l)4(a)3(nd )6(use c)9(h)-1(an)5(ges )6(us)8(i)4(ng )6(GI)6(S)7(,)6( )]TJ /TT11 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0039 Tw -23.1737 -1.1437 Td [(In)-5(tern)-5(a)-5(tiona)-5(l Jo)-5(u)-5(r)4(na)-5(l )6(o)-5(f Geogra)-5(p)1(h)-5(ica)-5(l In)-5(fo)-5(rma)-5(tion)-5( )6(S)-5(c)-2(ience)]TJ /TT8 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc -0.003 Tw 23.7485 0 Td [(, )-6(v. 1)-4(6)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 32)-4(3-3)-4(4)2(3)-4(,)3( )-6(200)-4(2. )]TJ -0.0009 Tc 0.0144 Tw -23.7485 -1.5509 Td [(Pap)-4(i)2(n)-4(i)2(, L.; Rabin)-4(o)-4(,)-2( )6(G. A.; Co)-4(lo)-4(nn)-4(a, )6(A.; Di Stefano)-4(,)-2( )6(V.; Lo)]TJ -0.0008 Tc 23.479 0 Td [(m)11(b)-4(ardo)-4(, S. Learn)-4(i)2(ng)-4( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(to)-4(m)11(ata in)-4( a re)-6(al wo)-4(rl)8(d)-4(:)2( )]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.0988 Tw -23.479 -1.1437 Td [(th)-4(e case stud)-4(y)8( o)-4(f)-4( t)7(h)-4(e Ro)-4(m)10(e)-1( metro)-4(p)2(o)-4(litan)-4( area. In)-4(: Band)-4(i)7(n)-4(i,)]TJ -0.0007 Tc 0.098 Tw 24.1856 0 Td [( S.; Serra, )6(R; Liv)-4(eran)-4(i)2(, )6(F. S. ed. Cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)8(o)-4(m)11(ata)-6(:)-4( )]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.1152 Tw -24.1856 -1.1497 Td [(researc)7(h)-3( t)9(o)-3(wa)7(rds industry. )]TJ /TT11 1 Tf -0.004 Tc 0 Tw 11.0958 0 Td [(ACR)-4(I)-6(\2649)-7(6)]TJ /TT8 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.1168 Tw 3.5509 0 Td [(: )6(Pro)-4(c)-1(eed)-4(i)1(ng)-4(s )6(o)-4(f)2( th)-4(e )6(Th)-4(ird)-4( C)7(o)-4(nferen)-4(ce )6(o)-4(n)2( Cellu)-4(lar Au)-4(to)-4(m)10(a)-1(ta for Research )]TJ -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw -14.6467 -1.1497 Td [(an)-5(d Ind)-5(u)-5(s)-3(t)6(r)-5(y, Lo)-5(ndo)-5(n)-5(: )6(Spr)-5(ing)-5(er)-5(-V)-5(er)-5(lag)-5(,)-4( )6(p)-5(.)2( 165)-5(-18)-5(3)1(, )6(1)-5(998)-5(. )]TJ -0.0009 Tc 0.0263 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Po)-4(rt)8(ug)-4(ali, J.; Ben)-4(enson)-4(, )6(I.; Omer, I. City: th)]TJ 0.0012 Tc 0.0242 Tw 17.6766 0 Td [(e gree)8(ns a)8(nd t)10(h)4(e bl)4(ues. )6(I)5(n)-2(:)4( Po)4(r)5(t)4(ugal)4(i)4(, J. e)8(d)-2(. )]TJ /TT11 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc 0.0233 Tw 17.3892 0 Td [(Se)9(l)5(f)5(-org)5(a)5(n)-1(i)5(z)2(at)5(i)5(o)5(n)5( an)5(d t)5(h)-1(e )]TJ -0.002 Tc 0 Tw -35.0659 -1.1497 Td (city)Tj /TT8 1 Tf 0.0001 Tc 0.0014 Tw 1.4371 0 Td [(, Berlin: S)5(p)3(ringer)4(-Ve)7(r)-2(lag,)5( )6(chap.5, )6(1999. )]TJ -0.0004 Tc 0.0258 Tw -1.4371 -1.6467 Td [(Ru)-3(m)11(elh)-3(art, D. )6(E.; Hin)-3(t)8(o)-3(n)3(, G. )6(E.; )6(W)-9(illia)-6(m)11(s, )-6(R. J. L)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0275 Tw 20.2575 0 Td [(earn)-5(ing)-5( )6(represen)-5(tatio)-5(n)-5(s)4( b)-5(y)1( b)-5(a)-1(ck)-5(-p)-5(rop)-5(a)5(g)-5(a)-1(tio)-5(n)-5( errors, )]TJ /TT11 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 20.9641 0 Td [(Na)-4(tu)-4(re)]TJ /TT8 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc 0.0172 Tw 2.7784 0 Td [(, v.)7( )]TJ -0.002 Tc -0.0025 Tw -44 -1.1437 Td [(3)-5(2)1(3)-5(,)3( )-6(p. 5)-5(33-)-4(536)-5(, 19)-5(86)-5( )]TJ 0.0016 Tc 0.3472 Tw T* [(Whi)4(t)4(e)2(, R)4(. )6(W.)6(;)4( Engel)4(e)2(n)5(, G.)6( C)4(e)2(l)4(l)4(u)-1(l)4(a)2(r aut)4(o)-1(m)13(a)2(t)4(on as t)4(h)-1(e basi)4(s of i)4(n)-1(t)10(e)2(grat)4(e)8(d)-1( dy)5(na)8(m)7(i)4(c regi)4(onal)4( m)13(odel)4(l)4(i)4(ng,)6( )]TJ /TT11 1 Tf -0.0021 Tc 0.0036 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(En)-5(vironm)-4(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plann)-5(ing)-5( )6(B)]TJ /TT8 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw 12.4491 0 Td [(, v)-4(.)3(2)-4(4)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 23)-4(5-)-4(246)-4(, 19)-4(97)-4(. )]TJ -0.0011 Tc 0.0026 Tw -12.4491 -1.5449 Td [(Wo)-4(l)7(fram)10(,)-3( S. )6(Un)-4(iv)-4(ersality an)-4(d co)-4(m)10(p)-4(lex)-4(ity in)-4( )6(cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(mata, )]TJ /TT11 1 Tf -0.0004 Tc 0 Tw 25.1916 0 Td [(Physic)6(a)]TJ /TT8 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc -0.0018 Tw 3.1617 0 Td [(, )-6(v. )-6(10)-6(D, p)-6(.)-4( 1)-6(-)1(35)-6(, 1)-6(984)-6(. )]TJ -0.0013 Tc 0.0747 Tw -28.3533 -1.6467 Td [(Wu, )6(F. )6(A li)7(n)-4(g)2(u)-4(i)1(stic cellu)-4(lar )6(au)-4(to)-4(m)10(a)-1(ta si)-5(m)10(u)-4(latio)-4(n)-4( ap)-4(proach)]TJ 0.0018 Tc 0.0716 Tw 23.6946 0 Td [( )6(fo)5(r s)8(u)-1(st)4(ai)4(na)9(b)5(l)4(e ur)6(ba)9(n )6(de)9(vel)4(opm)13(ent)4( i)4(n)-1( a)9( fa)9(st)4( g)5(ro)5(w)-1(i)4(n)5(g)5( )]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0 Tw -23.6946 -1.1497 Td [(regi)11(on)5(, )]TJ /TT11 1 Tf 0.0012 Tc 0.0003 Tw 3.0539 0 Td [(C)4(o)4(m)5(p)-2(u)4(t)4(ers, E)7(n)-2(vi)4(ro)4(nm)5(ent)4( a)4(n)4(d)-2( )6(Ur)7(ba)4(n )6(Syst)4(ems)]TJ /TT8 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0068 Tw 18.0479 0 Td [(, v. 2)5(0)-1(,)7( )-6(p.)7( )-6(3)5(6)5(7)-1(-)6(3)5(87)5(, 19)5(96)5(. )]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0.2629 Tw -21.1018 -1.6467 Td [(Wu)5(, F.;)5( )6(We)9(bs)8(t)5(e)3(r, C)4(.)1( J.)7( Si)5(m)8(u)-1(l)5(a)3(t)5(i)5(on )6(of)6( l)5(a)3(n)5(d)-1( de)9(vel)11(opm)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.2671 Tw 22.8743 0 Td [(en)-5(t th)-5(roug)-5(h)-5( t)6(h)-5(e in)-5(teg)-5(r)-4(ation)-5( )6(of cellu)-5(lar au)-5(tomata an)-5(d)-5( )]TJ 0 g ET /GS5 gs BT /T1_2 9 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 1 0 0 1 287.492 28.8 Tm (3704)Tj ET endstream endobj 293 0 obj 11616 endobj 294 0 obj << /Length 295 0 R >> stream /CS6 cs 0 0 0 sc 1 i /RelativeColorimetric ri /GS6 gs BT /TT12 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0294 Tw 12 0 0 12 106.38 731.7203 Tm [(The land us)5(e change simulations w)8(e)-1(re accom)8(p)1(lished by tw)8(o types of stochastic tran)6(sition )]TJ -0.0002 Tc 0.2502 Tw -1.775 -1.15 Td [(algorithm)8(s)-1( \226 \223expander\224 and \223patcher\224 \226 wh)]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.2479 Tw 19.315 0 Td (ich operate changes through expansion and )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1232 Tw -19.315 -1.15 Td [(diffusion, respectively. These sim)8(u)1(lations were )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.1244 Tw 19.76 0 Td (validated according to)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1195 Tw 9.145 0 Td [( a )-10(m)8(u)1(ltiple resolution)6( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.1646 Tw -28.905 -1.15 Td [(fitting m)8(e)-1(thod \(Constan)5(za, 1989\), and the va)]TJ 0.1638 Tw 18.875 0 Td [(lu)5(es obtained for windows 3x3, 5x5 and 9x9)5( )]TJ 0.0296 Tw -18.875 -1.15 Td (were 0.862682, 0.864872, and 0.864644, respectively for S1, S2, and S3. \ It is observable that )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1095 Tw 0 -1.15 TD [(the land use transitions com)8(p)1(ly with econom)]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.1105 Tw 18.55 0 Td (ic theories of urban growth and change)Tj /TT13 1 Tf 0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 503.04 662.7203 Tm (, )Tj /TT12 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 12 0 0 12 509.4 662.7203 Tm (which )Tj 0.0007 Tc 0.0003 Tw -35.36 -1.15 Td [(m)9(axi)-6(m)9(i)-1(ze consum)9(ers\264 and m)9(arkets\264 utilities in)]TJ 0.001 Tc -0.0017 Tw 18.53 0 Td [( te)5(rm)9(s of real s)5(t)-1(ate p)6(r)-1(ic)5(es a)5(nd access)5(i)-1(bility. )]TJ /TT13 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw -18.53 -2.16 Td (7.)Tj /TT14 1 Tf 0.75 0 Td ( )Tj /TT13 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 0.75 0 Td (Conclusions )Tj /TT12 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0024 Tw -1.5 -1.64 Td (Cities are open and non-linear co)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.0045 Tw 13.27 0 Td [(m)8(p)1(lex system)8(s. ANN though proved )]TJ 0.0009 Tc 0.0007 Tw 14.91 0 Td (to have the cap)Tj 0.0007 Tc -0.0007 Tw 6.03 0 Td (ability to )Tj 0.0002 Tc 0.1298 Tw -34.21 -1.15 Td (model non-linear features and handle well the )Tj 0.0001 Tc 19.49 0 Td [(uncertainties of spatial data. ANN h)-5(a)-1(ve two )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.0185 Tw -19.49 -1.15 Td [(m)8(a)-1(in disadvantages: they are black-box devises and )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0198 Tw 21.115 0 Td [(the user\264s intervention is still decisive for)-7( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.0896 Tw -21.115 -1.15 Td (the results quality. Further studies are needed )Tj 0.0897 Tw 19.025 0 Td (to assess the responsiveness of the simulation )Tj 0.0005 Tc -0.0011 Tw -19.025 -1.15 Td [(outputs in)6( face of changes in the type,)6( structur)]TJ 0.0007 Tc -0.0023 Tw 18.47 0 Td [(e an)6(d internal param)9(ete)]TJ 0.0004 Tc -0.0004 Tw 9.35 0 Td [(rs of the network.)5( )]TJ /TT13 1 Tf 0.0007 Tc 0 Tw -27.82 -2.16 Td [(References)5( )]TJ /TT12 1 Tf -0.0011 Tc 0.0146 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 504.3803 Tm [(Batty, M; Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, H.; Eichen)-4(, M. Urban)-4( )6(syste)-6(m)10(s as cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata,)]TJ /TT15 1 Tf -0.0022 Tc 0.0157 Tw 29 0 Td [( E)-8(n)-5(vironm)-5(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plan)-5(n)-5(i)6(ng)-5( B)]TJ /TT12 1 Tf 0.0025 Tc 0.011 Tw 12.7605 0 Td [(,)7( v.)7(2)6(4, )6(p.)13( )]TJ -0.0026 Tc -0.0019 Tw -41.7605 -1.1497 Td [(1)-6(59-)-5(164)-6(, 19)-6(97)-6(. )]TJ -0.0018 Tc 0.0811 Tw 0 -1.6467 TD [(Co)-5(n)-5(s)-2(tan)-5(za, R. )6(Mo)-5(d)-5(e)-1(l goo)-5(dn)-5(ess o)-5(f)-4( fit: a )-6(m)10(u)-5(ltip)-5(le reso)-5(lu)-5(tion p)-5(r)2(o)-5(cedu)-5(r)-4(e, )]TJ /TT15 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0817 Tw 28.9461 0 Td [(Eco)-5(log)-5(ica)-5(l Mod)-5(e)4(llin)-5(g)]TJ /TT12 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.0749 Tw 8.7545 0 Td [(, )-6(v)-4(.)3(47)-4(, p)-4(.)-3( 1)-4(99-)-4(215)-4(,)-9( )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0 Tw -37.7006 -1.1437 Td [(1)-4(989)-4(. )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0.062 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, )6(H. )6(Cellu)-4(lar wo)-4(rl)8(ds: a fram)11(ewo)-4(rk for m)11(o)-4(d)-4(ellin)-4(g micro)-4(-)-3(m)11(acro)-4( )6(d)-4(y)2(n)-4(am)11(i)2(cs, )]TJ /TT15 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0.0641 Tw 33.5569 0 Td [(En)-6(viro)-6(nm)-5(en)-6(ta)-6(l and)-6( Plann)-6(ing)-6( )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw -33.5569 -1.1497 Td (A)Tj /TT12 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw 0.6108 0 Td [(, v)-4(.)3(1)-4(7)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 58)-4(5-)-4(596)-4(, 19)-4(85)-4(. )]TJ -0.0005 Tc 0.0559 Tw -0.6108 -1.6467 Td [(Dead)-3(m)11(an)-3(,)-2( P.; )6(Brown, R. )6(D.; )6(Gim)11(b)-3(let)-4(t)2(, P. M)8(o)-3(d)-3(elling)-3( )6(rura)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0575 Tw 23.0838 0 Td [(l resid)-5(e)-1(n)-5(tial settle)-7(m)9(e)-1(n)-5(t p)-5(a)-1(tterns with)-5( cellu)-5(lar au)-5(to)-5(m)9(a)-1(ta,)-10( )]TJ /TT15 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc -0.0006 Tw -23.0838 -1.1497 Td [(Jou)5(r)2(n)5(a)-1(l)5( )6(of)5( Env)9(i)5(ron)5(me)9(n)-1(t)5(a)-1(l)5( M)9(a)5(na)5(ge)9(ment)]TJ /TT12 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 15.7784 0 Td [(, )-6( v)-5(.)-3( 37)-5(, p)-5(.)3( )-6(147)-5(-16)-5(0)1(, 1)-5(993)-5(. )]TJ 0.0017 Tc 0.0357 Tw -15.7784 -1.5449 Td [(Fi)4(sher)5(, M)5(. M)5(.;)10( Ab)5(ra)8(hart)4(, R)4(. J)8(. Ne)8(ur)5(oc)8(om)13(put)4(i)4(ng \226)5( t)4(o)5(ol)4(s f)5(o)-1(r )6(geo)5(g)5(r)-1(ap)5(her)5(s)2(. I)5(n)-1(:)4( O)5(p)-1(en)5(sha)8(w)-1(, )6(S.;)4( A)5(b)-1(ra)8(hart)4(, R)10(. J. \(e)8(ds)8(\))5(,)6( )]TJ /TT15 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(G)-5(e)-2(o)-6(c)4(om)-5(pu)-6(ta)-6(ti)6(o)-6(n)]TJ /TT12 1 Tf -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw 6.6527 0 Td [(, )6(N)-5(e)-2(w Yo)-5(rk)-5(:)6( Taylo)-5(r)-5( )6(& Fr)-5(ancis, ch)-5(ap)-5(.8)-5(, p. )6(1)-5(87-)-5(217)-5(, )6(20)-5(00)-5(. )]TJ -0.0013 Tc 0.0028 Tw -6.6527 -1.5449 Td [(Gong)-4(, P. In)-4(tegrated)-4( an)-4(alysis o)-4(f)-4( sp)-4(atial d)-4(a)-1(ta )-6(fro)-4(m)10( )-6(m)10(u)-10(ltip)]TJ -0.0016 Tc 0.0031 Tw 22.2096 0 Td [(le )-6(so)-5(urces: u)-5(s)-2(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( )6(ev)-5(id)-5(en)-5(tial reaso)-5(n)-5(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( an)-5(d)-5( artificial n)-5(e)-1(u)-5(r)-4(al)7( )]TJ 0.0019 Tc 0.0774 Tw -22.2096 -1.1497 Td [(net)4(w)6(or)6(k t)4(ech)5(ni)10(que)9(s f)6(o)-1(r )6(ge)9(ol)4(o)5(g)-1(i)4(cal)4( m)13(a)3(ppi)4(ng,)6( )]TJ /TT15 1 Tf 0.0012 Tc 0.0722 Tw 18.2455 0 Td [(Ph)4(ot)4(o)4(g)-2(ra)4(m)5(m)-1(e)8(t)4(ri)4(c )-6(Engi)10(neeri)4(ng a)4(nd Rem)5(o)-2(t)10(e)2( )-6(Sen)4(s)1(i)4(n)4(g)]TJ /TT12 1 Tf 0.002 Tc 0.0714 Tw 20.8862 0 Td [(, v. 6)5(2)-1(, p. 51)5(3)5(-)]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.003 Tw -39.1317 -1.1437 Td [(5)-4(2)2(3)-4(,)3( 199)-4(6. )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0.0087 Tw 0 -1.5509 TD [(Li, X.; )6(Yeh)-4(,)-3( )6(A. G. Calibration o)-4(f)3( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata b)-4(y)2( u)-4(s)]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0.0054 Tw 22.6527 0 Td [(i)5(n)-1(g)5( ne)9(ural)5( )6(net)5(w)6(or)6(ks )6(fo)5(r t)5(h)-1(e)9( si)5(m)14(u)-7(l)5(a)3(t)5(i)5(on o)5(f c)9(o)-1(m)14(p)-1(lex )6(ur)6(ban)11( )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0 Tw -22.6527 -1.1437 Td [(syste)-6(m)11(s, )]TJ /TT15 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0063 Tw 3.6587 0 Td [(Envi)4(r)8(o)-1(n)5(m)-1(e)9(n)-1(t)4(a)-1(l)4( an)5(d Pl)4(an)5(ni)4(n)5(g)-1( )-6(A)]TJ /TT12 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 12.4491 0 Td [(, v)-5(.)-3( 3)-5(3)1(, p)-5(.)-3( 14)-5(45-)-4(146)-5(2, 2)-5(001)-5(. )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0492 Tw -16.1078 -1.5509 Td [(Li, X.; )6(Ye)7(h, )6(A. G. Ne)7(ural-net)9(work-base)7(d)-3( cellular aut)9(o)-3(m)12(a)]TJ 0.0018 Tc 0.0476 Tw 23.1737 0 Td [(t)4(a)3( )-6(fo)5(r si)4(m)13(u)-1(l)4(a)3(t)4(i)4(ng m)13(u)-1(lt)4(i)4(p)-1(l)4(e)3( l)4(a)3(nd )6(use c)9(h)-1(an)5(ges )6(us)8(i)4(ng )6(GI)6(S)7(,)6( )]TJ /TT15 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0039 Tw -23.1737 -1.1437 Td [(In)-5(tern)-5(a)-5(tiona)-5(l Jo)-5(u)-5(r)4(na)-5(l )6(o)-5(f Geogra)-5(p)1(h)-5(ica)-5(l In)-5(fo)-5(rma)-5(tion)-5( )6(S)-5(c)-2(ience)]TJ /TT12 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc -0.003 Tw 23.7485 0 Td [(, )-6(v. 1)-4(6)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 32)-4(3-3)-4(4)2(3)-4(,)3( )-6(200)-4(2. )]TJ -0.0009 Tc 0.0144 Tw -23.7485 -1.5509 Td [(Pap)-4(i)2(n)-4(i)2(, L.; Rabin)-4(o)-4(,)-2( )6(G. A.; Co)-4(lo)-4(nn)-4(a, )6(A.; Di Stefano)-4(,)-2( )6(V.; Lo)]TJ -0.0008 Tc 23.479 0 Td [(m)11(b)-4(ardo)-4(, S. Learn)-4(i)2(ng)-4( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(to)-4(m)11(ata in)-4( a re)-6(al wo)-4(rl)8(d)-4(:)2( )]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.0988 Tw -23.479 -1.1437 Td [(th)-4(e case stud)-4(y)8( o)-4(f)-4( t)7(h)-4(e Ro)-4(m)10(e)-1( metro)-4(p)2(o)-4(litan)-4( area. In)-4(: Band)-4(i)7(n)-4(i,)]TJ -0.0007 Tc 0.098 Tw 24.1856 0 Td [( S.; Serra, )6(R; Liv)-4(eran)-4(i)2(, )6(F. S. ed. Cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)8(o)-4(m)11(ata)-6(:)-4( )]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.1152 Tw -24.1856 -1.1497 Td [(researc)7(h)-3( t)9(o)-3(wa)7(rds industry. )]TJ /TT15 1 Tf -0.004 Tc 0 Tw 11.0958 0 Td [(ACR)-4(I)-6(\2649)-7(6)]TJ /TT12 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.1168 Tw 3.5509 0 Td [(: )6(Pro)-4(c)-1(eed)-4(i)1(ng)-4(s )6(o)-4(f)2( th)-4(e )6(Th)-4(ird)-4( C)7(o)-4(nferen)-4(ce )6(o)-4(n)2( Cellu)-4(lar Au)-4(to)-4(m)10(a)-1(ta for Research )]TJ -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw -14.6467 -1.1497 Td [(an)-5(d Ind)-5(u)-5(s)-3(t)6(r)-5(y, Lo)-5(ndo)-5(n)-5(: )6(Spr)-5(ing)-5(er)-5(-V)-5(er)-5(lag)-5(,)-4( )6(p)-5(.)2( 165)-5(-18)-5(3)1(, )6(1)-5(998)-5(. )]TJ -0.0009 Tc 0.0263 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Po)-4(rt)8(ug)-4(ali, J.; Ben)-4(enson)-4(, )6(I.; Omer, I. City: th)]TJ 0.0012 Tc 0.0242 Tw 17.6766 0 Td [(e gree)8(ns a)8(nd t)10(h)4(e bl)4(ues. )6(I)5(n)-2(:)4( Po)4(r)5(t)4(ugal)4(i)4(, J. e)8(d)-2(. )]TJ /TT15 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc 0.0233 Tw 17.3892 0 Td [(Se)9(l)5(f)5(-org)5(a)5(n)-1(i)5(z)2(at)5(i)5(o)5(n)5( an)5(d t)5(h)-1(e )]TJ -0.002 Tc 0 Tw -35.0659 -1.1497 Td (city)Tj /TT12 1 Tf 0.0001 Tc 0.0014 Tw 1.4371 0 Td [(, Berlin: S)5(p)3(ringer)4(-Ve)7(r)-2(lag,)5( )6(chap.5, )6(1999. )]TJ -0.0004 Tc 0.0258 Tw -1.4371 -1.6467 Td [(Ru)-3(m)11(elh)-3(art, D. )6(E.; Hin)-3(t)8(o)-3(n)3(, G. )6(E.; )6(W)-9(illia)-6(m)11(s, )-6(R. J. L)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0275 Tw 20.2575 0 Td [(earn)-5(ing)-5( )6(represen)-5(tatio)-5(n)-5(s)4( b)-5(y)1( b)-5(a)-1(ck)-5(-p)-5(rop)-5(a)5(g)-5(a)-1(tio)-5(n)-5( errors, )]TJ /TT15 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 20.9641 0 Td [(Na)-4(tu)-4(re)]TJ /TT12 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc 0.0172 Tw 2.7784 0 Td [(, v.)7( )]TJ -0.002 Tc -0.0025 Tw -44 -1.1437 Td [(3)-5(2)1(3)-5(,)3( )-6(p. 5)-5(33-)-4(536)-5(, 19)-5(86)-5( )]TJ 0.0016 Tc 0.3472 Tw T* [(Whi)4(t)4(e)2(, R)4(. )6(W.)6(;)4( Engel)4(e)2(n)5(, G.)6( C)4(e)2(l)4(l)4(u)-1(l)4(a)2(r aut)4(o)-1(m)13(a)2(t)4(on as t)4(h)-1(e basi)4(s of i)4(n)-1(t)10(e)2(grat)4(e)8(d)-1( dy)5(na)8(m)7(i)4(c regi)4(onal)4( m)13(odel)4(l)4(i)4(ng,)6( )]TJ /TT15 1 Tf -0.0021 Tc 0.0036 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(En)-5(vironm)-4(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plann)-5(ing)-5( )6(B)]TJ /TT12 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw 12.4491 0 Td [(, v)-4(.)3(2)-4(4)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 23)-4(5-)-4(246)-4(, 19)-4(97)-4(. )]TJ -0.0011 Tc 0.0026 Tw -12.4491 -1.5449 Td [(Wo)-4(l)7(fram)10(,)-3( S. )6(Un)-4(iv)-4(ersality an)-4(d co)-4(m)10(p)-4(lex)-4(ity in)-4( )6(cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(mata, )]TJ /TT15 1 Tf -0.0004 Tc 0 Tw 25.1916 0 Td [(Physic)6(a)]TJ /TT12 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc -0.0018 Tw 3.1617 0 Td [(, )-6(v. )-6(10)-6(D, p)-6(.)-4( 1)-6(-)1(35)-6(, 1)-6(984)-6(. )]TJ -0.0013 Tc 0.0747 Tw -28.3533 -1.6467 Td [(Wu, )6(F. )6(A li)7(n)-4(g)2(u)-4(i)1(stic cellu)-4(lar )6(au)-4(to)-4(m)10(a)-1(ta si)-5(m)10(u)-4(latio)-4(n)-4( ap)-4(proach)]TJ 0.0018 Tc 0.0716 Tw 23.6946 0 Td [( )6(fo)5(r s)8(u)-1(st)4(ai)4(na)9(b)5(l)4(e ur)6(ba)9(n )6(de)9(vel)4(opm)13(ent)4( i)4(n)-1( a)9( fa)9(st)4( g)5(ro)5(w)-1(i)4(n)5(g)5( )]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0 Tw -23.6946 -1.1497 Td [(regi)11(on)5(, )]TJ /TT15 1 Tf 0.0012 Tc 0.0003 Tw 3.0539 0 Td [(C)4(o)4(m)5(p)-2(u)4(t)4(ers, E)7(n)-2(vi)4(ro)4(nm)5(ent)4( a)4(n)4(d)-2( )6(Ur)7(ba)4(n )6(Syst)4(ems)]TJ /TT12 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0068 Tw 18.0479 0 Td [(, v. 2)5(0)-1(,)7( )-6(p.)7( )-6(3)5(6)5(7)-1(-)6(3)5(87)5(, 19)5(96)5(. )]TJ 0 g ET /GS7 gs BT /T1_3 9 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 1 0 0 1 287.492 28.8 Tm (3704)Tj ET endstream endobj 295 0 obj 11311 endobj 296 0 obj << /Length 297 0 R >> stream /CS8 cs 0 0 0 sc 1 i /RelativeColorimetric ri /GS8 gs BT /TT16 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0294 Tw 12 0 0 12 106.38 731.7203 Tm [(The land us)5(e change simulations w)8(e)-1(re accom)8(p)1(lished by tw)8(o types of stochastic tran)6(sition )]TJ -0.0002 Tc 0.2502 Tw -1.775 -1.15 Td [(algorithm)8(s)-1( \226 \223expander\224 and \223patcher\224 \226 wh)]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.2479 Tw 19.315 0 Td (ich operate changes through expansion and )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1232 Tw -19.315 -1.15 Td [(diffusion, respectively. These sim)8(u)1(lations were )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.1244 Tw 19.76 0 Td (validated according to)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1195 Tw 9.145 0 Td [( a )-10(m)8(u)1(ltiple resolution)6( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.1646 Tw -28.905 -1.15 Td [(fitting m)8(e)-1(thod \(Constan)5(za, 1989\), and the va)]TJ 0.1638 Tw 18.875 0 Td [(lu)5(es obtained for windows 3x3, 5x5 and 9x9)5( )]TJ 0.0296 Tw -18.875 -1.15 Td (were 0.862682, 0.864872, and 0.864644, respectively for S1, S2, and S3. \ It is observable that )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1095 Tw 0 -1.15 TD [(the land use transitions com)8(p)1(ly with econom)]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.1105 Tw 18.55 0 Td (ic theories of urban growth and change)Tj /TT17 1 Tf 0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 503.04 662.7203 Tm (, )Tj /TT16 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 12 0 0 12 509.4 662.7203 Tm (which )Tj 0.0007 Tc 0.0003 Tw -35.36 -1.15 Td [(m)9(axi)-6(m)9(i)-1(ze consum)9(ers\264 and m)9(arkets\264 utilities in)]TJ 0.001 Tc -0.0017 Tw 18.53 0 Td [( te)5(rm)9(s of real s)5(t)-1(ate p)6(r)-1(ic)5(es a)5(nd access)5(i)-1(bility. )]TJ /TT17 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw -18.53 -2.16 Td (7.)Tj /TT18 1 Tf 0.75 0 Td ( )Tj /TT17 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 0.75 0 Td (Conclusions )Tj /TT16 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0024 Tw -1.5 -1.64 Td (Cities are open and non-linear co)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.0045 Tw 13.27 0 Td [(m)8(p)1(lex system)8(s. ANN though proved )]TJ 0.0009 Tc 0.0007 Tw 14.91 0 Td (to have the cap)Tj 0.0007 Tc -0.0007 Tw 6.03 0 Td (ability to )Tj 0.0002 Tc 0.1298 Tw -34.21 -1.15 Td (model non-linear features and handle well the )Tj 0.0001 Tc 19.49 0 Td [(uncertainties of spatial data. ANN h)-5(a)-1(ve two )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.0185 Tw -19.49 -1.15 Td [(m)8(a)-1(in disadvantages: they are black-box devises and )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0198 Tw 21.115 0 Td [(the user\264s intervention is still decisive for)-7( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.0896 Tw -21.115 -1.15 Td (the results quality. Further studies are needed )Tj 0.0897 Tw 19.025 0 Td (to assess the responsiveness of the simulation )Tj 0.0005 Tc -0.0011 Tw -19.025 -1.15 Td [(outputs in)6( face of changes in the type,)6( structur)]TJ 0.0007 Tc -0.0023 Tw 18.47 0 Td [(e an)6(d internal param)9(ete)]TJ 0.0004 Tc -0.0004 Tw 9.35 0 Td [(rs of the network.)5( )]TJ /TT17 1 Tf 0.0007 Tc 0 Tw -27.82 -2.16 Td [(References)5( )]TJ /TT16 1 Tf -0.0011 Tc 0.0146 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 504.3803 Tm [(Batty, M; Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, H.; Eichen)-4(, M. Urban)-4( )6(syste)-6(m)10(s as cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata,)]TJ /TT19 1 Tf -0.0022 Tc 0.0157 Tw 29 0 Td [( E)-8(n)-5(vironm)-5(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plan)-5(n)-5(i)6(ng)-5( B)]TJ /TT16 1 Tf 0.0025 Tc 0.011 Tw 12.7605 0 Td [(,)7( v.)7(2)6(4, )6(p.)13( )]TJ -0.0026 Tc -0.0019 Tw -41.7605 -1.1497 Td [(1)-6(59-)-5(164)-6(, 19)-6(97)-6(. )]TJ -0.0018 Tc 0.0811 Tw 0 -1.6467 TD [(Co)-5(n)-5(s)-2(tan)-5(za, R. )6(Mo)-5(d)-5(e)-1(l goo)-5(dn)-5(ess o)-5(f)-4( fit: a )-6(m)10(u)-5(ltip)-5(le reso)-5(lu)-5(tion p)-5(r)2(o)-5(cedu)-5(r)-4(e, )]TJ /TT19 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0817 Tw 28.9461 0 Td [(Eco)-5(log)-5(ica)-5(l Mod)-5(e)4(llin)-5(g)]TJ /TT16 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.0749 Tw 8.7545 0 Td [(, )-6(v)-4(.)3(47)-4(, p)-4(.)-3( 1)-4(99-)-4(215)-4(,)-9( )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0 Tw -37.7006 -1.1437 Td [(1)-4(989)-4(. )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0.062 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, )6(H. )6(Cellu)-4(lar wo)-4(rl)8(ds: a fram)11(ewo)-4(rk for m)11(o)-4(d)-4(ellin)-4(g micro)-4(-)-3(m)11(acro)-4( )6(d)-4(y)2(n)-4(am)11(i)2(cs, )]TJ /TT19 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0.0641 Tw 33.5569 0 Td [(En)-6(viro)-6(nm)-5(en)-6(ta)-6(l and)-6( Plann)-6(ing)-6( )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw -33.5569 -1.1497 Td (A)Tj /TT16 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw 0.6108 0 Td [(, v)-4(.)3(1)-4(7)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 58)-4(5-)-4(596)-4(, 19)-4(85)-4(. )]TJ -0.0005 Tc 0.0559 Tw -0.6108 -1.6467 Td [(Dead)-3(m)11(an)-3(,)-2( P.; )6(Brown, R. )6(D.; )6(Gim)11(b)-3(let)-4(t)2(, P. M)8(o)-3(d)-3(elling)-3( )6(rura)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0575 Tw 23.0838 0 Td [(l resid)-5(e)-1(n)-5(tial settle)-7(m)9(e)-1(n)-5(t p)-5(a)-1(tterns with)-5( cellu)-5(lar au)-5(to)-5(m)9(a)-1(ta,)-10( )]TJ /TT19 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc -0.0006 Tw -23.0838 -1.1497 Td [(Jou)5(r)2(n)5(a)-1(l)5( )6(of)5( Env)9(i)5(ron)5(me)9(n)-1(t)5(a)-1(l)5( M)9(a)5(na)5(ge)9(ment)]TJ /TT16 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 15.7784 0 Td [(, )-6( v)-5(.)-3( 37)-5(, p)-5(.)3( )-6(147)-5(-16)-5(0)1(, 1)-5(993)-5(. )]TJ 0.0017 Tc 0.0357 Tw -15.7784 -1.5449 Td [(Fi)4(sher)5(, M)5(. M)5(.;)10( Ab)5(ra)8(hart)4(, R)4(. J)8(. Ne)8(ur)5(oc)8(om)13(put)4(i)4(ng \226)5( t)4(o)5(ol)4(s f)5(o)-1(r )6(geo)5(g)5(r)-1(ap)5(her)5(s)2(. I)5(n)-1(:)4( O)5(p)-1(en)5(sha)8(w)-1(, )6(S.;)4( A)5(b)-1(ra)8(hart)4(, R)10(. J. \(e)8(ds)8(\))5(,)6( )]TJ /TT19 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(G)-5(e)-2(o)-6(c)4(om)-5(pu)-6(ta)-6(ti)6(o)-6(n)]TJ /TT16 1 Tf -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw 6.6527 0 Td [(, )6(N)-5(e)-2(w Yo)-5(rk)-5(:)6( Taylo)-5(r)-5( )6(& Fr)-5(ancis, ch)-5(ap)-5(.8)-5(, p. )6(1)-5(87-)-5(217)-5(, )6(20)-5(00)-5(. )]TJ -0.0013 Tc 0.0028 Tw -6.6527 -1.5449 Td [(Gong)-4(, P. In)-4(tegrated)-4( an)-4(alysis o)-4(f)-4( sp)-4(atial d)-4(a)-1(ta )-6(fro)-4(m)10( )-6(m)10(u)-10(ltip)]TJ -0.0016 Tc 0.0031 Tw 22.2096 0 Td [(le )-6(so)-5(urces: u)-5(s)-2(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( )6(ev)-5(id)-5(en)-5(tial reaso)-5(n)-5(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( an)-5(d)-5( artificial n)-5(e)-1(u)-5(r)-4(al)7( )]TJ 0.0019 Tc 0.0774 Tw -22.2096 -1.1497 Td [(net)4(w)6(or)6(k t)4(ech)5(ni)10(que)9(s f)6(o)-1(r )6(ge)9(ol)4(o)5(g)-1(i)4(cal)4( m)13(a)3(ppi)4(ng,)6( )]TJ /TT19 1 Tf 0.0012 Tc 0.0722 Tw 18.2455 0 Td [(Ph)4(ot)4(o)4(g)-2(ra)4(m)5(m)-1(e)8(t)4(ri)4(c )-6(Engi)10(neeri)4(ng a)4(nd Rem)5(o)-2(t)10(e)2( )-6(Sen)4(s)1(i)4(n)4(g)]TJ /TT16 1 Tf 0.002 Tc 0.0714 Tw 20.8862 0 Td [(, v. 6)5(2)-1(, p. 51)5(3)5(-)]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.003 Tw -39.1317 -1.1437 Td [(5)-4(2)2(3)-4(,)3( 199)-4(6. )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0.0087 Tw 0 -1.5509 TD [(Li, X.; )6(Yeh)-4(,)-3( )6(A. G. Calibration o)-4(f)3( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata b)-4(y)2( u)-4(s)]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0.0054 Tw 22.6527 0 Td [(i)5(n)-1(g)5( ne)9(ural)5( )6(net)5(w)6(or)6(ks )6(fo)5(r t)5(h)-1(e)9( si)5(m)14(u)-7(l)5(a)3(t)5(i)5(on o)5(f c)9(o)-1(m)14(p)-1(lex )6(ur)6(ban)11( )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0 Tw -22.6527 -1.1437 Td [(syste)-6(m)11(s, )]TJ /TT19 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0063 Tw 3.6587 0 Td [(Envi)4(r)8(o)-1(n)5(m)-1(e)9(n)-1(t)4(a)-1(l)4( an)5(d Pl)4(an)5(ni)4(n)5(g)-1( )-6(A)]TJ /TT16 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 12.4491 0 Td [(, v)-5(.)-3( 3)-5(3)1(, p)-5(.)-3( 14)-5(45-)-4(146)-5(2, 2)-5(001)-5(. )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0492 Tw -16.1078 -1.5509 Td [(Li, X.; )6(Ye)7(h, )6(A. G. Ne)7(ural-net)9(work-base)7(d)-3( cellular aut)9(o)-3(m)12(a)]TJ 0.0018 Tc 0.0476 Tw 23.1737 0 Td [(t)4(a)3( )-6(fo)5(r si)4(m)13(u)-1(l)4(a)3(t)4(i)4(ng m)13(u)-1(lt)4(i)4(p)-1(l)4(e)3( l)4(a)3(nd )6(use c)9(h)-1(an)5(ges )6(us)8(i)4(ng )6(GI)6(S)7(,)6( )]TJ /TT19 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0039 Tw -23.1737 -1.1437 Td [(In)-5(tern)-5(a)-5(tiona)-5(l Jo)-5(u)-5(r)4(na)-5(l )6(o)-5(f Geogra)-5(p)1(h)-5(ica)-5(l In)-5(fo)-5(rma)-5(tion)-5( )6(S)-5(c)-2(ience)]TJ /TT16 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc -0.003 Tw 23.7485 0 Td [(, )-6(v. 1)-4(6)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 32)-4(3-3)-4(4)2(3)-4(,)3( )-6(200)-4(2. )]TJ -0.0009 Tc 0.0144 Tw -23.7485 -1.5509 Td [(Pap)-4(i)2(n)-4(i)2(, L.; Rabin)-4(o)-4(,)-2( )6(G. A.; Co)-4(lo)-4(nn)-4(a, )6(A.; Di Stefano)-4(,)-2( )6(V.; Lo)]TJ -0.0008 Tc 23.479 0 Td [(m)11(b)-4(ardo)-4(, S. Learn)-4(i)2(ng)-4( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(to)-4(m)11(ata in)-4( a re)-6(al wo)-4(rl)8(d)-4(:)2( )]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.0988 Tw -23.479 -1.1437 Td [(th)-4(e case stud)-4(y)8( o)-4(f)-4( t)7(h)-4(e Ro)-4(m)10(e)-1( metro)-4(p)2(o)-4(litan)-4( area. In)-4(: Band)-4(i)7(n)-4(i,)]TJ -0.0007 Tc 0.098 Tw 24.1856 0 Td [( S.; Serra, )6(R; Liv)-4(eran)-4(i)2(, )6(F. S. ed. Cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)8(o)-4(m)11(ata)-6(:)-4( )]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.1152 Tw -24.1856 -1.1497 Td [(researc)7(h)-3( t)9(o)-3(wa)7(rds industry. )]TJ /TT19 1 Tf -0.004 Tc 0 Tw 11.0958 0 Td [(ACR)-4(I)-6(\2649)-7(6)]TJ /TT16 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.1168 Tw 3.5509 0 Td [(: )6(Pro)-4(c)-1(eed)-4(i)1(ng)-4(s )6(o)-4(f)2( th)-4(e )6(Th)-4(ird)-4( C)7(o)-4(nferen)-4(ce )6(o)-4(n)2( Cellu)-4(lar Au)-4(to)-4(m)10(a)-1(ta for Research )]TJ -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw -14.6467 -1.1497 Td [(an)-5(d Ind)-5(u)-5(s)-3(t)6(r)-5(y, Lo)-5(ndo)-5(n)-5(: )6(Spr)-5(ing)-5(er)-5(-V)-5(er)-5(lag)-5(,)-4( )6(p)-5(.)2( 165)-5(-18)-5(3)1(, )6(1)-5(998)-5(. )]TJ -0.0009 Tc 0.0263 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Po)-4(rt)8(ug)-4(ali, J.; Ben)-4(enson)-4(, )6(I.; Omer, I. City: th)]TJ 0.0012 Tc 0.0242 Tw 17.6766 0 Td [(e gree)8(ns a)8(nd t)10(h)4(e bl)4(ues. )6(I)5(n)-2(:)4( Po)4(r)5(t)4(ugal)4(i)4(, J. e)8(d)-2(. )]TJ /TT19 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc 0.0233 Tw 17.3892 0 Td [(Se)9(l)5(f)5(-org)5(a)5(n)-1(i)5(z)2(at)5(i)5(o)5(n)5( an)5(d t)5(h)-1(e )]TJ -0.002 Tc 0 Tw -35.0659 -1.1497 Td (city)Tj /TT16 1 Tf 0.0001 Tc 0.0014 Tw 1.4371 0 Td [(, Berlin: S)5(p)3(ringer)4(-Ve)7(r)-2(lag,)5( )6(chap.5, )6(1999. )]TJ -0.0004 Tc 0.0258 Tw -1.4371 -1.6467 Td [(Ru)-3(m)11(elh)-3(art, D. )6(E.; Hin)-3(t)8(o)-3(n)3(, G. )6(E.; )6(W)-9(illia)-6(m)11(s, )-6(R. J. L)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0275 Tw 20.2575 0 Td [(earn)-5(ing)-5( )6(represen)-5(tatio)-5(n)-5(s)4( b)-5(y)1( b)-5(a)-1(ck)-5(-p)-5(rop)-5(a)5(g)-5(a)-1(tio)-5(n)-5( errors, )]TJ /TT19 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 20.9641 0 Td [(Na)-4(tu)-4(re)]TJ /TT16 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc 0.0172 Tw 2.7784 0 Td [(, v.)7( )]TJ -0.002 Tc -0.0025 Tw -44 -1.1437 Td [(3)-5(2)1(3)-5(,)3( )-6(p. 5)-5(33-)-4(536)-5(, 19)-5(86)-5( )]TJ 0.0016 Tc 0.3472 Tw T* [(Whi)4(t)4(e)2(, R)4(. )6(W.)6(;)4( Engel)4(e)2(n)5(, G.)6( C)4(e)2(l)4(l)4(u)-1(l)4(a)2(r aut)4(o)-1(m)13(a)2(t)4(on as t)4(h)-1(e basi)4(s of i)4(n)-1(t)10(e)2(grat)4(e)8(d)-1( dy)5(na)8(m)7(i)4(c regi)4(onal)4( m)13(odel)4(l)4(i)4(ng,)6( )]TJ /TT19 1 Tf -0.0021 Tc 0.0036 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(En)-5(vironm)-4(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plann)-5(ing)-5( )6(B)]TJ /TT16 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw 12.4491 0 Td [(, v)-4(.)3(2)-4(4)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 23)-4(5-)-4(246)-4(, 19)-4(97)-4(. )]TJ -0.0011 Tc 0.0026 Tw -12.4491 -1.5449 Td [(Wo)-4(l)7(fram)10(,)-3( S. )6(Un)-4(iv)-4(ersality an)-4(d co)-4(m)10(p)-4(lex)-4(ity in)-4( )6(cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(mata, )]TJ /TT19 1 Tf -0.0004 Tc 0 Tw 25.1916 0 Td [(Physic)6(a)]TJ /TT16 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc -0.0018 Tw 3.1617 0 Td [(, )-6(v. )-6(10)-6(D, p)-6(.)-4( 1)-6(-)1(35)-6(, 1)-6(984)-6(. )]TJ -0.0013 Tc 0.0747 Tw -28.3533 -1.6467 Td [(Wu, )6(F. )6(A li)7(n)-4(g)2(u)-4(i)1(stic cellu)-4(lar )6(au)-4(to)-4(m)10(a)-1(ta si)-5(m)10(u)-4(latio)-4(n)-4( ap)-4(proach)]TJ 0.0018 Tc 0.0716 Tw 23.6946 0 Td [( )6(fo)5(r s)8(u)-1(st)4(ai)4(na)9(b)5(l)4(e ur)6(ba)9(n )6(de)9(vel)4(opm)13(ent)4( i)4(n)-1( a)9( fa)9(st)4( g)5(ro)5(w)-1(i)4(n)5(g)5( )]TJ 0 g ET /GS9 gs BT /T1_4 9 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 1 0 0 1 287.492 28.8 Tm (3704)Tj ET endstream endobj 297 0 obj 10976 endobj 298 0 obj << /Length 299 0 R >> stream /CS10 cs 0 0 0 sc 1 i /RelativeColorimetric ri /GS10 gs BT /TT20 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0294 Tw 12 0 0 12 106.38 731.7203 Tm [(The land us)5(e change simulations w)8(e)-1(re accom)8(p)1(lished by tw)8(o types of stochastic tran)6(sition )]TJ -0.0002 Tc 0.2502 Tw -1.775 -1.15 Td [(algorithm)8(s)-1( \226 \223expander\224 and \223patcher\224 \226 wh)]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.2479 Tw 19.315 0 Td (ich operate changes through expansion and )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1232 Tw -19.315 -1.15 Td [(diffusion, respectively. These sim)8(u)1(lations were )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.1244 Tw 19.76 0 Td (validated according to)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1195 Tw 9.145 0 Td [( a )-10(m)8(u)1(ltiple resolution)6( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.1646 Tw -28.905 -1.15 Td [(fitting m)8(e)-1(thod \(Constan)5(za, 1989\), and the va)]TJ 0.1638 Tw 18.875 0 Td [(lu)5(es obtained for windows 3x3, 5x5 and 9x9)5( )]TJ 0.0296 Tw -18.875 -1.15 Td (were 0.862682, 0.864872, and 0.864644, respectively for S1, S2, and S3. \ It is observable that )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1095 Tw 0 -1.15 TD [(the land use transitions com)8(p)1(ly with econom)]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.1105 Tw 18.55 0 Td (ic theories of urban growth and change)Tj /TT21 1 Tf 0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 503.04 662.7203 Tm (, )Tj /TT20 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 12 0 0 12 509.4 662.7203 Tm (which )Tj 0.0007 Tc 0.0003 Tw -35.36 -1.15 Td [(m)9(axi)-6(m)9(i)-1(ze consum)9(ers\264 and m)9(arkets\264 utilities in)]TJ 0.001 Tc -0.0017 Tw 18.53 0 Td [( te)5(rm)9(s of real s)5(t)-1(ate p)6(r)-1(ic)5(es a)5(nd access)5(i)-1(bility. )]TJ /TT21 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw -18.53 -2.16 Td (7.)Tj /TT22 1 Tf 0.75 0 Td ( )Tj /TT21 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 0.75 0 Td (Conclusions )Tj /TT20 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0024 Tw -1.5 -1.64 Td (Cities are open and non-linear co)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.0045 Tw 13.27 0 Td [(m)8(p)1(lex system)8(s. ANN though proved )]TJ 0.0009 Tc 0.0007 Tw 14.91 0 Td (to have the cap)Tj 0.0007 Tc -0.0007 Tw 6.03 0 Td (ability to )Tj 0.0002 Tc 0.1298 Tw -34.21 -1.15 Td (model non-linear features and handle well the )Tj 0.0001 Tc 19.49 0 Td [(uncertainties of spatial data. ANN h)-5(a)-1(ve two )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.0185 Tw -19.49 -1.15 Td [(m)8(a)-1(in disadvantages: they are black-box devises and )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0198 Tw 21.115 0 Td [(the user\264s intervention is still decisive for)-7( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.0896 Tw -21.115 -1.15 Td (the results quality. Further studies are needed )Tj 0.0897 Tw 19.025 0 Td (to assess the responsiveness of the simulation )Tj 0.0005 Tc -0.0011 Tw -19.025 -1.15 Td [(outputs in)6( face of changes in the type,)6( structur)]TJ 0.0007 Tc -0.0023 Tw 18.47 0 Td [(e an)6(d internal param)9(ete)]TJ 0.0004 Tc -0.0004 Tw 9.35 0 Td [(rs of the network.)5( )]TJ /TT21 1 Tf 0.0007 Tc 0 Tw -27.82 -2.16 Td [(References)5( )]TJ /TT20 1 Tf -0.0011 Tc 0.0146 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 504.3803 Tm [(Batty, M; Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, H.; Eichen)-4(, M. Urban)-4( )6(syste)-6(m)10(s as cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata,)]TJ /TT23 1 Tf -0.0022 Tc 0.0157 Tw 29 0 Td [( E)-8(n)-5(vironm)-5(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plan)-5(n)-5(i)6(ng)-5( B)]TJ /TT20 1 Tf 0.0025 Tc 0.011 Tw 12.7605 0 Td [(,)7( v.)7(2)6(4, )6(p.)13( )]TJ -0.0026 Tc -0.0019 Tw -41.7605 -1.1497 Td [(1)-6(59-)-5(164)-6(, 19)-6(97)-6(. )]TJ -0.0018 Tc 0.0811 Tw 0 -1.6467 TD [(Co)-5(n)-5(s)-2(tan)-5(za, R. )6(Mo)-5(d)-5(e)-1(l goo)-5(dn)-5(ess o)-5(f)-4( fit: a )-6(m)10(u)-5(ltip)-5(le reso)-5(lu)-5(tion p)-5(r)2(o)-5(cedu)-5(r)-4(e, )]TJ /TT23 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0817 Tw 28.9461 0 Td [(Eco)-5(log)-5(ica)-5(l Mod)-5(e)4(llin)-5(g)]TJ /TT20 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.0749 Tw 8.7545 0 Td [(, )-6(v)-4(.)3(47)-4(, p)-4(.)-3( 1)-4(99-)-4(215)-4(,)-9( )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0 Tw -37.7006 -1.1437 Td [(1)-4(989)-4(. )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0.062 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, )6(H. )6(Cellu)-4(lar wo)-4(rl)8(ds: a fram)11(ewo)-4(rk for m)11(o)-4(d)-4(ellin)-4(g micro)-4(-)-3(m)11(acro)-4( )6(d)-4(y)2(n)-4(am)11(i)2(cs, )]TJ /TT23 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0.0641 Tw 33.5569 0 Td [(En)-6(viro)-6(nm)-5(en)-6(ta)-6(l and)-6( Plann)-6(ing)-6( )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw -33.5569 -1.1497 Td (A)Tj /TT20 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw 0.6108 0 Td [(, v)-4(.)3(1)-4(7)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 58)-4(5-)-4(596)-4(, 19)-4(85)-4(. )]TJ -0.0005 Tc 0.0559 Tw -0.6108 -1.6467 Td [(Dead)-3(m)11(an)-3(,)-2( P.; )6(Brown, R. )6(D.; )6(Gim)11(b)-3(let)-4(t)2(, P. M)8(o)-3(d)-3(elling)-3( )6(rura)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0575 Tw 23.0838 0 Td [(l resid)-5(e)-1(n)-5(tial settle)-7(m)9(e)-1(n)-5(t p)-5(a)-1(tterns with)-5( cellu)-5(lar au)-5(to)-5(m)9(a)-1(ta,)-10( )]TJ /TT23 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc -0.0006 Tw -23.0838 -1.1497 Td [(Jou)5(r)2(n)5(a)-1(l)5( )6(of)5( Env)9(i)5(ron)5(me)9(n)-1(t)5(a)-1(l)5( M)9(a)5(na)5(ge)9(ment)]TJ /TT20 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 15.7784 0 Td [(, )-6( v)-5(.)-3( 37)-5(, p)-5(.)3( )-6(147)-5(-16)-5(0)1(, 1)-5(993)-5(. )]TJ 0.0017 Tc 0.0357 Tw -15.7784 -1.5449 Td [(Fi)4(sher)5(, M)5(. M)5(.;)10( Ab)5(ra)8(hart)4(, R)4(. J)8(. Ne)8(ur)5(oc)8(om)13(put)4(i)4(ng \226)5( t)4(o)5(ol)4(s f)5(o)-1(r )6(geo)5(g)5(r)-1(ap)5(her)5(s)2(. I)5(n)-1(:)4( O)5(p)-1(en)5(sha)8(w)-1(, )6(S.;)4( A)5(b)-1(ra)8(hart)4(, R)10(. J. \(e)8(ds)8(\))5(,)6( )]TJ /TT23 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(G)-5(e)-2(o)-6(c)4(om)-5(pu)-6(ta)-6(ti)6(o)-6(n)]TJ /TT20 1 Tf -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw 6.6527 0 Td [(, )6(N)-5(e)-2(w Yo)-5(rk)-5(:)6( Taylo)-5(r)-5( )6(& Fr)-5(ancis, ch)-5(ap)-5(.8)-5(, p. )6(1)-5(87-)-5(217)-5(, )6(20)-5(00)-5(. )]TJ -0.0013 Tc 0.0028 Tw -6.6527 -1.5449 Td [(Gong)-4(, P. In)-4(tegrated)-4( an)-4(alysis o)-4(f)-4( sp)-4(atial d)-4(a)-1(ta )-6(fro)-4(m)10( )-6(m)10(u)-10(ltip)]TJ -0.0016 Tc 0.0031 Tw 22.2096 0 Td [(le )-6(so)-5(urces: u)-5(s)-2(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( )6(ev)-5(id)-5(en)-5(tial reaso)-5(n)-5(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( an)-5(d)-5( artificial n)-5(e)-1(u)-5(r)-4(al)7( )]TJ 0.0019 Tc 0.0774 Tw -22.2096 -1.1497 Td [(net)4(w)6(or)6(k t)4(ech)5(ni)10(que)9(s f)6(o)-1(r )6(ge)9(ol)4(o)5(g)-1(i)4(cal)4( m)13(a)3(ppi)4(ng,)6( )]TJ /TT23 1 Tf 0.0012 Tc 0.0722 Tw 18.2455 0 Td [(Ph)4(ot)4(o)4(g)-2(ra)4(m)5(m)-1(e)8(t)4(ri)4(c )-6(Engi)10(neeri)4(ng a)4(nd Rem)5(o)-2(t)10(e)2( )-6(Sen)4(s)1(i)4(n)4(g)]TJ /TT20 1 Tf 0.002 Tc 0.0714 Tw 20.8862 0 Td [(, v. 6)5(2)-1(, p. 51)5(3)5(-)]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.003 Tw -39.1317 -1.1437 Td [(5)-4(2)2(3)-4(,)3( 199)-4(6. )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0.0087 Tw 0 -1.5509 TD [(Li, X.; )6(Yeh)-4(,)-3( )6(A. G. Calibration o)-4(f)3( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata b)-4(y)2( u)-4(s)]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0.0054 Tw 22.6527 0 Td [(i)5(n)-1(g)5( ne)9(ural)5( )6(net)5(w)6(or)6(ks )6(fo)5(r t)5(h)-1(e)9( si)5(m)14(u)-7(l)5(a)3(t)5(i)5(on o)5(f c)9(o)-1(m)14(p)-1(lex )6(ur)6(ban)11( )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0 Tw -22.6527 -1.1437 Td [(syste)-6(m)11(s, )]TJ /TT23 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0063 Tw 3.6587 0 Td [(Envi)4(r)8(o)-1(n)5(m)-1(e)9(n)-1(t)4(a)-1(l)4( an)5(d Pl)4(an)5(ni)4(n)5(g)-1( )-6(A)]TJ /TT20 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 12.4491 0 Td [(, v)-5(.)-3( 3)-5(3)1(, p)-5(.)-3( 14)-5(45-)-4(146)-5(2, 2)-5(001)-5(. )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0492 Tw -16.1078 -1.5509 Td [(Li, X.; )6(Ye)7(h, )6(A. G. Ne)7(ural-net)9(work-base)7(d)-3( cellular aut)9(o)-3(m)12(a)]TJ 0.0018 Tc 0.0476 Tw 23.1737 0 Td [(t)4(a)3( )-6(fo)5(r si)4(m)13(u)-1(l)4(a)3(t)4(i)4(ng m)13(u)-1(lt)4(i)4(p)-1(l)4(e)3( l)4(a)3(nd )6(use c)9(h)-1(an)5(ges )6(us)8(i)4(ng )6(GI)6(S)7(,)6( )]TJ /TT23 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0039 Tw -23.1737 -1.1437 Td [(In)-5(tern)-5(a)-5(tiona)-5(l Jo)-5(u)-5(r)4(na)-5(l )6(o)-5(f Geogra)-5(p)1(h)-5(ica)-5(l In)-5(fo)-5(rma)-5(tion)-5( )6(S)-5(c)-2(ience)]TJ /TT20 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc -0.003 Tw 23.7485 0 Td [(, )-6(v. 1)-4(6)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 32)-4(3-3)-4(4)2(3)-4(,)3( )-6(200)-4(2. )]TJ -0.0009 Tc 0.0144 Tw -23.7485 -1.5509 Td [(Pap)-4(i)2(n)-4(i)2(, L.; Rabin)-4(o)-4(,)-2( )6(G. A.; Co)-4(lo)-4(nn)-4(a, )6(A.; Di Stefano)-4(,)-2( )6(V.; Lo)]TJ -0.0008 Tc 23.479 0 Td [(m)11(b)-4(ardo)-4(, S. Learn)-4(i)2(ng)-4( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(to)-4(m)11(ata in)-4( a re)-6(al wo)-4(rl)8(d)-4(:)2( )]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.0988 Tw -23.479 -1.1437 Td [(th)-4(e case stud)-4(y)8( o)-4(f)-4( t)7(h)-4(e Ro)-4(m)10(e)-1( metro)-4(p)2(o)-4(litan)-4( area. In)-4(: Band)-4(i)7(n)-4(i,)]TJ -0.0007 Tc 0.098 Tw 24.1856 0 Td [( S.; Serra, )6(R; Liv)-4(eran)-4(i)2(, )6(F. S. ed. Cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)8(o)-4(m)11(ata)-6(:)-4( )]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.1152 Tw -24.1856 -1.1497 Td [(researc)7(h)-3( t)9(o)-3(wa)7(rds industry. )]TJ /TT23 1 Tf -0.004 Tc 0 Tw 11.0958 0 Td [(ACR)-4(I)-6(\2649)-7(6)]TJ /TT20 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.1168 Tw 3.5509 0 Td [(: )6(Pro)-4(c)-1(eed)-4(i)1(ng)-4(s )6(o)-4(f)2( th)-4(e )6(Th)-4(ird)-4( C)7(o)-4(nferen)-4(ce )6(o)-4(n)2( Cellu)-4(lar Au)-4(to)-4(m)10(a)-1(ta for Research )]TJ -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw -14.6467 -1.1497 Td [(an)-5(d Ind)-5(u)-5(s)-3(t)6(r)-5(y, Lo)-5(ndo)-5(n)-5(: )6(Spr)-5(ing)-5(er)-5(-V)-5(er)-5(lag)-5(,)-4( )6(p)-5(.)2( 165)-5(-18)-5(3)1(, )6(1)-5(998)-5(. )]TJ -0.0009 Tc 0.0263 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Po)-4(rt)8(ug)-4(ali, J.; Ben)-4(enson)-4(, )6(I.; Omer, I. City: th)]TJ 0.0012 Tc 0.0242 Tw 17.6766 0 Td [(e gree)8(ns a)8(nd t)10(h)4(e bl)4(ues. )6(I)5(n)-2(:)4( Po)4(r)5(t)4(ugal)4(i)4(, J. e)8(d)-2(. )]TJ /TT23 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc 0.0233 Tw 17.3892 0 Td [(Se)9(l)5(f)5(-org)5(a)5(n)-1(i)5(z)2(at)5(i)5(o)5(n)5( an)5(d t)5(h)-1(e )]TJ -0.002 Tc 0 Tw -35.0659 -1.1497 Td (city)Tj /TT20 1 Tf 0.0001 Tc 0.0014 Tw 1.4371 0 Td [(, Berlin: S)5(p)3(ringer)4(-Ve)7(r)-2(lag,)5( )6(chap.5, )6(1999. )]TJ -0.0004 Tc 0.0258 Tw -1.4371 -1.6467 Td [(Ru)-3(m)11(elh)-3(art, D. )6(E.; Hin)-3(t)8(o)-3(n)3(, G. )6(E.; )6(W)-9(illia)-6(m)11(s, )-6(R. J. L)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0275 Tw 20.2575 0 Td [(earn)-5(ing)-5( )6(represen)-5(tatio)-5(n)-5(s)4( b)-5(y)1( b)-5(a)-1(ck)-5(-p)-5(rop)-5(a)5(g)-5(a)-1(tio)-5(n)-5( errors, )]TJ /TT23 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 20.9641 0 Td [(Na)-4(tu)-4(re)]TJ /TT20 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc 0.0172 Tw 2.7784 0 Td [(, v.)7( )]TJ -0.002 Tc -0.0025 Tw -44 -1.1437 Td [(3)-5(2)1(3)-5(,)3( )-6(p. 5)-5(33-)-4(536)-5(, 19)-5(86)-5( )]TJ 0.0016 Tc 0.3472 Tw T* [(Whi)4(t)4(e)2(, R)4(. )6(W.)6(;)4( Engel)4(e)2(n)5(, G.)6( C)4(e)2(l)4(l)4(u)-1(l)4(a)2(r aut)4(o)-1(m)13(a)2(t)4(on as t)4(h)-1(e basi)4(s of i)4(n)-1(t)10(e)2(grat)4(e)8(d)-1( dy)5(na)8(m)7(i)4(c regi)4(onal)4( m)13(odel)4(l)4(i)4(ng,)6( )]TJ /TT23 1 Tf -0.0021 Tc 0.0036 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(En)-5(vironm)-4(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plann)-5(ing)-5( )6(B)]TJ /TT20 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw 12.4491 0 Td [(, v)-4(.)3(2)-4(4)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 23)-4(5-)-4(246)-4(, 19)-4(97)-4(. )]TJ -0.0011 Tc 0.0026 Tw -12.4491 -1.5449 Td [(Wo)-4(l)7(fram)10(,)-3( S. )6(Un)-4(iv)-4(ersality an)-4(d co)-4(m)10(p)-4(lex)-4(ity in)-4( )6(cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(mata, )]TJ /TT23 1 Tf -0.0004 Tc 0 Tw 25.1916 0 Td [(Physic)6(a)]TJ /TT20 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc -0.0018 Tw 3.1617 0 Td [(, )-6(v. )-6(10)-6(D, p)-6(.)-4( 1)-6(-)1(35)-6(, 1)-6(984)-6(. )]TJ 0 g ET /GS11 gs BT /T1_5 9 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 1 0 0 1 287.492 28.8 Tm (3704)Tj ET endstream endobj 299 0 obj 10626 endobj 300 0 obj << /Length 301 0 R >> stream /CS12 cs 0 0 0 sc 1 i /RelativeColorimetric ri /GS12 gs BT /TT24 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0294 Tw 12 0 0 12 106.38 731.7203 Tm [(The land us)5(e change simulations w)8(e)-1(re accom)8(p)1(lished by tw)8(o types of stochastic tran)6(sition )]TJ -0.0002 Tc 0.2502 Tw -1.775 -1.15 Td [(algorithm)8(s)-1( \226 \223expander\224 and \223patcher\224 \226 wh)]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.2479 Tw 19.315 0 Td (ich operate changes through expansion and )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1232 Tw -19.315 -1.15 Td [(diffusion, respectively. These sim)8(u)1(lations were )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.1244 Tw 19.76 0 Td (validated according to)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1195 Tw 9.145 0 Td [( a )-10(m)8(u)1(ltiple resolution)6( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.1646 Tw -28.905 -1.15 Td [(fitting m)8(e)-1(thod \(Constan)5(za, 1989\), and the va)]TJ 0.1638 Tw 18.875 0 Td [(lu)5(es obtained for windows 3x3, 5x5 and 9x9)5( )]TJ 0.0296 Tw -18.875 -1.15 Td (were 0.862682, 0.864872, and 0.864644, respectively for S1, S2, and S3. \ It is observable that )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1095 Tw 0 -1.15 TD [(the land use transitions com)8(p)1(ly with econom)]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.1105 Tw 18.55 0 Td (ic theories of urban growth and change)Tj /TT25 1 Tf 0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 503.04 662.7203 Tm (, )Tj /TT24 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 12 0 0 12 509.4 662.7203 Tm (which )Tj 0.0007 Tc 0.0003 Tw -35.36 -1.15 Td [(m)9(axi)-6(m)9(i)-1(ze consum)9(ers\264 and m)9(arkets\264 utilities in)]TJ 0.001 Tc -0.0017 Tw 18.53 0 Td [( te)5(rm)9(s of real s)5(t)-1(ate p)6(r)-1(ic)5(es a)5(nd access)5(i)-1(bility. )]TJ /TT25 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw -18.53 -2.16 Td (7.)Tj /TT26 1 Tf 0.75 0 Td ( )Tj /TT25 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 0.75 0 Td (Conclusions )Tj /TT24 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0024 Tw -1.5 -1.64 Td (Cities are open and non-linear co)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.0045 Tw 13.27 0 Td [(m)8(p)1(lex system)8(s. ANN though proved )]TJ 0.0009 Tc 0.0007 Tw 14.91 0 Td (to have the cap)Tj 0.0007 Tc -0.0007 Tw 6.03 0 Td (ability to )Tj 0.0002 Tc 0.1298 Tw -34.21 -1.15 Td (model non-linear features and handle well the )Tj 0.0001 Tc 19.49 0 Td [(uncertainties of spatial data. ANN h)-5(a)-1(ve two )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.0185 Tw -19.49 -1.15 Td [(m)8(a)-1(in disadvantages: they are black-box devises and )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0198 Tw 21.115 0 Td [(the user\264s intervention is still decisive for)-7( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.0896 Tw -21.115 -1.15 Td (the results quality. Further studies are needed )Tj 0.0897 Tw 19.025 0 Td (to assess the responsiveness of the simulation )Tj 0.0005 Tc -0.0011 Tw -19.025 -1.15 Td [(outputs in)6( face of changes in the type,)6( structur)]TJ 0.0007 Tc -0.0023 Tw 18.47 0 Td [(e an)6(d internal param)9(ete)]TJ 0.0004 Tc -0.0004 Tw 9.35 0 Td [(rs of the network.)5( )]TJ /TT25 1 Tf 0.0007 Tc 0 Tw -27.82 -2.16 Td [(References)5( )]TJ /TT24 1 Tf -0.0011 Tc 0.0146 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 504.3803 Tm [(Batty, M; Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, H.; Eichen)-4(, M. Urban)-4( )6(syste)-6(m)10(s as cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata,)]TJ /TT27 1 Tf -0.0022 Tc 0.0157 Tw 29 0 Td [( E)-8(n)-5(vironm)-5(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plan)-5(n)-5(i)6(ng)-5( B)]TJ /TT24 1 Tf 0.0025 Tc 0.011 Tw 12.7605 0 Td [(,)7( v.)7(2)6(4, )6(p.)13( )]TJ -0.0026 Tc -0.0019 Tw -41.7605 -1.1497 Td [(1)-6(59-)-5(164)-6(, 19)-6(97)-6(. )]TJ -0.0018 Tc 0.0811 Tw 0 -1.6467 TD [(Co)-5(n)-5(s)-2(tan)-5(za, R. )6(Mo)-5(d)-5(e)-1(l goo)-5(dn)-5(ess o)-5(f)-4( fit: a )-6(m)10(u)-5(ltip)-5(le reso)-5(lu)-5(tion p)-5(r)2(o)-5(cedu)-5(r)-4(e, )]TJ /TT27 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0817 Tw 28.9461 0 Td [(Eco)-5(log)-5(ica)-5(l Mod)-5(e)4(llin)-5(g)]TJ /TT24 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.0749 Tw 8.7545 0 Td [(, )-6(v)-4(.)3(47)-4(, p)-4(.)-3( 1)-4(99-)-4(215)-4(,)-9( )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0 Tw -37.7006 -1.1437 Td [(1)-4(989)-4(. )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0.062 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, )6(H. )6(Cellu)-4(lar wo)-4(rl)8(ds: a fram)11(ewo)-4(rk for m)11(o)-4(d)-4(ellin)-4(g micro)-4(-)-3(m)11(acro)-4( )6(d)-4(y)2(n)-4(am)11(i)2(cs, )]TJ /TT27 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0.0641 Tw 33.5569 0 Td [(En)-6(viro)-6(nm)-5(en)-6(ta)-6(l and)-6( Plann)-6(ing)-6( )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw -33.5569 -1.1497 Td (A)Tj /TT24 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw 0.6108 0 Td [(, v)-4(.)3(1)-4(7)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 58)-4(5-)-4(596)-4(, 19)-4(85)-4(. )]TJ -0.0005 Tc 0.0559 Tw -0.6108 -1.6467 Td [(Dead)-3(m)11(an)-3(,)-2( P.; )6(Brown, R. )6(D.; )6(Gim)11(b)-3(let)-4(t)2(, P. M)8(o)-3(d)-3(elling)-3( )6(rura)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0575 Tw 23.0838 0 Td [(l resid)-5(e)-1(n)-5(tial settle)-7(m)9(e)-1(n)-5(t p)-5(a)-1(tterns with)-5( cellu)-5(lar au)-5(to)-5(m)9(a)-1(ta,)-10( )]TJ /TT27 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc -0.0006 Tw -23.0838 -1.1497 Td [(Jou)5(r)2(n)5(a)-1(l)5( )6(of)5( Env)9(i)5(ron)5(me)9(n)-1(t)5(a)-1(l)5( M)9(a)5(na)5(ge)9(ment)]TJ /TT24 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 15.7784 0 Td [(, )-6( v)-5(.)-3( 37)-5(, p)-5(.)3( )-6(147)-5(-16)-5(0)1(, 1)-5(993)-5(. )]TJ 0.0017 Tc 0.0357 Tw -15.7784 -1.5449 Td [(Fi)4(sher)5(, M)5(. M)5(.;)10( Ab)5(ra)8(hart)4(, R)4(. J)8(. Ne)8(ur)5(oc)8(om)13(put)4(i)4(ng \226)5( t)4(o)5(ol)4(s f)5(o)-1(r )6(geo)5(g)5(r)-1(ap)5(her)5(s)2(. I)5(n)-1(:)4( O)5(p)-1(en)5(sha)8(w)-1(, )6(S.;)4( A)5(b)-1(ra)8(hart)4(, R)10(. J. \(e)8(ds)8(\))5(,)6( )]TJ /TT27 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(G)-5(e)-2(o)-6(c)4(om)-5(pu)-6(ta)-6(ti)6(o)-6(n)]TJ /TT24 1 Tf -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw 6.6527 0 Td [(, )6(N)-5(e)-2(w Yo)-5(rk)-5(:)6( Taylo)-5(r)-5( )6(& Fr)-5(ancis, ch)-5(ap)-5(.8)-5(, p. )6(1)-5(87-)-5(217)-5(, )6(20)-5(00)-5(. )]TJ -0.0013 Tc 0.0028 Tw -6.6527 -1.5449 Td [(Gong)-4(, P. In)-4(tegrated)-4( an)-4(alysis o)-4(f)-4( sp)-4(atial d)-4(a)-1(ta )-6(fro)-4(m)10( )-6(m)10(u)-10(ltip)]TJ -0.0016 Tc 0.0031 Tw 22.2096 0 Td [(le )-6(so)-5(urces: u)-5(s)-2(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( )6(ev)-5(id)-5(en)-5(tial reaso)-5(n)-5(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( an)-5(d)-5( artificial n)-5(e)-1(u)-5(r)-4(al)7( )]TJ 0.0019 Tc 0.0774 Tw -22.2096 -1.1497 Td [(net)4(w)6(or)6(k t)4(ech)5(ni)10(que)9(s f)6(o)-1(r )6(ge)9(ol)4(o)5(g)-1(i)4(cal)4( m)13(a)3(ppi)4(ng,)6( )]TJ /TT27 1 Tf 0.0012 Tc 0.0722 Tw 18.2455 0 Td [(Ph)4(ot)4(o)4(g)-2(ra)4(m)5(m)-1(e)8(t)4(ri)4(c )-6(Engi)10(neeri)4(ng a)4(nd Rem)5(o)-2(t)10(e)2( )-6(Sen)4(s)1(i)4(n)4(g)]TJ /TT24 1 Tf 0.002 Tc 0.0714 Tw 20.8862 0 Td [(, v. 6)5(2)-1(, p. 51)5(3)5(-)]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.003 Tw -39.1317 -1.1437 Td [(5)-4(2)2(3)-4(,)3( 199)-4(6. )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0.0087 Tw 0 -1.5509 TD [(Li, X.; )6(Yeh)-4(,)-3( )6(A. G. Calibration o)-4(f)3( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata b)-4(y)2( u)-4(s)]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0.0054 Tw 22.6527 0 Td [(i)5(n)-1(g)5( ne)9(ural)5( )6(net)5(w)6(or)6(ks )6(fo)5(r t)5(h)-1(e)9( si)5(m)14(u)-7(l)5(a)3(t)5(i)5(on o)5(f c)9(o)-1(m)14(p)-1(lex )6(ur)6(ban)11( )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0 Tw -22.6527 -1.1437 Td [(syste)-6(m)11(s, )]TJ /TT27 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0063 Tw 3.6587 0 Td [(Envi)4(r)8(o)-1(n)5(m)-1(e)9(n)-1(t)4(a)-1(l)4( an)5(d Pl)4(an)5(ni)4(n)5(g)-1( )-6(A)]TJ /TT24 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 12.4491 0 Td [(, v)-5(.)-3( 3)-5(3)1(, p)-5(.)-3( 14)-5(45-)-4(146)-5(2, 2)-5(001)-5(. )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0492 Tw -16.1078 -1.5509 Td [(Li, X.; )6(Ye)7(h, )6(A. G. Ne)7(ural-net)9(work-base)7(d)-3( cellular aut)9(o)-3(m)12(a)]TJ 0.0018 Tc 0.0476 Tw 23.1737 0 Td [(t)4(a)3( )-6(fo)5(r si)4(m)13(u)-1(l)4(a)3(t)4(i)4(ng m)13(u)-1(lt)4(i)4(p)-1(l)4(e)3( l)4(a)3(nd )6(use c)9(h)-1(an)5(ges )6(us)8(i)4(ng )6(GI)6(S)7(,)6( )]TJ /TT27 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0039 Tw -23.1737 -1.1437 Td [(In)-5(tern)-5(a)-5(tiona)-5(l Jo)-5(u)-5(r)4(na)-5(l )6(o)-5(f Geogra)-5(p)1(h)-5(ica)-5(l In)-5(fo)-5(rma)-5(tion)-5( )6(S)-5(c)-2(ience)]TJ /TT24 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc -0.003 Tw 23.7485 0 Td [(, )-6(v. 1)-4(6)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 32)-4(3-3)-4(4)2(3)-4(,)3( )-6(200)-4(2. )]TJ -0.0009 Tc 0.0144 Tw -23.7485 -1.5509 Td [(Pap)-4(i)2(n)-4(i)2(, L.; Rabin)-4(o)-4(,)-2( )6(G. A.; Co)-4(lo)-4(nn)-4(a, )6(A.; Di Stefano)-4(,)-2( )6(V.; Lo)]TJ -0.0008 Tc 23.479 0 Td [(m)11(b)-4(ardo)-4(, S. Learn)-4(i)2(ng)-4( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(to)-4(m)11(ata in)-4( a re)-6(al wo)-4(rl)8(d)-4(:)2( )]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.0988 Tw -23.479 -1.1437 Td [(th)-4(e case stud)-4(y)8( o)-4(f)-4( t)7(h)-4(e Ro)-4(m)10(e)-1( metro)-4(p)2(o)-4(litan)-4( area. In)-4(: Band)-4(i)7(n)-4(i,)]TJ -0.0007 Tc 0.098 Tw 24.1856 0 Td [( S.; Serra, )6(R; Liv)-4(eran)-4(i)2(, )6(F. S. ed. Cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)8(o)-4(m)11(ata)-6(:)-4( )]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.1152 Tw -24.1856 -1.1497 Td [(researc)7(h)-3( t)9(o)-3(wa)7(rds industry. )]TJ /TT27 1 Tf -0.004 Tc 0 Tw 11.0958 0 Td [(ACR)-4(I)-6(\2649)-7(6)]TJ /TT24 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.1168 Tw 3.5509 0 Td [(: )6(Pro)-4(c)-1(eed)-4(i)1(ng)-4(s )6(o)-4(f)2( th)-4(e )6(Th)-4(ird)-4( C)7(o)-4(nferen)-4(ce )6(o)-4(n)2( Cellu)-4(lar Au)-4(to)-4(m)10(a)-1(ta for Research )]TJ -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw -14.6467 -1.1497 Td [(an)-5(d Ind)-5(u)-5(s)-3(t)6(r)-5(y, Lo)-5(ndo)-5(n)-5(: )6(Spr)-5(ing)-5(er)-5(-V)-5(er)-5(lag)-5(,)-4( )6(p)-5(.)2( 165)-5(-18)-5(3)1(, )6(1)-5(998)-5(. )]TJ -0.0009 Tc 0.0263 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Po)-4(rt)8(ug)-4(ali, J.; Ben)-4(enson)-4(, )6(I.; Omer, I. City: th)]TJ 0.0012 Tc 0.0242 Tw 17.6766 0 Td [(e gree)8(ns a)8(nd t)10(h)4(e bl)4(ues. )6(I)5(n)-2(:)4( Po)4(r)5(t)4(ugal)4(i)4(, J. e)8(d)-2(. )]TJ /TT27 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc 0.0233 Tw 17.3892 0 Td [(Se)9(l)5(f)5(-org)5(a)5(n)-1(i)5(z)2(at)5(i)5(o)5(n)5( an)5(d t)5(h)-1(e )]TJ -0.002 Tc 0 Tw -35.0659 -1.1497 Td (city)Tj /TT24 1 Tf 0.0001 Tc 0.0014 Tw 1.4371 0 Td [(, Berlin: S)5(p)3(ringer)4(-Ve)7(r)-2(lag,)5( )6(chap.5, )6(1999. )]TJ -0.0004 Tc 0.0258 Tw -1.4371 -1.6467 Td [(Ru)-3(m)11(elh)-3(art, D. )6(E.; Hin)-3(t)8(o)-3(n)3(, G. )6(E.; )6(W)-9(illia)-6(m)11(s, )-6(R. J. L)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0275 Tw 20.2575 0 Td [(earn)-5(ing)-5( )6(represen)-5(tatio)-5(n)-5(s)4( b)-5(y)1( b)-5(a)-1(ck)-5(-p)-5(rop)-5(a)5(g)-5(a)-1(tio)-5(n)-5( errors, )]TJ /TT27 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 20.9641 0 Td [(Na)-4(tu)-4(re)]TJ /TT24 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc 0.0172 Tw 2.7784 0 Td [(, v.)7( )]TJ -0.002 Tc -0.0025 Tw -44 -1.1437 Td [(3)-5(2)1(3)-5(,)3( )-6(p. 5)-5(33-)-4(536)-5(, 19)-5(86)-5( )]TJ 0.0016 Tc 0.3472 Tw T* [(Whi)4(t)4(e)2(, R)4(. )6(W.)6(;)4( Engel)4(e)2(n)5(, G.)6( C)4(e)2(l)4(l)4(u)-1(l)4(a)2(r aut)4(o)-1(m)13(a)2(t)4(on as t)4(h)-1(e basi)4(s of i)4(n)-1(t)10(e)2(grat)4(e)8(d)-1( dy)5(na)8(m)7(i)4(c regi)4(onal)4( m)13(odel)4(l)4(i)4(ng,)6( )]TJ /TT27 1 Tf -0.0021 Tc 0.0036 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(En)-5(vironm)-4(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plann)-5(ing)-5( )6(B)]TJ /TT24 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw 12.4491 0 Td [(, v)-4(.)3(2)-4(4)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 23)-4(5-)-4(246)-4(, 19)-4(97)-4(. )]TJ 0 g ET /GS13 gs BT /T1_6 9 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 1 0 0 1 287.492 28.8 Tm (3704)Tj ET endstream endobj 301 0 obj 10275 endobj 302 0 obj << /Length 303 0 R >> stream /CS14 cs 0 0 0 sc 1 i /RelativeColorimetric ri /GS14 gs BT /TT28 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0294 Tw 12 0 0 12 106.38 731.7203 Tm [(The land us)5(e change simulations w)8(e)-1(re accom)8(p)1(lished by tw)8(o types of stochastic tran)6(sition )]TJ -0.0002 Tc 0.2502 Tw -1.775 -1.15 Td [(algorithm)8(s)-1( \226 \223expander\224 and \223patcher\224 \226 wh)]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.2479 Tw 19.315 0 Td (ich operate changes through expansion and )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1232 Tw -19.315 -1.15 Td [(diffusion, respectively. These sim)8(u)1(lations were )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.1244 Tw 19.76 0 Td (validated according to)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1195 Tw 9.145 0 Td [( a )-10(m)8(u)1(ltiple resolution)6( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.1646 Tw -28.905 -1.15 Td [(fitting m)8(e)-1(thod \(Constan)5(za, 1989\), and the va)]TJ 0.1638 Tw 18.875 0 Td [(lu)5(es obtained for windows 3x3, 5x5 and 9x9)5( )]TJ 0.0296 Tw -18.875 -1.15 Td (were 0.862682, 0.864872, and 0.864644, respectively for S1, S2, and S3. \ It is observable that )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1095 Tw 0 -1.15 TD [(the land use transitions com)8(p)1(ly with econom)]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.1105 Tw 18.55 0 Td (ic theories of urban growth and change)Tj /TT29 1 Tf 0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 503.04 662.7203 Tm (, )Tj /TT28 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 12 0 0 12 509.4 662.7203 Tm (which )Tj 0.0007 Tc 0.0003 Tw -35.36 -1.15 Td [(m)9(axi)-6(m)9(i)-1(ze consum)9(ers\264 and m)9(arkets\264 utilities in)]TJ 0.001 Tc -0.0017 Tw 18.53 0 Td [( te)5(rm)9(s of real s)5(t)-1(ate p)6(r)-1(ic)5(es a)5(nd access)5(i)-1(bility. )]TJ /TT29 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw -18.53 -2.16 Td (7.)Tj /TT30 1 Tf 0.75 0 Td ( )Tj /TT29 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 0.75 0 Td (Conclusions )Tj /TT28 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0024 Tw -1.5 -1.64 Td (Cities are open and non-linear co)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.0045 Tw 13.27 0 Td [(m)8(p)1(lex system)8(s. ANN though proved )]TJ 0.0009 Tc 0.0007 Tw 14.91 0 Td (to have the cap)Tj 0.0007 Tc -0.0007 Tw 6.03 0 Td (ability to )Tj 0.0002 Tc 0.1298 Tw -34.21 -1.15 Td (model non-linear features and handle well the )Tj 0.0001 Tc 19.49 0 Td [(uncertainties of spatial data. ANN h)-5(a)-1(ve two )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.0185 Tw -19.49 -1.15 Td [(m)8(a)-1(in disadvantages: they are black-box devises and )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0198 Tw 21.115 0 Td [(the user\264s intervention is still decisive for)-7( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.0896 Tw -21.115 -1.15 Td (the results quality. Further studies are needed )Tj 0.0897 Tw 19.025 0 Td (to assess the responsiveness of the simulation )Tj 0.0005 Tc -0.0011 Tw -19.025 -1.15 Td [(outputs in)6( face of changes in the type,)6( structur)]TJ 0.0007 Tc -0.0023 Tw 18.47 0 Td [(e an)6(d internal param)9(ete)]TJ 0.0004 Tc -0.0004 Tw 9.35 0 Td [(rs of the network.)5( )]TJ /TT29 1 Tf 0.0007 Tc 0 Tw -27.82 -2.16 Td [(References)5( )]TJ /TT28 1 Tf -0.0011 Tc 0.0146 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 504.3803 Tm [(Batty, M; Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, H.; Eichen)-4(, M. Urban)-4( )6(syste)-6(m)10(s as cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata,)]TJ /TT31 1 Tf -0.0022 Tc 0.0157 Tw 29 0 Td [( E)-8(n)-5(vironm)-5(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plan)-5(n)-5(i)6(ng)-5( B)]TJ /TT28 1 Tf 0.0025 Tc 0.011 Tw 12.7605 0 Td [(,)7( v.)7(2)6(4, )6(p.)13( )]TJ -0.0026 Tc -0.0019 Tw -41.7605 -1.1497 Td [(1)-6(59-)-5(164)-6(, 19)-6(97)-6(. )]TJ -0.0018 Tc 0.0811 Tw 0 -1.6467 TD [(Co)-5(n)-5(s)-2(tan)-5(za, R. )6(Mo)-5(d)-5(e)-1(l goo)-5(dn)-5(ess o)-5(f)-4( fit: a )-6(m)10(u)-5(ltip)-5(le reso)-5(lu)-5(tion p)-5(r)2(o)-5(cedu)-5(r)-4(e, )]TJ /TT31 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0817 Tw 28.9461 0 Td [(Eco)-5(log)-5(ica)-5(l Mod)-5(e)4(llin)-5(g)]TJ /TT28 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.0749 Tw 8.7545 0 Td [(, )-6(v)-4(.)3(47)-4(, p)-4(.)-3( 1)-4(99-)-4(215)-4(,)-9( )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0 Tw -37.7006 -1.1437 Td [(1)-4(989)-4(. )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0.062 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, )6(H. )6(Cellu)-4(lar wo)-4(rl)8(ds: a fram)11(ewo)-4(rk for m)11(o)-4(d)-4(ellin)-4(g micro)-4(-)-3(m)11(acro)-4( )6(d)-4(y)2(n)-4(am)11(i)2(cs, )]TJ /TT31 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0.0641 Tw 33.5569 0 Td [(En)-6(viro)-6(nm)-5(en)-6(ta)-6(l and)-6( Plann)-6(ing)-6( )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw -33.5569 -1.1497 Td (A)Tj /TT28 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw 0.6108 0 Td [(, v)-4(.)3(1)-4(7)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 58)-4(5-)-4(596)-4(, 19)-4(85)-4(. )]TJ -0.0005 Tc 0.0559 Tw -0.6108 -1.6467 Td [(Dead)-3(m)11(an)-3(,)-2( P.; )6(Brown, R. )6(D.; )6(Gim)11(b)-3(let)-4(t)2(, P. M)8(o)-3(d)-3(elling)-3( )6(rura)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0575 Tw 23.0838 0 Td [(l resid)-5(e)-1(n)-5(tial settle)-7(m)9(e)-1(n)-5(t p)-5(a)-1(tterns with)-5( cellu)-5(lar au)-5(to)-5(m)9(a)-1(ta,)-10( )]TJ /TT31 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc -0.0006 Tw -23.0838 -1.1497 Td [(Jou)5(r)2(n)5(a)-1(l)5( )6(of)5( Env)9(i)5(ron)5(me)9(n)-1(t)5(a)-1(l)5( M)9(a)5(na)5(ge)9(ment)]TJ /TT28 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 15.7784 0 Td [(, )-6( v)-5(.)-3( 37)-5(, p)-5(.)3( )-6(147)-5(-16)-5(0)1(, 1)-5(993)-5(. )]TJ 0.0017 Tc 0.0357 Tw -15.7784 -1.5449 Td [(Fi)4(sher)5(, M)5(. M)5(.;)10( Ab)5(ra)8(hart)4(, R)4(. J)8(. Ne)8(ur)5(oc)8(om)13(put)4(i)4(ng \226)5( t)4(o)5(ol)4(s f)5(o)-1(r )6(geo)5(g)5(r)-1(ap)5(her)5(s)2(. I)5(n)-1(:)4( O)5(p)-1(en)5(sha)8(w)-1(, )6(S.;)4( A)5(b)-1(ra)8(hart)4(, R)10(. J. \(e)8(ds)8(\))5(,)6( )]TJ /TT31 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(G)-5(e)-2(o)-6(c)4(om)-5(pu)-6(ta)-6(ti)6(o)-6(n)]TJ /TT28 1 Tf -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw 6.6527 0 Td [(, )6(N)-5(e)-2(w Yo)-5(rk)-5(:)6( Taylo)-5(r)-5( )6(& Fr)-5(ancis, ch)-5(ap)-5(.8)-5(, p. )6(1)-5(87-)-5(217)-5(, )6(20)-5(00)-5(. )]TJ -0.0013 Tc 0.0028 Tw -6.6527 -1.5449 Td [(Gong)-4(, P. In)-4(tegrated)-4( an)-4(alysis o)-4(f)-4( sp)-4(atial d)-4(a)-1(ta )-6(fro)-4(m)10( )-6(m)10(u)-10(ltip)]TJ -0.0016 Tc 0.0031 Tw 22.2096 0 Td [(le )-6(so)-5(urces: u)-5(s)-2(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( )6(ev)-5(id)-5(en)-5(tial reaso)-5(n)-5(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( an)-5(d)-5( artificial n)-5(e)-1(u)-5(r)-4(al)7( )]TJ 0.0019 Tc 0.0774 Tw -22.2096 -1.1497 Td [(net)4(w)6(or)6(k t)4(ech)5(ni)10(que)9(s f)6(o)-1(r )6(ge)9(ol)4(o)5(g)-1(i)4(cal)4( m)13(a)3(ppi)4(ng,)6( )]TJ /TT31 1 Tf 0.0012 Tc 0.0722 Tw 18.2455 0 Td [(Ph)4(ot)4(o)4(g)-2(ra)4(m)5(m)-1(e)8(t)4(ri)4(c )-6(Engi)10(neeri)4(ng a)4(nd Rem)5(o)-2(t)10(e)2( )-6(Sen)4(s)1(i)4(n)4(g)]TJ /TT28 1 Tf 0.002 Tc 0.0714 Tw 20.8862 0 Td [(, v. 6)5(2)-1(, p. 51)5(3)5(-)]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.003 Tw -39.1317 -1.1437 Td [(5)-4(2)2(3)-4(,)3( 199)-4(6. )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0.0087 Tw 0 -1.5509 TD [(Li, X.; )6(Yeh)-4(,)-3( )6(A. G. Calibration o)-4(f)3( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata b)-4(y)2( u)-4(s)]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0.0054 Tw 22.6527 0 Td [(i)5(n)-1(g)5( ne)9(ural)5( )6(net)5(w)6(or)6(ks )6(fo)5(r t)5(h)-1(e)9( si)5(m)14(u)-7(l)5(a)3(t)5(i)5(on o)5(f c)9(o)-1(m)14(p)-1(lex )6(ur)6(ban)11( )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0 Tw -22.6527 -1.1437 Td [(syste)-6(m)11(s, )]TJ /TT31 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0063 Tw 3.6587 0 Td [(Envi)4(r)8(o)-1(n)5(m)-1(e)9(n)-1(t)4(a)-1(l)4( an)5(d Pl)4(an)5(ni)4(n)5(g)-1( )-6(A)]TJ /TT28 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 12.4491 0 Td [(, v)-5(.)-3( 3)-5(3)1(, p)-5(.)-3( 14)-5(45-)-4(146)-5(2, 2)-5(001)-5(. )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0492 Tw -16.1078 -1.5509 Td [(Li, X.; )6(Ye)7(h, )6(A. G. Ne)7(ural-net)9(work-base)7(d)-3( cellular aut)9(o)-3(m)12(a)]TJ 0.0018 Tc 0.0476 Tw 23.1737 0 Td [(t)4(a)3( )-6(fo)5(r si)4(m)13(u)-1(l)4(a)3(t)4(i)4(ng m)13(u)-1(lt)4(i)4(p)-1(l)4(e)3( l)4(a)3(nd )6(use c)9(h)-1(an)5(ges )6(us)8(i)4(ng )6(GI)6(S)7(,)6( )]TJ /TT31 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0039 Tw -23.1737 -1.1437 Td [(In)-5(tern)-5(a)-5(tiona)-5(l Jo)-5(u)-5(r)4(na)-5(l )6(o)-5(f Geogra)-5(p)1(h)-5(ica)-5(l In)-5(fo)-5(rma)-5(tion)-5( )6(S)-5(c)-2(ience)]TJ /TT28 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc -0.003 Tw 23.7485 0 Td [(, )-6(v. 1)-4(6)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 32)-4(3-3)-4(4)2(3)-4(,)3( )-6(200)-4(2. )]TJ -0.0009 Tc 0.0144 Tw -23.7485 -1.5509 Td [(Pap)-4(i)2(n)-4(i)2(, L.; Rabin)-4(o)-4(,)-2( )6(G. A.; Co)-4(lo)-4(nn)-4(a, )6(A.; Di Stefano)-4(,)-2( )6(V.; Lo)]TJ -0.0008 Tc 23.479 0 Td [(m)11(b)-4(ardo)-4(, S. Learn)-4(i)2(ng)-4( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(to)-4(m)11(ata in)-4( a re)-6(al wo)-4(rl)8(d)-4(:)2( )]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.0988 Tw -23.479 -1.1437 Td [(th)-4(e case stud)-4(y)8( o)-4(f)-4( t)7(h)-4(e Ro)-4(m)10(e)-1( metro)-4(p)2(o)-4(litan)-4( area. In)-4(: Band)-4(i)7(n)-4(i,)]TJ -0.0007 Tc 0.098 Tw 24.1856 0 Td [( S.; Serra, )6(R; Liv)-4(eran)-4(i)2(, )6(F. S. ed. Cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)8(o)-4(m)11(ata)-6(:)-4( )]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.1152 Tw -24.1856 -1.1497 Td [(researc)7(h)-3( t)9(o)-3(wa)7(rds industry. )]TJ /TT31 1 Tf -0.004 Tc 0 Tw 11.0958 0 Td [(ACR)-4(I)-6(\2649)-7(6)]TJ /TT28 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.1168 Tw 3.5509 0 Td [(: )6(Pro)-4(c)-1(eed)-4(i)1(ng)-4(s )6(o)-4(f)2( th)-4(e )6(Th)-4(ird)-4( C)7(o)-4(nferen)-4(ce )6(o)-4(n)2( Cellu)-4(lar Au)-4(to)-4(m)10(a)-1(ta for Research )]TJ -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw -14.6467 -1.1497 Td [(an)-5(d Ind)-5(u)-5(s)-3(t)6(r)-5(y, Lo)-5(ndo)-5(n)-5(: )6(Spr)-5(ing)-5(er)-5(-V)-5(er)-5(lag)-5(,)-4( )6(p)-5(.)2( 165)-5(-18)-5(3)1(, )6(1)-5(998)-5(. )]TJ -0.0009 Tc 0.0263 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Po)-4(rt)8(ug)-4(ali, J.; Ben)-4(enson)-4(, )6(I.; Omer, I. City: th)]TJ 0.0012 Tc 0.0242 Tw 17.6766 0 Td [(e gree)8(ns a)8(nd t)10(h)4(e bl)4(ues. )6(I)5(n)-2(:)4( Po)4(r)5(t)4(ugal)4(i)4(, J. e)8(d)-2(. )]TJ /TT31 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc 0.0233 Tw 17.3892 0 Td [(Se)9(l)5(f)5(-org)5(a)5(n)-1(i)5(z)2(at)5(i)5(o)5(n)5( an)5(d t)5(h)-1(e )]TJ -0.002 Tc 0 Tw -35.0659 -1.1497 Td (city)Tj /TT28 1 Tf 0.0001 Tc 0.0014 Tw 1.4371 0 Td [(, Berlin: S)5(p)3(ringer)4(-Ve)7(r)-2(lag,)5( )6(chap.5, )6(1999. )]TJ -0.0004 Tc 0.0258 Tw -1.4371 -1.6467 Td [(Ru)-3(m)11(elh)-3(art, D. )6(E.; Hin)-3(t)8(o)-3(n)3(, G. )6(E.; )6(W)-9(illia)-6(m)11(s, )-6(R. J. L)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0275 Tw 20.2575 0 Td [(earn)-5(ing)-5( )6(represen)-5(tatio)-5(n)-5(s)4( b)-5(y)1( b)-5(a)-1(ck)-5(-p)-5(rop)-5(a)5(g)-5(a)-1(tio)-5(n)-5( errors, )]TJ /TT31 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 20.9641 0 Td [(Na)-4(tu)-4(re)]TJ /TT28 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc 0.0172 Tw 2.7784 0 Td [(, v.)7( )]TJ -0.002 Tc -0.0025 Tw -44 -1.1437 Td [(3)-5(2)1(3)-5(,)3( )-6(p. 5)-5(33-)-4(536)-5(, 19)-5(86)-5( )]TJ 0.0016 Tc 0.3472 Tw T* [(Whi)4(t)4(e)2(, R)4(. )6(W.)6(;)4( Engel)4(e)2(n)5(, G.)6( C)4(e)2(l)4(l)4(u)-1(l)4(a)2(r aut)4(o)-1(m)13(a)2(t)4(on as t)4(h)-1(e basi)4(s of i)4(n)-1(t)10(e)2(grat)4(e)8(d)-1( dy)5(na)8(m)7(i)4(c regi)4(onal)4( m)13(odel)4(l)4(i)4(ng,)6( )]TJ 0 g ET /GS15 gs BT /T1_7 9 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 1 0 0 1 287.492 28.8 Tm (3704)Tj ET endstream endobj 303 0 obj 10040 endobj 304 0 obj << /Length 305 0 R >> stream /CS16 cs 0 0 0 sc 1 i /RelativeColorimetric ri /GS16 gs BT /TT32 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0294 Tw 12 0 0 12 106.38 731.7203 Tm [(The land us)5(e change simulations w)8(e)-1(re accom)8(p)1(lished by tw)8(o types of stochastic tran)6(sition )]TJ -0.0002 Tc 0.2502 Tw -1.775 -1.15 Td [(algorithm)8(s)-1( \226 \223expander\224 and \223patcher\224 \226 wh)]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.2479 Tw 19.315 0 Td (ich operate changes through expansion and )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1232 Tw -19.315 -1.15 Td [(diffusion, respectively. These sim)8(u)1(lations were )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.1244 Tw 19.76 0 Td (validated according to)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1195 Tw 9.145 0 Td [( a )-10(m)8(u)1(ltiple resolution)6( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.1646 Tw -28.905 -1.15 Td [(fitting m)8(e)-1(thod \(Constan)5(za, 1989\), and the va)]TJ 0.1638 Tw 18.875 0 Td [(lu)5(es obtained for windows 3x3, 5x5 and 9x9)5( )]TJ 0.0296 Tw -18.875 -1.15 Td (were 0.862682, 0.864872, and 0.864644, respectively for S1, S2, and S3. \ It is observable that )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1095 Tw 0 -1.15 TD [(the land use transitions com)8(p)1(ly with econom)]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.1105 Tw 18.55 0 Td (ic theories of urban growth and change)Tj /TT33 1 Tf 0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 503.04 662.7203 Tm (, )Tj /TT32 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 12 0 0 12 509.4 662.7203 Tm (which )Tj 0.0007 Tc 0.0003 Tw -35.36 -1.15 Td [(m)9(axi)-6(m)9(i)-1(ze consum)9(ers\264 and m)9(arkets\264 utilities in)]TJ 0.001 Tc -0.0017 Tw 18.53 0 Td [( te)5(rm)9(s of real s)5(t)-1(ate p)6(r)-1(ic)5(es a)5(nd access)5(i)-1(bility. )]TJ /TT33 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw -18.53 -2.16 Td (7.)Tj /TT34 1 Tf 0.75 0 Td ( )Tj /TT33 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 0.75 0 Td (Conclusions )Tj /TT32 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0024 Tw -1.5 -1.64 Td (Cities are open and non-linear co)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.0045 Tw 13.27 0 Td [(m)8(p)1(lex system)8(s. ANN though proved )]TJ 0.0009 Tc 0.0007 Tw 14.91 0 Td (to have the cap)Tj 0.0007 Tc -0.0007 Tw 6.03 0 Td (ability to )Tj 0.0002 Tc 0.1298 Tw -34.21 -1.15 Td (model non-linear features and handle well the )Tj 0.0001 Tc 19.49 0 Td [(uncertainties of spatial data. ANN h)-5(a)-1(ve two )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.0185 Tw -19.49 -1.15 Td [(m)8(a)-1(in disadvantages: they are black-box devises and )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0198 Tw 21.115 0 Td [(the user\264s intervention is still decisive for)-7( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.0896 Tw -21.115 -1.15 Td (the results quality. Further studies are needed )Tj 0.0897 Tw 19.025 0 Td (to assess the responsiveness of the simulation )Tj 0.0005 Tc -0.0011 Tw -19.025 -1.15 Td [(outputs in)6( face of changes in the type,)6( structur)]TJ 0.0007 Tc -0.0023 Tw 18.47 0 Td [(e an)6(d internal param)9(ete)]TJ 0.0004 Tc -0.0004 Tw 9.35 0 Td [(rs of the network.)5( )]TJ /TT33 1 Tf 0.0007 Tc 0 Tw -27.82 -2.16 Td [(References)5( )]TJ /TT32 1 Tf -0.0011 Tc 0.0146 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 504.3803 Tm [(Batty, M; Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, H.; Eichen)-4(, M. Urban)-4( )6(syste)-6(m)10(s as cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata,)]TJ /TT35 1 Tf -0.0022 Tc 0.0157 Tw 29 0 Td [( E)-8(n)-5(vironm)-5(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plan)-5(n)-5(i)6(ng)-5( B)]TJ /TT32 1 Tf 0.0025 Tc 0.011 Tw 12.7605 0 Td [(,)7( v.)7(2)6(4, )6(p.)13( )]TJ -0.0026 Tc -0.0019 Tw -41.7605 -1.1497 Td [(1)-6(59-)-5(164)-6(, 19)-6(97)-6(. )]TJ -0.0018 Tc 0.0811 Tw 0 -1.6467 TD [(Co)-5(n)-5(s)-2(tan)-5(za, R. )6(Mo)-5(d)-5(e)-1(l goo)-5(dn)-5(ess o)-5(f)-4( fit: a )-6(m)10(u)-5(ltip)-5(le reso)-5(lu)-5(tion p)-5(r)2(o)-5(cedu)-5(r)-4(e, )]TJ /TT35 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0817 Tw 28.9461 0 Td [(Eco)-5(log)-5(ica)-5(l Mod)-5(e)4(llin)-5(g)]TJ /TT32 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.0749 Tw 8.7545 0 Td [(, )-6(v)-4(.)3(47)-4(, p)-4(.)-3( 1)-4(99-)-4(215)-4(,)-9( )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0 Tw -37.7006 -1.1437 Td [(1)-4(989)-4(. )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0.062 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, )6(H. )6(Cellu)-4(lar wo)-4(rl)8(ds: a fram)11(ewo)-4(rk for m)11(o)-4(d)-4(ellin)-4(g micro)-4(-)-3(m)11(acro)-4( )6(d)-4(y)2(n)-4(am)11(i)2(cs, )]TJ /TT35 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0.0641 Tw 33.5569 0 Td [(En)-6(viro)-6(nm)-5(en)-6(ta)-6(l and)-6( Plann)-6(ing)-6( )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw -33.5569 -1.1497 Td (A)Tj /TT32 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw 0.6108 0 Td [(, v)-4(.)3(1)-4(7)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 58)-4(5-)-4(596)-4(, 19)-4(85)-4(. )]TJ -0.0005 Tc 0.0559 Tw -0.6108 -1.6467 Td [(Dead)-3(m)11(an)-3(,)-2( P.; )6(Brown, R. )6(D.; )6(Gim)11(b)-3(let)-4(t)2(, P. M)8(o)-3(d)-3(elling)-3( )6(rura)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0575 Tw 23.0838 0 Td [(l resid)-5(e)-1(n)-5(tial settle)-7(m)9(e)-1(n)-5(t p)-5(a)-1(tterns with)-5( cellu)-5(lar au)-5(to)-5(m)9(a)-1(ta,)-10( )]TJ /TT35 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc -0.0006 Tw -23.0838 -1.1497 Td [(Jou)5(r)2(n)5(a)-1(l)5( )6(of)5( Env)9(i)5(ron)5(me)9(n)-1(t)5(a)-1(l)5( M)9(a)5(na)5(ge)9(ment)]TJ /TT32 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 15.7784 0 Td [(, )-6( v)-5(.)-3( 37)-5(, p)-5(.)3( )-6(147)-5(-16)-5(0)1(, 1)-5(993)-5(. )]TJ 0.0017 Tc 0.0357 Tw -15.7784 -1.5449 Td [(Fi)4(sher)5(, M)5(. M)5(.;)10( Ab)5(ra)8(hart)4(, R)4(. J)8(. Ne)8(ur)5(oc)8(om)13(put)4(i)4(ng \226)5( t)4(o)5(ol)4(s f)5(o)-1(r )6(geo)5(g)5(r)-1(ap)5(her)5(s)2(. I)5(n)-1(:)4( O)5(p)-1(en)5(sha)8(w)-1(, )6(S.;)4( A)5(b)-1(ra)8(hart)4(, R)10(. J. \(e)8(ds)8(\))5(,)6( )]TJ /TT35 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(G)-5(e)-2(o)-6(c)4(om)-5(pu)-6(ta)-6(ti)6(o)-6(n)]TJ /TT32 1 Tf -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw 6.6527 0 Td [(, )6(N)-5(e)-2(w Yo)-5(rk)-5(:)6( Taylo)-5(r)-5( )6(& Fr)-5(ancis, ch)-5(ap)-5(.8)-5(, p. )6(1)-5(87-)-5(217)-5(, )6(20)-5(00)-5(. )]TJ -0.0013 Tc 0.0028 Tw -6.6527 -1.5449 Td [(Gong)-4(, P. In)-4(tegrated)-4( an)-4(alysis o)-4(f)-4( sp)-4(atial d)-4(a)-1(ta )-6(fro)-4(m)10( )-6(m)10(u)-10(ltip)]TJ -0.0016 Tc 0.0031 Tw 22.2096 0 Td [(le )-6(so)-5(urces: u)-5(s)-2(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( )6(ev)-5(id)-5(en)-5(tial reaso)-5(n)-5(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( an)-5(d)-5( artificial n)-5(e)-1(u)-5(r)-4(al)7( )]TJ 0.0019 Tc 0.0774 Tw -22.2096 -1.1497 Td [(net)4(w)6(or)6(k t)4(ech)5(ni)10(que)9(s f)6(o)-1(r )6(ge)9(ol)4(o)5(g)-1(i)4(cal)4( m)13(a)3(ppi)4(ng,)6( )]TJ /TT35 1 Tf 0.0012 Tc 0.0722 Tw 18.2455 0 Td [(Ph)4(ot)4(o)4(g)-2(ra)4(m)5(m)-1(e)8(t)4(ri)4(c )-6(Engi)10(neeri)4(ng a)4(nd Rem)5(o)-2(t)10(e)2( )-6(Sen)4(s)1(i)4(n)4(g)]TJ /TT32 1 Tf 0.002 Tc 0.0714 Tw 20.8862 0 Td [(, v. 6)5(2)-1(, p. 51)5(3)5(-)]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.003 Tw -39.1317 -1.1437 Td [(5)-4(2)2(3)-4(,)3( 199)-4(6. )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0.0087 Tw 0 -1.5509 TD [(Li, X.; )6(Yeh)-4(,)-3( )6(A. G. Calibration o)-4(f)3( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata b)-4(y)2( u)-4(s)]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0.0054 Tw 22.6527 0 Td [(i)5(n)-1(g)5( ne)9(ural)5( )6(net)5(w)6(or)6(ks )6(fo)5(r t)5(h)-1(e)9( si)5(m)14(u)-7(l)5(a)3(t)5(i)5(on o)5(f c)9(o)-1(m)14(p)-1(lex )6(ur)6(ban)11( )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0 Tw -22.6527 -1.1437 Td [(syste)-6(m)11(s, )]TJ /TT35 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0063 Tw 3.6587 0 Td [(Envi)4(r)8(o)-1(n)5(m)-1(e)9(n)-1(t)4(a)-1(l)4( an)5(d Pl)4(an)5(ni)4(n)5(g)-1( )-6(A)]TJ /TT32 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 12.4491 0 Td [(, v)-5(.)-3( 3)-5(3)1(, p)-5(.)-3( 14)-5(45-)-4(146)-5(2, 2)-5(001)-5(. )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0492 Tw -16.1078 -1.5509 Td [(Li, X.; )6(Ye)7(h, )6(A. G. Ne)7(ural-net)9(work-base)7(d)-3( cellular aut)9(o)-3(m)12(a)]TJ 0.0018 Tc 0.0476 Tw 23.1737 0 Td [(t)4(a)3( )-6(fo)5(r si)4(m)13(u)-1(l)4(a)3(t)4(i)4(ng m)13(u)-1(lt)4(i)4(p)-1(l)4(e)3( l)4(a)3(nd )6(use c)9(h)-1(an)5(ges )6(us)8(i)4(ng )6(GI)6(S)7(,)6( )]TJ /TT35 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0039 Tw -23.1737 -1.1437 Td [(In)-5(tern)-5(a)-5(tiona)-5(l Jo)-5(u)-5(r)4(na)-5(l )6(o)-5(f Geogra)-5(p)1(h)-5(ica)-5(l In)-5(fo)-5(rma)-5(tion)-5( )6(S)-5(c)-2(ience)]TJ /TT32 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc -0.003 Tw 23.7485 0 Td [(, )-6(v. 1)-4(6)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 32)-4(3-3)-4(4)2(3)-4(,)3( )-6(200)-4(2. )]TJ -0.0009 Tc 0.0144 Tw -23.7485 -1.5509 Td [(Pap)-4(i)2(n)-4(i)2(, L.; Rabin)-4(o)-4(,)-2( )6(G. A.; Co)-4(lo)-4(nn)-4(a, )6(A.; Di Stefano)-4(,)-2( )6(V.; Lo)]TJ -0.0008 Tc 23.479 0 Td [(m)11(b)-4(ardo)-4(, S. Learn)-4(i)2(ng)-4( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(to)-4(m)11(ata in)-4( a re)-6(al wo)-4(rl)8(d)-4(:)2( )]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.0988 Tw -23.479 -1.1437 Td [(th)-4(e case stud)-4(y)8( o)-4(f)-4( t)7(h)-4(e Ro)-4(m)10(e)-1( metro)-4(p)2(o)-4(litan)-4( area. In)-4(: Band)-4(i)7(n)-4(i,)]TJ -0.0007 Tc 0.098 Tw 24.1856 0 Td [( S.; Serra, )6(R; Liv)-4(eran)-4(i)2(, )6(F. S. ed. Cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)8(o)-4(m)11(ata)-6(:)-4( )]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.1152 Tw -24.1856 -1.1497 Td [(researc)7(h)-3( t)9(o)-3(wa)7(rds industry. )]TJ /TT35 1 Tf -0.004 Tc 0 Tw 11.0958 0 Td [(ACR)-4(I)-6(\2649)-7(6)]TJ /TT32 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.1168 Tw 3.5509 0 Td [(: )6(Pro)-4(c)-1(eed)-4(i)1(ng)-4(s )6(o)-4(f)2( th)-4(e )6(Th)-4(ird)-4( C)7(o)-4(nferen)-4(ce )6(o)-4(n)2( Cellu)-4(lar Au)-4(to)-4(m)10(a)-1(ta for Research )]TJ -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw -14.6467 -1.1497 Td [(an)-5(d Ind)-5(u)-5(s)-3(t)6(r)-5(y, Lo)-5(ndo)-5(n)-5(: )6(Spr)-5(ing)-5(er)-5(-V)-5(er)-5(lag)-5(,)-4( )6(p)-5(.)2( 165)-5(-18)-5(3)1(, )6(1)-5(998)-5(. )]TJ -0.0009 Tc 0.0263 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Po)-4(rt)8(ug)-4(ali, J.; Ben)-4(enson)-4(, )6(I.; Omer, I. City: th)]TJ 0.0012 Tc 0.0242 Tw 17.6766 0 Td [(e gree)8(ns a)8(nd t)10(h)4(e bl)4(ues. )6(I)5(n)-2(:)4( Po)4(r)5(t)4(ugal)4(i)4(, J. e)8(d)-2(. )]TJ /TT35 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc 0.0233 Tw 17.3892 0 Td [(Se)9(l)5(f)5(-org)5(a)5(n)-1(i)5(z)2(at)5(i)5(o)5(n)5( an)5(d t)5(h)-1(e )]TJ -0.002 Tc 0 Tw -35.0659 -1.1497 Td (city)Tj /TT32 1 Tf 0.0001 Tc 0.0014 Tw 1.4371 0 Td [(, Berlin: S)5(p)3(ringer)4(-Ve)7(r)-2(lag,)5( )6(chap.5, )6(1999. )]TJ -0.0004 Tc 0.0258 Tw -1.4371 -1.6467 Td [(Ru)-3(m)11(elh)-3(art, D. )6(E.; Hin)-3(t)8(o)-3(n)3(, G. )6(E.; )6(W)-9(illia)-6(m)11(s, )-6(R. J. L)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0275 Tw 20.2575 0 Td [(earn)-5(ing)-5( )6(represen)-5(tatio)-5(n)-5(s)4( b)-5(y)1( b)-5(a)-1(ck)-5(-p)-5(rop)-5(a)5(g)-5(a)-1(tio)-5(n)-5( errors, )]TJ /TT35 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 20.9641 0 Td [(Na)-4(tu)-4(re)]TJ /TT32 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc 0.0172 Tw 2.7784 0 Td [(, v.)7( )]TJ -0.002 Tc -0.0025 Tw -44 -1.1437 Td [(3)-5(2)1(3)-5(,)3( )-6(p. 5)-5(33-)-4(536)-5(, 19)-5(86)-5( )]TJ 0 g ET /GS17 gs BT /T1_8 9 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 1 0 0 1 287.492 28.8 Tm (3704)Tj ET endstream endobj 305 0 obj 9770 endobj 306 0 obj << /Length 307 0 R >> stream /CS18 cs 0 0 0 sc 1 i /RelativeColorimetric ri /GS18 gs BT /TT36 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0294 Tw 12 0 0 12 106.38 731.7203 Tm [(The land us)5(e change simulations w)8(e)-1(re accom)8(p)1(lished by tw)8(o types of stochastic tran)6(sition )]TJ -0.0002 Tc 0.2502 Tw -1.775 -1.15 Td [(algorithm)8(s)-1( \226 \223expander\224 and \223patcher\224 \226 wh)]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.2479 Tw 19.315 0 Td (ich operate changes through expansion and )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1232 Tw -19.315 -1.15 Td [(diffusion, respectively. These sim)8(u)1(lations were )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.1244 Tw 19.76 0 Td (validated according to)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1195 Tw 9.145 0 Td [( a )-10(m)8(u)1(ltiple resolution)6( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.1646 Tw -28.905 -1.15 Td [(fitting m)8(e)-1(thod \(Constan)5(za, 1989\), and the va)]TJ 0.1638 Tw 18.875 0 Td [(lu)5(es obtained for windows 3x3, 5x5 and 9x9)5( )]TJ 0.0296 Tw -18.875 -1.15 Td (were 0.862682, 0.864872, and 0.864644, respectively for S1, S2, and S3. \ It is observable that )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1095 Tw 0 -1.15 TD [(the land use transitions com)8(p)1(ly with econom)]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.1105 Tw 18.55 0 Td (ic theories of urban growth and change)Tj /TT37 1 Tf 0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 503.04 662.7203 Tm (, )Tj /TT36 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 12 0 0 12 509.4 662.7203 Tm (which )Tj 0.0007 Tc 0.0003 Tw -35.36 -1.15 Td [(m)9(axi)-6(m)9(i)-1(ze consum)9(ers\264 and m)9(arkets\264 utilities in)]TJ 0.001 Tc -0.0017 Tw 18.53 0 Td [( te)5(rm)9(s of real s)5(t)-1(ate p)6(r)-1(ic)5(es a)5(nd access)5(i)-1(bility. )]TJ /TT37 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw -18.53 -2.16 Td (7.)Tj /TT38 1 Tf 0.75 0 Td ( )Tj /TT37 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 0.75 0 Td (Conclusions )Tj /TT36 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0024 Tw -1.5 -1.64 Td (Cities are open and non-linear co)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.0045 Tw 13.27 0 Td [(m)8(p)1(lex system)8(s. ANN though proved )]TJ 0.0009 Tc 0.0007 Tw 14.91 0 Td (to have the cap)Tj 0.0007 Tc -0.0007 Tw 6.03 0 Td (ability to )Tj 0.0002 Tc 0.1298 Tw -34.21 -1.15 Td (model non-linear features and handle well the )Tj 0.0001 Tc 19.49 0 Td [(uncertainties of spatial data. ANN h)-5(a)-1(ve two )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.0185 Tw -19.49 -1.15 Td [(m)8(a)-1(in disadvantages: they are black-box devises and )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0198 Tw 21.115 0 Td [(the user\264s intervention is still decisive for)-7( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.0896 Tw -21.115 -1.15 Td (the results quality. Further studies are needed )Tj 0.0897 Tw 19.025 0 Td (to assess the responsiveness of the simulation )Tj 0.0005 Tc -0.0011 Tw -19.025 -1.15 Td [(outputs in)6( face of changes in the type,)6( structur)]TJ 0.0007 Tc -0.0023 Tw 18.47 0 Td [(e an)6(d internal param)9(ete)]TJ 0.0004 Tc -0.0004 Tw 9.35 0 Td [(rs of the network.)5( )]TJ /TT37 1 Tf 0.0007 Tc 0 Tw -27.82 -2.16 Td [(References)5( )]TJ /TT36 1 Tf -0.0011 Tc 0.0146 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 504.3803 Tm [(Batty, M; Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, H.; Eichen)-4(, M. Urban)-4( )6(syste)-6(m)10(s as cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata,)]TJ /TT39 1 Tf -0.0022 Tc 0.0157 Tw 29 0 Td [( E)-8(n)-5(vironm)-5(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plan)-5(n)-5(i)6(ng)-5( B)]TJ /TT36 1 Tf 0.0025 Tc 0.011 Tw 12.7605 0 Td [(,)7( v.)7(2)6(4, )6(p.)13( )]TJ -0.0026 Tc -0.0019 Tw -41.7605 -1.1497 Td [(1)-6(59-)-5(164)-6(, 19)-6(97)-6(. )]TJ -0.0018 Tc 0.0811 Tw 0 -1.6467 TD [(Co)-5(n)-5(s)-2(tan)-5(za, R. )6(Mo)-5(d)-5(e)-1(l goo)-5(dn)-5(ess o)-5(f)-4( fit: a )-6(m)10(u)-5(ltip)-5(le reso)-5(lu)-5(tion p)-5(r)2(o)-5(cedu)-5(r)-4(e, )]TJ /TT39 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0817 Tw 28.9461 0 Td [(Eco)-5(log)-5(ica)-5(l Mod)-5(e)4(llin)-5(g)]TJ /TT36 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.0749 Tw 8.7545 0 Td [(, )-6(v)-4(.)3(47)-4(, p)-4(.)-3( 1)-4(99-)-4(215)-4(,)-9( )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0 Tw -37.7006 -1.1437 Td [(1)-4(989)-4(. )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0.062 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, )6(H. )6(Cellu)-4(lar wo)-4(rl)8(ds: a fram)11(ewo)-4(rk for m)11(o)-4(d)-4(ellin)-4(g micro)-4(-)-3(m)11(acro)-4( )6(d)-4(y)2(n)-4(am)11(i)2(cs, )]TJ /TT39 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0.0641 Tw 33.5569 0 Td [(En)-6(viro)-6(nm)-5(en)-6(ta)-6(l and)-6( Plann)-6(ing)-6( )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw -33.5569 -1.1497 Td (A)Tj /TT36 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw 0.6108 0 Td [(, v)-4(.)3(1)-4(7)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 58)-4(5-)-4(596)-4(, 19)-4(85)-4(. )]TJ -0.0005 Tc 0.0559 Tw -0.6108 -1.6467 Td [(Dead)-3(m)11(an)-3(,)-2( P.; )6(Brown, R. )6(D.; )6(Gim)11(b)-3(let)-4(t)2(, P. M)8(o)-3(d)-3(elling)-3( )6(rura)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0575 Tw 23.0838 0 Td [(l resid)-5(e)-1(n)-5(tial settle)-7(m)9(e)-1(n)-5(t p)-5(a)-1(tterns with)-5( cellu)-5(lar au)-5(to)-5(m)9(a)-1(ta,)-10( )]TJ /TT39 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc -0.0006 Tw -23.0838 -1.1497 Td [(Jou)5(r)2(n)5(a)-1(l)5( )6(of)5( Env)9(i)5(ron)5(me)9(n)-1(t)5(a)-1(l)5( M)9(a)5(na)5(ge)9(ment)]TJ /TT36 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 15.7784 0 Td [(, )-6( v)-5(.)-3( 37)-5(, p)-5(.)3( )-6(147)-5(-16)-5(0)1(, 1)-5(993)-5(. )]TJ 0.0017 Tc 0.0357 Tw -15.7784 -1.5449 Td [(Fi)4(sher)5(, M)5(. M)5(.;)10( Ab)5(ra)8(hart)4(, R)4(. J)8(. Ne)8(ur)5(oc)8(om)13(put)4(i)4(ng \226)5( t)4(o)5(ol)4(s f)5(o)-1(r )6(geo)5(g)5(r)-1(ap)5(her)5(s)2(. I)5(n)-1(:)4( O)5(p)-1(en)5(sha)8(w)-1(, )6(S.;)4( A)5(b)-1(ra)8(hart)4(, R)10(. J. \(e)8(ds)8(\))5(,)6( )]TJ /TT39 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(G)-5(e)-2(o)-6(c)4(om)-5(pu)-6(ta)-6(ti)6(o)-6(n)]TJ /TT36 1 Tf -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw 6.6527 0 Td [(, )6(N)-5(e)-2(w Yo)-5(rk)-5(:)6( Taylo)-5(r)-5( )6(& Fr)-5(ancis, ch)-5(ap)-5(.8)-5(, p. )6(1)-5(87-)-5(217)-5(, )6(20)-5(00)-5(. )]TJ -0.0013 Tc 0.0028 Tw -6.6527 -1.5449 Td [(Gong)-4(, P. In)-4(tegrated)-4( an)-4(alysis o)-4(f)-4( sp)-4(atial d)-4(a)-1(ta )-6(fro)-4(m)10( )-6(m)10(u)-10(ltip)]TJ -0.0016 Tc 0.0031 Tw 22.2096 0 Td [(le )-6(so)-5(urces: u)-5(s)-2(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( )6(ev)-5(id)-5(en)-5(tial reaso)-5(n)-5(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( an)-5(d)-5( artificial n)-5(e)-1(u)-5(r)-4(al)7( )]TJ 0.0019 Tc 0.0774 Tw -22.2096 -1.1497 Td [(net)4(w)6(or)6(k t)4(ech)5(ni)10(que)9(s f)6(o)-1(r )6(ge)9(ol)4(o)5(g)-1(i)4(cal)4( m)13(a)3(ppi)4(ng,)6( )]TJ /TT39 1 Tf 0.0012 Tc 0.0722 Tw 18.2455 0 Td [(Ph)4(ot)4(o)4(g)-2(ra)4(m)5(m)-1(e)8(t)4(ri)4(c )-6(Engi)10(neeri)4(ng a)4(nd Rem)5(o)-2(t)10(e)2( )-6(Sen)4(s)1(i)4(n)4(g)]TJ /TT36 1 Tf 0.002 Tc 0.0714 Tw 20.8862 0 Td [(, v. 6)5(2)-1(, p. 51)5(3)5(-)]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.003 Tw -39.1317 -1.1437 Td [(5)-4(2)2(3)-4(,)3( 199)-4(6. )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0.0087 Tw 0 -1.5509 TD [(Li, X.; )6(Yeh)-4(,)-3( )6(A. G. Calibration o)-4(f)3( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata b)-4(y)2( u)-4(s)]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0.0054 Tw 22.6527 0 Td [(i)5(n)-1(g)5( ne)9(ural)5( )6(net)5(w)6(or)6(ks )6(fo)5(r t)5(h)-1(e)9( si)5(m)14(u)-7(l)5(a)3(t)5(i)5(on o)5(f c)9(o)-1(m)14(p)-1(lex )6(ur)6(ban)11( )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0 Tw -22.6527 -1.1437 Td [(syste)-6(m)11(s, )]TJ /TT39 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0063 Tw 3.6587 0 Td [(Envi)4(r)8(o)-1(n)5(m)-1(e)9(n)-1(t)4(a)-1(l)4( an)5(d Pl)4(an)5(ni)4(n)5(g)-1( )-6(A)]TJ /TT36 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 12.4491 0 Td [(, v)-5(.)-3( 3)-5(3)1(, p)-5(.)-3( 14)-5(45-)-4(146)-5(2, 2)-5(001)-5(. )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0492 Tw -16.1078 -1.5509 Td [(Li, X.; )6(Ye)7(h, )6(A. G. Ne)7(ural-net)9(work-base)7(d)-3( cellular aut)9(o)-3(m)12(a)]TJ 0.0018 Tc 0.0476 Tw 23.1737 0 Td [(t)4(a)3( )-6(fo)5(r si)4(m)13(u)-1(l)4(a)3(t)4(i)4(ng m)13(u)-1(lt)4(i)4(p)-1(l)4(e)3( l)4(a)3(nd )6(use c)9(h)-1(an)5(ges )6(us)8(i)4(ng )6(GI)6(S)7(,)6( )]TJ /TT39 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0039 Tw -23.1737 -1.1437 Td [(In)-5(tern)-5(a)-5(tiona)-5(l Jo)-5(u)-5(r)4(na)-5(l )6(o)-5(f Geogra)-5(p)1(h)-5(ica)-5(l In)-5(fo)-5(rma)-5(tion)-5( )6(S)-5(c)-2(ience)]TJ /TT36 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc -0.003 Tw 23.7485 0 Td [(, )-6(v. 1)-4(6)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 32)-4(3-3)-4(4)2(3)-4(,)3( )-6(200)-4(2. )]TJ -0.0009 Tc 0.0144 Tw -23.7485 -1.5509 Td [(Pap)-4(i)2(n)-4(i)2(, L.; Rabin)-4(o)-4(,)-2( )6(G. A.; Co)-4(lo)-4(nn)-4(a, )6(A.; Di Stefano)-4(,)-2( )6(V.; Lo)]TJ -0.0008 Tc 23.479 0 Td [(m)11(b)-4(ardo)-4(, S. Learn)-4(i)2(ng)-4( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(to)-4(m)11(ata in)-4( a re)-6(al wo)-4(rl)8(d)-4(:)2( )]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.0988 Tw -23.479 -1.1437 Td [(th)-4(e case stud)-4(y)8( o)-4(f)-4( t)7(h)-4(e Ro)-4(m)10(e)-1( metro)-4(p)2(o)-4(litan)-4( area. In)-4(: Band)-4(i)7(n)-4(i,)]TJ -0.0007 Tc 0.098 Tw 24.1856 0 Td [( S.; Serra, )6(R; Liv)-4(eran)-4(i)2(, )6(F. S. ed. Cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)8(o)-4(m)11(ata)-6(:)-4( )]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.1152 Tw -24.1856 -1.1497 Td [(researc)7(h)-3( t)9(o)-3(wa)7(rds industry. )]TJ /TT39 1 Tf -0.004 Tc 0 Tw 11.0958 0 Td [(ACR)-4(I)-6(\2649)-7(6)]TJ /TT36 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.1168 Tw 3.5509 0 Td [(: )6(Pro)-4(c)-1(eed)-4(i)1(ng)-4(s )6(o)-4(f)2( th)-4(e )6(Th)-4(ird)-4( C)7(o)-4(nferen)-4(ce )6(o)-4(n)2( Cellu)-4(lar Au)-4(to)-4(m)10(a)-1(ta for Research )]TJ -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw -14.6467 -1.1497 Td [(an)-5(d Ind)-5(u)-5(s)-3(t)6(r)-5(y, Lo)-5(ndo)-5(n)-5(: )6(Spr)-5(ing)-5(er)-5(-V)-5(er)-5(lag)-5(,)-4( )6(p)-5(.)2( 165)-5(-18)-5(3)1(, )6(1)-5(998)-5(. )]TJ -0.0009 Tc 0.0263 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Po)-4(rt)8(ug)-4(ali, J.; Ben)-4(enson)-4(, )6(I.; Omer, I. City: th)]TJ 0.0012 Tc 0.0242 Tw 17.6766 0 Td [(e gree)8(ns a)8(nd t)10(h)4(e bl)4(ues. )6(I)5(n)-2(:)4( Po)4(r)5(t)4(ugal)4(i)4(, J. e)8(d)-2(. )]TJ /TT39 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc 0.0233 Tw 17.3892 0 Td [(Se)9(l)5(f)5(-org)5(a)5(n)-1(i)5(z)2(at)5(i)5(o)5(n)5( an)5(d t)5(h)-1(e )]TJ -0.002 Tc 0 Tw -35.0659 -1.1497 Td (city)Tj /TT36 1 Tf 0.0001 Tc 0.0014 Tw 1.4371 0 Td [(, Berlin: S)5(p)3(ringer)4(-Ve)7(r)-2(lag,)5( )6(chap.5, )6(1999. )]TJ -0.0004 Tc 0.0258 Tw -1.4371 -1.6467 Td [(Ru)-3(m)11(elh)-3(art, D. )6(E.; Hin)-3(t)8(o)-3(n)3(, G. )6(E.; )6(W)-9(illia)-6(m)11(s, )-6(R. J. L)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0275 Tw 20.2575 0 Td [(earn)-5(ing)-5( )6(represen)-5(tatio)-5(n)-5(s)4( b)-5(y)1( b)-5(a)-1(ck)-5(-p)-5(rop)-5(a)5(g)-5(a)-1(tio)-5(n)-5( errors, )]TJ /TT39 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 20.9641 0 Td [(Na)-4(tu)-4(re)]TJ /TT36 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc 0.0172 Tw 2.7784 0 Td [(, v.)7( )]TJ 0 g ET /GS19 gs BT /T1_9 9 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 1 0 0 1 287.492 28.8 Tm (3704)Tj ET endstream endobj 307 0 obj 9667 endobj 308 0 obj << /Length 309 0 R >> stream /CS20 cs 0 0 0 sc 1 i /RelativeColorimetric ri /GS20 gs BT /TT40 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0294 Tw 12 0 0 12 106.38 731.7203 Tm [(The land us)5(e change simulations w)8(e)-1(re accom)8(p)1(lished by tw)8(o types of stochastic tran)6(sition )]TJ -0.0002 Tc 0.2502 Tw -1.775 -1.15 Td [(algorithm)8(s)-1( \226 \223expander\224 and \223patcher\224 \226 wh)]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.2479 Tw 19.315 0 Td (ich operate changes through expansion and )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1232 Tw -19.315 -1.15 Td [(diffusion, respectively. These sim)8(u)1(lations were )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.1244 Tw 19.76 0 Td (validated according to)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1195 Tw 9.145 0 Td [( a )-10(m)8(u)1(ltiple resolution)6( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.1646 Tw -28.905 -1.15 Td [(fitting m)8(e)-1(thod \(Constan)5(za, 1989\), and the va)]TJ 0.1638 Tw 18.875 0 Td [(lu)5(es obtained for windows 3x3, 5x5 and 9x9)5( )]TJ 0.0296 Tw -18.875 -1.15 Td (were 0.862682, 0.864872, and 0.864644, respectively for S1, S2, and S3. \ It is observable that )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1095 Tw 0 -1.15 TD [(the land use transitions com)8(p)1(ly with econom)]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.1105 Tw 18.55 0 Td (ic theories of urban growth and change)Tj /TT41 1 Tf 0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 503.04 662.7203 Tm (, )Tj /TT40 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 12 0 0 12 509.4 662.7203 Tm (which )Tj 0.0007 Tc 0.0003 Tw -35.36 -1.15 Td [(m)9(axi)-6(m)9(i)-1(ze consum)9(ers\264 and m)9(arkets\264 utilities in)]TJ 0.001 Tc -0.0017 Tw 18.53 0 Td [( te)5(rm)9(s of real s)5(t)-1(ate p)6(r)-1(ic)5(es a)5(nd access)5(i)-1(bility. )]TJ /TT41 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw -18.53 -2.16 Td (7.)Tj /TT42 1 Tf 0.75 0 Td ( )Tj /TT41 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 0.75 0 Td (Conclusions )Tj /TT40 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0024 Tw -1.5 -1.64 Td (Cities are open and non-linear co)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.0045 Tw 13.27 0 Td [(m)8(p)1(lex system)8(s. ANN though proved )]TJ 0.0009 Tc 0.0007 Tw 14.91 0 Td (to have the cap)Tj 0.0007 Tc -0.0007 Tw 6.03 0 Td (ability to )Tj 0.0002 Tc 0.1298 Tw -34.21 -1.15 Td (model non-linear features and handle well the )Tj 0.0001 Tc 19.49 0 Td [(uncertainties of spatial data. ANN h)-5(a)-1(ve two )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.0185 Tw -19.49 -1.15 Td [(m)8(a)-1(in disadvantages: they are black-box devises and )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0198 Tw 21.115 0 Td [(the user\264s intervention is still decisive for)-7( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.0896 Tw -21.115 -1.15 Td (the results quality. Further studies are needed )Tj 0.0897 Tw 19.025 0 Td (to assess the responsiveness of the simulation )Tj 0.0005 Tc -0.0011 Tw -19.025 -1.15 Td [(outputs in)6( face of changes in the type,)6( structur)]TJ 0.0007 Tc -0.0023 Tw 18.47 0 Td [(e an)6(d internal param)9(ete)]TJ 0.0004 Tc -0.0004 Tw 9.35 0 Td [(rs of the network.)5( )]TJ /TT41 1 Tf 0.0007 Tc 0 Tw -27.82 -2.16 Td [(References)5( )]TJ /TT40 1 Tf -0.0011 Tc 0.0146 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 504.3803 Tm [(Batty, M; Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, H.; Eichen)-4(, M. Urban)-4( )6(syste)-6(m)10(s as cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata,)]TJ /TT43 1 Tf -0.0022 Tc 0.0157 Tw 29 0 Td [( E)-8(n)-5(vironm)-5(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plan)-5(n)-5(i)6(ng)-5( B)]TJ /TT40 1 Tf 0.0025 Tc 0.011 Tw 12.7605 0 Td [(,)7( v.)7(2)6(4, )6(p.)13( )]TJ -0.0026 Tc -0.0019 Tw -41.7605 -1.1497 Td [(1)-6(59-)-5(164)-6(, 19)-6(97)-6(. )]TJ -0.0018 Tc 0.0811 Tw 0 -1.6467 TD [(Co)-5(n)-5(s)-2(tan)-5(za, R. )6(Mo)-5(d)-5(e)-1(l goo)-5(dn)-5(ess o)-5(f)-4( fit: a )-6(m)10(u)-5(ltip)-5(le reso)-5(lu)-5(tion p)-5(r)2(o)-5(cedu)-5(r)-4(e, )]TJ /TT43 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0817 Tw 28.9461 0 Td [(Eco)-5(log)-5(ica)-5(l Mod)-5(e)4(llin)-5(g)]TJ /TT40 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.0749 Tw 8.7545 0 Td [(, )-6(v)-4(.)3(47)-4(, p)-4(.)-3( 1)-4(99-)-4(215)-4(,)-9( )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0 Tw -37.7006 -1.1437 Td [(1)-4(989)-4(. )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0.062 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, )6(H. )6(Cellu)-4(lar wo)-4(rl)8(ds: a fram)11(ewo)-4(rk for m)11(o)-4(d)-4(ellin)-4(g micro)-4(-)-3(m)11(acro)-4( )6(d)-4(y)2(n)-4(am)11(i)2(cs, )]TJ /TT43 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0.0641 Tw 33.5569 0 Td [(En)-6(viro)-6(nm)-5(en)-6(ta)-6(l and)-6( Plann)-6(ing)-6( )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw -33.5569 -1.1497 Td (A)Tj /TT40 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw 0.6108 0 Td [(, v)-4(.)3(1)-4(7)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 58)-4(5-)-4(596)-4(, 19)-4(85)-4(. )]TJ -0.0005 Tc 0.0559 Tw -0.6108 -1.6467 Td [(Dead)-3(m)11(an)-3(,)-2( P.; )6(Brown, R. )6(D.; )6(Gim)11(b)-3(let)-4(t)2(, P. M)8(o)-3(d)-3(elling)-3( )6(rura)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0575 Tw 23.0838 0 Td [(l resid)-5(e)-1(n)-5(tial settle)-7(m)9(e)-1(n)-5(t p)-5(a)-1(tterns with)-5( cellu)-5(lar au)-5(to)-5(m)9(a)-1(ta,)-10( )]TJ /TT43 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc -0.0006 Tw -23.0838 -1.1497 Td [(Jou)5(r)2(n)5(a)-1(l)5( )6(of)5( Env)9(i)5(ron)5(me)9(n)-1(t)5(a)-1(l)5( M)9(a)5(na)5(ge)9(ment)]TJ /TT40 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 15.7784 0 Td [(, )-6( v)-5(.)-3( 37)-5(, p)-5(.)3( )-6(147)-5(-16)-5(0)1(, 1)-5(993)-5(. )]TJ 0.0017 Tc 0.0357 Tw -15.7784 -1.5449 Td [(Fi)4(sher)5(, M)5(. M)5(.;)10( Ab)5(ra)8(hart)4(, R)4(. J)8(. Ne)8(ur)5(oc)8(om)13(put)4(i)4(ng \226)5( t)4(o)5(ol)4(s f)5(o)-1(r )6(geo)5(g)5(r)-1(ap)5(her)5(s)2(. I)5(n)-1(:)4( O)5(p)-1(en)5(sha)8(w)-1(, )6(S.;)4( A)5(b)-1(ra)8(hart)4(, R)10(. J. \(e)8(ds)8(\))5(,)6( )]TJ /TT43 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(G)-5(e)-2(o)-6(c)4(om)-5(pu)-6(ta)-6(ti)6(o)-6(n)]TJ /TT40 1 Tf -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw 6.6527 0 Td [(, )6(N)-5(e)-2(w Yo)-5(rk)-5(:)6( Taylo)-5(r)-5( )6(& Fr)-5(ancis, ch)-5(ap)-5(.8)-5(, p. )6(1)-5(87-)-5(217)-5(, )6(20)-5(00)-5(. )]TJ -0.0013 Tc 0.0028 Tw -6.6527 -1.5449 Td [(Gong)-4(, P. In)-4(tegrated)-4( an)-4(alysis o)-4(f)-4( sp)-4(atial d)-4(a)-1(ta )-6(fro)-4(m)10( )-6(m)10(u)-10(ltip)]TJ -0.0016 Tc 0.0031 Tw 22.2096 0 Td [(le )-6(so)-5(urces: u)-5(s)-2(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( )6(ev)-5(id)-5(en)-5(tial reaso)-5(n)-5(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( an)-5(d)-5( artificial n)-5(e)-1(u)-5(r)-4(al)7( )]TJ 0.0019 Tc 0.0774 Tw -22.2096 -1.1497 Td [(net)4(w)6(or)6(k t)4(ech)5(ni)10(que)9(s f)6(o)-1(r )6(ge)9(ol)4(o)5(g)-1(i)4(cal)4( m)13(a)3(ppi)4(ng,)6( )]TJ /TT43 1 Tf 0.0012 Tc 0.0722 Tw 18.2455 0 Td [(Ph)4(ot)4(o)4(g)-2(ra)4(m)5(m)-1(e)8(t)4(ri)4(c )-6(Engi)10(neeri)4(ng a)4(nd Rem)5(o)-2(t)10(e)2( )-6(Sen)4(s)1(i)4(n)4(g)]TJ /TT40 1 Tf 0.002 Tc 0.0714 Tw 20.8862 0 Td [(, v. 6)5(2)-1(, p. 51)5(3)5(-)]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.003 Tw -39.1317 -1.1437 Td [(5)-4(2)2(3)-4(,)3( 199)-4(6. )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0.0087 Tw 0 -1.5509 TD [(Li, X.; )6(Yeh)-4(,)-3( )6(A. G. Calibration o)-4(f)3( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata b)-4(y)2( u)-4(s)]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0.0054 Tw 22.6527 0 Td [(i)5(n)-1(g)5( ne)9(ural)5( )6(net)5(w)6(or)6(ks )6(fo)5(r t)5(h)-1(e)9( si)5(m)14(u)-7(l)5(a)3(t)5(i)5(on o)5(f c)9(o)-1(m)14(p)-1(lex )6(ur)6(ban)11( )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0 Tw -22.6527 -1.1437 Td [(syste)-6(m)11(s, )]TJ /TT43 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0063 Tw 3.6587 0 Td [(Envi)4(r)8(o)-1(n)5(m)-1(e)9(n)-1(t)4(a)-1(l)4( an)5(d Pl)4(an)5(ni)4(n)5(g)-1( )-6(A)]TJ /TT40 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 12.4491 0 Td [(, v)-5(.)-3( 3)-5(3)1(, p)-5(.)-3( 14)-5(45-)-4(146)-5(2, 2)-5(001)-5(. )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0492 Tw -16.1078 -1.5509 Td [(Li, X.; )6(Ye)7(h, )6(A. G. Ne)7(ural-net)9(work-base)7(d)-3( cellular aut)9(o)-3(m)12(a)]TJ 0.0018 Tc 0.0476 Tw 23.1737 0 Td [(t)4(a)3( )-6(fo)5(r si)4(m)13(u)-1(l)4(a)3(t)4(i)4(ng m)13(u)-1(lt)4(i)4(p)-1(l)4(e)3( l)4(a)3(nd )6(use c)9(h)-1(an)5(ges )6(us)8(i)4(ng )6(GI)6(S)7(,)6( )]TJ /TT43 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0039 Tw -23.1737 -1.1437 Td [(In)-5(tern)-5(a)-5(tiona)-5(l Jo)-5(u)-5(r)4(na)-5(l )6(o)-5(f Geogra)-5(p)1(h)-5(ica)-5(l In)-5(fo)-5(rma)-5(tion)-5( )6(S)-5(c)-2(ience)]TJ /TT40 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc -0.003 Tw 23.7485 0 Td [(, )-6(v. 1)-4(6)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 32)-4(3-3)-4(4)2(3)-4(,)3( )-6(200)-4(2. )]TJ -0.0009 Tc 0.0144 Tw -23.7485 -1.5509 Td [(Pap)-4(i)2(n)-4(i)2(, L.; Rabin)-4(o)-4(,)-2( )6(G. A.; Co)-4(lo)-4(nn)-4(a, )6(A.; Di Stefano)-4(,)-2( )6(V.; Lo)]TJ -0.0008 Tc 23.479 0 Td [(m)11(b)-4(ardo)-4(, S. Learn)-4(i)2(ng)-4( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(to)-4(m)11(ata in)-4( a re)-6(al wo)-4(rl)8(d)-4(:)2( )]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.0988 Tw -23.479 -1.1437 Td [(th)-4(e case stud)-4(y)8( o)-4(f)-4( t)7(h)-4(e Ro)-4(m)10(e)-1( metro)-4(p)2(o)-4(litan)-4( area. In)-4(: Band)-4(i)7(n)-4(i,)]TJ -0.0007 Tc 0.098 Tw 24.1856 0 Td [( S.; Serra, )6(R; Liv)-4(eran)-4(i)2(, )6(F. S. ed. Cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)8(o)-4(m)11(ata)-6(:)-4( )]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.1152 Tw -24.1856 -1.1497 Td [(researc)7(h)-3( t)9(o)-3(wa)7(rds industry. )]TJ /TT43 1 Tf -0.004 Tc 0 Tw 11.0958 0 Td [(ACR)-4(I)-6(\2649)-7(6)]TJ /TT40 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.1168 Tw 3.5509 0 Td [(: )6(Pro)-4(c)-1(eed)-4(i)1(ng)-4(s )6(o)-4(f)2( th)-4(e )6(Th)-4(ird)-4( C)7(o)-4(nferen)-4(ce )6(o)-4(n)2( Cellu)-4(lar Au)-4(to)-4(m)10(a)-1(ta for Research )]TJ -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw -14.6467 -1.1497 Td [(an)-5(d Ind)-5(u)-5(s)-3(t)6(r)-5(y, Lo)-5(ndo)-5(n)-5(: )6(Spr)-5(ing)-5(er)-5(-V)-5(er)-5(lag)-5(,)-4( )6(p)-5(.)2( 165)-5(-18)-5(3)1(, )6(1)-5(998)-5(. )]TJ -0.0009 Tc 0.0263 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Po)-4(rt)8(ug)-4(ali, J.; Ben)-4(enson)-4(, )6(I.; Omer, I. City: th)]TJ 0.0012 Tc 0.0242 Tw 17.6766 0 Td [(e gree)8(ns a)8(nd t)10(h)4(e bl)4(ues. )6(I)5(n)-2(:)4( Po)4(r)5(t)4(ugal)4(i)4(, J. e)8(d)-2(. )]TJ /TT43 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc 0.0233 Tw 17.3892 0 Td [(Se)9(l)5(f)5(-org)5(a)5(n)-1(i)5(z)2(at)5(i)5(o)5(n)5( an)5(d t)5(h)-1(e )]TJ -0.002 Tc 0 Tw -35.0659 -1.1497 Td (city)Tj /TT40 1 Tf 0.0001 Tc 0.0014 Tw 1.4371 0 Td [(, Berlin: S)5(p)3(ringer)4(-Ve)7(r)-2(lag,)5( )6(chap.5, )6(1999. )]TJ 0 g ET /GS21 gs BT /T1_10 9 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 1 0 0 1 287.492 28.8 Tm (3704)Tj ET endstream endobj 309 0 obj 9236 endobj 310 0 obj << /Length 311 0 R >> stream /CS22 cs 0 0 0 sc 1 i /RelativeColorimetric ri /GS22 gs BT /TT44 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0294 Tw 12 0 0 12 106.38 731.7203 Tm [(The land us)5(e change simulations w)8(e)-1(re accom)8(p)1(lished by tw)8(o types of stochastic tran)6(sition )]TJ -0.0002 Tc 0.2502 Tw -1.775 -1.15 Td [(algorithm)8(s)-1( \226 \223expander\224 and \223patcher\224 \226 wh)]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.2479 Tw 19.315 0 Td (ich operate changes through expansion and )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1232 Tw -19.315 -1.15 Td [(diffusion, respectively. These sim)8(u)1(lations were )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.1244 Tw 19.76 0 Td (validated according to)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1195 Tw 9.145 0 Td [( a )-10(m)8(u)1(ltiple resolution)6( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.1646 Tw -28.905 -1.15 Td [(fitting m)8(e)-1(thod \(Constan)5(za, 1989\), and the va)]TJ 0.1638 Tw 18.875 0 Td [(lu)5(es obtained for windows 3x3, 5x5 and 9x9)5( )]TJ 0.0296 Tw -18.875 -1.15 Td (were 0.862682, 0.864872, and 0.864644, respectively for S1, S2, and S3. \ It is observable that )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1095 Tw 0 -1.15 TD [(the land use transitions com)8(p)1(ly with econom)]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.1105 Tw 18.55 0 Td (ic theories of urban growth and change)Tj /TT45 1 Tf 0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 503.04 662.7203 Tm (, )Tj /TT44 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 12 0 0 12 509.4 662.7203 Tm (which )Tj 0.0007 Tc 0.0003 Tw -35.36 -1.15 Td [(m)9(axi)-6(m)9(i)-1(ze consum)9(ers\264 and m)9(arkets\264 utilities in)]TJ 0.001 Tc -0.0017 Tw 18.53 0 Td [( te)5(rm)9(s of real s)5(t)-1(ate p)6(r)-1(ic)5(es a)5(nd access)5(i)-1(bility. )]TJ /TT45 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw -18.53 -2.16 Td (7.)Tj /TT46 1 Tf 0.75 0 Td ( )Tj /TT45 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 0.75 0 Td (Conclusions )Tj /TT44 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0024 Tw -1.5 -1.64 Td (Cities are open and non-linear co)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.0045 Tw 13.27 0 Td [(m)8(p)1(lex system)8(s. ANN though proved )]TJ 0.0009 Tc 0.0007 Tw 14.91 0 Td (to have the cap)Tj 0.0007 Tc -0.0007 Tw 6.03 0 Td (ability to )Tj 0.0002 Tc 0.1298 Tw -34.21 -1.15 Td (model non-linear features and handle well the )Tj 0.0001 Tc 19.49 0 Td [(uncertainties of spatial data. ANN h)-5(a)-1(ve two )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.0185 Tw -19.49 -1.15 Td [(m)8(a)-1(in disadvantages: they are black-box devises and )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0198 Tw 21.115 0 Td [(the user\264s intervention is still decisive for)-7( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.0896 Tw -21.115 -1.15 Td (the results quality. Further studies are needed )Tj 0.0897 Tw 19.025 0 Td (to assess the responsiveness of the simulation )Tj 0.0005 Tc -0.0011 Tw -19.025 -1.15 Td [(outputs in)6( face of changes in the type,)6( structur)]TJ 0.0007 Tc -0.0023 Tw 18.47 0 Td [(e an)6(d internal param)9(ete)]TJ 0.0004 Tc -0.0004 Tw 9.35 0 Td [(rs of the network.)5( )]TJ /TT45 1 Tf 0.0007 Tc 0 Tw -27.82 -2.16 Td [(References)5( )]TJ /TT44 1 Tf -0.0011 Tc 0.0146 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 504.3803 Tm [(Batty, M; Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, H.; Eichen)-4(, M. Urban)-4( )6(syste)-6(m)10(s as cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata,)]TJ /TT47 1 Tf -0.0022 Tc 0.0157 Tw 29 0 Td [( E)-8(n)-5(vironm)-5(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plan)-5(n)-5(i)6(ng)-5( B)]TJ /TT44 1 Tf 0.0025 Tc 0.011 Tw 12.7605 0 Td [(,)7( v.)7(2)6(4, )6(p.)13( )]TJ -0.0026 Tc -0.0019 Tw -41.7605 -1.1497 Td [(1)-6(59-)-5(164)-6(, 19)-6(97)-6(. )]TJ -0.0018 Tc 0.0811 Tw 0 -1.6467 TD [(Co)-5(n)-5(s)-2(tan)-5(za, R. )6(Mo)-5(d)-5(e)-1(l goo)-5(dn)-5(ess o)-5(f)-4( fit: a )-6(m)10(u)-5(ltip)-5(le reso)-5(lu)-5(tion p)-5(r)2(o)-5(cedu)-5(r)-4(e, )]TJ /TT47 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0817 Tw 28.9461 0 Td [(Eco)-5(log)-5(ica)-5(l Mod)-5(e)4(llin)-5(g)]TJ /TT44 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.0749 Tw 8.7545 0 Td [(, )-6(v)-4(.)3(47)-4(, p)-4(.)-3( 1)-4(99-)-4(215)-4(,)-9( )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0 Tw -37.7006 -1.1437 Td [(1)-4(989)-4(. )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0.062 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, )6(H. )6(Cellu)-4(lar wo)-4(rl)8(ds: a fram)11(ewo)-4(rk for m)11(o)-4(d)-4(ellin)-4(g micro)-4(-)-3(m)11(acro)-4( )6(d)-4(y)2(n)-4(am)11(i)2(cs, )]TJ /TT47 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0.0641 Tw 33.5569 0 Td [(En)-6(viro)-6(nm)-5(en)-6(ta)-6(l and)-6( Plann)-6(ing)-6( )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw -33.5569 -1.1497 Td (A)Tj /TT44 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw 0.6108 0 Td [(, v)-4(.)3(1)-4(7)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 58)-4(5-)-4(596)-4(, 19)-4(85)-4(. )]TJ -0.0005 Tc 0.0559 Tw -0.6108 -1.6467 Td [(Dead)-3(m)11(an)-3(,)-2( P.; )6(Brown, R. )6(D.; )6(Gim)11(b)-3(let)-4(t)2(, P. M)8(o)-3(d)-3(elling)-3( )6(rura)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0575 Tw 23.0838 0 Td [(l resid)-5(e)-1(n)-5(tial settle)-7(m)9(e)-1(n)-5(t p)-5(a)-1(tterns with)-5( cellu)-5(lar au)-5(to)-5(m)9(a)-1(ta,)-10( )]TJ /TT47 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc -0.0006 Tw -23.0838 -1.1497 Td [(Jou)5(r)2(n)5(a)-1(l)5( )6(of)5( Env)9(i)5(ron)5(me)9(n)-1(t)5(a)-1(l)5( M)9(a)5(na)5(ge)9(ment)]TJ /TT44 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 15.7784 0 Td [(, )-6( v)-5(.)-3( 37)-5(, p)-5(.)3( )-6(147)-5(-16)-5(0)1(, 1)-5(993)-5(. )]TJ 0.0017 Tc 0.0357 Tw -15.7784 -1.5449 Td [(Fi)4(sher)5(, M)5(. M)5(.;)10( Ab)5(ra)8(hart)4(, R)4(. J)8(. Ne)8(ur)5(oc)8(om)13(put)4(i)4(ng \226)5( t)4(o)5(ol)4(s f)5(o)-1(r )6(geo)5(g)5(r)-1(ap)5(her)5(s)2(. I)5(n)-1(:)4( O)5(p)-1(en)5(sha)8(w)-1(, )6(S.;)4( A)5(b)-1(ra)8(hart)4(, R)10(. J. \(e)8(ds)8(\))5(,)6( )]TJ /TT47 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(G)-5(e)-2(o)-6(c)4(om)-5(pu)-6(ta)-6(ti)6(o)-6(n)]TJ /TT44 1 Tf -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw 6.6527 0 Td [(, )6(N)-5(e)-2(w Yo)-5(rk)-5(:)6( Taylo)-5(r)-5( )6(& Fr)-5(ancis, ch)-5(ap)-5(.8)-5(, p. )6(1)-5(87-)-5(217)-5(, )6(20)-5(00)-5(. )]TJ -0.0013 Tc 0.0028 Tw -6.6527 -1.5449 Td [(Gong)-4(, P. In)-4(tegrated)-4( an)-4(alysis o)-4(f)-4( sp)-4(atial d)-4(a)-1(ta )-6(fro)-4(m)10( )-6(m)10(u)-10(ltip)]TJ -0.0016 Tc 0.0031 Tw 22.2096 0 Td [(le )-6(so)-5(urces: u)-5(s)-2(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( )6(ev)-5(id)-5(en)-5(tial reaso)-5(n)-5(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( an)-5(d)-5( artificial n)-5(e)-1(u)-5(r)-4(al)7( )]TJ 0.0019 Tc 0.0774 Tw -22.2096 -1.1497 Td [(net)4(w)6(or)6(k t)4(ech)5(ni)10(que)9(s f)6(o)-1(r )6(ge)9(ol)4(o)5(g)-1(i)4(cal)4( m)13(a)3(ppi)4(ng,)6( )]TJ /TT47 1 Tf 0.0012 Tc 0.0722 Tw 18.2455 0 Td [(Ph)4(ot)4(o)4(g)-2(ra)4(m)5(m)-1(e)8(t)4(ri)4(c )-6(Engi)10(neeri)4(ng a)4(nd Rem)5(o)-2(t)10(e)2( )-6(Sen)4(s)1(i)4(n)4(g)]TJ /TT44 1 Tf 0.002 Tc 0.0714 Tw 20.8862 0 Td [(, v. 6)5(2)-1(, p. 51)5(3)5(-)]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.003 Tw -39.1317 -1.1437 Td [(5)-4(2)2(3)-4(,)3( 199)-4(6. )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0.0087 Tw 0 -1.5509 TD [(Li, X.; )6(Yeh)-4(,)-3( )6(A. G. Calibration o)-4(f)3( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata b)-4(y)2( u)-4(s)]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0.0054 Tw 22.6527 0 Td [(i)5(n)-1(g)5( ne)9(ural)5( )6(net)5(w)6(or)6(ks )6(fo)5(r t)5(h)-1(e)9( si)5(m)14(u)-7(l)5(a)3(t)5(i)5(on o)5(f c)9(o)-1(m)14(p)-1(lex )6(ur)6(ban)11( )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0 Tw -22.6527 -1.1437 Td [(syste)-6(m)11(s, )]TJ /TT47 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0063 Tw 3.6587 0 Td [(Envi)4(r)8(o)-1(n)5(m)-1(e)9(n)-1(t)4(a)-1(l)4( an)5(d Pl)4(an)5(ni)4(n)5(g)-1( )-6(A)]TJ /TT44 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 12.4491 0 Td [(, v)-5(.)-3( 3)-5(3)1(, p)-5(.)-3( 14)-5(45-)-4(146)-5(2, 2)-5(001)-5(. )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0492 Tw -16.1078 -1.5509 Td [(Li, X.; )6(Ye)7(h, )6(A. G. Ne)7(ural-net)9(work-base)7(d)-3( cellular aut)9(o)-3(m)12(a)]TJ 0.0018 Tc 0.0476 Tw 23.1737 0 Td [(t)4(a)3( )-6(fo)5(r si)4(m)13(u)-1(l)4(a)3(t)4(i)4(ng m)13(u)-1(lt)4(i)4(p)-1(l)4(e)3( l)4(a)3(nd )6(use c)9(h)-1(an)5(ges )6(us)8(i)4(ng )6(GI)6(S)7(,)6( )]TJ /TT47 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0039 Tw -23.1737 -1.1437 Td [(In)-5(tern)-5(a)-5(tiona)-5(l Jo)-5(u)-5(r)4(na)-5(l )6(o)-5(f Geogra)-5(p)1(h)-5(ica)-5(l In)-5(fo)-5(rma)-5(tion)-5( )6(S)-5(c)-2(ience)]TJ /TT44 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc -0.003 Tw 23.7485 0 Td [(, )-6(v. 1)-4(6)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 32)-4(3-3)-4(4)2(3)-4(,)3( )-6(200)-4(2. )]TJ -0.0009 Tc 0.0144 Tw -23.7485 -1.5509 Td [(Pap)-4(i)2(n)-4(i)2(, L.; Rabin)-4(o)-4(,)-2( )6(G. A.; Co)-4(lo)-4(nn)-4(a, )6(A.; Di Stefano)-4(,)-2( )6(V.; Lo)]TJ -0.0008 Tc 23.479 0 Td [(m)11(b)-4(ardo)-4(, S. Learn)-4(i)2(ng)-4( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(to)-4(m)11(ata in)-4( a re)-6(al wo)-4(rl)8(d)-4(:)2( )]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.0988 Tw -23.479 -1.1437 Td [(th)-4(e case stud)-4(y)8( o)-4(f)-4( t)7(h)-4(e Ro)-4(m)10(e)-1( metro)-4(p)2(o)-4(litan)-4( area. In)-4(: Band)-4(i)7(n)-4(i,)]TJ -0.0007 Tc 0.098 Tw 24.1856 0 Td [( S.; Serra, )6(R; Liv)-4(eran)-4(i)2(, )6(F. S. ed. Cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)8(o)-4(m)11(ata)-6(:)-4( )]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.1152 Tw -24.1856 -1.1497 Td [(researc)7(h)-3( t)9(o)-3(wa)7(rds industry. )]TJ /TT47 1 Tf -0.004 Tc 0 Tw 11.0958 0 Td [(ACR)-4(I)-6(\2649)-7(6)]TJ /TT44 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.1168 Tw 3.5509 0 Td [(: )6(Pro)-4(c)-1(eed)-4(i)1(ng)-4(s )6(o)-4(f)2( th)-4(e )6(Th)-4(ird)-4( C)7(o)-4(nferen)-4(ce )6(o)-4(n)2( Cellu)-4(lar Au)-4(to)-4(m)10(a)-1(ta for Research )]TJ -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw -14.6467 -1.1497 Td [(an)-5(d Ind)-5(u)-5(s)-3(t)6(r)-5(y, Lo)-5(ndo)-5(n)-5(: )6(Spr)-5(ing)-5(er)-5(-V)-5(er)-5(lag)-5(,)-4( )6(p)-5(.)2( 165)-5(-18)-5(3)1(, )6(1)-5(998)-5(. )]TJ -0.0009 Tc 0.0263 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Po)-4(rt)8(ug)-4(ali, J.; Ben)-4(enson)-4(, )6(I.; Omer, I. City: th)]TJ 0.0012 Tc 0.0242 Tw 17.6766 0 Td [(e gree)8(ns a)8(nd t)10(h)4(e bl)4(ues. )6(I)5(n)-2(:)4( Po)4(r)5(t)4(ugal)4(i)4(, J. e)8(d)-2(. )]TJ /TT47 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc 0.0233 Tw 17.3892 0 Td [(Se)9(l)5(f)5(-org)5(a)5(n)-1(i)5(z)2(at)5(i)5(o)5(n)5( an)5(d t)5(h)-1(e )]TJ 0 g ET /GS23 gs BT /T1_11 9 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 1 0 0 1 287.492 28.8 Tm (3704)Tj ET endstream endobj 311 0 obj 9076 endobj 312 0 obj << /Length 313 0 R >> stream /CS24 cs 0 0 0 sc 1 i /RelativeColorimetric ri /GS24 gs BT /TT48 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0294 Tw 12 0 0 12 106.38 731.7203 Tm [(The land us)5(e change simulations w)8(e)-1(re accom)8(p)1(lished by tw)8(o types of stochastic tran)6(sition )]TJ -0.0002 Tc 0.2502 Tw -1.775 -1.15 Td [(algorithm)8(s)-1( \226 \223expander\224 and \223patcher\224 \226 wh)]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.2479 Tw 19.315 0 Td (ich operate changes through expansion and )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1232 Tw -19.315 -1.15 Td [(diffusion, respectively. These sim)8(u)1(lations were )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.1244 Tw 19.76 0 Td (validated according to)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1195 Tw 9.145 0 Td [( a )-10(m)8(u)1(ltiple resolution)6( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.1646 Tw -28.905 -1.15 Td [(fitting m)8(e)-1(thod \(Constan)5(za, 1989\), and the va)]TJ 0.1638 Tw 18.875 0 Td [(lu)5(es obtained for windows 3x3, 5x5 and 9x9)5( )]TJ 0.0296 Tw -18.875 -1.15 Td (were 0.862682, 0.864872, and 0.864644, respectively for S1, S2, and S3. \ It is observable that )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1095 Tw 0 -1.15 TD [(the land use transitions com)8(p)1(ly with econom)]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.1105 Tw 18.55 0 Td (ic theories of urban growth and change)Tj /TT49 1 Tf 0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 503.04 662.7203 Tm (, )Tj /TT48 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 12 0 0 12 509.4 662.7203 Tm (which )Tj 0.0007 Tc 0.0003 Tw -35.36 -1.15 Td [(m)9(axi)-6(m)9(i)-1(ze consum)9(ers\264 and m)9(arkets\264 utilities in)]TJ 0.001 Tc -0.0017 Tw 18.53 0 Td [( te)5(rm)9(s of real s)5(t)-1(ate p)6(r)-1(ic)5(es a)5(nd access)5(i)-1(bility. )]TJ /TT49 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw -18.53 -2.16 Td (7.)Tj /TT50 1 Tf 0.75 0 Td ( )Tj /TT49 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 0.75 0 Td (Conclusions )Tj /TT48 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0024 Tw -1.5 -1.64 Td (Cities are open and non-linear co)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.0045 Tw 13.27 0 Td [(m)8(p)1(lex system)8(s. ANN though proved )]TJ 0.0009 Tc 0.0007 Tw 14.91 0 Td (to have the cap)Tj 0.0007 Tc -0.0007 Tw 6.03 0 Td (ability to )Tj 0.0002 Tc 0.1298 Tw -34.21 -1.15 Td (model non-linear features and handle well the )Tj 0.0001 Tc 19.49 0 Td [(uncertainties of spatial data. ANN h)-5(a)-1(ve two )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.0185 Tw -19.49 -1.15 Td [(m)8(a)-1(in disadvantages: they are black-box devises and )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0198 Tw 21.115 0 Td [(the user\264s intervention is still decisive for)-7( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.0896 Tw -21.115 -1.15 Td (the results quality. Further studies are needed )Tj 0.0897 Tw 19.025 0 Td (to assess the responsiveness of the simulation )Tj 0.0005 Tc -0.0011 Tw -19.025 -1.15 Td [(outputs in)6( face of changes in the type,)6( structur)]TJ 0.0007 Tc -0.0023 Tw 18.47 0 Td [(e an)6(d internal param)9(ete)]TJ 0.0004 Tc -0.0004 Tw 9.35 0 Td [(rs of the network.)5( )]TJ /TT49 1 Tf 0.0007 Tc 0 Tw -27.82 -2.16 Td [(References)5( )]TJ /TT48 1 Tf -0.0011 Tc 0.0146 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 504.3803 Tm [(Batty, M; Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, H.; Eichen)-4(, M. Urban)-4( )6(syste)-6(m)10(s as cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata,)]TJ /TT51 1 Tf -0.0022 Tc 0.0157 Tw 29 0 Td [( E)-8(n)-5(vironm)-5(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plan)-5(n)-5(i)6(ng)-5( B)]TJ /TT48 1 Tf 0.0025 Tc 0.011 Tw 12.7605 0 Td [(,)7( v.)7(2)6(4, )6(p.)13( )]TJ -0.0026 Tc -0.0019 Tw -41.7605 -1.1497 Td [(1)-6(59-)-5(164)-6(, 19)-6(97)-6(. )]TJ -0.0018 Tc 0.0811 Tw 0 -1.6467 TD [(Co)-5(n)-5(s)-2(tan)-5(za, R. )6(Mo)-5(d)-5(e)-1(l goo)-5(dn)-5(ess o)-5(f)-4( fit: a )-6(m)10(u)-5(ltip)-5(le reso)-5(lu)-5(tion p)-5(r)2(o)-5(cedu)-5(r)-4(e, )]TJ /TT51 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0817 Tw 28.9461 0 Td [(Eco)-5(log)-5(ica)-5(l Mod)-5(e)4(llin)-5(g)]TJ /TT48 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.0749 Tw 8.7545 0 Td [(, )-6(v)-4(.)3(47)-4(, p)-4(.)-3( 1)-4(99-)-4(215)-4(,)-9( )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0 Tw -37.7006 -1.1437 Td [(1)-4(989)-4(. )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0.062 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, )6(H. )6(Cellu)-4(lar wo)-4(rl)8(ds: a fram)11(ewo)-4(rk for m)11(o)-4(d)-4(ellin)-4(g micro)-4(-)-3(m)11(acro)-4( )6(d)-4(y)2(n)-4(am)11(i)2(cs, )]TJ /TT51 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0.0641 Tw 33.5569 0 Td [(En)-6(viro)-6(nm)-5(en)-6(ta)-6(l and)-6( Plann)-6(ing)-6( )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw -33.5569 -1.1497 Td (A)Tj /TT48 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw 0.6108 0 Td [(, v)-4(.)3(1)-4(7)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 58)-4(5-)-4(596)-4(, 19)-4(85)-4(. )]TJ -0.0005 Tc 0.0559 Tw -0.6108 -1.6467 Td [(Dead)-3(m)11(an)-3(,)-2( P.; )6(Brown, R. )6(D.; )6(Gim)11(b)-3(let)-4(t)2(, P. M)8(o)-3(d)-3(elling)-3( )6(rura)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0575 Tw 23.0838 0 Td [(l resid)-5(e)-1(n)-5(tial settle)-7(m)9(e)-1(n)-5(t p)-5(a)-1(tterns with)-5( cellu)-5(lar au)-5(to)-5(m)9(a)-1(ta,)-10( )]TJ /TT51 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc -0.0006 Tw -23.0838 -1.1497 Td [(Jou)5(r)2(n)5(a)-1(l)5( )6(of)5( Env)9(i)5(ron)5(me)9(n)-1(t)5(a)-1(l)5( M)9(a)5(na)5(ge)9(ment)]TJ /TT48 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 15.7784 0 Td [(, )-6( v)-5(.)-3( 37)-5(, p)-5(.)3( )-6(147)-5(-16)-5(0)1(, 1)-5(993)-5(. )]TJ 0.0017 Tc 0.0357 Tw -15.7784 -1.5449 Td [(Fi)4(sher)5(, M)5(. M)5(.;)10( Ab)5(ra)8(hart)4(, R)4(. J)8(. Ne)8(ur)5(oc)8(om)13(put)4(i)4(ng \226)5( t)4(o)5(ol)4(s f)5(o)-1(r )6(geo)5(g)5(r)-1(ap)5(her)5(s)2(. I)5(n)-1(:)4( O)5(p)-1(en)5(sha)8(w)-1(, )6(S.;)4( A)5(b)-1(ra)8(hart)4(, R)10(. J. \(e)8(ds)8(\))5(,)6( )]TJ /TT51 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(G)-5(e)-2(o)-6(c)4(om)-5(pu)-6(ta)-6(ti)6(o)-6(n)]TJ /TT48 1 Tf -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw 6.6527 0 Td [(, )6(N)-5(e)-2(w Yo)-5(rk)-5(:)6( Taylo)-5(r)-5( )6(& Fr)-5(ancis, ch)-5(ap)-5(.8)-5(, p. )6(1)-5(87-)-5(217)-5(, )6(20)-5(00)-5(. )]TJ -0.0013 Tc 0.0028 Tw -6.6527 -1.5449 Td [(Gong)-4(, P. In)-4(tegrated)-4( an)-4(alysis o)-4(f)-4( sp)-4(atial d)-4(a)-1(ta )-6(fro)-4(m)10( )-6(m)10(u)-10(ltip)]TJ -0.0016 Tc 0.0031 Tw 22.2096 0 Td [(le )-6(so)-5(urces: u)-5(s)-2(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( )6(ev)-5(id)-5(en)-5(tial reaso)-5(n)-5(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( an)-5(d)-5( artificial n)-5(e)-1(u)-5(r)-4(al)7( )]TJ 0.0019 Tc 0.0774 Tw -22.2096 -1.1497 Td [(net)4(w)6(or)6(k t)4(ech)5(ni)10(que)9(s f)6(o)-1(r )6(ge)9(ol)4(o)5(g)-1(i)4(cal)4( m)13(a)3(ppi)4(ng,)6( )]TJ /TT51 1 Tf 0.0012 Tc 0.0722 Tw 18.2455 0 Td [(Ph)4(ot)4(o)4(g)-2(ra)4(m)5(m)-1(e)8(t)4(ri)4(c )-6(Engi)10(neeri)4(ng a)4(nd Rem)5(o)-2(t)10(e)2( )-6(Sen)4(s)1(i)4(n)4(g)]TJ /TT48 1 Tf 0.002 Tc 0.0714 Tw 20.8862 0 Td [(, v. 6)5(2)-1(, p. 51)5(3)5(-)]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.003 Tw -39.1317 -1.1437 Td [(5)-4(2)2(3)-4(,)3( 199)-4(6. )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0.0087 Tw 0 -1.5509 TD [(Li, X.; )6(Yeh)-4(,)-3( )6(A. G. Calibration o)-4(f)3( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata b)-4(y)2( u)-4(s)]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0.0054 Tw 22.6527 0 Td [(i)5(n)-1(g)5( ne)9(ural)5( )6(net)5(w)6(or)6(ks )6(fo)5(r t)5(h)-1(e)9( si)5(m)14(u)-7(l)5(a)3(t)5(i)5(on o)5(f c)9(o)-1(m)14(p)-1(lex )6(ur)6(ban)11( )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0 Tw -22.6527 -1.1437 Td [(syste)-6(m)11(s, )]TJ /TT51 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0063 Tw 3.6587 0 Td [(Envi)4(r)8(o)-1(n)5(m)-1(e)9(n)-1(t)4(a)-1(l)4( an)5(d Pl)4(an)5(ni)4(n)5(g)-1( )-6(A)]TJ /TT48 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 12.4491 0 Td [(, v)-5(.)-3( 3)-5(3)1(, p)-5(.)-3( 14)-5(45-)-4(146)-5(2, 2)-5(001)-5(. )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0492 Tw -16.1078 -1.5509 Td [(Li, X.; )6(Ye)7(h, )6(A. G. Ne)7(ural-net)9(work-base)7(d)-3( cellular aut)9(o)-3(m)12(a)]TJ 0.0018 Tc 0.0476 Tw 23.1737 0 Td [(t)4(a)3( )-6(fo)5(r si)4(m)13(u)-1(l)4(a)3(t)4(i)4(ng m)13(u)-1(lt)4(i)4(p)-1(l)4(e)3( l)4(a)3(nd )6(use c)9(h)-1(an)5(ges )6(us)8(i)4(ng )6(GI)6(S)7(,)6( )]TJ /TT51 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0039 Tw -23.1737 -1.1437 Td [(In)-5(tern)-5(a)-5(tiona)-5(l Jo)-5(u)-5(r)4(na)-5(l )6(o)-5(f Geogra)-5(p)1(h)-5(ica)-5(l In)-5(fo)-5(rma)-5(tion)-5( )6(S)-5(c)-2(ience)]TJ /TT48 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc -0.003 Tw 23.7485 0 Td [(, )-6(v. 1)-4(6)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 32)-4(3-3)-4(4)2(3)-4(,)3( )-6(200)-4(2. )]TJ -0.0009 Tc 0.0144 Tw -23.7485 -1.5509 Td [(Pap)-4(i)2(n)-4(i)2(, L.; Rabin)-4(o)-4(,)-2( )6(G. A.; Co)-4(lo)-4(nn)-4(a, )6(A.; Di Stefano)-4(,)-2( )6(V.; Lo)]TJ -0.0008 Tc 23.479 0 Td [(m)11(b)-4(ardo)-4(, S. Learn)-4(i)2(ng)-4( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(to)-4(m)11(ata in)-4( a re)-6(al wo)-4(rl)8(d)-4(:)2( )]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.0988 Tw -23.479 -1.1437 Td [(th)-4(e case stud)-4(y)8( o)-4(f)-4( t)7(h)-4(e Ro)-4(m)10(e)-1( metro)-4(p)2(o)-4(litan)-4( area. In)-4(: Band)-4(i)7(n)-4(i,)]TJ -0.0007 Tc 0.098 Tw 24.1856 0 Td [( S.; Serra, )6(R; Liv)-4(eran)-4(i)2(, )6(F. S. ed. Cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)8(o)-4(m)11(ata)-6(:)-4( )]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.1152 Tw -24.1856 -1.1497 Td [(researc)7(h)-3( t)9(o)-3(wa)7(rds industry. )]TJ /TT51 1 Tf -0.004 Tc 0 Tw 11.0958 0 Td [(ACR)-4(I)-6(\2649)-7(6)]TJ /TT48 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.1168 Tw 3.5509 0 Td [(: )6(Pro)-4(c)-1(eed)-4(i)1(ng)-4(s )6(o)-4(f)2( th)-4(e )6(Th)-4(ird)-4( C)7(o)-4(nferen)-4(ce )6(o)-4(n)2( Cellu)-4(lar Au)-4(to)-4(m)10(a)-1(ta for Research )]TJ -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw -14.6467 -1.1497 Td [(an)-5(d Ind)-5(u)-5(s)-3(t)6(r)-5(y, Lo)-5(ndo)-5(n)-5(: )6(Spr)-5(ing)-5(er)-5(-V)-5(er)-5(lag)-5(,)-4( )6(p)-5(.)2( 165)-5(-18)-5(3)1(, )6(1)-5(998)-5(. )]TJ 0 g ET /GS25 gs BT /T1_12 9 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 1 0 0 1 287.492 28.8 Tm (3704)Tj ET endstream endobj 313 0 obj 8706 endobj 314 0 obj << /Length 315 0 R >> stream /CS26 cs 0 0 0 sc 1 i /RelativeColorimetric ri /GS26 gs BT /TT52 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0294 Tw 12 0 0 12 106.38 731.7203 Tm [(The land us)5(e change simulations w)8(e)-1(re accom)8(p)1(lished by tw)8(o types of stochastic tran)6(sition )]TJ -0.0002 Tc 0.2502 Tw -1.775 -1.15 Td [(algorithm)8(s)-1( \226 \223expander\224 and \223patcher\224 \226 wh)]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.2479 Tw 19.315 0 Td (ich operate changes through expansion and )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1232 Tw -19.315 -1.15 Td [(diffusion, respectively. These sim)8(u)1(lations were )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.1244 Tw 19.76 0 Td (validated according to)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1195 Tw 9.145 0 Td [( a )-10(m)8(u)1(ltiple resolution)6( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.1646 Tw -28.905 -1.15 Td [(fitting m)8(e)-1(thod \(Constan)5(za, 1989\), and the va)]TJ 0.1638 Tw 18.875 0 Td [(lu)5(es obtained for windows 3x3, 5x5 and 9x9)5( )]TJ 0.0296 Tw -18.875 -1.15 Td (were 0.862682, 0.864872, and 0.864644, respectively for S1, S2, and S3. \ It is observable that )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1095 Tw 0 -1.15 TD [(the land use transitions com)8(p)1(ly with econom)]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.1105 Tw 18.55 0 Td (ic theories of urban growth and change)Tj /TT53 1 Tf 0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 503.04 662.7203 Tm (, )Tj /TT52 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 12 0 0 12 509.4 662.7203 Tm (which )Tj 0.0007 Tc 0.0003 Tw -35.36 -1.15 Td [(m)9(axi)-6(m)9(i)-1(ze consum)9(ers\264 and m)9(arkets\264 utilities in)]TJ 0.001 Tc -0.0017 Tw 18.53 0 Td [( te)5(rm)9(s of real s)5(t)-1(ate p)6(r)-1(ic)5(es a)5(nd access)5(i)-1(bility. )]TJ /TT53 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw -18.53 -2.16 Td (7.)Tj /TT54 1 Tf 0.75 0 Td ( )Tj /TT53 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 0.75 0 Td (Conclusions )Tj /TT52 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0024 Tw -1.5 -1.64 Td (Cities are open and non-linear co)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.0045 Tw 13.27 0 Td [(m)8(p)1(lex system)8(s. ANN though proved )]TJ 0.0009 Tc 0.0007 Tw 14.91 0 Td (to have the cap)Tj 0.0007 Tc -0.0007 Tw 6.03 0 Td (ability to )Tj 0.0002 Tc 0.1298 Tw -34.21 -1.15 Td (model non-linear features and handle well the )Tj 0.0001 Tc 19.49 0 Td [(uncertainties of spatial data. ANN h)-5(a)-1(ve two )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.0185 Tw -19.49 -1.15 Td [(m)8(a)-1(in disadvantages: they are black-box devises and )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0198 Tw 21.115 0 Td [(the user\264s intervention is still decisive for)-7( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.0896 Tw -21.115 -1.15 Td (the results quality. Further studies are needed )Tj 0.0897 Tw 19.025 0 Td (to assess the responsiveness of the simulation )Tj 0.0005 Tc -0.0011 Tw -19.025 -1.15 Td [(outputs in)6( face of changes in the type,)6( structur)]TJ 0.0007 Tc -0.0023 Tw 18.47 0 Td [(e an)6(d internal param)9(ete)]TJ 0.0004 Tc -0.0004 Tw 9.35 0 Td [(rs of the network.)5( )]TJ /TT53 1 Tf 0.0007 Tc 0 Tw -27.82 -2.16 Td [(References)5( )]TJ /TT52 1 Tf -0.0011 Tc 0.0146 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 504.3803 Tm [(Batty, M; Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, H.; Eichen)-4(, M. Urban)-4( )6(syste)-6(m)10(s as cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata,)]TJ /TT55 1 Tf -0.0022 Tc 0.0157 Tw 29 0 Td [( E)-8(n)-5(vironm)-5(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plan)-5(n)-5(i)6(ng)-5( B)]TJ /TT52 1 Tf 0.0025 Tc 0.011 Tw 12.7605 0 Td [(,)7( v.)7(2)6(4, )6(p.)13( )]TJ -0.0026 Tc -0.0019 Tw -41.7605 -1.1497 Td [(1)-6(59-)-5(164)-6(, 19)-6(97)-6(. )]TJ -0.0018 Tc 0.0811 Tw 0 -1.6467 TD [(Co)-5(n)-5(s)-2(tan)-5(za, R. )6(Mo)-5(d)-5(e)-1(l goo)-5(dn)-5(ess o)-5(f)-4( fit: a )-6(m)10(u)-5(ltip)-5(le reso)-5(lu)-5(tion p)-5(r)2(o)-5(cedu)-5(r)-4(e, )]TJ /TT55 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0817 Tw 28.9461 0 Td [(Eco)-5(log)-5(ica)-5(l Mod)-5(e)4(llin)-5(g)]TJ /TT52 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.0749 Tw 8.7545 0 Td [(, )-6(v)-4(.)3(47)-4(, p)-4(.)-3( 1)-4(99-)-4(215)-4(,)-9( )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0 Tw -37.7006 -1.1437 Td [(1)-4(989)-4(. )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0.062 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, )6(H. )6(Cellu)-4(lar wo)-4(rl)8(ds: a fram)11(ewo)-4(rk for m)11(o)-4(d)-4(ellin)-4(g micro)-4(-)-3(m)11(acro)-4( )6(d)-4(y)2(n)-4(am)11(i)2(cs, )]TJ /TT55 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0.0641 Tw 33.5569 0 Td [(En)-6(viro)-6(nm)-5(en)-6(ta)-6(l and)-6( Plann)-6(ing)-6( )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw -33.5569 -1.1497 Td (A)Tj /TT52 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw 0.6108 0 Td [(, v)-4(.)3(1)-4(7)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 58)-4(5-)-4(596)-4(, 19)-4(85)-4(. )]TJ -0.0005 Tc 0.0559 Tw -0.6108 -1.6467 Td [(Dead)-3(m)11(an)-3(,)-2( P.; )6(Brown, R. )6(D.; )6(Gim)11(b)-3(let)-4(t)2(, P. M)8(o)-3(d)-3(elling)-3( )6(rura)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0575 Tw 23.0838 0 Td [(l resid)-5(e)-1(n)-5(tial settle)-7(m)9(e)-1(n)-5(t p)-5(a)-1(tterns with)-5( cellu)-5(lar au)-5(to)-5(m)9(a)-1(ta,)-10( )]TJ /TT55 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc -0.0006 Tw -23.0838 -1.1497 Td [(Jou)5(r)2(n)5(a)-1(l)5( )6(of)5( Env)9(i)5(ron)5(me)9(n)-1(t)5(a)-1(l)5( M)9(a)5(na)5(ge)9(ment)]TJ /TT52 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 15.7784 0 Td [(, )-6( v)-5(.)-3( 37)-5(, p)-5(.)3( )-6(147)-5(-16)-5(0)1(, 1)-5(993)-5(. )]TJ 0.0017 Tc 0.0357 Tw -15.7784 -1.5449 Td [(Fi)4(sher)5(, M)5(. M)5(.;)10( Ab)5(ra)8(hart)4(, R)4(. J)8(. Ne)8(ur)5(oc)8(om)13(put)4(i)4(ng \226)5( t)4(o)5(ol)4(s f)5(o)-1(r )6(geo)5(g)5(r)-1(ap)5(her)5(s)2(. I)5(n)-1(:)4( O)5(p)-1(en)5(sha)8(w)-1(, )6(S.;)4( A)5(b)-1(ra)8(hart)4(, R)10(. J. \(e)8(ds)8(\))5(,)6( )]TJ /TT55 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(G)-5(e)-2(o)-6(c)4(om)-5(pu)-6(ta)-6(ti)6(o)-6(n)]TJ /TT52 1 Tf -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw 6.6527 0 Td [(, )6(N)-5(e)-2(w Yo)-5(rk)-5(:)6( Taylo)-5(r)-5( )6(& Fr)-5(ancis, ch)-5(ap)-5(.8)-5(, p. )6(1)-5(87-)-5(217)-5(, )6(20)-5(00)-5(. )]TJ -0.0013 Tc 0.0028 Tw -6.6527 -1.5449 Td [(Gong)-4(, P. In)-4(tegrated)-4( an)-4(alysis o)-4(f)-4( sp)-4(atial d)-4(a)-1(ta )-6(fro)-4(m)10( )-6(m)10(u)-10(ltip)]TJ -0.0016 Tc 0.0031 Tw 22.2096 0 Td [(le )-6(so)-5(urces: u)-5(s)-2(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( )6(ev)-5(id)-5(en)-5(tial reaso)-5(n)-5(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( an)-5(d)-5( artificial n)-5(e)-1(u)-5(r)-4(al)7( )]TJ 0.0019 Tc 0.0774 Tw -22.2096 -1.1497 Td [(net)4(w)6(or)6(k t)4(ech)5(ni)10(que)9(s f)6(o)-1(r )6(ge)9(ol)4(o)5(g)-1(i)4(cal)4( m)13(a)3(ppi)4(ng,)6( )]TJ /TT55 1 Tf 0.0012 Tc 0.0722 Tw 18.2455 0 Td [(Ph)4(ot)4(o)4(g)-2(ra)4(m)5(m)-1(e)8(t)4(ri)4(c )-6(Engi)10(neeri)4(ng a)4(nd Rem)5(o)-2(t)10(e)2( )-6(Sen)4(s)1(i)4(n)4(g)]TJ /TT52 1 Tf 0.002 Tc 0.0714 Tw 20.8862 0 Td [(, v. 6)5(2)-1(, p. 51)5(3)5(-)]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.003 Tw -39.1317 -1.1437 Td [(5)-4(2)2(3)-4(,)3( 199)-4(6. )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0.0087 Tw 0 -1.5509 TD [(Li, X.; )6(Yeh)-4(,)-3( )6(A. G. Calibration o)-4(f)3( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata b)-4(y)2( u)-4(s)]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0.0054 Tw 22.6527 0 Td [(i)5(n)-1(g)5( ne)9(ural)5( )6(net)5(w)6(or)6(ks )6(fo)5(r t)5(h)-1(e)9( si)5(m)14(u)-7(l)5(a)3(t)5(i)5(on o)5(f c)9(o)-1(m)14(p)-1(lex )6(ur)6(ban)11( )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0 Tw -22.6527 -1.1437 Td [(syste)-6(m)11(s, )]TJ /TT55 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0063 Tw 3.6587 0 Td [(Envi)4(r)8(o)-1(n)5(m)-1(e)9(n)-1(t)4(a)-1(l)4( an)5(d Pl)4(an)5(ni)4(n)5(g)-1( )-6(A)]TJ /TT52 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 12.4491 0 Td [(, v)-5(.)-3( 3)-5(3)1(, p)-5(.)-3( 14)-5(45-)-4(146)-5(2, 2)-5(001)-5(. )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0492 Tw -16.1078 -1.5509 Td [(Li, X.; )6(Ye)7(h, )6(A. G. Ne)7(ural-net)9(work-base)7(d)-3( cellular aut)9(o)-3(m)12(a)]TJ 0.0018 Tc 0.0476 Tw 23.1737 0 Td [(t)4(a)3( )-6(fo)5(r si)4(m)13(u)-1(l)4(a)3(t)4(i)4(ng m)13(u)-1(lt)4(i)4(p)-1(l)4(e)3( l)4(a)3(nd )6(use c)9(h)-1(an)5(ges )6(us)8(i)4(ng )6(GI)6(S)7(,)6( )]TJ /TT55 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0039 Tw -23.1737 -1.1437 Td [(In)-5(tern)-5(a)-5(tiona)-5(l Jo)-5(u)-5(r)4(na)-5(l )6(o)-5(f Geogra)-5(p)1(h)-5(ica)-5(l In)-5(fo)-5(rma)-5(tion)-5( )6(S)-5(c)-2(ience)]TJ /TT52 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc -0.003 Tw 23.7485 0 Td [(, )-6(v. 1)-4(6)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 32)-4(3-3)-4(4)2(3)-4(,)3( )-6(200)-4(2. )]TJ -0.0009 Tc 0.0144 Tw -23.7485 -1.5509 Td [(Pap)-4(i)2(n)-4(i)2(, L.; Rabin)-4(o)-4(,)-2( )6(G. A.; Co)-4(lo)-4(nn)-4(a, )6(A.; Di Stefano)-4(,)-2( )6(V.; Lo)]TJ -0.0008 Tc 23.479 0 Td [(m)11(b)-4(ardo)-4(, S. Learn)-4(i)2(ng)-4( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(to)-4(m)11(ata in)-4( a re)-6(al wo)-4(rl)8(d)-4(:)2( )]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.0988 Tw -23.479 -1.1437 Td [(th)-4(e case stud)-4(y)8( o)-4(f)-4( t)7(h)-4(e Ro)-4(m)10(e)-1( metro)-4(p)2(o)-4(litan)-4( area. In)-4(: Band)-4(i)7(n)-4(i,)]TJ -0.0007 Tc 0.098 Tw 24.1856 0 Td [( S.; Serra, )6(R; Liv)-4(eran)-4(i)2(, )6(F. S. ed. Cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)8(o)-4(m)11(ata)-6(:)-4( )]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.1152 Tw -24.1856 -1.1497 Td [(researc)7(h)-3( t)9(o)-3(wa)7(rds industry. )]TJ /TT55 1 Tf -0.004 Tc 0 Tw 11.0958 0 Td [(ACR)-4(I)-6(\2649)-7(6)]TJ /TT52 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.1168 Tw 3.5509 0 Td [(: )6(Pro)-4(c)-1(eed)-4(i)1(ng)-4(s )6(o)-4(f)2( th)-4(e )6(Th)-4(ird)-4( C)7(o)-4(nferen)-4(ce )6(o)-4(n)2( Cellu)-4(lar Au)-4(to)-4(m)10(a)-1(ta for Research )]TJ 0 g ET /GS27 gs BT /T1_13 9 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 1 0 0 1 287.492 28.8 Tm (3704)Tj ET endstream endobj 315 0 obj 8504 endobj 316 0 obj << /Length 317 0 R >> stream /CS28 cs 0 0 0 sc 1 i /RelativeColorimetric ri /GS28 gs BT /TT56 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0294 Tw 12 0 0 12 106.38 731.7203 Tm [(The land us)5(e change simulations w)8(e)-1(re accom)8(p)1(lished by tw)8(o types of stochastic tran)6(sition )]TJ -0.0002 Tc 0.2502 Tw -1.775 -1.15 Td [(algorithm)8(s)-1( \226 \223expander\224 and \223patcher\224 \226 wh)]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.2479 Tw 19.315 0 Td (ich operate changes through expansion and )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1232 Tw -19.315 -1.15 Td [(diffusion, respectively. These sim)8(u)1(lations were )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.1244 Tw 19.76 0 Td (validated according to)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1195 Tw 9.145 0 Td [( a )-10(m)8(u)1(ltiple resolution)6( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.1646 Tw -28.905 -1.15 Td [(fitting m)8(e)-1(thod \(Constan)5(za, 1989\), and the va)]TJ 0.1638 Tw 18.875 0 Td [(lu)5(es obtained for windows 3x3, 5x5 and 9x9)5( )]TJ 0.0296 Tw -18.875 -1.15 Td (were 0.862682, 0.864872, and 0.864644, respectively for S1, S2, and S3. \ It is observable that )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1095 Tw 0 -1.15 TD [(the land use transitions com)8(p)1(ly with econom)]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.1105 Tw 18.55 0 Td (ic theories of urban growth and change)Tj /TT57 1 Tf 0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 503.04 662.7203 Tm (, )Tj /TT56 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 12 0 0 12 509.4 662.7203 Tm (which )Tj 0.0007 Tc 0.0003 Tw -35.36 -1.15 Td [(m)9(axi)-6(m)9(i)-1(ze consum)9(ers\264 and m)9(arkets\264 utilities in)]TJ 0.001 Tc -0.0017 Tw 18.53 0 Td [( te)5(rm)9(s of real s)5(t)-1(ate p)6(r)-1(ic)5(es a)5(nd access)5(i)-1(bility. )]TJ /TT57 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw -18.53 -2.16 Td (7.)Tj /TT58 1 Tf 0.75 0 Td ( )Tj /TT57 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 0.75 0 Td (Conclusions )Tj /TT56 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0024 Tw -1.5 -1.64 Td (Cities are open and non-linear co)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.0045 Tw 13.27 0 Td [(m)8(p)1(lex system)8(s. ANN though proved )]TJ 0.0009 Tc 0.0007 Tw 14.91 0 Td (to have the cap)Tj 0.0007 Tc -0.0007 Tw 6.03 0 Td (ability to )Tj 0.0002 Tc 0.1298 Tw -34.21 -1.15 Td (model non-linear features and handle well the )Tj 0.0001 Tc 19.49 0 Td [(uncertainties of spatial data. ANN h)-5(a)-1(ve two )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.0185 Tw -19.49 -1.15 Td [(m)8(a)-1(in disadvantages: they are black-box devises and )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0198 Tw 21.115 0 Td [(the user\264s intervention is still decisive for)-7( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.0896 Tw -21.115 -1.15 Td (the results quality. Further studies are needed )Tj 0.0897 Tw 19.025 0 Td (to assess the responsiveness of the simulation )Tj 0.0005 Tc -0.0011 Tw -19.025 -1.15 Td [(outputs in)6( face of changes in the type,)6( structur)]TJ 0.0007 Tc -0.0023 Tw 18.47 0 Td [(e an)6(d internal param)9(ete)]TJ 0.0004 Tc -0.0004 Tw 9.35 0 Td [(rs of the network.)5( )]TJ /TT57 1 Tf 0.0007 Tc 0 Tw -27.82 -2.16 Td [(References)5( )]TJ /TT56 1 Tf -0.0011 Tc 0.0146 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 504.3803 Tm [(Batty, M; Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, H.; Eichen)-4(, M. Urban)-4( )6(syste)-6(m)10(s as cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata,)]TJ /TT59 1 Tf -0.0022 Tc 0.0157 Tw 29 0 Td [( E)-8(n)-5(vironm)-5(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plan)-5(n)-5(i)6(ng)-5( B)]TJ /TT56 1 Tf 0.0025 Tc 0.011 Tw 12.7605 0 Td [(,)7( v.)7(2)6(4, )6(p.)13( )]TJ -0.0026 Tc -0.0019 Tw -41.7605 -1.1497 Td [(1)-6(59-)-5(164)-6(, 19)-6(97)-6(. )]TJ -0.0018 Tc 0.0811 Tw 0 -1.6467 TD [(Co)-5(n)-5(s)-2(tan)-5(za, R. )6(Mo)-5(d)-5(e)-1(l goo)-5(dn)-5(ess o)-5(f)-4( fit: a )-6(m)10(u)-5(ltip)-5(le reso)-5(lu)-5(tion p)-5(r)2(o)-5(cedu)-5(r)-4(e, )]TJ /TT59 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0817 Tw 28.9461 0 Td [(Eco)-5(log)-5(ica)-5(l Mod)-5(e)4(llin)-5(g)]TJ /TT56 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.0749 Tw 8.7545 0 Td [(, )-6(v)-4(.)3(47)-4(, p)-4(.)-3( 1)-4(99-)-4(215)-4(,)-9( )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0 Tw -37.7006 -1.1437 Td [(1)-4(989)-4(. )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0.062 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, )6(H. )6(Cellu)-4(lar wo)-4(rl)8(ds: a fram)11(ewo)-4(rk for m)11(o)-4(d)-4(ellin)-4(g micro)-4(-)-3(m)11(acro)-4( )6(d)-4(y)2(n)-4(am)11(i)2(cs, )]TJ /TT59 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0.0641 Tw 33.5569 0 Td [(En)-6(viro)-6(nm)-5(en)-6(ta)-6(l and)-6( Plann)-6(ing)-6( )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw -33.5569 -1.1497 Td (A)Tj /TT56 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw 0.6108 0 Td [(, v)-4(.)3(1)-4(7)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 58)-4(5-)-4(596)-4(, 19)-4(85)-4(. )]TJ -0.0005 Tc 0.0559 Tw -0.6108 -1.6467 Td [(Dead)-3(m)11(an)-3(,)-2( P.; )6(Brown, R. )6(D.; )6(Gim)11(b)-3(let)-4(t)2(, P. M)8(o)-3(d)-3(elling)-3( )6(rura)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0575 Tw 23.0838 0 Td [(l resid)-5(e)-1(n)-5(tial settle)-7(m)9(e)-1(n)-5(t p)-5(a)-1(tterns with)-5( cellu)-5(lar au)-5(to)-5(m)9(a)-1(ta,)-10( )]TJ /TT59 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc -0.0006 Tw -23.0838 -1.1497 Td [(Jou)5(r)2(n)5(a)-1(l)5( )6(of)5( Env)9(i)5(ron)5(me)9(n)-1(t)5(a)-1(l)5( M)9(a)5(na)5(ge)9(ment)]TJ /TT56 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 15.7784 0 Td [(, )-6( v)-5(.)-3( 37)-5(, p)-5(.)3( )-6(147)-5(-16)-5(0)1(, 1)-5(993)-5(. )]TJ 0.0017 Tc 0.0357 Tw -15.7784 -1.5449 Td [(Fi)4(sher)5(, M)5(. M)5(.;)10( Ab)5(ra)8(hart)4(, R)4(. J)8(. Ne)8(ur)5(oc)8(om)13(put)4(i)4(ng \226)5( t)4(o)5(ol)4(s f)5(o)-1(r )6(geo)5(g)5(r)-1(ap)5(her)5(s)2(. I)5(n)-1(:)4( O)5(p)-1(en)5(sha)8(w)-1(, )6(S.;)4( A)5(b)-1(ra)8(hart)4(, R)10(. J. \(e)8(ds)8(\))5(,)6( )]TJ /TT59 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(G)-5(e)-2(o)-6(c)4(om)-5(pu)-6(ta)-6(ti)6(o)-6(n)]TJ /TT56 1 Tf -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw 6.6527 0 Td [(, )6(N)-5(e)-2(w Yo)-5(rk)-5(:)6( Taylo)-5(r)-5( )6(& Fr)-5(ancis, ch)-5(ap)-5(.8)-5(, p. )6(1)-5(87-)-5(217)-5(, )6(20)-5(00)-5(. )]TJ -0.0013 Tc 0.0028 Tw -6.6527 -1.5449 Td [(Gong)-4(, P. In)-4(tegrated)-4( an)-4(alysis o)-4(f)-4( sp)-4(atial d)-4(a)-1(ta )-6(fro)-4(m)10( )-6(m)10(u)-10(ltip)]TJ -0.0016 Tc 0.0031 Tw 22.2096 0 Td [(le )-6(so)-5(urces: u)-5(s)-2(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( )6(ev)-5(id)-5(en)-5(tial reaso)-5(n)-5(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( an)-5(d)-5( artificial n)-5(e)-1(u)-5(r)-4(al)7( )]TJ 0.0019 Tc 0.0774 Tw -22.2096 -1.1497 Td [(net)4(w)6(or)6(k t)4(ech)5(ni)10(que)9(s f)6(o)-1(r )6(ge)9(ol)4(o)5(g)-1(i)4(cal)4( m)13(a)3(ppi)4(ng,)6( )]TJ /TT59 1 Tf 0.0012 Tc 0.0722 Tw 18.2455 0 Td [(Ph)4(ot)4(o)4(g)-2(ra)4(m)5(m)-1(e)8(t)4(ri)4(c )-6(Engi)10(neeri)4(ng a)4(nd Rem)5(o)-2(t)10(e)2( )-6(Sen)4(s)1(i)4(n)4(g)]TJ /TT56 1 Tf 0.002 Tc 0.0714 Tw 20.8862 0 Td [(, v. 6)5(2)-1(, p. 51)5(3)5(-)]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.003 Tw -39.1317 -1.1437 Td [(5)-4(2)2(3)-4(,)3( 199)-4(6. )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0.0087 Tw 0 -1.5509 TD [(Li, X.; )6(Yeh)-4(,)-3( )6(A. G. Calibration o)-4(f)3( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata b)-4(y)2( u)-4(s)]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0.0054 Tw 22.6527 0 Td [(i)5(n)-1(g)5( ne)9(ural)5( )6(net)5(w)6(or)6(ks )6(fo)5(r t)5(h)-1(e)9( si)5(m)14(u)-7(l)5(a)3(t)5(i)5(on o)5(f c)9(o)-1(m)14(p)-1(lex )6(ur)6(ban)11( )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0 Tw -22.6527 -1.1437 Td [(syste)-6(m)11(s, )]TJ /TT59 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0063 Tw 3.6587 0 Td [(Envi)4(r)8(o)-1(n)5(m)-1(e)9(n)-1(t)4(a)-1(l)4( an)5(d Pl)4(an)5(ni)4(n)5(g)-1( )-6(A)]TJ /TT56 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 12.4491 0 Td [(, v)-5(.)-3( 3)-5(3)1(, p)-5(.)-3( 14)-5(45-)-4(146)-5(2, 2)-5(001)-5(. )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0492 Tw -16.1078 -1.5509 Td [(Li, X.; )6(Ye)7(h, )6(A. G. Ne)7(ural-net)9(work-base)7(d)-3( cellular aut)9(o)-3(m)12(a)]TJ 0.0018 Tc 0.0476 Tw 23.1737 0 Td [(t)4(a)3( )-6(fo)5(r si)4(m)13(u)-1(l)4(a)3(t)4(i)4(ng m)13(u)-1(lt)4(i)4(p)-1(l)4(e)3( l)4(a)3(nd )6(use c)9(h)-1(an)5(ges )6(us)8(i)4(ng )6(GI)6(S)7(,)6( )]TJ /TT59 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0039 Tw -23.1737 -1.1437 Td [(In)-5(tern)-5(a)-5(tiona)-5(l Jo)-5(u)-5(r)4(na)-5(l )6(o)-5(f Geogra)-5(p)1(h)-5(ica)-5(l In)-5(fo)-5(rma)-5(tion)-5( )6(S)-5(c)-2(ience)]TJ /TT56 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc -0.003 Tw 23.7485 0 Td [(, )-6(v. 1)-4(6)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 32)-4(3-3)-4(4)2(3)-4(,)3( )-6(200)-4(2. )]TJ -0.0009 Tc 0.0144 Tw -23.7485 -1.5509 Td [(Pap)-4(i)2(n)-4(i)2(, L.; Rabin)-4(o)-4(,)-2( )6(G. A.; Co)-4(lo)-4(nn)-4(a, )6(A.; Di Stefano)-4(,)-2( )6(V.; Lo)]TJ -0.0008 Tc 23.479 0 Td [(m)11(b)-4(ardo)-4(, S. Learn)-4(i)2(ng)-4( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(to)-4(m)11(ata in)-4( a re)-6(al wo)-4(rl)8(d)-4(:)2( )]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.0988 Tw -23.479 -1.1437 Td [(th)-4(e case stud)-4(y)8( o)-4(f)-4( t)7(h)-4(e Ro)-4(m)10(e)-1( metro)-4(p)2(o)-4(litan)-4( area. In)-4(: Band)-4(i)7(n)-4(i,)]TJ -0.0007 Tc 0.098 Tw 24.1856 0 Td [( S.; Serra, )6(R; Liv)-4(eran)-4(i)2(, )6(F. S. ed. Cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)8(o)-4(m)11(ata)-6(:)-4( )]TJ 0 g ET /GS29 gs BT /T1_14 9 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 1 0 0 1 287.492 28.8 Tm (3704)Tj ET endstream endobj 317 0 obj 8134 endobj 318 0 obj << /Length 319 0 R >> stream /CS30 cs 0 0 0 sc 1 i /RelativeColorimetric ri /GS30 gs BT /TT60 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0294 Tw 12 0 0 12 106.38 731.7203 Tm [(The land us)5(e change simulations w)8(e)-1(re accom)8(p)1(lished by tw)8(o types of stochastic tran)6(sition )]TJ -0.0002 Tc 0.2502 Tw -1.775 -1.15 Td [(algorithm)8(s)-1( \226 \223expander\224 and \223patcher\224 \226 wh)]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.2479 Tw 19.315 0 Td (ich operate changes through expansion and )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1232 Tw -19.315 -1.15 Td [(diffusion, respectively. These sim)8(u)1(lations were )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.1244 Tw 19.76 0 Td (validated according to)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1195 Tw 9.145 0 Td [( a )-10(m)8(u)1(ltiple resolution)6( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.1646 Tw -28.905 -1.15 Td [(fitting m)8(e)-1(thod \(Constan)5(za, 1989\), and the va)]TJ 0.1638 Tw 18.875 0 Td [(lu)5(es obtained for windows 3x3, 5x5 and 9x9)5( )]TJ 0.0296 Tw -18.875 -1.15 Td (were 0.862682, 0.864872, and 0.864644, respectively for S1, S2, and S3. \ It is observable that )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1095 Tw 0 -1.15 TD [(the land use transitions com)8(p)1(ly with econom)]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.1105 Tw 18.55 0 Td (ic theories of urban growth and change)Tj /TT61 1 Tf 0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 503.04 662.7203 Tm (, )Tj /TT60 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 12 0 0 12 509.4 662.7203 Tm (which )Tj 0.0007 Tc 0.0003 Tw -35.36 -1.15 Td [(m)9(axi)-6(m)9(i)-1(ze consum)9(ers\264 and m)9(arkets\264 utilities in)]TJ 0.001 Tc -0.0017 Tw 18.53 0 Td [( te)5(rm)9(s of real s)5(t)-1(ate p)6(r)-1(ic)5(es a)5(nd access)5(i)-1(bility. )]TJ /TT61 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw -18.53 -2.16 Td (7.)Tj /TT62 1 Tf 0.75 0 Td ( )Tj /TT61 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 0.75 0 Td (Conclusions )Tj /TT60 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0024 Tw -1.5 -1.64 Td (Cities are open and non-linear co)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.0045 Tw 13.27 0 Td [(m)8(p)1(lex system)8(s. ANN though proved )]TJ 0.0009 Tc 0.0007 Tw 14.91 0 Td (to have the cap)Tj 0.0007 Tc -0.0007 Tw 6.03 0 Td (ability to )Tj 0.0002 Tc 0.1298 Tw -34.21 -1.15 Td (model non-linear features and handle well the )Tj 0.0001 Tc 19.49 0 Td [(uncertainties of spatial data. ANN h)-5(a)-1(ve two )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.0185 Tw -19.49 -1.15 Td [(m)8(a)-1(in disadvantages: they are black-box devises and )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0198 Tw 21.115 0 Td [(the user\264s intervention is still decisive for)-7( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.0896 Tw -21.115 -1.15 Td (the results quality. Further studies are needed )Tj 0.0897 Tw 19.025 0 Td (to assess the responsiveness of the simulation )Tj 0.0005 Tc -0.0011 Tw -19.025 -1.15 Td [(outputs in)6( face of changes in the type,)6( structur)]TJ 0.0007 Tc -0.0023 Tw 18.47 0 Td [(e an)6(d internal param)9(ete)]TJ 0.0004 Tc -0.0004 Tw 9.35 0 Td [(rs of the network.)5( )]TJ /TT61 1 Tf 0.0007 Tc 0 Tw -27.82 -2.16 Td [(References)5( )]TJ /TT60 1 Tf -0.0011 Tc 0.0146 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 504.3803 Tm [(Batty, M; Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, H.; Eichen)-4(, M. Urban)-4( )6(syste)-6(m)10(s as cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata,)]TJ /TT63 1 Tf -0.0022 Tc 0.0157 Tw 29 0 Td [( E)-8(n)-5(vironm)-5(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plan)-5(n)-5(i)6(ng)-5( B)]TJ /TT60 1 Tf 0.0025 Tc 0.011 Tw 12.7605 0 Td [(,)7( v.)7(2)6(4, )6(p.)13( )]TJ -0.0026 Tc -0.0019 Tw -41.7605 -1.1497 Td [(1)-6(59-)-5(164)-6(, 19)-6(97)-6(. )]TJ -0.0018 Tc 0.0811 Tw 0 -1.6467 TD [(Co)-5(n)-5(s)-2(tan)-5(za, R. )6(Mo)-5(d)-5(e)-1(l goo)-5(dn)-5(ess o)-5(f)-4( fit: a )-6(m)10(u)-5(ltip)-5(le reso)-5(lu)-5(tion p)-5(r)2(o)-5(cedu)-5(r)-4(e, )]TJ /TT63 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0817 Tw 28.9461 0 Td [(Eco)-5(log)-5(ica)-5(l Mod)-5(e)4(llin)-5(g)]TJ /TT60 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.0749 Tw 8.7545 0 Td [(, )-6(v)-4(.)3(47)-4(, p)-4(.)-3( 1)-4(99-)-4(215)-4(,)-9( )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0 Tw -37.7006 -1.1437 Td [(1)-4(989)-4(. )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0.062 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, )6(H. )6(Cellu)-4(lar wo)-4(rl)8(ds: a fram)11(ewo)-4(rk for m)11(o)-4(d)-4(ellin)-4(g micro)-4(-)-3(m)11(acro)-4( )6(d)-4(y)2(n)-4(am)11(i)2(cs, )]TJ /TT63 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0.0641 Tw 33.5569 0 Td [(En)-6(viro)-6(nm)-5(en)-6(ta)-6(l and)-6( Plann)-6(ing)-6( )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw -33.5569 -1.1497 Td (A)Tj /TT60 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw 0.6108 0 Td [(, v)-4(.)3(1)-4(7)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 58)-4(5-)-4(596)-4(, 19)-4(85)-4(. )]TJ -0.0005 Tc 0.0559 Tw -0.6108 -1.6467 Td [(Dead)-3(m)11(an)-3(,)-2( P.; )6(Brown, R. )6(D.; )6(Gim)11(b)-3(let)-4(t)2(, P. M)8(o)-3(d)-3(elling)-3( )6(rura)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0575 Tw 23.0838 0 Td [(l resid)-5(e)-1(n)-5(tial settle)-7(m)9(e)-1(n)-5(t p)-5(a)-1(tterns with)-5( cellu)-5(lar au)-5(to)-5(m)9(a)-1(ta,)-10( )]TJ /TT63 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc -0.0006 Tw -23.0838 -1.1497 Td [(Jou)5(r)2(n)5(a)-1(l)5( )6(of)5( Env)9(i)5(ron)5(me)9(n)-1(t)5(a)-1(l)5( M)9(a)5(na)5(ge)9(ment)]TJ /TT60 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 15.7784 0 Td [(, )-6( v)-5(.)-3( 37)-5(, p)-5(.)3( )-6(147)-5(-16)-5(0)1(, 1)-5(993)-5(. )]TJ 0.0017 Tc 0.0357 Tw -15.7784 -1.5449 Td [(Fi)4(sher)5(, M)5(. M)5(.;)10( Ab)5(ra)8(hart)4(, R)4(. J)8(. Ne)8(ur)5(oc)8(om)13(put)4(i)4(ng \226)5( t)4(o)5(ol)4(s f)5(o)-1(r )6(geo)5(g)5(r)-1(ap)5(her)5(s)2(. I)5(n)-1(:)4( O)5(p)-1(en)5(sha)8(w)-1(, )6(S.;)4( A)5(b)-1(ra)8(hart)4(, R)10(. J. \(e)8(ds)8(\))5(,)6( )]TJ /TT63 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(G)-5(e)-2(o)-6(c)4(om)-5(pu)-6(ta)-6(ti)6(o)-6(n)]TJ /TT60 1 Tf -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw 6.6527 0 Td [(, )6(N)-5(e)-2(w Yo)-5(rk)-5(:)6( Taylo)-5(r)-5( )6(& Fr)-5(ancis, ch)-5(ap)-5(.8)-5(, p. )6(1)-5(87-)-5(217)-5(, )6(20)-5(00)-5(. )]TJ -0.0013 Tc 0.0028 Tw -6.6527 -1.5449 Td [(Gong)-4(, P. In)-4(tegrated)-4( an)-4(alysis o)-4(f)-4( sp)-4(atial d)-4(a)-1(ta )-6(fro)-4(m)10( )-6(m)10(u)-10(ltip)]TJ -0.0016 Tc 0.0031 Tw 22.2096 0 Td [(le )-6(so)-5(urces: u)-5(s)-2(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( )6(ev)-5(id)-5(en)-5(tial reaso)-5(n)-5(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( an)-5(d)-5( artificial n)-5(e)-1(u)-5(r)-4(al)7( )]TJ 0.0019 Tc 0.0774 Tw -22.2096 -1.1497 Td [(net)4(w)6(or)6(k t)4(ech)5(ni)10(que)9(s f)6(o)-1(r )6(ge)9(ol)4(o)5(g)-1(i)4(cal)4( m)13(a)3(ppi)4(ng,)6( )]TJ /TT63 1 Tf 0.0012 Tc 0.0722 Tw 18.2455 0 Td [(Ph)4(ot)4(o)4(g)-2(ra)4(m)5(m)-1(e)8(t)4(ri)4(c )-6(Engi)10(neeri)4(ng a)4(nd Rem)5(o)-2(t)10(e)2( )-6(Sen)4(s)1(i)4(n)4(g)]TJ /TT60 1 Tf 0.002 Tc 0.0714 Tw 20.8862 0 Td [(, v. 6)5(2)-1(, p. 51)5(3)5(-)]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.003 Tw -39.1317 -1.1437 Td [(5)-4(2)2(3)-4(,)3( 199)-4(6. )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0.0087 Tw 0 -1.5509 TD [(Li, X.; )6(Yeh)-4(,)-3( )6(A. G. Calibration o)-4(f)3( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata b)-4(y)2( u)-4(s)]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0.0054 Tw 22.6527 0 Td [(i)5(n)-1(g)5( ne)9(ural)5( )6(net)5(w)6(or)6(ks )6(fo)5(r t)5(h)-1(e)9( si)5(m)14(u)-7(l)5(a)3(t)5(i)5(on o)5(f c)9(o)-1(m)14(p)-1(lex )6(ur)6(ban)11( )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0 Tw -22.6527 -1.1437 Td [(syste)-6(m)11(s, )]TJ /TT63 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0063 Tw 3.6587 0 Td [(Envi)4(r)8(o)-1(n)5(m)-1(e)9(n)-1(t)4(a)-1(l)4( an)5(d Pl)4(an)5(ni)4(n)5(g)-1( )-6(A)]TJ /TT60 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 12.4491 0 Td [(, v)-5(.)-3( 3)-5(3)1(, p)-5(.)-3( 14)-5(45-)-4(146)-5(2, 2)-5(001)-5(. )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0492 Tw -16.1078 -1.5509 Td [(Li, X.; )6(Ye)7(h, )6(A. G. Ne)7(ural-net)9(work-base)7(d)-3( cellular aut)9(o)-3(m)12(a)]TJ 0.0018 Tc 0.0476 Tw 23.1737 0 Td [(t)4(a)3( )-6(fo)5(r si)4(m)13(u)-1(l)4(a)3(t)4(i)4(ng m)13(u)-1(lt)4(i)4(p)-1(l)4(e)3( l)4(a)3(nd )6(use c)9(h)-1(an)5(ges )6(us)8(i)4(ng )6(GI)6(S)7(,)6( )]TJ /TT63 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0039 Tw -23.1737 -1.1437 Td [(In)-5(tern)-5(a)-5(tiona)-5(l Jo)-5(u)-5(r)4(na)-5(l )6(o)-5(f Geogra)-5(p)1(h)-5(ica)-5(l In)-5(fo)-5(rma)-5(tion)-5( )6(S)-5(c)-2(ience)]TJ /TT60 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc -0.003 Tw 23.7485 0 Td [(, )-6(v. 1)-4(6)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 32)-4(3-3)-4(4)2(3)-4(,)3( )-6(200)-4(2. )]TJ -0.0009 Tc 0.0144 Tw -23.7485 -1.5509 Td [(Pap)-4(i)2(n)-4(i)2(, L.; Rabin)-4(o)-4(,)-2( )6(G. A.; Co)-4(lo)-4(nn)-4(a, )6(A.; Di Stefano)-4(,)-2( )6(V.; Lo)]TJ -0.0008 Tc 23.479 0 Td [(m)11(b)-4(ardo)-4(, S. Learn)-4(i)2(ng)-4( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(to)-4(m)11(ata in)-4( a re)-6(al wo)-4(rl)8(d)-4(:)2( )]TJ 0 g ET /GS31 gs BT /T1_15 9 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 1 0 0 1 287.492 28.8 Tm (3704)Tj ET endstream endobj 319 0 obj 7823 endobj 320 0 obj << /Length 321 0 R >> stream /CS32 cs 0 0 0 sc 1 i /RelativeColorimetric ri /GS32 gs BT /TT64 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0294 Tw 12 0 0 12 106.38 731.7203 Tm [(The land us)5(e change simulations w)8(e)-1(re accom)8(p)1(lished by tw)8(o types of stochastic tran)6(sition )]TJ -0.0002 Tc 0.2502 Tw -1.775 -1.15 Td [(algorithm)8(s)-1( \226 \223expander\224 and \223patcher\224 \226 wh)]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.2479 Tw 19.315 0 Td (ich operate changes through expansion and )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1232 Tw -19.315 -1.15 Td [(diffusion, respectively. These sim)8(u)1(lations were )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.1244 Tw 19.76 0 Td (validated according to)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1195 Tw 9.145 0 Td [( a )-10(m)8(u)1(ltiple resolution)6( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.1646 Tw -28.905 -1.15 Td [(fitting m)8(e)-1(thod \(Constan)5(za, 1989\), and the va)]TJ 0.1638 Tw 18.875 0 Td [(lu)5(es obtained for windows 3x3, 5x5 and 9x9)5( )]TJ 0.0296 Tw -18.875 -1.15 Td (were 0.862682, 0.864872, and 0.864644, respectively for S1, S2, and S3. \ It is observable that )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1095 Tw 0 -1.15 TD [(the land use transitions com)8(p)1(ly with econom)]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.1105 Tw 18.55 0 Td (ic theories of urban growth and change)Tj /TT65 1 Tf 0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 503.04 662.7203 Tm (, )Tj /TT64 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 12 0 0 12 509.4 662.7203 Tm (which )Tj 0.0007 Tc 0.0003 Tw -35.36 -1.15 Td [(m)9(axi)-6(m)9(i)-1(ze consum)9(ers\264 and m)9(arkets\264 utilities in)]TJ 0.001 Tc -0.0017 Tw 18.53 0 Td [( te)5(rm)9(s of real s)5(t)-1(ate p)6(r)-1(ic)5(es a)5(nd access)5(i)-1(bility. )]TJ /TT65 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw -18.53 -2.16 Td (7.)Tj /TT66 1 Tf 0.75 0 Td ( )Tj /TT65 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 0.75 0 Td (Conclusions )Tj /TT64 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0024 Tw -1.5 -1.64 Td (Cities are open and non-linear co)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.0045 Tw 13.27 0 Td [(m)8(p)1(lex system)8(s. ANN though proved )]TJ 0.0009 Tc 0.0007 Tw 14.91 0 Td (to have the cap)Tj 0.0007 Tc -0.0007 Tw 6.03 0 Td (ability to )Tj 0.0002 Tc 0.1298 Tw -34.21 -1.15 Td (model non-linear features and handle well the )Tj 0.0001 Tc 19.49 0 Td [(uncertainties of spatial data. ANN h)-5(a)-1(ve two )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.0185 Tw -19.49 -1.15 Td [(m)8(a)-1(in disadvantages: they are black-box devises and )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0198 Tw 21.115 0 Td [(the user\264s intervention is still decisive for)-7( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.0896 Tw -21.115 -1.15 Td (the results quality. Further studies are needed )Tj 0.0897 Tw 19.025 0 Td (to assess the responsiveness of the simulation )Tj 0.0005 Tc -0.0011 Tw -19.025 -1.15 Td [(outputs in)6( face of changes in the type,)6( structur)]TJ 0.0007 Tc -0.0023 Tw 18.47 0 Td [(e an)6(d internal param)9(ete)]TJ 0.0004 Tc -0.0004 Tw 9.35 0 Td [(rs of the network.)5( )]TJ /TT65 1 Tf 0.0007 Tc 0 Tw -27.82 -2.16 Td [(References)5( )]TJ /TT64 1 Tf -0.0011 Tc 0.0146 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 504.3803 Tm [(Batty, M; Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, H.; Eichen)-4(, M. Urban)-4( )6(syste)-6(m)10(s as cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata,)]TJ /TT67 1 Tf -0.0022 Tc 0.0157 Tw 29 0 Td [( E)-8(n)-5(vironm)-5(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plan)-5(n)-5(i)6(ng)-5( B)]TJ /TT64 1 Tf 0.0025 Tc 0.011 Tw 12.7605 0 Td [(,)7( v.)7(2)6(4, )6(p.)13( )]TJ -0.0026 Tc -0.0019 Tw -41.7605 -1.1497 Td [(1)-6(59-)-5(164)-6(, 19)-6(97)-6(. )]TJ -0.0018 Tc 0.0811 Tw 0 -1.6467 TD [(Co)-5(n)-5(s)-2(tan)-5(za, R. )6(Mo)-5(d)-5(e)-1(l goo)-5(dn)-5(ess o)-5(f)-4( fit: a )-6(m)10(u)-5(ltip)-5(le reso)-5(lu)-5(tion p)-5(r)2(o)-5(cedu)-5(r)-4(e, )]TJ /TT67 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0817 Tw 28.9461 0 Td [(Eco)-5(log)-5(ica)-5(l Mod)-5(e)4(llin)-5(g)]TJ /TT64 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.0749 Tw 8.7545 0 Td [(, )-6(v)-4(.)3(47)-4(, p)-4(.)-3( 1)-4(99-)-4(215)-4(,)-9( )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0 Tw -37.7006 -1.1437 Td [(1)-4(989)-4(. )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0.062 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, )6(H. )6(Cellu)-4(lar wo)-4(rl)8(ds: a fram)11(ewo)-4(rk for m)11(o)-4(d)-4(ellin)-4(g micro)-4(-)-3(m)11(acro)-4( )6(d)-4(y)2(n)-4(am)11(i)2(cs, )]TJ /TT67 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0.0641 Tw 33.5569 0 Td [(En)-6(viro)-6(nm)-5(en)-6(ta)-6(l and)-6( Plann)-6(ing)-6( )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw -33.5569 -1.1497 Td (A)Tj /TT64 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw 0.6108 0 Td [(, v)-4(.)3(1)-4(7)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 58)-4(5-)-4(596)-4(, 19)-4(85)-4(. )]TJ -0.0005 Tc 0.0559 Tw -0.6108 -1.6467 Td [(Dead)-3(m)11(an)-3(,)-2( P.; )6(Brown, R. )6(D.; )6(Gim)11(b)-3(let)-4(t)2(, P. M)8(o)-3(d)-3(elling)-3( )6(rura)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0575 Tw 23.0838 0 Td [(l resid)-5(e)-1(n)-5(tial settle)-7(m)9(e)-1(n)-5(t p)-5(a)-1(tterns with)-5( cellu)-5(lar au)-5(to)-5(m)9(a)-1(ta,)-10( )]TJ /TT67 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc -0.0006 Tw -23.0838 -1.1497 Td [(Jou)5(r)2(n)5(a)-1(l)5( )6(of)5( Env)9(i)5(ron)5(me)9(n)-1(t)5(a)-1(l)5( M)9(a)5(na)5(ge)9(ment)]TJ /TT64 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 15.7784 0 Td [(, )-6( v)-5(.)-3( 37)-5(, p)-5(.)3( )-6(147)-5(-16)-5(0)1(, 1)-5(993)-5(. )]TJ 0.0017 Tc 0.0357 Tw -15.7784 -1.5449 Td [(Fi)4(sher)5(, M)5(. M)5(.;)10( Ab)5(ra)8(hart)4(, R)4(. J)8(. Ne)8(ur)5(oc)8(om)13(put)4(i)4(ng \226)5( t)4(o)5(ol)4(s f)5(o)-1(r )6(geo)5(g)5(r)-1(ap)5(her)5(s)2(. I)5(n)-1(:)4( O)5(p)-1(en)5(sha)8(w)-1(, )6(S.;)4( A)5(b)-1(ra)8(hart)4(, R)10(. J. \(e)8(ds)8(\))5(,)6( )]TJ /TT67 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(G)-5(e)-2(o)-6(c)4(om)-5(pu)-6(ta)-6(ti)6(o)-6(n)]TJ /TT64 1 Tf -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw 6.6527 0 Td [(, )6(N)-5(e)-2(w Yo)-5(rk)-5(:)6( Taylo)-5(r)-5( )6(& Fr)-5(ancis, ch)-5(ap)-5(.8)-5(, p. )6(1)-5(87-)-5(217)-5(, )6(20)-5(00)-5(. )]TJ -0.0013 Tc 0.0028 Tw -6.6527 -1.5449 Td [(Gong)-4(, P. In)-4(tegrated)-4( an)-4(alysis o)-4(f)-4( sp)-4(atial d)-4(a)-1(ta )-6(fro)-4(m)10( )-6(m)10(u)-10(ltip)]TJ -0.0016 Tc 0.0031 Tw 22.2096 0 Td [(le )-6(so)-5(urces: u)-5(s)-2(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( )6(ev)-5(id)-5(en)-5(tial reaso)-5(n)-5(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( an)-5(d)-5( artificial n)-5(e)-1(u)-5(r)-4(al)7( )]TJ 0.0019 Tc 0.0774 Tw -22.2096 -1.1497 Td [(net)4(w)6(or)6(k t)4(ech)5(ni)10(que)9(s f)6(o)-1(r )6(ge)9(ol)4(o)5(g)-1(i)4(cal)4( m)13(a)3(ppi)4(ng,)6( )]TJ /TT67 1 Tf 0.0012 Tc 0.0722 Tw 18.2455 0 Td [(Ph)4(ot)4(o)4(g)-2(ra)4(m)5(m)-1(e)8(t)4(ri)4(c )-6(Engi)10(neeri)4(ng a)4(nd Rem)5(o)-2(t)10(e)2( )-6(Sen)4(s)1(i)4(n)4(g)]TJ /TT64 1 Tf 0.002 Tc 0.0714 Tw 20.8862 0 Td [(, v. 6)5(2)-1(, p. 51)5(3)5(-)]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.003 Tw -39.1317 -1.1437 Td [(5)-4(2)2(3)-4(,)3( 199)-4(6. )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0.0087 Tw 0 -1.5509 TD [(Li, X.; )6(Yeh)-4(,)-3( )6(A. G. Calibration o)-4(f)3( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata b)-4(y)2( u)-4(s)]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0.0054 Tw 22.6527 0 Td [(i)5(n)-1(g)5( ne)9(ural)5( )6(net)5(w)6(or)6(ks )6(fo)5(r t)5(h)-1(e)9( si)5(m)14(u)-7(l)5(a)3(t)5(i)5(on o)5(f c)9(o)-1(m)14(p)-1(lex )6(ur)6(ban)11( )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0 Tw -22.6527 -1.1437 Td [(syste)-6(m)11(s, )]TJ /TT67 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0063 Tw 3.6587 0 Td [(Envi)4(r)8(o)-1(n)5(m)-1(e)9(n)-1(t)4(a)-1(l)4( an)5(d Pl)4(an)5(ni)4(n)5(g)-1( )-6(A)]TJ /TT64 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 12.4491 0 Td [(, v)-5(.)-3( 3)-5(3)1(, p)-5(.)-3( 14)-5(45-)-4(146)-5(2, 2)-5(001)-5(. )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0492 Tw -16.1078 -1.5509 Td [(Li, X.; )6(Ye)7(h, )6(A. G. Ne)7(ural-net)9(work-base)7(d)-3( cellular aut)9(o)-3(m)12(a)]TJ 0.0018 Tc 0.0476 Tw 23.1737 0 Td [(t)4(a)3( )-6(fo)5(r si)4(m)13(u)-1(l)4(a)3(t)4(i)4(ng m)13(u)-1(lt)4(i)4(p)-1(l)4(e)3( l)4(a)3(nd )6(use c)9(h)-1(an)5(ges )6(us)8(i)4(ng )6(GI)6(S)7(,)6( )]TJ /TT67 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0039 Tw -23.1737 -1.1437 Td [(In)-5(tern)-5(a)-5(tiona)-5(l Jo)-5(u)-5(r)4(na)-5(l )6(o)-5(f Geogra)-5(p)1(h)-5(ica)-5(l In)-5(fo)-5(rma)-5(tion)-5( )6(S)-5(c)-2(ience)]TJ /TT64 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc -0.003 Tw 23.7485 0 Td [(, )-6(v. 1)-4(6)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 32)-4(3-3)-4(4)2(3)-4(,)3( )-6(200)-4(2. )]TJ 0 g ET /GS33 gs BT /T1_16 9 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 1 0 0 1 287.492 28.8 Tm (3704)Tj ET endstream endobj 321 0 obj 7516 endobj 322 0 obj << /Length 323 0 R >> stream /CS34 cs 0 0 0 sc 1 i /RelativeColorimetric ri /GS34 gs BT /TT68 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0294 Tw 12 0 0 12 106.38 731.7203 Tm [(The land us)5(e change simulations w)8(e)-1(re accom)8(p)1(lished by tw)8(o types of stochastic tran)6(sition )]TJ -0.0002 Tc 0.2502 Tw -1.775 -1.15 Td [(algorithm)8(s)-1( \226 \223expander\224 and \223patcher\224 \226 wh)]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.2479 Tw 19.315 0 Td (ich operate changes through expansion and )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1232 Tw -19.315 -1.15 Td [(diffusion, respectively. These sim)8(u)1(lations were )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.1244 Tw 19.76 0 Td (validated according to)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1195 Tw 9.145 0 Td [( a )-10(m)8(u)1(ltiple resolution)6( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.1646 Tw -28.905 -1.15 Td [(fitting m)8(e)-1(thod \(Constan)5(za, 1989\), and the va)]TJ 0.1638 Tw 18.875 0 Td [(lu)5(es obtained for windows 3x3, 5x5 and 9x9)5( )]TJ 0.0296 Tw -18.875 -1.15 Td (were 0.862682, 0.864872, and 0.864644, respectively for S1, S2, and S3. \ It is observable that )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1095 Tw 0 -1.15 TD [(the land use transitions com)8(p)1(ly with econom)]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.1105 Tw 18.55 0 Td (ic theories of urban growth and change)Tj /TT69 1 Tf 0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 503.04 662.7203 Tm (, )Tj /TT68 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 12 0 0 12 509.4 662.7203 Tm (which )Tj 0.0007 Tc 0.0003 Tw -35.36 -1.15 Td [(m)9(axi)-6(m)9(i)-1(ze consum)9(ers\264 and m)9(arkets\264 utilities in)]TJ 0.001 Tc -0.0017 Tw 18.53 0 Td [( te)5(rm)9(s of real s)5(t)-1(ate p)6(r)-1(ic)5(es a)5(nd access)5(i)-1(bility. )]TJ /TT69 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw -18.53 -2.16 Td (7.)Tj /TT70 1 Tf 0.75 0 Td ( )Tj /TT69 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 0.75 0 Td (Conclusions )Tj /TT68 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0024 Tw -1.5 -1.64 Td (Cities are open and non-linear co)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.0045 Tw 13.27 0 Td [(m)8(p)1(lex system)8(s. ANN though proved )]TJ 0.0009 Tc 0.0007 Tw 14.91 0 Td (to have the cap)Tj 0.0007 Tc -0.0007 Tw 6.03 0 Td (ability to )Tj 0.0002 Tc 0.1298 Tw -34.21 -1.15 Td (model non-linear features and handle well the )Tj 0.0001 Tc 19.49 0 Td [(uncertainties of spatial data. ANN h)-5(a)-1(ve two )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.0185 Tw -19.49 -1.15 Td [(m)8(a)-1(in disadvantages: they are black-box devises and )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0198 Tw 21.115 0 Td [(the user\264s intervention is still decisive for)-7( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.0896 Tw -21.115 -1.15 Td (the results quality. Further studies are needed )Tj 0.0897 Tw 19.025 0 Td (to assess the responsiveness of the simulation )Tj 0.0005 Tc -0.0011 Tw -19.025 -1.15 Td [(outputs in)6( face of changes in the type,)6( structur)]TJ 0.0007 Tc -0.0023 Tw 18.47 0 Td [(e an)6(d internal param)9(ete)]TJ 0.0004 Tc -0.0004 Tw 9.35 0 Td [(rs of the network.)5( )]TJ /TT69 1 Tf 0.0007 Tc 0 Tw -27.82 -2.16 Td [(References)5( )]TJ /TT68 1 Tf -0.0011 Tc 0.0146 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 504.3803 Tm [(Batty, M; Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, H.; Eichen)-4(, M. Urban)-4( )6(syste)-6(m)10(s as cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata,)]TJ /TT71 1 Tf -0.0022 Tc 0.0157 Tw 29 0 Td [( E)-8(n)-5(vironm)-5(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plan)-5(n)-5(i)6(ng)-5( B)]TJ /TT68 1 Tf 0.0025 Tc 0.011 Tw 12.7605 0 Td [(,)7( v.)7(2)6(4, )6(p.)13( )]TJ -0.0026 Tc -0.0019 Tw -41.7605 -1.1497 Td [(1)-6(59-)-5(164)-6(, 19)-6(97)-6(. )]TJ -0.0018 Tc 0.0811 Tw 0 -1.6467 TD [(Co)-5(n)-5(s)-2(tan)-5(za, R. )6(Mo)-5(d)-5(e)-1(l goo)-5(dn)-5(ess o)-5(f)-4( fit: a )-6(m)10(u)-5(ltip)-5(le reso)-5(lu)-5(tion p)-5(r)2(o)-5(cedu)-5(r)-4(e, )]TJ /TT71 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0817 Tw 28.9461 0 Td [(Eco)-5(log)-5(ica)-5(l Mod)-5(e)4(llin)-5(g)]TJ /TT68 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.0749 Tw 8.7545 0 Td [(, )-6(v)-4(.)3(47)-4(, p)-4(.)-3( 1)-4(99-)-4(215)-4(,)-9( )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0 Tw -37.7006 -1.1437 Td [(1)-4(989)-4(. )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0.062 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, )6(H. )6(Cellu)-4(lar wo)-4(rl)8(ds: a fram)11(ewo)-4(rk for m)11(o)-4(d)-4(ellin)-4(g micro)-4(-)-3(m)11(acro)-4( )6(d)-4(y)2(n)-4(am)11(i)2(cs, )]TJ /TT71 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0.0641 Tw 33.5569 0 Td [(En)-6(viro)-6(nm)-5(en)-6(ta)-6(l and)-6( Plann)-6(ing)-6( )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw -33.5569 -1.1497 Td (A)Tj /TT68 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw 0.6108 0 Td [(, v)-4(.)3(1)-4(7)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 58)-4(5-)-4(596)-4(, 19)-4(85)-4(. )]TJ -0.0005 Tc 0.0559 Tw -0.6108 -1.6467 Td [(Dead)-3(m)11(an)-3(,)-2( P.; )6(Brown, R. )6(D.; )6(Gim)11(b)-3(let)-4(t)2(, P. M)8(o)-3(d)-3(elling)-3( )6(rura)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0575 Tw 23.0838 0 Td [(l resid)-5(e)-1(n)-5(tial settle)-7(m)9(e)-1(n)-5(t p)-5(a)-1(tterns with)-5( cellu)-5(lar au)-5(to)-5(m)9(a)-1(ta,)-10( )]TJ /TT71 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc -0.0006 Tw -23.0838 -1.1497 Td [(Jou)5(r)2(n)5(a)-1(l)5( )6(of)5( Env)9(i)5(ron)5(me)9(n)-1(t)5(a)-1(l)5( M)9(a)5(na)5(ge)9(ment)]TJ /TT68 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 15.7784 0 Td [(, )-6( v)-5(.)-3( 37)-5(, p)-5(.)3( )-6(147)-5(-16)-5(0)1(, 1)-5(993)-5(. )]TJ 0.0017 Tc 0.0357 Tw -15.7784 -1.5449 Td [(Fi)4(sher)5(, M)5(. M)5(.;)10( Ab)5(ra)8(hart)4(, R)4(. J)8(. Ne)8(ur)5(oc)8(om)13(put)4(i)4(ng \226)5( t)4(o)5(ol)4(s f)5(o)-1(r )6(geo)5(g)5(r)-1(ap)5(her)5(s)2(. I)5(n)-1(:)4( O)5(p)-1(en)5(sha)8(w)-1(, )6(S.;)4( A)5(b)-1(ra)8(hart)4(, R)10(. J. \(e)8(ds)8(\))5(,)6( )]TJ /TT71 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(G)-5(e)-2(o)-6(c)4(om)-5(pu)-6(ta)-6(ti)6(o)-6(n)]TJ /TT68 1 Tf -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw 6.6527 0 Td [(, )6(N)-5(e)-2(w Yo)-5(rk)-5(:)6( Taylo)-5(r)-5( )6(& Fr)-5(ancis, ch)-5(ap)-5(.8)-5(, p. )6(1)-5(87-)-5(217)-5(, )6(20)-5(00)-5(. )]TJ -0.0013 Tc 0.0028 Tw -6.6527 -1.5449 Td [(Gong)-4(, P. In)-4(tegrated)-4( an)-4(alysis o)-4(f)-4( sp)-4(atial d)-4(a)-1(ta )-6(fro)-4(m)10( )-6(m)10(u)-10(ltip)]TJ -0.0016 Tc 0.0031 Tw 22.2096 0 Td [(le )-6(so)-5(urces: u)-5(s)-2(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( )6(ev)-5(id)-5(en)-5(tial reaso)-5(n)-5(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( an)-5(d)-5( artificial n)-5(e)-1(u)-5(r)-4(al)7( )]TJ 0.0019 Tc 0.0774 Tw -22.2096 -1.1497 Td [(net)4(w)6(or)6(k t)4(ech)5(ni)10(que)9(s f)6(o)-1(r )6(ge)9(ol)4(o)5(g)-1(i)4(cal)4( m)13(a)3(ppi)4(ng,)6( )]TJ /TT71 1 Tf 0.0012 Tc 0.0722 Tw 18.2455 0 Td [(Ph)4(ot)4(o)4(g)-2(ra)4(m)5(m)-1(e)8(t)4(ri)4(c )-6(Engi)10(neeri)4(ng a)4(nd Rem)5(o)-2(t)10(e)2( )-6(Sen)4(s)1(i)4(n)4(g)]TJ /TT68 1 Tf 0.002 Tc 0.0714 Tw 20.8862 0 Td [(, v. 6)5(2)-1(, p. 51)5(3)5(-)]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.003 Tw -39.1317 -1.1437 Td [(5)-4(2)2(3)-4(,)3( 199)-4(6. )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0.0087 Tw 0 -1.5509 TD [(Li, X.; )6(Yeh)-4(,)-3( )6(A. G. Calibration o)-4(f)3( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata b)-4(y)2( u)-4(s)]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0.0054 Tw 22.6527 0 Td [(i)5(n)-1(g)5( ne)9(ural)5( )6(net)5(w)6(or)6(ks )6(fo)5(r t)5(h)-1(e)9( si)5(m)14(u)-7(l)5(a)3(t)5(i)5(on o)5(f c)9(o)-1(m)14(p)-1(lex )6(ur)6(ban)11( )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0 Tw -22.6527 -1.1437 Td [(syste)-6(m)11(s, )]TJ /TT71 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0063 Tw 3.6587 0 Td [(Envi)4(r)8(o)-1(n)5(m)-1(e)9(n)-1(t)4(a)-1(l)4( an)5(d Pl)4(an)5(ni)4(n)5(g)-1( )-6(A)]TJ /TT68 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 12.4491 0 Td [(, v)-5(.)-3( 3)-5(3)1(, p)-5(.)-3( 14)-5(45-)-4(146)-5(2, 2)-5(001)-5(. )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0492 Tw -16.1078 -1.5509 Td [(Li, X.; )6(Ye)7(h, )6(A. G. Ne)7(ural-net)9(work-base)7(d)-3( cellular aut)9(o)-3(m)12(a)]TJ 0.0018 Tc 0.0476 Tw 23.1737 0 Td [(t)4(a)3( )-6(fo)5(r si)4(m)13(u)-1(l)4(a)3(t)4(i)4(ng m)13(u)-1(lt)4(i)4(p)-1(l)4(e)3( l)4(a)3(nd )6(use c)9(h)-1(an)5(ges )6(us)8(i)4(ng )6(GI)6(S)7(,)6( )]TJ 0 g ET /GS35 gs BT /T1_17 9 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 1 0 0 1 287.492 28.8 Tm (3704)Tj ET endstream endobj 323 0 obj 7196 endobj 324 0 obj << /Length 325 0 R >> stream /CS36 cs 0 0 0 sc 1 i /RelativeColorimetric ri /GS36 gs BT /TT72 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0294 Tw 12 0 0 12 106.38 731.7203 Tm [(The land us)5(e change simulations w)8(e)-1(re accom)8(p)1(lished by tw)8(o types of stochastic tran)6(sition )]TJ -0.0002 Tc 0.2502 Tw -1.775 -1.15 Td [(algorithm)8(s)-1( \226 \223expander\224 and \223patcher\224 \226 wh)]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.2479 Tw 19.315 0 Td (ich operate changes through expansion and )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1232 Tw -19.315 -1.15 Td [(diffusion, respectively. These sim)8(u)1(lations were )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.1244 Tw 19.76 0 Td (validated according to)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1195 Tw 9.145 0 Td [( a )-10(m)8(u)1(ltiple resolution)6( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.1646 Tw -28.905 -1.15 Td [(fitting m)8(e)-1(thod \(Constan)5(za, 1989\), and the va)]TJ 0.1638 Tw 18.875 0 Td [(lu)5(es obtained for windows 3x3, 5x5 and 9x9)5( )]TJ 0.0296 Tw -18.875 -1.15 Td (were 0.862682, 0.864872, and 0.864644, respectively for S1, S2, and S3. \ It is observable that )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1095 Tw 0 -1.15 TD [(the land use transitions com)8(p)1(ly with econom)]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.1105 Tw 18.55 0 Td (ic theories of urban growth and change)Tj /TT73 1 Tf 0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 503.04 662.7203 Tm (, )Tj /TT72 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 12 0 0 12 509.4 662.7203 Tm (which )Tj 0.0007 Tc 0.0003 Tw -35.36 -1.15 Td [(m)9(axi)-6(m)9(i)-1(ze consum)9(ers\264 and m)9(arkets\264 utilities in)]TJ 0.001 Tc -0.0017 Tw 18.53 0 Td [( te)5(rm)9(s of real s)5(t)-1(ate p)6(r)-1(ic)5(es a)5(nd access)5(i)-1(bility. )]TJ /TT73 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw -18.53 -2.16 Td (7.)Tj /TT74 1 Tf 0.75 0 Td ( )Tj /TT73 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 0.75 0 Td (Conclusions )Tj /TT72 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0024 Tw -1.5 -1.64 Td (Cities are open and non-linear co)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.0045 Tw 13.27 0 Td [(m)8(p)1(lex system)8(s. ANN though proved )]TJ 0.0009 Tc 0.0007 Tw 14.91 0 Td (to have the cap)Tj 0.0007 Tc -0.0007 Tw 6.03 0 Td (ability to )Tj 0.0002 Tc 0.1298 Tw -34.21 -1.15 Td (model non-linear features and handle well the )Tj 0.0001 Tc 19.49 0 Td [(uncertainties of spatial data. ANN h)-5(a)-1(ve two )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.0185 Tw -19.49 -1.15 Td [(m)8(a)-1(in disadvantages: they are black-box devises and )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0198 Tw 21.115 0 Td [(the user\264s intervention is still decisive for)-7( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.0896 Tw -21.115 -1.15 Td (the results quality. Further studies are needed )Tj 0.0897 Tw 19.025 0 Td (to assess the responsiveness of the simulation )Tj 0.0005 Tc -0.0011 Tw -19.025 -1.15 Td [(outputs in)6( face of changes in the type,)6( structur)]TJ 0.0007 Tc -0.0023 Tw 18.47 0 Td [(e an)6(d internal param)9(ete)]TJ 0.0004 Tc -0.0004 Tw 9.35 0 Td [(rs of the network.)5( )]TJ /TT73 1 Tf 0.0007 Tc 0 Tw -27.82 -2.16 Td [(References)5( )]TJ /TT72 1 Tf -0.0011 Tc 0.0146 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 504.3803 Tm [(Batty, M; Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, H.; Eichen)-4(, M. Urban)-4( )6(syste)-6(m)10(s as cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata,)]TJ /TT75 1 Tf -0.0022 Tc 0.0157 Tw 29 0 Td [( E)-8(n)-5(vironm)-5(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plan)-5(n)-5(i)6(ng)-5( B)]TJ /TT72 1 Tf 0.0025 Tc 0.011 Tw 12.7605 0 Td [(,)7( v.)7(2)6(4, )6(p.)13( )]TJ -0.0026 Tc -0.0019 Tw -41.7605 -1.1497 Td [(1)-6(59-)-5(164)-6(, 19)-6(97)-6(. )]TJ -0.0018 Tc 0.0811 Tw 0 -1.6467 TD [(Co)-5(n)-5(s)-2(tan)-5(za, R. )6(Mo)-5(d)-5(e)-1(l goo)-5(dn)-5(ess o)-5(f)-4( fit: a )-6(m)10(u)-5(ltip)-5(le reso)-5(lu)-5(tion p)-5(r)2(o)-5(cedu)-5(r)-4(e, )]TJ /TT75 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0817 Tw 28.9461 0 Td [(Eco)-5(log)-5(ica)-5(l Mod)-5(e)4(llin)-5(g)]TJ /TT72 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.0749 Tw 8.7545 0 Td [(, )-6(v)-4(.)3(47)-4(, p)-4(.)-3( 1)-4(99-)-4(215)-4(,)-9( )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0 Tw -37.7006 -1.1437 Td [(1)-4(989)-4(. )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0.062 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, )6(H. )6(Cellu)-4(lar wo)-4(rl)8(ds: a fram)11(ewo)-4(rk for m)11(o)-4(d)-4(ellin)-4(g micro)-4(-)-3(m)11(acro)-4( )6(d)-4(y)2(n)-4(am)11(i)2(cs, )]TJ /TT75 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0.0641 Tw 33.5569 0 Td [(En)-6(viro)-6(nm)-5(en)-6(ta)-6(l and)-6( Plann)-6(ing)-6( )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw -33.5569 -1.1497 Td (A)Tj /TT72 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw 0.6108 0 Td [(, v)-4(.)3(1)-4(7)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 58)-4(5-)-4(596)-4(, 19)-4(85)-4(. )]TJ -0.0005 Tc 0.0559 Tw -0.6108 -1.6467 Td [(Dead)-3(m)11(an)-3(,)-2( P.; )6(Brown, R. )6(D.; )6(Gim)11(b)-3(let)-4(t)2(, P. M)8(o)-3(d)-3(elling)-3( )6(rura)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0575 Tw 23.0838 0 Td [(l resid)-5(e)-1(n)-5(tial settle)-7(m)9(e)-1(n)-5(t p)-5(a)-1(tterns with)-5( cellu)-5(lar au)-5(to)-5(m)9(a)-1(ta,)-10( )]TJ /TT75 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc -0.0006 Tw -23.0838 -1.1497 Td [(Jou)5(r)2(n)5(a)-1(l)5( )6(of)5( Env)9(i)5(ron)5(me)9(n)-1(t)5(a)-1(l)5( M)9(a)5(na)5(ge)9(ment)]TJ /TT72 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 15.7784 0 Td [(, )-6( v)-5(.)-3( 37)-5(, p)-5(.)3( )-6(147)-5(-16)-5(0)1(, 1)-5(993)-5(. )]TJ 0.0017 Tc 0.0357 Tw -15.7784 -1.5449 Td [(Fi)4(sher)5(, M)5(. M)5(.;)10( Ab)5(ra)8(hart)4(, R)4(. J)8(. Ne)8(ur)5(oc)8(om)13(put)4(i)4(ng \226)5( t)4(o)5(ol)4(s f)5(o)-1(r )6(geo)5(g)5(r)-1(ap)5(her)5(s)2(. I)5(n)-1(:)4( O)5(p)-1(en)5(sha)8(w)-1(, )6(S.;)4( A)5(b)-1(ra)8(hart)4(, R)10(. J. \(e)8(ds)8(\))5(,)6( )]TJ /TT75 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(G)-5(e)-2(o)-6(c)4(om)-5(pu)-6(ta)-6(ti)6(o)-6(n)]TJ /TT72 1 Tf -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw 6.6527 0 Td [(, )6(N)-5(e)-2(w Yo)-5(rk)-5(:)6( Taylo)-5(r)-5( )6(& Fr)-5(ancis, ch)-5(ap)-5(.8)-5(, p. )6(1)-5(87-)-5(217)-5(, )6(20)-5(00)-5(. )]TJ -0.0013 Tc 0.0028 Tw -6.6527 -1.5449 Td [(Gong)-4(, P. In)-4(tegrated)-4( an)-4(alysis o)-4(f)-4( sp)-4(atial d)-4(a)-1(ta )-6(fro)-4(m)10( )-6(m)10(u)-10(ltip)]TJ -0.0016 Tc 0.0031 Tw 22.2096 0 Td [(le )-6(so)-5(urces: u)-5(s)-2(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( )6(ev)-5(id)-5(en)-5(tial reaso)-5(n)-5(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( an)-5(d)-5( artificial n)-5(e)-1(u)-5(r)-4(al)7( )]TJ 0.0019 Tc 0.0774 Tw -22.2096 -1.1497 Td [(net)4(w)6(or)6(k t)4(ech)5(ni)10(que)9(s f)6(o)-1(r )6(ge)9(ol)4(o)5(g)-1(i)4(cal)4( m)13(a)3(ppi)4(ng,)6( )]TJ /TT75 1 Tf 0.0012 Tc 0.0722 Tw 18.2455 0 Td [(Ph)4(ot)4(o)4(g)-2(ra)4(m)5(m)-1(e)8(t)4(ri)4(c )-6(Engi)10(neeri)4(ng a)4(nd Rem)5(o)-2(t)10(e)2( )-6(Sen)4(s)1(i)4(n)4(g)]TJ /TT72 1 Tf 0.002 Tc 0.0714 Tw 20.8862 0 Td [(, v. 6)5(2)-1(, p. 51)5(3)5(-)]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.003 Tw -39.1317 -1.1437 Td [(5)-4(2)2(3)-4(,)3( 199)-4(6. )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0.0087 Tw 0 -1.5509 TD [(Li, X.; )6(Yeh)-4(,)-3( )6(A. G. Calibration o)-4(f)3( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata b)-4(y)2( u)-4(s)]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0.0054 Tw 22.6527 0 Td [(i)5(n)-1(g)5( ne)9(ural)5( )6(net)5(w)6(or)6(ks )6(fo)5(r t)5(h)-1(e)9( si)5(m)14(u)-7(l)5(a)3(t)5(i)5(on o)5(f c)9(o)-1(m)14(p)-1(lex )6(ur)6(ban)11( )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0 Tw -22.6527 -1.1437 Td [(syste)-6(m)11(s, )]TJ /TT75 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0063 Tw 3.6587 0 Td [(Envi)4(r)8(o)-1(n)5(m)-1(e)9(n)-1(t)4(a)-1(l)4( an)5(d Pl)4(an)5(ni)4(n)5(g)-1( )-6(A)]TJ /TT72 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 12.4491 0 Td [(, v)-5(.)-3( 3)-5(3)1(, p)-5(.)-3( 14)-5(45-)-4(146)-5(2, 2)-5(001)-5(. )]TJ 0 g ET /GS37 gs BT /T1_18 9 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 1 0 0 1 287.492 28.8 Tm (3704)Tj ET endstream endobj 325 0 obj 6866 endobj 326 0 obj << /Length 327 0 R >> stream /CS38 cs 0 0 0 sc 1 i /RelativeColorimetric ri /GS38 gs BT /TT76 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0294 Tw 12 0 0 12 106.38 593.8161 Tm [(The land us)5(e change simulations w)8(e)-1(re accom)8(p)1(lished by tw)8(o types of stochastic tran)6(sition )]TJ -0.0002 Tc 0.2502 Tw -1.775 -1.15 Td [(algorithm)8(s)-1( \226 \223expander\224 and \223patcher\224 \226 wh)]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.2479 Tw 19.315 0 Td (ich operate changes through expansion and )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1232 Tw -19.315 -1.15 Td [(diffusion, respectively. These sim)8(u)1(lations were )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.1244 Tw 19.76 0 Td (validated according to)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1195 Tw 9.145 0 Td [( a )-10(m)8(u)1(ltiple resolution)6( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.1646 Tw -28.905 -1.15 Td [(fitting m)8(e)-1(thod \(Constan)5(za, 1989\), and the va)]TJ 0.1638 Tw 18.875 0 Td [(lu)5(es obtained for windows 3x3, 5x5 and 9x9)5( )]TJ 0.0296 Tw -18.875 -1.15 Td (were 0.862682, 0.864872, and 0.864644, respectively for S1, S2, and S3. \ It is observable that )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1095 Tw 0 -1.15 TD [(the land use transitions com)8(p)1(ly with econom)]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.1105 Tw 18.55 0 Td (ic theories of urban growth and change)Tj /TT77 1 Tf 0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 503.04 524.8161 Tm (, )Tj /TT76 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 12 0 0 12 509.4 524.8161 Tm (which )Tj 0.0007 Tc 0.0003 Tw -35.36 -1.15 Td [(m)9(axi)-6(m)9(i)-1(ze consum)9(ers\264 and m)9(arkets\264 utilities in)]TJ 0.001 Tc -0.0017 Tw 18.53 0 Td [( te)5(rm)9(s of real s)5(t)-1(ate p)6(r)-1(ic)5(es a)5(nd access)5(i)-1(bility. )]TJ /TT77 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw -18.53 -2.16 Td (7.)Tj /TT78 1 Tf ( )Tj /TT77 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 1.5 0 Td (Conclusions )Tj /TT76 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0024 Tw -1.5 -1.64 Td (Cities are open and non-linear co)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.0045 Tw 13.27 0 Td [(m)8(p)1(lex system)8(s. ANN though proved )]TJ 0.0009 Tc 0.0007 Tw (to have the cap)Tj 0.0007 Tc -0.0007 Tw 20.94 0 Td (ability to )Tj 0.0002 Tc 0.1298 Tw -34.21 -1.15 Td (model non-linear features and handle well the )Tj 0.0001 Tc 19.49 0 Td [(uncertainties of spatial data. ANN h)-5(a)-1(ve two )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.0185 Tw -19.49 -1.15 Td [(m)8(a)-1(in disadvantages: they are black-box devises and )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0198 Tw 21.115 0 Td [(the user\264s intervention is still decisive for)-7( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.0896 Tw -21.115 -1.15 Td (the results quality. Further studies are needed )Tj 0.0897 Tw 19.025 0 Td (to assess the responsiveness of the simulation )Tj 0.0005 Tc -0.0011 Tw -19.025 -1.15 Td [(outputs in)6( face of changes in the type,)6( structur)]TJ 0.0007 Tc -0.0023 Tw 18.47 0 Td [(e an)6(d internal param)9(ete)]TJ 0.0004 Tc -0.0004 Tw 9.35 0 Td [(rs of the network.)5( )]TJ /TT77 1 Tf 0.0007 Tc 0 Tw -27.82 -2.16 Td [(References)5( )]TJ /TT76 1 Tf -0.0011 Tc 0.0146 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 366.4761 Tm [(Batty, M; Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, H.; Eichen)-4(, M. Urban)-4( )6(syste)-6(m)10(s as cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata,)]TJ /TT79 1 Tf -0.0022 Tc 0.0157 Tw 29 0 Td [( E)-8(n)-5(vironm)-5(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plan)-5(n)-5(i)6(ng)-5( B)]TJ /TT76 1 Tf 0.0025 Tc 0.011 Tw 12.7605 0 Td [(,)7( v.)7(2)6(4, )6(p.)13( )]TJ -0.0026 Tc -0.0019 Tw -41.7605 -1.1497 Td [(1)-6(59-)-5(164)-6(, 19)-6(97)-6(. )]TJ -0.0018 Tc 0.0811 Tw 0 -1.6467 TD [(Co)-5(n)-5(s)-2(tan)-5(za, R. )6(Mo)-5(d)-5(e)-1(l goo)-5(dn)-5(ess o)-5(f)-4( fit: a )-6(m)10(u)-5(ltip)-5(le reso)-5(lu)-5(tion p)-5(r)2(o)-5(cedu)-5(r)-4(e, )]TJ /TT79 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0817 Tw 28.9461 0 Td [(Eco)-5(log)-5(ica)-5(l Mod)-5(e)4(llin)-5(g)]TJ /TT76 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.0749 Tw 8.7545 0 Td [(, )-6(v)-4(.)3(47)-4(, p)-4(.)-3( 1)-4(99-)-4(215)-4(,)-9( )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0 Tw -37.7006 -1.1437 Td [(1)-4(989)-4(. )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0.062 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, )6(H. )6(Cellu)-4(lar wo)-4(rl)8(ds: a fram)11(ewo)-4(rk for m)11(o)-4(d)-4(ellin)-4(g micro)-4(-)-3(m)11(acro)-4( )6(d)-4(y)2(n)-4(am)11(i)2(cs, )]TJ /TT79 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0.0641 Tw 33.5569 0 Td [(En)-6(viro)-6(nm)-5(en)-6(ta)-6(l and)-6( Plann)-6(ing)-6( )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw -33.5569 -1.1497 Td (A)Tj /TT76 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw [(, v)-4(.)3(1)-4(7)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 58)-4(5-)-4(596)-4(, 19)-4(85)-4(. )]TJ -0.0005 Tc 0.0559 Tw 0 -1.6467 TD [(Dead)-3(m)11(an)-3(,)-2( P.; )6(Brown, R. )6(D.; )6(Gim)11(b)-3(let)-4(t)2(, P. M)8(o)-3(d)-3(elling)-3( )6(rura)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0575 Tw 23.0838 0 Td [(l resid)-5(e)-1(n)-5(tial settle)-7(m)9(e)-1(n)-5(t p)-5(a)-1(tterns with)-5( cellu)-5(lar au)-5(to)-5(m)9(a)-1(ta,)-10( )]TJ /TT79 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc -0.0006 Tw -23.0838 -1.1497 Td [(Jou)5(r)2(n)5(a)-1(l)5( )6(of)5( Env)9(i)5(ron)5(me)9(n)-1(t)5(a)-1(l)5( M)9(a)5(na)5(ge)9(ment)]TJ /TT76 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 15.7784 0 Td [(, )-6( v)-5(.)-3( 37)-5(, p)-5(.)3( )-6(147)-5(-16)-5(0)1(, 1)-5(993)-5(. )]TJ 0.0017 Tc 0.0357 Tw -15.7784 -1.5449 Td [(Fi)4(sher)5(, M)5(. M)5(.;)10( Ab)5(ra)8(hart)4(, R)4(. J)8(. Ne)8(ur)5(oc)8(om)13(put)4(i)4(ng \226)5( t)4(o)5(ol)4(s f)5(o)-1(r )6(geo)5(g)5(r)-1(ap)5(her)5(s)2(. I)5(n)-1(:)4( O)5(p)-1(en)5(sha)8(w)-1(, )6(S.;)4( A)5(b)-1(ra)8(hart)4(, R)10(. J. \(e)8(ds)8(\))5(,)6( )]TJ /TT79 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(G)-5(e)-2(o)-6(c)4(om)-5(pu)-6(ta)-6(ti)6(o)-6(n)]TJ /TT76 1 Tf -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw 6.6527 0 Td [(, )6(N)-5(e)-2(w Yo)-5(rk)-5(:)6( Taylo)-5(r)-5( )6(& Fr)-5(ancis, ch)-5(ap)-5(.8)-5(, p. )6(1)-5(87-)-5(217)-5(, )6(20)-5(00)-5(. )]TJ -0.0013 Tc 0.0028 Tw -6.6527 -1.5449 Td [(Gong)-4(, P. In)-4(tegrated)-4( an)-4(alysis o)-4(f)-4( sp)-4(atial d)-4(a)-1(ta )-6(fro)-4(m)10( )-6(m)10(u)-10(ltip)]TJ -0.0016 Tc 0.0031 Tw 22.2096 0 Td [(le )-6(so)-5(urces: u)-5(s)-2(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( )6(ev)-5(id)-5(en)-5(tial reaso)-5(n)-5(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( an)-5(d)-5( artificial n)-5(e)-1(u)-5(r)-4(al)7( )]TJ 0.0019 Tc 0.0774 Tw -22.2096 -1.1497 Td [(net)4(w)6(or)6(k t)4(ech)5(ni)10(que)9(s f)6(o)-1(r )6(ge)9(ol)4(o)5(g)-1(i)4(cal)4( m)13(a)3(ppi)4(ng,)6( )]TJ /TT79 1 Tf 0.0012 Tc 0.0722 Tw 18.2455 0 Td [(Ph)4(ot)4(o)4(g)-2(ra)4(m)5(m)-1(e)8(t)4(ri)4(c )-6(Engi)10(neeri)4(ng a)4(nd Rem)5(o)-2(t)10(e)2( )-6(Sen)4(s)1(i)4(n)4(g)]TJ /TT76 1 Tf 0.002 Tc 0.0714 Tw 20.8862 0 Td [(, v. 6)5(2)-1(, p. 51)5(3)5(-)]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.003 Tw -39.1317 -1.1437 Td [(5)-4(2)2(3)-4(,)3( 199)-4(6. )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0.0087 Tw 0 -1.5509 TD [(Li, X.; )6(Yeh)-4(,)-3( )6(A. G. Calibration o)-4(f)3( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata b)-4(y)2( u)-4(s)]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0.0054 Tw 22.6527 0 Td [(i)5(n)-1(g)5( ne)9(ural)5( )6(net)5(w)6(or)6(ks )6(fo)5(r t)5(h)-1(e)9( si)5(m)14(u)-7(l)5(a)3(t)5(i)5(on o)5(f c)9(o)-1(m)14(p)-1(lex )6(ur)6(ban)11( )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0 Tw -22.6527 -1.1437 Td [(syste)-6(m)11(s, )]TJ /TT79 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0063 Tw 3.6587 0 Td [(Envi)4(r)8(o)-1(n)5(m)-1(e)9(n)-1(t)4(a)-1(l)4( an)5(d Pl)4(an)5(ni)4(n)5(g)-1( )-6(A)]TJ /TT76 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 12.4491 0 Td [(, v)-5(.)-3( 3)-5(3)1(, p)-5(.)-3( 14)-5(45-)-4(146)-5(2, 2)-5(001)-5(. )]TJ 0 g ET /GS39 gs BT /T1_19 9 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 1 0 0 1 287.492 28.8 Tm (3704)Tj ET endstream endobj 327 0 obj 6827 endobj 328 0 obj << /Length 329 0 R >> stream /CS40 cs 0 0 0 sc 1 i /RelativeColorimetric ri /GS40 gs BT /TT80 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0294 Tw 12 0 0 12 103.1542 530.9124 Tm [(The land us)5(e change simulations w)8(e)-1(re accom)8(p)1(lished by tw)8(o types of stochastic tran)6(sition )]TJ -0.0002 Tc 0.2502 Tw -1.775 -1.15 Td [(algorithm)8(s)-1( \226 \223expander\224 and \223patcher\224 \226 wh)]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.2479 Tw 19.315 0 Td (ich operate changes through expansion and )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1232 Tw -19.315 -1.15 Td [(diffusion, respectively. These sim)8(u)1(lations were )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.1244 Tw 19.76 0 Td (validated according to)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1195 Tw 9.145 0 Td [( a )-10(m)8(u)1(ltiple resolution)6( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.1646 Tw -28.905 -1.15 Td [(fitting m)8(e)-1(thod \(Constan)5(za, 1989\), and the va)]TJ 0.1638 Tw 18.875 0 Td [(lu)5(es obtained for windows 3x3, 5x5 and 9x9)5( )]TJ 0.0296 Tw -18.875 -1.15 Td (were 0.862682, 0.864872, and 0.864644, respectively for S1, S2, and S3. \ It is observable that )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1095 Tw 0 -1.15 TD [(the land use transitions com)8(p)1(ly with econom)]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.1105 Tw 18.55 0 Td (ic theories of urban growth and change)Tj /TT81 1 Tf 0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 499.8142 461.9124 Tm (, )Tj /TT80 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 12 0 0 12 506.1742 461.9124 Tm (which )Tj 0.0007 Tc 0.0003 Tw -35.36 -1.15 Td [(m)9(axi)-6(m)9(i)-1(ze consum)9(ers\264 and m)9(arkets\264 utilities in)]TJ 0.001 Tc -0.0017 Tw 18.53 0 Td [( te)5(rm)9(s of real s)5(t)-1(ate p)6(r)-1(ic)5(es a)5(nd access)5(i)-1(bility. )]TJ /TT81 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw -18.53 -2.16 Td (7.)Tj /TT82 1 Tf ( )Tj /TT81 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 1.5 0 Td (Conclusions )Tj /TT80 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0024 Tw -1.5 -1.64 Td (Cities are open and non-linear co)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.0045 Tw 13.27 0 Td [(m)8(p)1(lex system)8(s. ANN though proved )]TJ 0.0009 Tc 0.0007 Tw (to have the cap)Tj 0.0007 Tc -0.0007 Tw 20.94 0 Td (ability to )Tj 0.0002 Tc 0.1298 Tw -34.21 -1.15 Td (model non-linear features and handle well the )Tj 0.0001 Tc 19.49 0 Td [(uncertainties of spatial data. ANN h)-5(a)-1(ve two )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.0185 Tw -19.49 -1.15 Td [(m)8(a)-1(in disadvantages: they are black-box devises and )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0198 Tw 21.115 0 Td [(the user\264s intervention is still decisive for)-7( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.0896 Tw -21.115 -1.15 Td (the results quality. Further studies are needed )Tj 0.0897 Tw 19.025 0 Td (to assess the responsiveness of the simulation )Tj 0.0005 Tc -0.0011 Tw -19.025 -1.15 Td [(outputs in)6( face of changes in the type,)6( structur)]TJ 0.0007 Tc -0.0023 Tw 18.47 0 Td [(e an)6(d internal param)9(ete)]TJ 0.0004 Tc -0.0004 Tw 9.35 0 Td [(rs of the network.)5( )]TJ /TT81 1 Tf 0.0007 Tc 0 Tw -27.82 -2.16 Td [(References)5( )]TJ /TT80 1 Tf -0.0011 Tc 0.0146 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 81.8542 303.5724 Tm [(Batty, M; Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, H.; Eichen)-4(, M. Urban)-4( )6(syste)-6(m)10(s as cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata,)]TJ /TT83 1 Tf -0.0022 Tc 0.0157 Tw 29 0 Td [( E)-8(n)-5(vironm)-5(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plan)-5(n)-5(i)6(ng)-5( B)]TJ /TT80 1 Tf 0.0025 Tc 0.011 Tw 12.7605 0 Td [(,)7( v.)7(2)6(4, )6(p.)13( )]TJ -0.0026 Tc -0.0019 Tw -41.7605 -1.1497 Td [(1)-6(59-)-5(164)-6(, 19)-6(97)-6(. )]TJ -0.0018 Tc 0.0811 Tw 0 -1.6467 TD [(Co)-5(n)-5(s)-2(tan)-5(za, R. )6(Mo)-5(d)-5(e)-1(l goo)-5(dn)-5(ess o)-5(f)-4( fit: a )-6(m)10(u)-5(ltip)-5(le reso)-5(lu)-5(tion p)-5(r)2(o)-5(cedu)-5(r)-4(e, )]TJ /TT83 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0817 Tw 28.9461 0 Td [(Eco)-5(log)-5(ica)-5(l Mod)-5(e)4(llin)-5(g)]TJ /TT80 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.0749 Tw 8.7545 0 Td [(, )-6(v)-4(.)3(47)-4(, p)-4(.)-3( 1)-4(99-)-4(215)-4(,)-9( )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0 Tw -37.7006 -1.1437 Td [(1)-4(989)-4(. )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0.062 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, )6(H. )6(Cellu)-4(lar wo)-4(rl)8(ds: a fram)11(ewo)-4(rk for m)11(o)-4(d)-4(ellin)-4(g micro)-4(-)-3(m)11(acro)-4( )6(d)-4(y)2(n)-4(am)11(i)2(cs, )]TJ /TT83 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0.0641 Tw 33.5569 0 Td [(En)-6(viro)-6(nm)-5(en)-6(ta)-6(l and)-6( Plann)-6(ing)-6( )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw -33.5569 -1.1497 Td (A)Tj /TT80 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw [(, v)-4(.)3(1)-4(7)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 58)-4(5-)-4(596)-4(, 19)-4(85)-4(. )]TJ -0.0005 Tc 0.0559 Tw 0 -1.6467 TD [(Dead)-3(m)11(an)-3(,)-2( P.; )6(Brown, R. )6(D.; )6(Gim)11(b)-3(let)-4(t)2(, P. M)8(o)-3(d)-3(elling)-3( )6(rura)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0575 Tw 23.0838 0 Td [(l resid)-5(e)-1(n)-5(tial settle)-7(m)9(e)-1(n)-5(t p)-5(a)-1(tterns with)-5( cellu)-5(lar au)-5(to)-5(m)9(a)-1(ta,)-10( )]TJ /TT83 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc -0.0006 Tw -23.0838 -1.1497 Td [(Jou)5(r)2(n)5(a)-1(l)5( )6(of)5( Env)9(i)5(ron)5(me)9(n)-1(t)5(a)-1(l)5( M)9(a)5(na)5(ge)9(ment)]TJ /TT80 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 15.7784 0 Td [(, )-6( v)-5(.)-3( 37)-5(, p)-5(.)3( )-6(147)-5(-16)-5(0)1(, 1)-5(993)-5(. )]TJ 0.0017 Tc 0.0357 Tw -15.7784 -1.5449 Td [(Fi)4(sher)5(, M)5(. M)5(.;)10( Ab)5(ra)8(hart)4(, R)4(. J)8(. Ne)8(ur)5(oc)8(om)13(put)4(i)4(ng \226)5( t)4(o)5(ol)4(s f)5(o)-1(r )6(geo)5(g)5(r)-1(ap)5(her)5(s)2(. I)5(n)-1(:)4( O)5(p)-1(en)5(sha)8(w)-1(, )6(S.;)4( A)5(b)-1(ra)8(hart)4(, R)10(. J. \(e)8(ds)8(\))5(,)6( )]TJ /TT83 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(G)-5(e)-2(o)-6(c)4(om)-5(pu)-6(ta)-6(ti)6(o)-6(n)]TJ /TT80 1 Tf -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw 6.6527 0 Td [(, )6(N)-5(e)-2(w Yo)-5(rk)-5(:)6( Taylo)-5(r)-5( )6(& Fr)-5(ancis, ch)-5(ap)-5(.8)-5(, p. )6(1)-5(87-)-5(217)-5(, )6(20)-5(00)-5(. )]TJ -0.0013 Tc 0.0028 Tw -6.6527 -1.5449 Td [(Gong)-4(, P. In)-4(tegrated)-4( an)-4(alysis o)-4(f)-4( sp)-4(atial d)-4(a)-1(ta )-6(fro)-4(m)10( )-6(m)10(u)-10(ltip)]TJ -0.0016 Tc 0.0031 Tw 22.2096 0 Td [(le )-6(so)-5(urces: u)-5(s)-2(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( )6(ev)-5(id)-5(en)-5(tial reaso)-5(n)-5(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( an)-5(d)-5( artificial n)-5(e)-1(u)-5(r)-4(al)7( )]TJ 0.0019 Tc 0.0774 Tw -22.2096 -1.1497 Td [(net)4(w)6(or)6(k t)4(ech)5(ni)10(que)9(s f)6(o)-1(r )6(ge)9(ol)4(o)5(g)-1(i)4(cal)4( m)13(a)3(ppi)4(ng,)6( )]TJ /TT83 1 Tf 0.0012 Tc 0.0722 Tw 18.2455 0 Td [(Ph)4(ot)4(o)4(g)-2(ra)4(m)5(m)-1(e)8(t)4(ri)4(c )-6(Engi)10(neeri)4(ng a)4(nd Rem)5(o)-2(t)10(e)2( )-6(Sen)4(s)1(i)4(n)4(g)]TJ /TT80 1 Tf 0.002 Tc 0.0714 Tw 20.8862 0 Td [(, v. 6)5(2)-1(, p. 51)5(3)5(-)]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.003 Tw -39.1317 -1.1437 Td [(5)-4(2)2(3)-4(,)3( 199)-4(6. )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0.0087 Tw 0 -1.5509 TD [(Li, X.; )6(Yeh)-4(,)-3( )6(A. G. Calibration o)-4(f)3( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata b)-4(y)2( u)-4(s)]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0.0054 Tw 22.6527 0 Td [(i)5(n)-1(g)5( ne)9(ural)5( )6(net)5(w)6(or)6(ks )6(fo)5(r t)5(h)-1(e)9( si)5(m)14(u)-7(l)5(a)3(t)5(i)5(on o)5(f c)9(o)-1(m)14(p)-1(lex )6(ur)6(ban)11( )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0 Tw -22.6527 -1.1437 Td [(syste)-6(m)11(s, )]TJ /TT83 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0063 Tw 3.6587 0 Td [(Envi)4(r)8(o)-1(n)5(m)-1(e)9(n)-1(t)4(a)-1(l)4( an)5(d Pl)4(an)5(ni)4(n)5(g)-1( )-6(A)]TJ /TT80 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 12.4491 0 Td [(, v)-5(.)-3( 3)-5(3)1(, p)-5(.)-3( 14)-5(45-)-4(146)-5(2, 2)-5(001)-5(. )]TJ 0 g ET /GS41 gs BT /T1_20 9 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 1 0 0 1 287.492 28.8 Tm (3704)Tj ET endstream endobj 329 0 obj 6836 endobj 330 0 obj << /Length 331 0 R >> stream /CS0 cs 0 0 0 sc 1 i /RelativeColorimetric ri /GS0 gs BT /TT0 1 Tf 0.0001 Tc 0.2592 Tw 12 0 0 12 85.08 731.7203 Tm [( )-1266(The output layer, on its turn, has only one)]TJ -0.0001 Tc 20.575 0 Td ( neuron that corresponds to the map of )Tj 0.0301 Tw -20.575 -1.15 Td (transition probabilities for the considered type of)Tj 0.0001 Tc 0.0299 Tw 19.725 0 Td ( land use change. In the training data set, the )Tj -0.0036 Tc 0.0286 Tw -19.725 -1.15 Td [(de)-5(s)-4(i)-6(r)-6(e)-5(d \(t)-6(a)-5(r)-6(ge)-5(t)-6(\))-6( va)-5(l)-6(u)-4(e i)-6(n)]TJ -0.0002 Tc 0.0245 Tw 9.6 0 Td ( the output layer is recorded as 1 fo)Tj 0.001 Tc 0.024 Tw 14.295 0 Td [(r)4( a)5( cell th)6(at un)6(derwent a)5( c)5(h)1(ange in)6( )]TJ 0.0007 Tc 0.0483 Tw -23.895 -1.15 Td [(its land use,)6( and 0 for a cell that suffered no ch)]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0498 Tw 19.275 0 Td (ange. In the extraction of)Tj 0.0007 Tc 0.0468 Tw 10.225 0 Td [( the tr)4(ain)6(i)-1(ng data se)5(t )]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.4488 Tw -29.5 -1.15 Td [(for each n)5(e)-1(twork, large rectang)5(l)3(es were de)]TJ 0.0008 Tc 0.4492 Tw 19.65 0 Td [(lim)9(ited within th)6(e s)5(t)-1(u)6(dy area co)6(ntain)6(i)-1(ng)6( )]TJ 0.001 Tc 0.094 Tw -19.65 -1.15 Td [(repres)5(enta)5(tive sam)9(p)1(les of)4( the exis)5(te)5(nt rang)6(es of)]TJ 0 Tc 0.0937 Tw 19.505 0 Td [( distances \(for the m)8(a)-1(ps)]TJ -0.0005 Tc 0.0955 Tw 9.875 0 Td [( of variables\) and of)8( )]TJ 0.0009 Tc -0.0009 Tw -29.38 -1.15 Td [(land use pe)5(r)4(m)9(anence and change \()4(i)-1(n)6( the cas)5(e of)4( the m)9(aps of)4( land use tr)4(an)6(sition)6(\))-1(. )]TJ 0.0008 Tc 0.1138 Tw 0 -1.15 TD [( )-1410(Diverging a)5(pproaches)5( r)4(u)1(le th)6(e def)4(i)4(nition)6( of)4( the)5( num)9(ber of)4( neurons in)6( the hidden la)5(yer. )]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.0297 Tw T* [(According to Kolm)8(ogor)-7(ov\264s theorem)8( \()-7(Y)3(eh and Li, 2003\), if)8( )]TJ /TT1 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 24.4 0 Td (n)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 0.0292 Tw 0.5 0 Td ( is the number of neurons in the )Tj 0.0002 Tc 0.2538 Tw -24.9 -1.15 Td [(input layer, the use of)8( 2)]TJ /TT1 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 10.705 0 Td (n)Tj /TT0 1 Tf -0.0006 Tc 0.2547 Tw 0.5 0 Td ( + 1 neurons can guarantee the )Tj -0.0003 Tc 0.2553 Tw 14.245 0 Td [(perfect fit of any continuous)-6( )]TJ -0.0001 Tc 0.1701 Tw -25.45 -1.15 Td [(functions, and reducing the num)8(ber of neurons )]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.1697 Tw 20.12 0 Td [(m)8(a)-1(y lead to lesser accuracy. On the other )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.001 Tw -20.12 -1.15 Td [(hand, W)9(a)-1(ng states that 2)]TJ /TT1 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 9.8 0 Td (n)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 0.0004 Tc -0.0004 Tw 0.5 0 Td [(/3 hidden neurons can produce results of alm)8(ost sim)8(ilar accuracy but )]TJ 0.0009 Tc 0.0034 Tw -10.3 -1.15 Td [(requires m)9(u)-4(ch less tim)9(e to train \(W)10(ang, 1994 apud )]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.0047 Tw 20.54 0 Td (Yeh and Li, 2003\). In a)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.0045 Tw 9.385 0 Td (ll the four networks )Tj 0.0001 Tc 0.0399 Tw -29.925 -1.15 Td [(of this study, Kol)-7(m)8(ogorov\264s prem)8(is)-6(es have been)]TJ 0.0005 Tc 0.0382 Tw 19.6 0 Td ( observed, and the pred)Tj 0 Tc 0.0375 Tw 9.46 0 Td (iction error decreased )Tj 0.001 Tc 0.339 Tw -29.06 -1.15 Td [(consider)4(ably)6( during)6( the)5( )]TJ -0.0004 Tc 0.3404 Tw 10.71 0 Td (training, as shown in )Tj /TT2 1 Tf 0.0005 Tc 0.337 Tw 9.935 0 Td [(Figure 4)6( \(b\))]TJ /TT0 1 Tf 0.001 Tc 0.339 Tw 5.73 0 Td [(. W)10(ith the ce)5(lls)5( tra)5(n)1(sitio)6(n)6( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.0346 Tw -26.375 -1.15 Td [(probabilities)5( being d)5(e)-1(fin)5(e)-1(d by th)5(e A)8(NN outputs,)5( )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0348 Tw 19.78 0 Td [(global trans)4(ition)5( probab)5(ilities were reckoned )]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.163 Tw -19.78 -1.15 Td (through a cross-tabulation operatio)Tj 0 Tc 0.165 Tw 14.46 0 Td (n between the initial)Tj 0.1637 Tw 8.625 0 Td ( and final land us)Tj -0.0005 Tc 0.1655 Tw 7.54 0 Td [(e m)7(a)-2(ps shown in )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.1896 Tw -30.625 -1.15 Td [(Figure 1. T)6(hese probabilities are 0.1501 for th)]TJ 0 Tc 0.189 Tw 19.745 0 Td (e transition \223nu_res\224, 0.0113 for \223nu_ind\224, )Tj 0.0002 Tc -0.0012 Tw -19.745 -1.15 Td (0.0028 for \223nu_inst\224, and 0.0005 for )Tj 0.0003 Tc -0.0003 Tw 14.855 0 Td (the transition \223nu_leis\224.)Tj 0 Tc 0 Tw 7.02 0 0 7.02 377.7 483.3203 Tm ( )Tj /TT2 1 Tf 12 0 0 12 85.08 457.4003 Tm (6.)Tj /TT3 1 Tf 0.75 0 Td ( )Tj /TT2 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 1.025 0 Td [(Results and Discussion)6( )]TJ /TT0 1 Tf 0.0001 Tc 0.0749 Tw -1.775 -1.64 Td (Maps of transition probabilities were generated )Tj 0.0002 Tc 0.0748 Tw 19.61 0 Td [(for the four types of land use change, wher)-7(e)-6( )]TJ 0.0008 Tc 0.1992 Tw -19.61 -1.225 Td [(the learning param)9(eter \()]TJ /TT4 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 12 0 4.1041 12 207.3 423.0203 Tm (")Tj /TT0 1 Tf -0.0003 Tc 0.2011 Tw 12 0 0 12 214.56 423.0203 Tm [(\) was set to 0.2, the m)8(a)-1(xi)-7(m)8(u)]TJ 0.0008 Tc 0.1992 Tw 12.475 0 Td [(m)9( distance to the error \()]TJ /TT1 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 10.585 0 Td (d)Tj 0.0017 Tc 7.98 0 0 7.98 497.22 421.5203 Tm (max)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 0.0024 Tc 0.1976 Tw 12 0 0 12 510.54 423.0203 Tm (\) was )Tj 0 Tc 0.0535 Tw -35.455 -1.15 Td (adjusted to 0.1, and the iteration cycles ra)Tj 0.0544 Tw 17.015 0 Td [(nged from)8( 800 to 1,000. Upon basis of the pruning )]TJ 0.0009 Tc -0.002 Tw -17.015 -1.15 Td [(algor)4(ithm)9(,)1( sets of)4( variab)6(les have b)6(ee)5(n)1( selec)5(t)-1(ed to)6( explain the land use tran)6(sition)6(s \()]TJ /TT2 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 32.825 0 Td (Table 2)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 0.001 Tc 0 Tw 3.195 0 Td (\). )Tj 0 Tc 7.98 0 0 7.98 85.08 385.4003 Tm ( )Tj 0.0012 Tc -0.0057 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 374.3003 Tm [(Tabl)4(e 2 )]TJ 0.0016 Tc -0.0061 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(Sel)4(ect)4(i)4(on of)5( )-6(va)8(ri)4(abl)4(e)2(s det)4(e)2(rm)13(ini)4(n)5(g )-6(l)4(a)2(n)5(d)-1( use)8( )-6(c)8(h)-1(an)5(ge )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw 9 0 0 9 85.08 352.3403 Tm ( )Tj 0.0008 Tc 0.0007 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 340.9403 Tm [(Inde)8(pende)8(n)-2(t V)4(a)2(riables )6(\(N)4(otation\) )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6(N)]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw 7.98 0 0 7.98 324.18 340.9403 Tm (U)Tj 0.003 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 329.94 340.9403 Tm (_R)Tj -0.0017 Tc -0.0002 Tw 7.98 0 0 7.98 341.64 340.9403 Tm [(ES )-7( )-7( )-7( )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 374.88 340.9403 Tm (N)Tj 7.98 0 0 7.98 382.2 340.9403 Tm (U)Tj 0.003 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 387.96 340.9403 Tm (_I)Tj -0.0015 Tc -0.0004 Tw 7.98 0 0 7.98 396.36 340.9403 Tm [(ND )-7( )-7( )-7( )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 431.82 340.9403 Tm (N)Tj 7.98 0 0 7.98 439.08 340.9403 Tm (U)Tj 0.003 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 444.84 340.9403 Tm (_I)Tj -0.0016 Tc -0.0003 Tw 7.98 0 0 7.98 453.24 340.9403 Tm [(NST )-7( )-7( )-7( )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 492.24 340.9403 Tm (N)Tj 7.98 0 0 7.98 499.4999 340.9403 Tm (U)Tj 0.003 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 505.2599 340.9403 Tm (_L)Tj -0.002 Tc 7.98 0 0 7.98 516.4199 340.9403 Tm (EIS)Tj 0 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 528.36 340.9403 Tm ( )Tj 9 0 0 9 85.08 330.5004 Tm ( )Tj -0.0021 Tc 7.02 0 0 7.02 85.08 321.5004 Tm [(Di)-6(st)-6(ances)-6( )9(to)-6( riv)-6(e)-3(r)6(s)-6( \(di)-6(s)2(t)-6(_)2(riv)-6(\))6( )-3496( )-4795( )-4795( )-4795( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )]TJ 53.4359 0 Td [( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )]TJ /TT4 1 Tf 0 Tc 6.4786 0 Td (#)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 0.7692 0 Td ( )Tj 0.0005 Tc -0.0112 Tw -60.6838 -1.2222 Td [(Dis)5(t)-4(ances to )-9(com)9(m)18(er)-8(cia)8(l)-4( )]TJ -0.0026 Tc 0.0005 Tw 10.1111 0 Td [(zon)-7(e)5(s)-7( \(dis)-7(t_)-7(c)5(o)-7(m)15(\))-11( )-2974( )-4795( )-4795( )-4795( )-4795( )-8( )]TJ /TT4 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 33.2137 0 Td (#)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 0.7692 0 Td ( )Tj -0.0024 Tc 0.0003 Tw -44.094 -1.2222 Td [(Di)-7(st)-7(ances)-6( )9(to)-7( s)-6(m)15(al)-7(l)-7(-)-3(sized)-7( )9(i)-7(ndu)-7(st)-7(rial)-7( z)6(o)2(n)-7(e)-3(s)-6( \()6(d)-7(is)-6(t_i)-7(nd)-7(\))6( )-4607( )-4795( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )]TJ /TT4 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 43.4615 0 Td (#)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 0.7692 0 Td ( )Tj -0.0025 Tc 0.0004 Tw -44.2308 -1.2222 Td [(Di)-7(st)-7(ances)-6( )9(to)-7( in)-7(st)-7(itu)-7(tion)-7(al)-7( )9(zon)-7(e)6(s)-6( \(dis)-6(t_)-7(ins)-6(t)-7(\))6( )-3196( )-4795( )-4795( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0 Tw 50.1966 0 Td ( )Tj /TT4 1 Tf 0 Tc 1.2393 0 Td (#)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 0.7692 0 Td ( )Tj -0.0029 Tc 0.0008 Tw -52.2051 -1.2222 Td [(Di)-7(st)-7(ances)-7( )9(to)-7( resid)-7(e)-3(ntial)-7( zo)-7(n)-7(e)5(s)-7( \(d)-7(is)-7(t_)-7(res)-7(\))5( )-4085( )-4795( )-4795( )-8( )-8( )]TJ /TT4 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 35.2308 0 Td (#)Tj /TT0 1 Tf -0.0021 Tc 0.7692 0 Td [( )-8( )-8( )-8( )]TJ /TT4 1 Tf 0 Tc 7.4615 0 Td (#)Tj /TT0 1 Tf -0.0021 Tc 0.7692 0 Td [( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )]TJ /TT4 1 Tf 0 Tc 15.6838 0 Td (#)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 0.7692 0 Td ( )Tj -0.0022 Tc 0.0001 Tw -60.6838 -1.2222 Td [(Di)-6(st)-6(ances)-6( )9(to)-6( l)-6(e)6(i)-6(s)2(u)-6(r)-2(e)6(/)-6(r)6(ecrea)6(t)-6(ion)-6( zon)-6(e)6(s)-6( \(dis)-6(t_l)-6(eis)-6(\))6( )-1094( )-4795( )-4795( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0 Tw 48.9487 0 Td [( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )]TJ /TT4 1 Tf 0 Tc 10.9658 0 Td (#)Tj /TT0 1 Tf -0.0021 Tc 0.7692 0 Td ( )Tj -0.0022 Tc 0.0001 Tw -60.6838 -1.2137 Td [(Di)-6(st)-6(ances)-6( )9(to)-6( m)15(a)-3(i)-6(n)-6( i)-6(nteru)-6(r)6(b)-6(a)6(n)-6( roads)-6( \(int)-6(_rds)-6(\))6( )-2342( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0 Tw 40.6068 0 Td [( )-8( )-8( )]TJ /TT4 1 Tf 0 Tc 2.9915 0 Td (#)Tj /TT0 1 Tf -0.0021 Tc 0.7692 0 Td [( )-8( )-8( )]TJ /TT4 1 Tf 0 Tc 6.9573 0 Td (#)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 3.1346 Tc 0.7607 0 Td [( )-1658( )3137( )]TJ 0.0028 Tc -0.0049 Tw -52.0855 -1.2222 Td [(D)7(i)-1(s)7(t)-1(an)7(ces )9(t)7(o)-1( m)20(a)2(in pa)11(ve)11(d an)7(d n)7(o)7(n)-1(-)11(p)-1(av)7(ed )9(ur)11(ba)11(n an)7(d i)7(n)7(t)-1(er)11(urb)7(a)2(n r)11(o)7(ads \(m)20(ain)7(_)-1(r)11(d)-1(s\))11( )]TJ /TT4 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 35.2991 0 Td (#)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 4.7927 Tc 0.7521 0 Td [( )752( )4795( )]TJ /TT1 1 Tf 0 Tc 7.98 0 0 7.98 85.08 252.4403 Tm ( )Tj /TT0 1 Tf 7.02 0 0 7.02 85.08 244.1603 Tm ( )Tj -0.0001 Tc 0.0401 Tw 12 0 0 12 85.08 231.3803 Tm [(The transition probabilities m)8(a)-1(ps)]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.0389 Tw 13.305 0 Td [( served as)5( inpu)6(ts to)6( the)4( CA sim)8(u)1(lation model \226 DI)4(NAMICA )]TJ 0.0002 Tc -0.0012 Tw -13.305 -1.15 Td (\226 which produced the land use )Tj 0.0004 Tc -0.0004 Tw 12.44 0 Td [(change sim)8(ulations, seen in )]TJ /TT2 1 Tf -0.0001 Tc 0.0001 Tw 11.25 0 Td [(F)6(i)-2(gures 5 \(a\))]TJ /TT1 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 5.385 0 Td (,)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 0.245 0 Td ( )Tj /TT2 1 Tf 0.001 Tc -0.001 Tw 0.25 0 Td [(\(b\), \(c)5(\))]TJ /TT0 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 2.835 0 Td ( and )Tj /TT2 1 Tf 0.0004 Tc 0 Tw 1.94 0 Td (\(d\))Tj /TT0 1 Tf 0 Tc 1.225 0 Td (. )Tj 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 205.6404 Tm ( )Tj 12 0 0 12 85.08 192.3203 Tm ( )Tj 0 -1.15 TD ( )Tj T* ( )Tj T* ( )Tj T* ( )Tj T* ( )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 7.02 0 0 7.02 85.08 114.2003 Tm ( )Tj 0.0015 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 106.1603 Tm [( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )]TJ 0 Tc 7.02 0 0 7.02 182.64 106.1603 Tm ( )Tj 0.0015 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 95.2403 Tm [( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6(a\))11( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )]TJ 32.0239 0 Td [( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )]TJ /TT0 1 Tf 0 Tc 12.2275 0 Td ( )Tj 10.98 0 0 10.98 85.08 82.8803 Tm ( )Tj 0.0016 Tc 0.0238 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 71.1203 Tm [(Fi)4(gu)5(re 5)5(. \(a\) R)10(eal)4( l)4(a)2(nd use i)4(n)-1( )6(Pi)4(raci)4(caba - 1)5(9)5(99;)4( \(b)5(\) Lan)5(d)-1( use si)4(m)13(u)-1(l)4(a)2(ti)4(on 1 \226)5( 19)5(99;)4( \(c)8(\) L)8(a)2(nd )6(use si)4(m)13(u)-1(l)4(a)-4(t)4(i)4(on 2 \226)5( )]TJ -0.0061 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(19)5(9)5(9)-1(;)4( )-6(an)5(d \()5(d)-1(\) Lan)5(d)-1( use )-6(si)4(m)13(u)-1(l)4(a)2(t)4(i)4(on 3 - 19)5(9)5(9)-1(.)]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw 12 0 0 12 260.88 59.6003 Tm ( )Tj ET /CS0 CS 0.004 0.004 0.004 SC 0.75 w 10 M 1 j 1 J []0 d 86.4 353.54 m 540 353.54 l 86.4 335.42 m 540 335.42 l 86.4 253.46 m 540 253.46 l S 0 g /GS1 gs BT /T1_0 9 Tf 1 0 0 1 287.492 28.8 Tm (3703)Tj ET endstream endobj 331 0 obj 12753 endobj 332 0 obj << /Length 333 0 R >> stream /CS2 cs 0 0 0 sc 1 i /RelativeColorimetric ri /GS2 gs BT /TT5 1 Tf 0.0001 Tc 0.2592 Tw 12 0 0 12 85.08 731.7203 Tm [( )-1266(The output layer, on its turn, has only one)]TJ -0.0001 Tc 20.575 0 Td ( neuron that corresponds to the map of )Tj 0.0301 Tw -20.575 -1.15 Td (transition probabilities for the considered type of)Tj 0.0001 Tc 0.0299 Tw 19.725 0 Td ( land use change. In the training data set, the )Tj -0.0036 Tc 0.0286 Tw -19.725 -1.15 Td [(de)-5(s)-4(i)-6(r)-6(e)-5(d \(t)-6(a)-5(r)-6(ge)-5(t)-6(\))-6( va)-5(l)-6(u)-4(e i)-6(n)]TJ -0.0002 Tc 0.0245 Tw 9.6 0 Td ( the output layer is recorded as 1 fo)Tj 0.001 Tc 0.024 Tw 14.295 0 Td [(r)4( a)5( cell th)6(at un)6(derwent a)5( c)5(h)1(ange in)6( )]TJ 0.0007 Tc 0.0483 Tw -23.895 -1.15 Td [(its land use,)6( and 0 for a cell that suffered no ch)]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0498 Tw 19.275 0 Td (ange. In the extraction of)Tj 0.0007 Tc 0.0468 Tw 10.225 0 Td [( the tr)4(ain)6(i)-1(ng data se)5(t )]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.4488 Tw -29.5 -1.15 Td [(for each n)5(e)-1(twork, large rectang)5(l)3(es were de)]TJ 0.0008 Tc 0.4492 Tw 19.65 0 Td [(lim)9(ited within th)6(e s)5(t)-1(u)6(dy area co)6(ntain)6(i)-1(ng)6( )]TJ 0.001 Tc 0.094 Tw -19.65 -1.15 Td [(repres)5(enta)5(tive sam)9(p)1(les of)4( the exis)5(te)5(nt rang)6(es of)]TJ 0 Tc 0.0937 Tw 19.505 0 Td [( distances \(for the m)8(a)-1(ps)]TJ -0.0005 Tc 0.0955 Tw 9.875 0 Td [( of variables\) and of)8( )]TJ 0.0009 Tc -0.0009 Tw -29.38 -1.15 Td [(land use pe)5(r)4(m)9(anence and change \()4(i)-1(n)6( the cas)5(e of)4( the m)9(aps of)4( land use tr)4(an)6(sition)6(\))-1(. )]TJ 0.0008 Tc 0.1138 Tw 0 -1.15 TD [( )-1410(Diverging a)5(pproaches)5( r)4(u)1(le th)6(e def)4(i)4(nition)6( of)4( the)5( num)9(ber of)4( neurons in)6( the hidden la)5(yer. )]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.0297 Tw T* [(According to Kolm)8(ogor)-7(ov\264s theorem)8( \()-7(Y)3(eh and Li, 2003\), if)8( )]TJ /TT6 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 24.4 0 Td (n)Tj /TT5 1 Tf 0.0292 Tw 0.5 0 Td ( is the number of neurons in the )Tj 0.0002 Tc 0.2538 Tw -24.9 -1.15 Td [(input layer, the use of)8( 2)]TJ /TT6 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 10.705 0 Td (n)Tj /TT5 1 Tf -0.0006 Tc 0.2547 Tw 0.5 0 Td ( + 1 neurons can guarantee the )Tj -0.0003 Tc 0.2553 Tw 14.245 0 Td [(perfect fit of any continuous)-6( )]TJ -0.0001 Tc 0.1701 Tw -25.45 -1.15 Td [(functions, and reducing the num)8(ber of neurons )]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.1697 Tw 20.12 0 Td [(m)8(a)-1(y lead to lesser accuracy. On the other )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.001 Tw -20.12 -1.15 Td [(hand, W)9(a)-1(ng states that 2)]TJ /TT6 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 9.8 0 Td (n)Tj /TT5 1 Tf 0.0004 Tc -0.0004 Tw 0.5 0 Td [(/3 hidden neurons can produce results of alm)8(ost sim)8(ilar accuracy but )]TJ 0.0009 Tc 0.0034 Tw -10.3 -1.15 Td [(requires m)9(u)-4(ch less tim)9(e to train \(W)10(ang, 1994 apud )]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.0047 Tw 20.54 0 Td (Yeh and Li, 2003\). In a)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.0045 Tw 9.385 0 Td (ll the four networks )Tj 0.0001 Tc 0.0399 Tw -29.925 -1.15 Td [(of this study, Kol)-7(m)8(ogorov\264s prem)8(is)-6(es have been)]TJ 0.0005 Tc 0.0382 Tw 19.6 0 Td ( observed, and the pred)Tj 0 Tc 0.0375 Tw 9.46 0 Td (iction error decreased )Tj 0.001 Tc 0.339 Tw -29.06 -1.15 Td [(consider)4(ably)6( during)6( the)5( )]TJ -0.0004 Tc 0.3404 Tw 10.71 0 Td (training, as shown in )Tj /TT7 1 Tf 0.0005 Tc 0.337 Tw 9.935 0 Td [(Figure 4)6( \(b\))]TJ /TT5 1 Tf 0.001 Tc 0.339 Tw 5.73 0 Td [(. W)10(ith the ce)5(lls)5( tra)5(n)1(sitio)6(n)6( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.0346 Tw -26.375 -1.15 Td [(probabilities)5( being d)5(e)-1(fin)5(e)-1(d by th)5(e A)8(NN outputs,)5( )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0348 Tw 19.78 0 Td [(global trans)4(ition)5( probab)5(ilities were reckoned )]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.163 Tw -19.78 -1.15 Td (through a cross-tabulation operatio)Tj 0 Tc 0.165 Tw 14.46 0 Td (n between the initial)Tj 0.1637 Tw 8.625 0 Td ( and final land us)Tj -0.0005 Tc 0.1655 Tw 7.54 0 Td [(e m)7(a)-2(ps shown in )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.1896 Tw -30.625 -1.15 Td [(Figure 1. T)6(hese probabilities are 0.1501 for th)]TJ 0 Tc 0.189 Tw 19.745 0 Td (e transition \223nu_res\224, 0.0113 for \223nu_ind\224, )Tj 0.0002 Tc -0.0012 Tw -19.745 -1.15 Td (0.0028 for \223nu_inst\224, and 0.0005 for )Tj 0.0003 Tc -0.0003 Tw 14.855 0 Td (the transition \223nu_leis\224.)Tj 0 Tc 0 Tw 7.02 0 0 7.02 377.7 483.3203 Tm ( )Tj /TT7 1 Tf 12 0 0 12 85.08 457.4003 Tm (6.)Tj /TT8 1 Tf 0.75 0 Td ( )Tj /TT7 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 1.025 0 Td [(Results and Discussion)6( )]TJ /TT5 1 Tf 0.0001 Tc 0.0749 Tw -1.775 -1.64 Td (Maps of transition probabilities were generated )Tj 0.0002 Tc 0.0748 Tw 19.61 0 Td [(for the four types of land use change, wher)-7(e)-6( )]TJ 0.0008 Tc 0.1992 Tw -19.61 -1.225 Td [(the learning param)9(eter \()]TJ /TT9 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 12 0 4.1041 12 207.3 423.0203 Tm (")Tj /TT5 1 Tf -0.0003 Tc 0.2011 Tw 12 0 0 12 214.56 423.0203 Tm [(\) was set to 0.2, the m)8(a)-1(xi)-7(m)8(u)]TJ 0.0008 Tc 0.1992 Tw 12.475 0 Td [(m)9( distance to the error \()]TJ /TT6 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 10.585 0 Td (d)Tj 0.0017 Tc 7.98 0 0 7.98 497.22 421.5203 Tm (max)Tj /TT5 1 Tf 0.0024 Tc 0.1976 Tw 12 0 0 12 510.54 423.0203 Tm (\) was )Tj 0 Tc 0.0535 Tw -35.455 -1.15 Td (adjusted to 0.1, and the iteration cycles ra)Tj 0.0544 Tw 17.015 0 Td [(nged from)8( 800 to 1,000. Upon basis of the pruning )]TJ 0.0009 Tc -0.002 Tw -17.015 -1.15 Td [(algor)4(ithm)9(,)1( sets of)4( variab)6(les have b)6(ee)5(n)1( selec)5(t)-1(ed to)6( explain the land use tran)6(sition)6(s \()]TJ /TT7 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 32.825 0 Td (Table 2)Tj /TT5 1 Tf 0.001 Tc 0 Tw 3.195 0 Td (\). )Tj 0 Tc 7.98 0 0 7.98 85.08 385.4003 Tm ( )Tj 0.0012 Tc -0.0057 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 374.3003 Tm [(Tabl)4(e 2 )]TJ 0.0016 Tc -0.0061 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(Sel)4(ect)4(i)4(on of)5( )-6(va)8(ri)4(abl)4(e)2(s det)4(e)2(rm)13(ini)4(n)5(g )-6(l)4(a)2(n)5(d)-1( use)8( )-6(c)8(h)-1(an)5(ge )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw 9 0 0 9 85.08 352.3403 Tm ( )Tj 0.0008 Tc 0.0007 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 340.9403 Tm [(Inde)8(pende)8(n)-2(t V)4(a)2(riables )6(\(N)4(otation\) )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6(N)]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw 7.98 0 0 7.98 324.18 340.9403 Tm (U)Tj 0.003 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 329.94 340.9403 Tm (_R)Tj -0.0017 Tc -0.0002 Tw 7.98 0 0 7.98 341.64 340.9403 Tm [(ES )-7( )-7( )-7( )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 374.88 340.9403 Tm (N)Tj 7.98 0 0 7.98 382.2 340.9403 Tm (U)Tj 0.003 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 387.96 340.9403 Tm (_I)Tj -0.0015 Tc -0.0004 Tw 7.98 0 0 7.98 396.36 340.9403 Tm [(ND )-7( )-7( )-7( )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 431.82 340.9403 Tm (N)Tj 7.98 0 0 7.98 439.08 340.9403 Tm (U)Tj 0.003 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 444.84 340.9403 Tm (_I)Tj -0.0016 Tc -0.0003 Tw 7.98 0 0 7.98 453.24 340.9403 Tm [(NST )-7( )-7( )-7( )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 492.24 340.9403 Tm (N)Tj 7.98 0 0 7.98 499.4999 340.9403 Tm (U)Tj 0.003 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 505.2599 340.9403 Tm (_L)Tj -0.002 Tc 7.98 0 0 7.98 516.4199 340.9403 Tm (EIS)Tj 0 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 528.36 340.9403 Tm ( )Tj 9 0 0 9 85.08 330.5004 Tm ( )Tj -0.0021 Tc 7.02 0 0 7.02 85.08 321.5004 Tm [(Di)-6(st)-6(ances)-6( )9(to)-6( riv)-6(e)-3(r)6(s)-6( \(di)-6(s)2(t)-6(_)2(riv)-6(\))6( )-3496( )-4795( )-4795( )-4795( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )]TJ 53.4359 0 Td [( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )]TJ /TT9 1 Tf 0 Tc 6.4786 0 Td (#)Tj /TT5 1 Tf 0.7692 0 Td ( )Tj 0.0005 Tc -0.0112 Tw -60.6838 -1.2222 Td [(Dis)5(t)-4(ances to )-9(com)9(m)18(er)-8(cia)8(l)-4( )]TJ -0.0026 Tc 0.0005 Tw 10.1111 0 Td [(zon)-7(e)5(s)-7( \(dis)-7(t_)-7(c)5(o)-7(m)15(\))-11( )-2974( )-4795( )-4795( )-4795( )-4795( )-8( )]TJ /TT9 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 33.2137 0 Td (#)Tj /TT5 1 Tf 0.7692 0 Td ( )Tj -0.0024 Tc 0.0003 Tw -44.094 -1.2222 Td [(Di)-7(st)-7(ances)-6( )9(to)-7( s)-6(m)15(al)-7(l)-7(-)-3(sized)-7( )9(i)-7(ndu)-7(st)-7(rial)-7( z)6(o)2(n)-7(e)-3(s)-6( \()6(d)-7(is)-6(t_i)-7(nd)-7(\))6( )-4607( )-4795( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )]TJ /TT9 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 43.4615 0 Td (#)Tj /TT5 1 Tf 0.7692 0 Td ( )Tj -0.0025 Tc 0.0004 Tw -44.2308 -1.2222 Td [(Di)-7(st)-7(ances)-6( )9(to)-7( in)-7(st)-7(itu)-7(tion)-7(al)-7( )9(zon)-7(e)6(s)-6( \(dis)-6(t_)-7(ins)-6(t)-7(\))6( )-3196( )-4795( )-4795( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0 Tw 50.1966 0 Td ( )Tj /TT9 1 Tf 0 Tc 1.2393 0 Td (#)Tj /TT5 1 Tf 0.7692 0 Td ( )Tj -0.0029 Tc 0.0008 Tw -52.2051 -1.2222 Td [(Di)-7(st)-7(ances)-7( )9(to)-7( resid)-7(e)-3(ntial)-7( zo)-7(n)-7(e)5(s)-7( \(d)-7(is)-7(t_)-7(res)-7(\))5( )-4085( )-4795( )-4795( )-8( )-8( )]TJ /TT9 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 35.2308 0 Td (#)Tj /TT5 1 Tf -0.0021 Tc 0.7692 0 Td [( )-8( )-8( )-8( )]TJ /TT9 1 Tf 0 Tc 7.4615 0 Td (#)Tj /TT5 1 Tf -0.0021 Tc 0.7692 0 Td [( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )]TJ /TT9 1 Tf 0 Tc 15.6838 0 Td (#)Tj /TT5 1 Tf 0.7692 0 Td ( )Tj -0.0022 Tc 0.0001 Tw -60.6838 -1.2222 Td [(Di)-6(st)-6(ances)-6( )9(to)-6( l)-6(e)6(i)-6(s)2(u)-6(r)-2(e)6(/)-6(r)6(ecrea)6(t)-6(ion)-6( zon)-6(e)6(s)-6( \(dis)-6(t_l)-6(eis)-6(\))6( )-1094( )-4795( )-4795( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0 Tw 48.9487 0 Td [( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )]TJ /TT9 1 Tf 0 Tc 10.9658 0 Td (#)Tj /TT5 1 Tf -0.0021 Tc 0.7692 0 Td ( )Tj -0.0022 Tc 0.0001 Tw -60.6838 -1.2137 Td [(Di)-6(st)-6(ances)-6( )9(to)-6( m)15(a)-3(i)-6(n)-6( i)-6(nteru)-6(r)6(b)-6(a)6(n)-6( roads)-6( \(int)-6(_rds)-6(\))6( )-2342( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0 Tw 40.6068 0 Td [( )-8( )-8( )]TJ /TT9 1 Tf 0 Tc 2.9915 0 Td (#)Tj /TT5 1 Tf -0.0021 Tc 0.7692 0 Td [( )-8( )-8( )]TJ /TT9 1 Tf 0 Tc 6.9573 0 Td (#)Tj /TT5 1 Tf 3.1346 Tc 0.7607 0 Td [( )-1658( )3137( )]TJ 0.0028 Tc -0.0049 Tw -52.0855 -1.2222 Td [(D)7(i)-1(s)7(t)-1(an)7(ces )9(t)7(o)-1( m)20(a)2(in pa)11(ve)11(d an)7(d n)7(o)7(n)-1(-)11(p)-1(av)7(ed )9(ur)11(ba)11(n an)7(d i)7(n)7(t)-1(er)11(urb)7(a)2(n r)11(o)7(ads \(m)20(ain)7(_)-1(r)11(d)-1(s\))11( )]TJ /TT9 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 35.2991 0 Td (#)Tj /TT5 1 Tf 4.7927 Tc 0.7521 0 Td [( )752( )4795( )]TJ /TT6 1 Tf 0 Tc 7.98 0 0 7.98 85.08 252.4403 Tm ( )Tj /TT5 1 Tf 7.02 0 0 7.02 85.08 244.1603 Tm ( )Tj -0.0001 Tc 0.0401 Tw 12 0 0 12 85.08 231.3803 Tm [(The transition probabilities m)8(a)-1(ps)]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.0389 Tw 13.305 0 Td [( served as)5( inpu)6(ts to)6( the)4( CA sim)8(u)1(lation model \226 DI)4(NAMICA )]TJ 0.0002 Tc -0.0012 Tw -13.305 -1.15 Td (\226 which produced the land use )Tj 0.0004 Tc -0.0004 Tw 12.44 0 Td [(change sim)8(ulations, seen in )]TJ /TT7 1 Tf -0.0001 Tc 0.0001 Tw 11.25 0 Td [(F)6(i)-2(gures 5 \(a\))]TJ /TT6 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 5.385 0 Td (,)Tj /TT5 1 Tf 0.245 0 Td ( )Tj /TT7 1 Tf 0.001 Tc -0.001 Tw 0.25 0 Td [(\(b\), \(c)5(\))]TJ /TT5 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 2.835 0 Td ( and )Tj /TT7 1 Tf 0.0004 Tc 0 Tw 1.94 0 Td (\(d\))Tj /TT5 1 Tf 0 Tc 1.225 0 Td (. )Tj 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 205.6404 Tm ( )Tj 12 0 0 12 85.08 192.3203 Tm ( )Tj 0 -1.15 TD ( )Tj T* ( )Tj T* ( )Tj T* ( )Tj T* ( )Tj /TT6 1 Tf 7.02 0 0 7.02 85.08 114.2003 Tm ( )Tj 0.0015 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 106.1603 Tm [( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )]TJ 0 Tc 7.02 0 0 7.02 182.64 106.1603 Tm ( )Tj 0.0015 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 95.2403 Tm [( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6(a\))11( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )]TJ 32.0239 0 Td [( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )]TJ /TT5 1 Tf 0 Tc 12.2275 0 Td ( )Tj 10.98 0 0 10.98 85.08 82.8803 Tm ( )Tj 0.0016 Tc 0.0238 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 71.1203 Tm [(Fi)4(gu)5(re 5)5(. \(a\) R)10(eal)4( l)4(a)2(nd use i)4(n)-1( )6(Pi)4(raci)4(caba - 1)5(9)5(99;)4( \(b)5(\) Lan)5(d)-1( use si)4(m)13(u)-1(l)4(a)2(ti)4(on 1 \226)5( 19)5(99;)4( \(c)8(\) L)8(a)2(nd )6(use si)4(m)13(u)-1(l)4(a)-4(t)4(i)4(on 2 \226)5( )]TJ -0.0061 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(19)5(9)5(9)-1(;)4( )-6(an)5(d \()5(d)-1(\) Lan)5(d)-1( use )-6(si)4(m)13(u)-1(l)4(a)2(t)4(i)4(on 3 - 19)5(9)5(9)-1(.)]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw 12 0 0 12 260.88 59.6003 Tm ( )Tj ET /CS2 CS 0.004 0.004 0.004 SC 0.75 w 10 M 1 j 1 J []0 d 86.4 353.54 m 540 353.54 l 86.4 335.42 m 540 335.42 l 86.4 253.46 m 540 253.46 l S 0 g /GS3 gs BT /T1_1 9 Tf 1 0 0 1 287.492 28.8 Tm (3703)Tj ET q 90 0 0 81.42 211.02 103.4003 cm /Im0 Do Q 1 w 8 M 0 j /GS2 gs 85.02 89.24 108 108 re S /GS3 gs q 90 0 0 86.94 94.02 101.3003 cm /Im1 Do Q /GS2 gs 202.02 89.24 108 108 re 319.02 89.24 108 108 re 436.02 89.24 108 108 re S 0.502 0.502 0.502 SC 5.5 w 10 M 1 j 0 J 210.9 103.82 m 300.9 103.82 l S 3.5 w 210.9 184.82 m 300.9 184.82 l S 1 1 1 SC 4 w 210.9 193.82 m 210.9 94.82 l S 5 w 301.02 193.82 m 301.02 94.82 l S /CS2 cs 0 0 0 sc BT /TT6 1 Tf 0.003 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 299.28 93.8604 Tm [(b\))13( )]TJ ET /GS3 gs q 90 0 0 85.74 328.02 99.0804 cm /Im2 Do Q 0.502 0.502 0.502 SC 4 w /GS2 gs 328.02 184.82 m 418.02 184.82 l S 5.5 w 328.02 103.82 m 418.02 103.82 l S 1 1 1 SC 7 w 328.02 193.82 m 328.02 94.82 l S 4.5 w 418.02 193.82 m 418.02 94.82 l S BT /TT6 1 Tf -0.0007 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 416.28 93.8604 Tm (c\))Tj /TT5 1 Tf 0 Tc 12 0 0 12 423.96 93.8604 Tm ( )Tj ET /GS3 gs q 90 0 0 81.42 445.02 103.4003 cm /Im3 Do Q 1 1 1 sc /GS2 gs 328.02 193.82 90 -9 re f 445.02 193.82 90 -9 re f 1.5 w 8 M 0 j 1 J 445.02 184.82 90 9 re S 0.502 0.502 0.502 SC 5.5 w 10 M 1 j 0 J 445.02 103.82 m 535.02 103.82 l S 1 1 1 SC 445.02 193.82 m 445.02 94.82 l S 3.5 w 535.02 193.82 m 535.02 94.82 l S 0 0 0 sc BT /TT6 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0008 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 524.28 93.8604 Tm [( )6(d\))]TJ /TT5 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 12 0 0 12 540.0599 93.8604 Tm ( )Tj ET 2 w 94.02 193.82 m 94.02 94.82 l S 1 1 1 sc 211.02 193.82 90 -9 re f 94.02 193.82 90 -9 re f endstream endobj 333 0 obj 14192 endobj 334 0 obj << /Length 335 0 R >> stream /CS42 cs 0 0 0 sc 1 i /RelativeColorimetric ri /GS42 gs BT /TT84 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0294 Tw 12 0 0 12 103.1542 530.9124 Tm [(The land us)5(e change simulations w)8(e)-1(re accom)8(p)1(lished by tw)8(o types of stochastic tran)6(sition )]TJ -0.0002 Tc 0.2502 Tw -1.775 -1.15 Td [(algorithm)8(s)-1( \226 \223expander\224 and \223patcher\224 \226 wh)]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.2479 Tw 19.315 0 Td (ich operate changes through expansion and )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1232 Tw -19.315 -1.15 Td [(diffusion, respectively. These sim)8(u)1(lations were )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.1244 Tw 19.76 0 Td (validated according to)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1195 Tw 9.145 0 Td [( a )-10(m)8(u)1(ltiple resolution)6( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.1646 Tw -28.905 -1.15 Td [(fitting m)8(e)-1(thod \(Constan)5(za, 1989\), and the va)]TJ 0.1638 Tw 18.875 0 Td [(lu)5(es obtained for windows 3x3, 5x5 and 9x9)5( )]TJ 0.0296 Tw -18.875 -1.15 Td (were 0.862682, 0.864872, and 0.864644, respectively for S1, S2, and S3. \ It is observable that )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1095 Tw 0 -1.15 TD [(the land use transitions com)8(p)1(ly with econom)]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.1105 Tw 18.55 0 Td (ic theories of urban growth and change)Tj /TT85 1 Tf 0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 499.8142 461.9124 Tm (, )Tj /TT84 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 12 0 0 12 506.1742 461.9124 Tm (which )Tj 0.0007 Tc 0.0003 Tw -35.36 -1.15 Td [(m)9(axi)-6(m)9(i)-1(ze consum)9(ers\264 and m)9(arkets\264 utilities in)]TJ 0.001 Tc -0.0017 Tw 18.53 0 Td [( te)5(rm)9(s of real s)5(t)-1(ate p)6(r)-1(ic)5(es a)5(nd access)5(i)-1(bility. )]TJ /TT85 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw -18.53 -2.16 Td (7.)Tj /TT86 1 Tf ( )Tj /TT85 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 1.5 0 Td (Conclusions )Tj /TT84 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0024 Tw -1.5 -1.64 Td (Cities are open and non-linear co)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.0045 Tw 13.27 0 Td [(m)8(p)1(lex system)8(s. ANN though proved )]TJ 0.0009 Tc 0.0007 Tw (to have the cap)Tj 0.0007 Tc -0.0007 Tw 20.94 0 Td (ability to )Tj 0.0002 Tc 0.1298 Tw -34.21 -1.15 Td (model non-linear features and handle well the )Tj 0.0001 Tc 19.49 0 Td [(uncertainties of spatial data. ANN h)-5(a)-1(ve two )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.0185 Tw -19.49 -1.15 Td [(m)8(a)-1(in disadvantages: they are black-box devises and )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0198 Tw 21.115 0 Td [(the user\264s intervention is still decisive for)-7( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.0896 Tw -21.115 -1.15 Td (the results quality. Further studies are needed )Tj 0.0897 Tw 19.025 0 Td (to assess the responsiveness of the simulation )Tj 0.0005 Tc -0.0011 Tw -19.025 -1.15 Td [(outputs in)6( face of changes in the type,)6( structur)]TJ 0.0007 Tc -0.0023 Tw 18.47 0 Td [(e an)6(d internal param)9(ete)]TJ 0.0004 Tc -0.0004 Tw 9.35 0 Td [(rs of the network.)5( )]TJ /TT85 1 Tf 0.0007 Tc 0 Tw -27.82 -2.16 Td [(References)5( )]TJ /TT84 1 Tf -0.0011 Tc 0.0146 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 81.8542 303.5724 Tm [(Batty, M; Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, H.; Eichen)-4(, M. Urban)-4( )6(syste)-6(m)10(s as cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata,)]TJ /TT87 1 Tf -0.0022 Tc 0.0157 Tw 29 0 Td [( E)-8(n)-5(vironm)-5(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plan)-5(n)-5(i)6(ng)-5( B)]TJ /TT84 1 Tf 0.0025 Tc 0.011 Tw 12.7605 0 Td [(,)7( v.)7(2)6(4, )6(p.)13( )]TJ -0.0026 Tc -0.0019 Tw -41.7605 -1.1497 Td [(1)-6(59-)-5(164)-6(, 19)-6(97)-6(. )]TJ -0.0018 Tc 0.0811 Tw 0 -1.6467 TD [(Co)-5(n)-5(s)-2(tan)-5(za, R. )6(Mo)-5(d)-5(e)-1(l goo)-5(dn)-5(ess o)-5(f)-4( fit: a )-6(m)10(u)-5(ltip)-5(le reso)-5(lu)-5(tion p)-5(r)2(o)-5(cedu)-5(r)-4(e, )]TJ /TT87 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0817 Tw 28.9461 0 Td [(Eco)-5(log)-5(ica)-5(l Mod)-5(e)4(llin)-5(g)]TJ /TT84 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.0749 Tw 8.7545 0 Td [(, )-6(v)-4(.)3(47)-4(, p)-4(.)-3( 1)-4(99-)-4(215)-4(,)-9( )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0 Tw -37.7006 -1.1437 Td [(1)-4(989)-4(. )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0.062 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, )6(H. )6(Cellu)-4(lar wo)-4(rl)8(ds: a fram)11(ewo)-4(rk for m)11(o)-4(d)-4(ellin)-4(g micro)-4(-)-3(m)11(acro)-4( )6(d)-4(y)2(n)-4(am)11(i)2(cs, )]TJ /TT87 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0.0641 Tw 33.5569 0 Td [(En)-6(viro)-6(nm)-5(en)-6(ta)-6(l and)-6( Plann)-6(ing)-6( )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw -33.5569 -1.1497 Td (A)Tj /TT84 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw [(, v)-4(.)3(1)-4(7)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 58)-4(5-)-4(596)-4(, 19)-4(85)-4(. )]TJ -0.0005 Tc 0.0559 Tw 0 -1.6467 TD [(Dead)-3(m)11(an)-3(,)-2( P.; )6(Brown, R. )6(D.; )6(Gim)11(b)-3(let)-4(t)2(, P. M)8(o)-3(d)-3(elling)-3( )6(rura)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0575 Tw 23.0838 0 Td [(l resid)-5(e)-1(n)-5(tial settle)-7(m)9(e)-1(n)-5(t p)-5(a)-1(tterns with)-5( cellu)-5(lar au)-5(to)-5(m)9(a)-1(ta,)-10( )]TJ /TT87 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc -0.0006 Tw -23.0838 -1.1497 Td [(Jou)5(r)2(n)5(a)-1(l)5( )6(of)5( Env)9(i)5(ron)5(me)9(n)-1(t)5(a)-1(l)5( M)9(a)5(na)5(ge)9(ment)]TJ /TT84 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 15.7784 0 Td [(, )-6( v)-5(.)-3( 37)-5(, p)-5(.)3( )-6(147)-5(-16)-5(0)1(, 1)-5(993)-5(. )]TJ 0.0017 Tc 0.0357 Tw -15.7784 -1.5449 Td [(Fi)4(sher)5(, M)5(. M)5(.;)10( Ab)5(ra)8(hart)4(, R)4(. J)8(. Ne)8(ur)5(oc)8(om)13(put)4(i)4(ng \226)5( t)4(o)5(ol)4(s f)5(o)-1(r )6(geo)5(g)5(r)-1(ap)5(her)5(s)2(. I)5(n)-1(:)4( O)5(p)-1(en)5(sha)8(w)-1(, )6(S.;)4( A)5(b)-1(ra)8(hart)4(, R)10(. J. \(e)8(ds)8(\))5(,)6( )]TJ /TT87 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(G)-5(e)-2(o)-6(c)4(om)-5(pu)-6(ta)-6(ti)6(o)-6(n)]TJ /TT84 1 Tf -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw 6.6527 0 Td [(, )6(N)-5(e)-2(w Yo)-5(rk)-5(:)6( Taylo)-5(r)-5( )6(& Fr)-5(ancis, ch)-5(ap)-5(.8)-5(, p. )6(1)-5(87-)-5(217)-5(, )6(20)-5(00)-5(. )]TJ -0.0013 Tc 0.0028 Tw -6.6527 -1.5449 Td [(Gong)-4(, P. In)-4(tegrated)-4( an)-4(alysis o)-4(f)-4( sp)-4(atial d)-4(a)-1(ta )-6(fro)-4(m)10( )-6(m)10(u)-10(ltip)]TJ -0.0016 Tc 0.0031 Tw 22.2096 0 Td [(le )-6(so)-5(urces: u)-5(s)-2(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( )6(ev)-5(id)-5(en)-5(tial reaso)-5(n)-5(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( an)-5(d)-5( artificial n)-5(e)-1(u)-5(r)-4(al)7( )]TJ 0.0019 Tc 0.0774 Tw -22.2096 -1.1497 Td [(net)4(w)6(or)6(k t)4(ech)5(ni)10(que)9(s f)6(o)-1(r )6(ge)9(ol)4(o)5(g)-1(i)4(cal)4( m)13(a)3(ppi)4(ng,)6( )]TJ /TT87 1 Tf 0.0012 Tc 0.0722 Tw 18.2455 0 Td [(Ph)4(ot)4(o)4(g)-2(ra)4(m)5(m)-1(e)8(t)4(ri)4(c )-6(Engi)10(neeri)4(ng a)4(nd Rem)5(o)-2(t)10(e)2( )-6(Sen)4(s)1(i)4(n)4(g)]TJ /TT84 1 Tf 0.002 Tc 0.0714 Tw 20.8862 0 Td [(, v. 6)5(2)-1(, p. 51)5(3)5(-)]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.003 Tw -39.1317 -1.1437 Td [(5)-4(2)2(3)-4(,)3( 199)-4(6. )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0.0087 Tw 0 -1.5509 TD [(Li, X.; )6(Yeh)-4(,)-3( )6(A. G. Calibration o)-4(f)3( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata b)-4(y)2( u)-4(s)]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0.0054 Tw 22.6527 0 Td [(i)5(n)-1(g)5( ne)9(ural)5( )6(net)5(w)6(or)6(ks )6(fo)5(r t)5(h)-1(e)9( si)5(m)14(u)-7(l)5(a)3(t)5(i)5(on o)5(f c)9(o)-1(m)14(p)-1(lex )6(ur)6(ban)11( )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0 Tw -22.6527 -1.1437 Td [(syste)-6(m)11(s, )]TJ /TT87 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0063 Tw 3.6587 0 Td [(Envi)4(r)8(o)-1(n)5(m)-1(e)9(n)-1(t)4(a)-1(l)4( an)5(d Pl)4(an)5(ni)4(n)5(g)-1( )-6(A)]TJ /TT84 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 12.4491 0 Td [(, v)-5(.)-3( 3)-5(3)1(, p)-5(.)-3( 14)-5(45-)-4(146)-5(2, 2)-5(001)-5(. )]TJ 0 g ET /GS43 gs BT /T1_21 9 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 1 0 0 1 287.492 28.8 Tm (3704)Tj /CS42 cs 0 0 0 sc ET /GS42 gs BT /TT84 1 Tf 0.0001 Tc 0.2592 Tw 12 0 0 12 85.08 731.7203 Tm [( )-1266(The output layer, on its turn, has only one)]TJ -0.0001 Tc 20.575 0 Td ( neuron that corresponds to the map of )Tj 0.0301 Tw -20.575 -1.15 Td (transition probabilities for the considered type of)Tj 0.0001 Tc 0.0299 Tw 19.725 0 Td ( land use change. In the training data set, the )Tj -0.0036 Tc 0.0286 Tw -19.725 -1.15 Td [(de)-5(s)-4(i)-6(r)-6(e)-5(d \(t)-6(a)-5(r)-6(ge)-5(t)-6(\))-6( va)-5(l)-6(u)-4(e i)-6(n)]TJ -0.0002 Tc 0.0245 Tw 9.6 0 Td ( the output layer is recorded as 1 fo)Tj 0.001 Tc 0.024 Tw 14.295 0 Td [(r)4( a)5( cell th)6(at un)6(derwent a)5( c)5(h)1(ange in)6( )]TJ 0.0007 Tc 0.0483 Tw -23.895 -1.15 Td [(its land use,)6( and 0 for a cell that suffered no ch)]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0498 Tw 19.275 0 Td (ange. In the extraction of)Tj 0.0007 Tc 0.0468 Tw 10.225 0 Td [( the tr)4(ain)6(i)-1(ng data se)5(t )]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.4488 Tw -29.5 -1.15 Td [(for each n)5(e)-1(twork, large rectang)5(l)3(es were de)]TJ 0.0008 Tc 0.4492 Tw 19.65 0 Td [(lim)9(ited within th)6(e s)5(t)-1(u)6(dy area co)6(ntain)6(i)-1(ng)6( )]TJ 0.001 Tc 0.094 Tw -19.65 -1.15 Td [(repres)5(enta)5(tive sam)9(p)1(les of)4( the exis)5(te)5(nt rang)6(es of)]TJ 0 Tc 0.0937 Tw 19.505 0 Td [( distances \(for the m)8(a)-1(ps)]TJ -0.0005 Tc 0.0955 Tw 9.875 0 Td [( of variables\) and of)8( )]TJ 0.0009 Tc -0.0009 Tw -29.38 -1.15 Td [(land use pe)5(r)4(m)9(anence and change \()4(i)-1(n)6( the cas)5(e of)4( the m)9(aps of)4( land use tr)4(an)6(sition)6(\))-1(. )]TJ 0.0008 Tc 0.1138 Tw 0 -1.15 TD [( )-1410(Diverging a)5(pproaches)5( r)4(u)1(le th)6(e def)4(i)4(nition)6( of)4( the)5( num)9(ber of)4( neurons in)6( the hidden la)5(yer. )]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.0297 Tw T* [(According to Kolm)8(ogor)-7(ov\264s theorem)8( \()-7(Y)3(eh and Li, 2003\), if)8( )]TJ /TT87 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 24.4 0 Td (n)Tj /TT84 1 Tf 0.0292 Tw 0.5 0 Td ( is the number of neurons in the )Tj 0.0002 Tc 0.2538 Tw -24.9 -1.15 Td [(input layer, the use of)8( 2)]TJ /TT87 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 10.705 0 Td (n)Tj /TT84 1 Tf -0.0006 Tc 0.2547 Tw 0.5 0 Td ( + 1 neurons can guarantee the )Tj -0.0003 Tc 0.2553 Tw 14.245 0 Td [(perfect fit of any continuous)-6( )]TJ -0.0001 Tc 0.1701 Tw -25.45 -1.15 Td [(functions, and reducing the num)8(ber of neurons )]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.1697 Tw 20.12 0 Td [(m)8(a)-1(y lead to lesser accuracy. On the other )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.001 Tw -20.12 -1.15 Td [(hand, W)9(a)-1(ng states that 2)]TJ /TT87 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 9.8 0 Td (n)Tj /TT84 1 Tf 0.0004 Tc -0.0004 Tw 0.5 0 Td [(/3 hidden neurons can produce results of alm)8(ost sim)8(ilar accuracy but )]TJ 0.0009 Tc 0.0034 Tw -10.3 -1.15 Td [(requires m)9(u)-4(ch less tim)9(e to train \(W)10(ang, 1994 apud )]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.0047 Tw 20.54 0 Td (Yeh and Li, 2003\). In a)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.0045 Tw 9.385 0 Td (ll the four networks )Tj 0.0001 Tc 0.0399 Tw -29.925 -1.15 Td [(of this study, Kol)-7(m)8(ogorov\264s prem)8(is)-6(es have been)]TJ 0.0005 Tc 0.0382 Tw 19.6 0 Td ( observed, and the pred)Tj 0 Tc 0.0375 Tw 9.46 0 Td (iction error decreased )Tj 0.001 Tc 0.339 Tw -29.06 -1.15 Td [(consider)4(ably)6( during)6( the)5( )]TJ -0.0004 Tc 0.3404 Tw 10.71 0 Td (training, as shown in )Tj /TT85 1 Tf 0.0005 Tc 0.337 Tw 9.935 0 Td [(Figure 4)6( \(b\))]TJ /TT84 1 Tf 0.001 Tc 0.339 Tw 5.73 0 Td [(. W)10(ith the ce)5(lls)5( tra)5(n)1(sitio)6(n)6( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.0346 Tw -26.375 -1.15 Td [(probabilities)5( being d)5(e)-1(fin)5(e)-1(d by th)5(e A)8(NN outputs,)5( )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0348 Tw 19.78 0 Td [(global trans)4(ition)5( probab)5(ilities were reckoned )]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.163 Tw -19.78 -1.15 Td (through a cross-tabulation operatio)Tj 0 Tc 0.165 Tw 14.46 0 Td (n between the initial)Tj 0.1637 Tw 8.625 0 Td ( and final land us)Tj -0.0005 Tc 0.1655 Tw 7.54 0 Td [(e m)7(a)-2(ps shown in )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.1896 Tw -30.625 -1.15 Td [(Figure 1. T)6(hese probabilities are 0.1501 for th)]TJ 0 Tc 0.189 Tw 19.745 0 Td (e transition \223nu_res\224, 0.0113 for \223nu_ind\224, )Tj 0.0002 Tc -0.0012 Tw -19.745 -1.15 Td (0.0028 for \223nu_inst\224, and 0.0005 for )Tj 0.0003 Tc -0.0003 Tw 14.855 0 Td (the transition \223nu_leis\224.)Tj 0 Tc 0 Tw 7.02 0 0 7.02 377.7 483.3203 Tm ( )Tj /TT85 1 Tf 12 0 0 12 85.08 457.4003 Tm (6.)Tj /TT86 1 Tf 0.75 0 Td ( )Tj /TT85 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 1.025 0 Td [(Results and Discussion)6( )]TJ /TT84 1 Tf 0.0001 Tc 0.0749 Tw -1.775 -1.64 Td (Maps of transition probabilities were generated )Tj 0.0002 Tc 0.0748 Tw 19.61 0 Td [(for the four types of land use change, wher)-7(e)-6( )]TJ 0.0008 Tc 0.1992 Tw -19.61 -1.225 Td [(the learning param)9(eter \()]TJ /TT88 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 12 0 4.1041 12 207.3 423.0203 Tm (")Tj /TT84 1 Tf -0.0003 Tc 0.2011 Tw 12 0 0 12 214.56 423.0203 Tm [(\) was set to 0.2, the m)8(a)-1(xi)-7(m)8(u)]TJ 0.0008 Tc 0.1992 Tw 12.475 0 Td [(m)9( distance to the error \()]TJ /TT87 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 10.585 0 Td (d)Tj 0.0017 Tc 7.98 0 0 7.98 497.22 421.5203 Tm (max)Tj /TT84 1 Tf 0.0024 Tc 0.1976 Tw 12 0 0 12 510.54 423.0203 Tm (\) was )Tj 0 Tc 0.0535 Tw -35.455 -1.15 Td (adjusted to 0.1, and the iteration cycles ra)Tj 0.0544 Tw 17.015 0 Td [(nged from)8( 800 to 1,000. Upon basis of the pruning )]TJ 0.0009 Tc -0.002 Tw -17.015 -1.15 Td [(algor)4(ithm)9(,)1( sets of)4( variab)6(les have b)6(ee)5(n)1( selec)5(t)-1(ed to)6( explain the land use tran)6(sition)6(s \()]TJ /TT85 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 32.825 0 Td (Table 2)Tj /TT84 1 Tf 0.001 Tc 0 Tw 3.195 0 Td (\). )Tj 0 Tc 7.98 0 0 7.98 85.08 385.4003 Tm ( )Tj 0.0012 Tc -0.0057 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 374.3003 Tm [(Tabl)4(e 2 )]TJ 0.0016 Tc -0.0061 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(Sel)4(ect)4(i)4(on of)5( )-6(va)8(ri)4(abl)4(e)2(s det)4(e)2(rm)13(ini)4(n)5(g )-6(l)4(a)2(n)5(d)-1( use)8( )-6(c)8(h)-1(an)5(ge )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw 9 0 0 9 85.08 352.3403 Tm ( )Tj 0.0008 Tc 0.0007 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 340.9403 Tm [(Inde)8(pende)8(n)-2(t V)4(a)2(riables )6(\(N)4(otation\) )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6(N)]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw 7.98 0 0 7.98 324.18 340.9403 Tm (U)Tj 0.003 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 329.94 340.9403 Tm (_R)Tj -0.0017 Tc -0.0002 Tw 7.98 0 0 7.98 341.64 340.9403 Tm [(ES )-7( )-7( )-7( )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 374.88 340.9403 Tm (N)Tj 7.98 0 0 7.98 382.2 340.9403 Tm (U)Tj 0.003 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 387.96 340.9403 Tm (_I)Tj -0.0015 Tc -0.0004 Tw 7.98 0 0 7.98 396.36 340.9403 Tm [(ND )-7( )-7( )-7( )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 431.82 340.9403 Tm (N)Tj 7.98 0 0 7.98 439.08 340.9403 Tm (U)Tj 0.003 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 444.84 340.9403 Tm (_I)Tj -0.0016 Tc -0.0003 Tw 7.98 0 0 7.98 453.24 340.9403 Tm [(NST )-7( )-7( )-7( )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 492.24 340.9403 Tm (N)Tj 7.98 0 0 7.98 499.4999 340.9403 Tm (U)Tj 0.003 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 505.2599 340.9403 Tm (_L)Tj -0.002 Tc 7.98 0 0 7.98 516.4199 340.9403 Tm (EIS)Tj 0 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 528.36 340.9403 Tm ( )Tj 9 0 0 9 85.08 330.5004 Tm ( )Tj -0.0021 Tc 7.02 0 0 7.02 85.08 321.5004 Tm [(Di)-6(st)-6(ances)-6( )9(to)-6( riv)-6(e)-3(r)6(s)-6( \(di)-6(s)2(t)-6(_)2(riv)-6(\))6( )-3496( )-4795( )-4795( )-4795( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )]TJ 53.4359 0 Td [( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )]TJ /TT88 1 Tf 0 Tc 6.4786 0 Td (#)Tj /TT84 1 Tf 0.7692 0 Td ( )Tj 0.0005 Tc -0.0112 Tw -60.6838 -1.2222 Td [(Dis)5(t)-4(ances to )-9(com)9(m)18(er)-8(cia)8(l)-4( )]TJ -0.0026 Tc 0.0005 Tw 10.1111 0 Td [(zon)-7(e)5(s)-7( \(dis)-7(t_)-7(c)5(o)-7(m)15(\))-11( )-2974( )-4795( )-4795( )-4795( )-4795( )-8( )]TJ /TT88 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 33.2137 0 Td (#)Tj /TT84 1 Tf 0.7692 0 Td ( )Tj -0.0024 Tc 0.0003 Tw -44.094 -1.2222 Td [(Di)-7(st)-7(ances)-6( )9(to)-7( s)-6(m)15(al)-7(l)-7(-)-3(sized)-7( )9(i)-7(ndu)-7(st)-7(rial)-7( z)6(o)2(n)-7(e)-3(s)-6( \()6(d)-7(is)-6(t_i)-7(nd)-7(\))6( )-4607( )-4795( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )]TJ /TT88 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 43.4615 0 Td (#)Tj /TT84 1 Tf 0.7692 0 Td ( )Tj -0.0025 Tc 0.0004 Tw -44.2308 -1.2222 Td [(Di)-7(st)-7(ances)-6( )9(to)-7( in)-7(st)-7(itu)-7(tion)-7(al)-7( )9(zon)-7(e)6(s)-6( \(dis)-6(t_)-7(ins)-6(t)-7(\))6( )-3196( )-4795( )-4795( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0 Tw 50.1966 0 Td ( )Tj /TT88 1 Tf 0 Tc 1.2393 0 Td (#)Tj /TT84 1 Tf 0.7692 0 Td ( )Tj -0.0029 Tc 0.0008 Tw -52.2051 -1.2222 Td [(Di)-7(st)-7(ances)-7( )9(to)-7( resid)-7(e)-3(ntial)-7( zo)-7(n)-7(e)5(s)-7( \(d)-7(is)-7(t_)-7(res)-7(\))5( )-4085( )-4795( )-4795( )-8( )-8( )]TJ /TT88 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 35.2308 0 Td (#)Tj /TT84 1 Tf -0.0021 Tc 0.7692 0 Td [( )-8( )-8( )-8( )]TJ /TT88 1 Tf 0 Tc 7.4615 0 Td (#)Tj /TT84 1 Tf -0.0021 Tc 0.7692 0 Td [( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )]TJ /TT88 1 Tf 0 Tc 15.6838 0 Td (#)Tj /TT84 1 Tf 0.7692 0 Td ( )Tj -0.0022 Tc 0.0001 Tw -60.6838 -1.2222 Td [(Di)-6(st)-6(ances)-6( )9(to)-6( l)-6(e)6(i)-6(s)2(u)-6(r)-2(e)6(/)-6(r)6(ecrea)6(t)-6(ion)-6( zon)-6(e)6(s)-6( \(dis)-6(t_l)-6(eis)-6(\))6( )-1094( )-4795( )-4795( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0 Tw 48.9487 0 Td [( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )]TJ /TT88 1 Tf 0 Tc 10.9658 0 Td (#)Tj /TT84 1 Tf -0.0021 Tc 0.7692 0 Td ( )Tj -0.0022 Tc 0.0001 Tw -60.6838 -1.2137 Td [(Di)-6(st)-6(ances)-6( )9(to)-6( m)15(a)-3(i)-6(n)-6( i)-6(nteru)-6(r)6(b)-6(a)6(n)-6( roads)-6( \(int)-6(_rds)-6(\))6( )-2342( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0 Tw 40.6068 0 Td [( )-8( )-8( )]TJ /TT88 1 Tf 0 Tc 2.9915 0 Td (#)Tj /TT84 1 Tf -0.0021 Tc 0.7692 0 Td [( )-8( )-8( )]TJ /TT88 1 Tf 0 Tc 6.9573 0 Td (#)Tj /TT84 1 Tf 3.1346 Tc 0.7607 0 Td [( )-1658( )3137( )]TJ 0.0028 Tc -0.0049 Tw -52.0855 -1.2222 Td [(D)7(i)-1(s)7(t)-1(an)7(ces )9(t)7(o)-1( m)20(a)2(in pa)11(ve)11(d an)7(d n)7(o)7(n)-1(-)11(p)-1(av)7(ed )9(ur)11(ba)11(n an)7(d i)7(n)7(t)-1(er)11(urb)7(a)2(n r)11(o)7(ads \(m)20(ain)7(_)-1(r)11(d)-1(s\))11( )]TJ /TT88 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 35.2991 0 Td (#)Tj /TT84 1 Tf 4.7927 Tc 0.7521 0 Td [( )752( )4795( )]TJ /TT87 1 Tf 0 Tc 7.98 0 0 7.98 85.08 252.4403 Tm ( )Tj /TT84 1 Tf 7.02 0 0 7.02 85.08 244.1603 Tm ( )Tj -0.0001 Tc 0.0401 Tw 12 0 0 12 85.08 231.3803 Tm [(The transition probabilities m)8(a)-1(ps)]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.0389 Tw 13.305 0 Td [( served as)5( inpu)6(ts to)6( the)4( CA sim)8(u)1(lation model \226 DI)4(NAMICA )]TJ 0.0002 Tc -0.0012 Tw -13.305 -1.15 Td (\226 which produced the land use )Tj 0.0004 Tc -0.0004 Tw 12.44 0 Td [(change sim)8(ulations, seen in )]TJ /TT85 1 Tf -0.0001 Tc 0.0001 Tw 11.25 0 Td [(F)6(i)-2(gures 5 \(a\))]TJ /TT87 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 5.385 0 Td (,)Tj /TT84 1 Tf 0.245 0 Td ( )Tj /TT85 1 Tf 0.001 Tc -0.001 Tw 0.25 0 Td [(\(b\), \(c)5(\))]TJ /TT84 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 2.835 0 Td ( and )Tj /TT85 1 Tf 0.0004 Tc 0 Tw 1.94 0 Td (\(d\))Tj /TT84 1 Tf 0 Tc 1.225 0 Td (. )Tj 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 205.6404 Tm ( )Tj 12 0 0 12 85.08 192.3203 Tm ( )Tj 0 -1.15 TD ( )Tj T* ( )Tj T* ( )Tj T* ( )Tj T* ( )Tj /TT87 1 Tf 7.02 0 0 7.02 85.08 114.2003 Tm ( )Tj 0.0015 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 106.1603 Tm [( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )]TJ 0 Tc 7.02 0 0 7.02 182.64 106.1603 Tm ( )Tj 0.0015 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 95.2403 Tm [( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6(a\))11( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )]TJ 32.0239 0 Td [( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )]TJ /TT84 1 Tf 0 Tc 12.2275 0 Td ( )Tj 10.98 0 0 10.98 85.08 82.8803 Tm ( )Tj 0.0016 Tc 0.0238 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 71.1203 Tm [(Fi)4(gu)5(re 5)5(. \(a\) R)10(eal)4( l)4(a)2(nd use i)4(n)-1( )6(Pi)4(raci)4(caba - 1)5(9)5(99;)4( \(b)5(\) Lan)5(d)-1( use si)4(m)13(u)-1(l)4(a)2(ti)4(on 1 \226)5( 19)5(99;)4( \(c)8(\) L)8(a)2(nd )6(use si)4(m)13(u)-1(l)4(a)-4(t)4(i)4(on 2 \226)5( )]TJ -0.0061 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(19)5(9)5(9)-1(;)4( )-6(an)5(d \()5(d)-1(\) Lan)5(d)-1( use )-6(si)4(m)13(u)-1(l)4(a)2(t)4(i)4(on 3 - 19)5(9)5(9)-1(.)]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw 12 0 0 12 260.88 59.6003 Tm ( )Tj ET /GS43 gs q 90 0 0 81.42 211.02 103.4003 cm /Im0 Do Q /CS42 CS 0.004 0.004 0.004 SC 1 w 8 M 0 j 1 J []0 d /GS42 gs 85.02 89.24 108 108 re S /GS43 gs q 90 0 0 86.94 94.02 101.3003 cm /Im1 Do Q /GS42 gs 202.02 89.24 108 108 re 319.02 89.24 108 108 re 436.02 89.24 108 108 re S 0.502 0.502 0.502 SC 5.5 w 10 M 1 j 0 J 210.9 103.82 m 300.9 103.82 l S 3.5 w 210.9 184.82 m 300.9 184.82 l S 1 1 1 SC 4 w 210.9 193.82 m 210.9 94.82 l S 5 w 301.02 193.82 m 301.02 94.82 l S BT /TT87 1 Tf 0.003 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 299.28 93.8604 Tm [(b\))13( )]TJ ET /GS43 gs q 90 0 0 85.74 328.02 99.0804 cm /Im2 Do Q 0.502 0.502 0.502 SC 4 w /GS42 gs 328.02 184.82 m 418.02 184.82 l S 5.5 w 328.02 103.82 m 418.02 103.82 l S 1 1 1 SC 7 w 328.02 193.82 m 328.02 94.82 l S 4.5 w 418.02 193.82 m 418.02 94.82 l S BT /TT87 1 Tf -0.0007 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 416.28 93.8604 Tm (c\))Tj /TT84 1 Tf 0 Tc 12 0 0 12 423.96 93.8604 Tm ( )Tj ET /GS43 gs q 90 0 0 81.42 445.02 103.4003 cm /Im3 Do Q 1 1 1 sc /GS42 gs 328.02 193.82 90 -9 re f 445.02 193.82 90 -9 re f 1.5 w 8 M 0 j 1 J 445.02 184.82 90 9 re S 0.502 0.502 0.502 SC 5.5 w 10 M 1 j 0 J 445.02 103.82 m 535.02 103.82 l S 1 1 1 SC 445.02 193.82 m 445.02 94.82 l S 3.5 w 535.02 193.82 m 535.02 94.82 l S 0 0 0 sc BT /TT87 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0008 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 524.28 93.8604 Tm [( )6(d\))]TJ /TT84 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 12 0 0 12 540.0599 93.8604 Tm ( )Tj ET 2 w 94.02 193.82 m 94.02 94.82 l S 1 1 1 sc 211.02 193.82 90 -9 re f 94.02 193.82 90 -9 re f endstream endobj 335 0 obj 20895 endobj 336 0 obj << /Length 337 0 R >> stream /CS48 cs 0 0 0 sc 1 i /RelativeColorimetric ri /GS44 gs BT /TT89 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0294 Tw 12 0 0 12 103.1542 530.9124 Tm [(The land us)5(e change simulations w)8(e)-1(re accom)8(p)1(lished by tw)8(o types of stochastic tran)6(sition )]TJ -0.0002 Tc 0.2502 Tw -1.775 -1.15 Td [(algorithm)8(s)-1( \226 \223expander\224 and \223patcher\224 \226 wh)]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.2479 Tw 19.315 0 Td (ich operate changes through expansion and )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1232 Tw -19.315 -1.15 Td [(diffusion, respectively. These sim)8(u)1(lations were )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.1244 Tw 19.76 0 Td (validated according to)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1195 Tw 9.145 0 Td [( a )-10(m)8(u)1(ltiple resolution)6( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.1646 Tw -28.905 -1.15 Td [(fitting m)8(e)-1(thod \(Constan)5(za, 1989\), and the va)]TJ 0.1638 Tw 18.875 0 Td [(lu)5(es obtained for windows 3x3, 5x5 and 9x9)5( )]TJ 0.0296 Tw -18.875 -1.15 Td (were 0.862682, 0.864872, and 0.864644, respectively for S1, S2, and S3. \ It is observable that )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1095 Tw 0 -1.15 TD [(the land use transitions com)8(p)1(ly with econom)]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.1105 Tw 18.55 0 Td (ic theories of urban growth and change)Tj /TT90 1 Tf 0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 499.8142 461.9124 Tm (, )Tj /TT89 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 12 0 0 12 506.1742 461.9124 Tm (which )Tj 0.0007 Tc 0.0003 Tw -35.36 -1.15 Td [(m)9(axi)-6(m)9(i)-1(ze consum)9(ers\264 and m)9(arkets\264 utilities in)]TJ 0.001 Tc -0.0017 Tw 18.53 0 Td [( te)5(rm)9(s of real s)5(t)-1(ate p)6(r)-1(ic)5(es a)5(nd access)5(i)-1(bility. )]TJ /TT90 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw -18.53 -2.16 Td (7.)Tj /TT91 1 Tf ( )Tj /TT90 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 1.5 0 Td (Conclusions )Tj /TT89 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0024 Tw -1.5 -1.64 Td (Cities are open and non-linear co)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.0045 Tw 13.27 0 Td [(m)8(p)1(lex system)8(s. ANN though proved )]TJ 0.0009 Tc 0.0007 Tw (to have the cap)Tj 0.0007 Tc -0.0007 Tw 20.94 0 Td (ability to )Tj 0.0002 Tc 0.1298 Tw -34.21 -1.15 Td (model non-linear features and handle well the )Tj 0.0001 Tc 19.49 0 Td [(uncertainties of spatial data. ANN h)-5(a)-1(ve two )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.0185 Tw -19.49 -1.15 Td [(m)8(a)-1(in disadvantages: they are black-box devises and )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0198 Tw 21.115 0 Td [(the user\264s intervention is still decisive for)-7( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.0896 Tw -21.115 -1.15 Td (the results quality. Further studies are needed )Tj 0.0897 Tw 19.025 0 Td (to assess the responsiveness of the simulation )Tj 0.0005 Tc -0.0011 Tw -19.025 -1.15 Td [(outputs in)6( face of changes in the type,)6( structur)]TJ 0.0007 Tc -0.0023 Tw 18.47 0 Td [(e an)6(d internal param)9(ete)]TJ 0.0004 Tc -0.0004 Tw 9.35 0 Td [(rs of the network.)5( )]TJ /TT90 1 Tf 0.0007 Tc 0 Tw -27.82 -2.16 Td [(References)5( )]TJ /TT89 1 Tf -0.0011 Tc 0.0146 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 81.8542 303.5724 Tm [(Batty, M; Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, H.; Eichen)-4(, M. Urban)-4( )6(syste)-6(m)10(s as cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata,)]TJ /TT92 1 Tf -0.0022 Tc 0.0157 Tw 29 0 Td [( E)-8(n)-5(vironm)-5(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plan)-5(n)-5(i)6(ng)-5( B)]TJ /TT89 1 Tf 0.0025 Tc 0.011 Tw 12.7605 0 Td [(,)7( v.)7(2)6(4, )6(p.)13( )]TJ -0.0026 Tc -0.0019 Tw -41.7605 -1.1497 Td [(1)-6(59-)-5(164)-6(, 19)-6(97)-6(. )]TJ -0.0018 Tc 0.0811 Tw 0 -1.6467 TD [(Co)-5(n)-5(s)-2(tan)-5(za, R. )6(Mo)-5(d)-5(e)-1(l goo)-5(dn)-5(ess o)-5(f)-4( fit: a )-6(m)10(u)-5(ltip)-5(le reso)-5(lu)-5(tion p)-5(r)2(o)-5(cedu)-5(r)-4(e, )]TJ /TT92 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0817 Tw 28.9461 0 Td [(Eco)-5(log)-5(ica)-5(l Mod)-5(e)4(llin)-5(g)]TJ /TT89 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.0749 Tw 8.7545 0 Td [(, )-6(v)-4(.)3(47)-4(, p)-4(.)-3( 1)-4(99-)-4(215)-4(,)-9( )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0 Tw -37.7006 -1.1437 Td [(1)-4(989)-4(. )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0.062 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, )6(H. )6(Cellu)-4(lar wo)-4(rl)8(ds: a fram)11(ewo)-4(rk for m)11(o)-4(d)-4(ellin)-4(g micro)-4(-)-3(m)11(acro)-4( )6(d)-4(y)2(n)-4(am)11(i)2(cs, )]TJ /TT92 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0.0641 Tw 33.5569 0 Td [(En)-6(viro)-6(nm)-5(en)-6(ta)-6(l and)-6( Plann)-6(ing)-6( )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw -33.5569 -1.1497 Td (A)Tj /TT89 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw [(, v)-4(.)3(1)-4(7)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 58)-4(5-)-4(596)-4(, 19)-4(85)-4(. )]TJ -0.0005 Tc 0.0559 Tw 0 -1.6467 TD [(Dead)-3(m)11(an)-3(,)-2( P.; )6(Brown, R. )6(D.; )6(Gim)11(b)-3(let)-4(t)2(, P. M)8(o)-3(d)-3(elling)-3( )6(rura)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0575 Tw 23.0838 0 Td [(l resid)-5(e)-1(n)-5(tial settle)-7(m)9(e)-1(n)-5(t p)-5(a)-1(tterns with)-5( cellu)-5(lar au)-5(to)-5(m)9(a)-1(ta,)-10( )]TJ /TT92 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc -0.0006 Tw -23.0838 -1.1497 Td [(Jou)5(r)2(n)5(a)-1(l)5( )6(of)5( Env)9(i)5(ron)5(me)9(n)-1(t)5(a)-1(l)5( M)9(a)5(na)5(ge)9(ment)]TJ /TT89 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 15.7784 0 Td [(, )-6( v)-5(.)-3( 37)-5(, p)-5(.)3( )-6(147)-5(-16)-5(0)1(, 1)-5(993)-5(. )]TJ 0.0017 Tc 0.0357 Tw -15.7784 -1.5449 Td [(Fi)4(sher)5(, M)5(. M)5(.;)10( Ab)5(ra)8(hart)4(, R)4(. J)8(. Ne)8(ur)5(oc)8(om)13(put)4(i)4(ng \226)5( t)4(o)5(ol)4(s f)5(o)-1(r )6(geo)5(g)5(r)-1(ap)5(her)5(s)2(. I)5(n)-1(:)4( O)5(p)-1(en)5(sha)8(w)-1(, )6(S.;)4( A)5(b)-1(ra)8(hart)4(, R)10(. J. \(e)8(ds)8(\))5(,)6( )]TJ /TT92 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(G)-5(e)-2(o)-6(c)4(om)-5(pu)-6(ta)-6(ti)6(o)-6(n)]TJ /TT89 1 Tf -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw 6.6527 0 Td [(, )6(N)-5(e)-2(w Yo)-5(rk)-5(:)6( Taylo)-5(r)-5( )6(& Fr)-5(ancis, ch)-5(ap)-5(.8)-5(, p. )6(1)-5(87-)-5(217)-5(, )6(20)-5(00)-5(. )]TJ -0.0013 Tc 0.0028 Tw -6.6527 -1.5449 Td [(Gong)-4(, P. In)-4(tegrated)-4( an)-4(alysis o)-4(f)-4( sp)-4(atial d)-4(a)-1(ta )-6(fro)-4(m)10( )-6(m)10(u)-10(ltip)]TJ -0.0016 Tc 0.0031 Tw 22.2096 0 Td [(le )-6(so)-5(urces: u)-5(s)-2(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( )6(ev)-5(id)-5(en)-5(tial reaso)-5(n)-5(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( an)-5(d)-5( artificial n)-5(e)-1(u)-5(r)-4(al)7( )]TJ 0.0019 Tc 0.0774 Tw -22.2096 -1.1497 Td [(net)4(w)6(or)6(k t)4(ech)5(ni)10(que)9(s f)6(o)-1(r )6(ge)9(ol)4(o)5(g)-1(i)4(cal)4( m)13(a)3(ppi)4(ng,)6( )]TJ /TT92 1 Tf 0.0012 Tc 0.0722 Tw 18.2455 0 Td [(Ph)4(ot)4(o)4(g)-2(ra)4(m)5(m)-1(e)8(t)4(ri)4(c )-6(Engi)10(neeri)4(ng a)4(nd Rem)5(o)-2(t)10(e)2( )-6(Sen)4(s)1(i)4(n)4(g)]TJ /TT89 1 Tf 0.002 Tc 0.0714 Tw 20.8862 0 Td [(, v. 6)5(2)-1(, p. 51)5(3)5(-)]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.003 Tw -39.1317 -1.1437 Td [(5)-4(2)2(3)-4(,)3( 199)-4(6. )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0.0087 Tw 0 -1.5509 TD [(Li, X.; )6(Yeh)-4(,)-3( )6(A. G. Calibration o)-4(f)3( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata b)-4(y)2( u)-4(s)]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0.0054 Tw 22.6527 0 Td [(i)5(n)-1(g)5( ne)9(ural)5( )6(net)5(w)6(or)6(ks )6(fo)5(r t)5(h)-1(e)9( si)5(m)14(u)-7(l)5(a)3(t)5(i)5(on o)5(f c)9(o)-1(m)14(p)-1(lex )6(ur)6(ban)11( )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0 Tw -22.6527 -1.1437 Td [(syste)-6(m)11(s, )]TJ /TT92 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0063 Tw 3.6587 0 Td [(Envi)4(r)8(o)-1(n)5(m)-1(e)9(n)-1(t)4(a)-1(l)4( an)5(d Pl)4(an)5(ni)4(n)5(g)-1( )-6(A)]TJ /TT89 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 12.4491 0 Td [(, v)-5(.)-3( 3)-5(3)1(, p)-5(.)-3( 14)-5(45-)-4(146)-5(2, 2)-5(001)-5(. )]TJ 0 g ET /GS45 gs BT /T1_22 9 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 1 0 0 1 287.492 28.8 Tm (3704)Tj /CS48 cs 0 0 0 sc ET /GS44 gs BT /TT89 1 Tf 0.0001 Tc 0.2592 Tw 12 0 0 12 78.6283 982.5286 Tm [( )-1266(The output layer, on its turn, has only one)]TJ -0.0001 Tc 20.575 0 Td ( neuron that corresponds to the map of )Tj 0.0301 Tw -20.575 -1.15 Td (transition probabilities for the considered type of)Tj 0.0001 Tc 0.0299 Tw 19.725 0 Td ( land use change. In the training data set, the )Tj -0.0036 Tc 0.0286 Tw -19.725 -1.15 Td [(de)-5(s)-4(i)-6(r)-6(e)-5(d \(t)-6(a)-5(r)-6(ge)-5(t)-6(\))-6( va)-5(l)-6(u)-4(e i)-6(n)]TJ -0.0002 Tc 0.0245 Tw 9.6 0 Td ( the output layer is recorded as 1 fo)Tj 0.001 Tc 0.024 Tw 14.295 0 Td [(r)4( a)5( cell th)6(at un)6(derwent a)5( c)5(h)1(ange in)6( )]TJ 0.0007 Tc 0.0483 Tw -23.895 -1.15 Td [(its land use,)6( and 0 for a cell that suffered no ch)]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0498 Tw 19.275 0 Td (ange. In the extraction of)Tj 0.0007 Tc 0.0468 Tw 10.225 0 Td [( the tr)4(ain)6(i)-1(ng data se)5(t )]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.4488 Tw -29.5 -1.15 Td [(for each n)5(e)-1(twork, large rectang)5(l)3(es were de)]TJ 0.0008 Tc 0.4492 Tw 19.65 0 Td [(lim)9(ited within th)6(e s)5(t)-1(u)6(dy area co)6(ntain)6(i)-1(ng)6( )]TJ 0.001 Tc 0.094 Tw -19.65 -1.15 Td [(repres)5(enta)5(tive sam)9(p)1(les of)4( the exis)5(te)5(nt rang)6(es of)]TJ 0 Tc 0.0937 Tw 19.505 0 Td [( distances \(for the m)8(a)-1(ps)]TJ -0.0005 Tc 0.0955 Tw 9.875 0 Td [( of variables\) and of)8( )]TJ 0.0009 Tc -0.0009 Tw -29.38 -1.15 Td [(land use pe)5(r)4(m)9(anence and change \()4(i)-1(n)6( the cas)5(e of)4( the m)9(aps of)4( land use tr)4(an)6(sition)6(\))-1(. )]TJ 0.0008 Tc 0.1138 Tw 0 -1.15 TD [( )-1410(Diverging a)5(pproaches)5( r)4(u)1(le th)6(e def)4(i)4(nition)6( of)4( the)5( num)9(ber of)4( neurons in)6( the hidden la)5(yer. )]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.0297 Tw 0 -1.15 TD [(According to Kolm)8(ogor)-7(ov\264s theorem)8( \()-7(Y)3(eh and Li, 2003\), if)8( )]TJ /TT92 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 24.4 0 Td (n)Tj /TT89 1 Tf 0.0292 Tw ( is the number of neurons in the )Tj 0.0002 Tc 0.2538 Tw -24.4 -1.15 Td [(input layer, the use of)8( 2)]TJ /TT92 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 10.705 0 Td (n)Tj /TT89 1 Tf -0.0006 Tc 0.2547 Tw ( + 1 neurons can guarantee the )Tj -0.0003 Tc 0.2553 Tw 14.745 0 Td [(perfect fit of any continuous)-6( )]TJ -0.0001 Tc 0.1701 Tw -25.45 -1.15 Td [(functions, and reducing the num)8(ber of neurons )]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.1697 Tw 20.12 0 Td [(m)8(a)-1(y lead to lesser accuracy. On the other )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.001 Tw -20.12 -1.15 Td [(hand, W)9(a)-1(ng states that 2)]TJ /TT92 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 9.8 0 Td (n)Tj /TT89 1 Tf 0.0004 Tc -0.0004 Tw [(/3 hidden neurons can produce results of alm)8(ost sim)8(ilar accuracy but )]TJ 0.0009 Tc 0.0034 Tw -9.8 -1.15 Td [(requires m)9(u)-4(ch less tim)9(e to train \(W)10(ang, 1994 apud )]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.0047 Tw 20.54 0 Td (Yeh and Li, 2003\). In a)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.0045 Tw 9.385 0 Td (ll the four networks )Tj 0.0001 Tc 0.0399 Tw -29.925 -1.15 Td [(of this study, Kol)-7(m)8(ogorov\264s prem)8(is)-6(es have been)]TJ 0.0005 Tc 0.0382 Tw ( observed, and the pred)Tj 0 Tc 0.0375 Tw 29.06 0 Td (iction error decreased )Tj 0.001 Tc 0.339 Tw -29.06 -1.15 Td [(consider)4(ably)6( during)6( the)5( )]TJ -0.0004 Tc 0.3404 Tw 10.71 0 Td (training, as shown in )Tj /TT90 1 Tf 0.0005 Tc 0.337 Tw 9.935 0 Td [(Figure 4)6( \(b\))]TJ /TT89 1 Tf 0.001 Tc 0.339 Tw [(. W)10(ith the ce)5(lls)5( tra)5(n)1(sitio)6(n)6( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.0346 Tw -20.645 -1.15 Td [(probabilities)5( being d)5(e)-1(fin)5(e)-1(d by th)5(e A)8(NN outputs,)5( )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0348 Tw 19.78 0 Td [(global trans)4(ition)5( probab)5(ilities were reckoned )]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.163 Tw -19.78 -1.15 Td (through a cross-tabulation operatio)Tj 0 Tc 0.165 Tw 14.46 0 Td (n between the initial)Tj 0.1637 Tw 8.625 0 Td ( and final land us)Tj -0.0005 Tc 0.1655 Tw 7.54 0 Td [(e m)7(a)-2(ps shown in )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.1896 Tw -30.625 -1.15 Td [(Figure 1. T)6(hese probabilities are 0.1501 for th)]TJ 0 Tc 0.189 Tw 19.745 0 Td (e transition \223nu_res\224, 0.0113 for \223nu_ind\224, )Tj 0.0002 Tc -0.0012 Tw -19.745 -1.15 Td (0.0028 for \223nu_inst\224, and 0.0005 for )Tj 0.0003 Tc -0.0003 Tw 14.855 0 Td (the transition \223nu_leis\224.)Tj 0 Tc 0 Tw 7.02 0 0 7.02 371.2483 734.1286 Tm ( )Tj /TT90 1 Tf 12 0 0 12 78.6283 708.2086 Tm (6.)Tj /TT91 1 Tf ( )Tj /TT90 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 1.775 0 Td [(Results and Discussion)6( )]TJ /TT89 1 Tf 0.0001 Tc 0.0749 Tw -1.775 -1.64 Td (Maps of transition probabilities were generated )Tj 0.0002 Tc 0.0748 Tw 19.61 0 Td [(for the four types of land use change, wher)-7(e)-6( )]TJ 0.0008 Tc 0.1992 Tw -19.61 -1.225 Td [(the learning param)9(eter \()]TJ /TT93 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 12 0 4.1041 12 200.8483 673.8286 Tm (")Tj /TT89 1 Tf -0.0003 Tc 0.2011 Tw 12 0 0 12 208.1083 673.8286 Tm [(\) was set to 0.2, the m)8(a)-1(xi)-7(m)8(u)]TJ 0.0008 Tc 0.1992 Tw 12.475 0 Td [(m)9( distance to the error \()]TJ /TT92 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 10.585 0 Td (d)Tj 0.0017 Tc 7.98 0 0 7.98 490.7683 672.3286 Tm (max)Tj /TT89 1 Tf 0.0024 Tc 0.1976 Tw 12 0 0 12 504.0883 673.8286 Tm (\) was )Tj 0 Tc 0.0535 Tw -35.455 -1.15 Td (adjusted to 0.1, and the iteration cycles ra)Tj 0.0544 Tw 17.015 0 Td [(nged from)8( 800 to 1,000. Upon basis of the pruning )]TJ 0.0009 Tc -0.002 Tw -17.015 -1.15 Td [(algor)4(ithm)9(,)1( sets of)4( variab)6(les have b)6(ee)5(n)1( selec)5(t)-1(ed to)6( explain the land use tran)6(sition)6(s \()]TJ /TT90 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 32.825 0 Td (Table 2)Tj /TT89 1 Tf 0.001 Tc 0 Tw 3.195 0 Td (\). )Tj 0 Tc 7.98 0 0 7.98 78.6283 636.2086 Tm ( )Tj 0.0012 Tc -0.0057 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 78.6283 625.1086 Tm [(Tabl)4(e 2 )]TJ 0.0016 Tc -0.0061 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(Sel)4(ect)4(i)4(on of)5( )-6(va)8(ri)4(abl)4(e)2(s det)4(e)2(rm)13(ini)4(n)5(g )-6(l)4(a)2(n)5(d)-1( use)8( )-6(c)8(h)-1(an)5(ge )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw 9 0 0 9 78.6283 603.1486 Tm ( )Tj 0.0008 Tc 0.0007 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 78.6283 591.7486 Tm [(Inde)8(pende)8(n)-2(t V)4(a)2(riables )6(\(N)4(otation\) )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6(N)]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw 7.98 0 0 7.98 317.7283 591.7486 Tm (U)Tj 0.003 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 323.4883 591.7486 Tm (_R)Tj -0.0017 Tc -0.0002 Tw 7.98 0 0 7.98 335.1883 591.7486 Tm [(ES )-7( )-7( )-7( )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 368.4283 591.7486 Tm (N)Tj 7.98 0 0 7.98 375.7483 591.7486 Tm (U)Tj 0.003 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 381.5083 591.7486 Tm (_I)Tj -0.0015 Tc -0.0004 Tw 7.98 0 0 7.98 389.9083 591.7486 Tm [(ND )-7( )-7( )-7( )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 425.3683 591.7486 Tm (N)Tj 7.98 0 0 7.98 432.6283 591.7486 Tm (U)Tj 0.003 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 438.3883 591.7486 Tm (_I)Tj -0.0016 Tc -0.0003 Tw 7.98 0 0 7.98 446.7883 591.7486 Tm [(NST )-7( )-7( )-7( )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 485.7883 591.7486 Tm (N)Tj 7.98 0 0 7.98 493.0482 591.7486 Tm (U)Tj 0.003 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 498.8082 591.7486 Tm (_L)Tj -0.002 Tc 7.98 0 0 7.98 509.9682 591.7486 Tm (EIS)Tj 0 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 521.9083 591.7486 Tm ( )Tj 9 0 0 9 78.6283 581.3087 Tm ( )Tj -0.0021 Tc 7.02 0 0 7.02 78.6283 572.3087 Tm [(Di)-6(st)-6(ances)-6( )9(to)-6( riv)-6(e)-3(r)6(s)-6( \(di)-6(s)2(t)-6(_)2(riv)-6(\))6( )-3496( )-4795( )-4795( )-4795( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )3( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )]TJ /TT93 1 Tf 0 Tc 59.9145 0 Td (#)Tj /TT89 1 Tf 0.7692 0 Td ( )Tj 0.0005 Tc -0.0112 Tw -60.6838 -1.2222 Td [(Dis)5(t)-4(ances to )-9(com)9(m)18(er)-8(cia)8(l)-4( )]TJ -0.0026 Tc 0.0005 Tw 10.1111 0 Td [(zon)-7(e)5(s)-7( \(dis)-7(t_)-7(c)5(o)-7(m)15(\))-11( )-2974( )-4795( )-4795( )-4795( )-4795( )-8( )]TJ /TT93 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 33.2137 0 Td (#)Tj /TT89 1 Tf 0.7692 0 Td ( )Tj -0.0024 Tc 0.0003 Tw -44.094 -1.2222 Td [(Di)-7(st)-7(ances)-6( )9(to)-7( s)-6(m)15(al)-7(l)-7(-)-3(sized)-7( )9(i)-7(ndu)-7(st)-7(rial)-7( z)6(o)2(n)-7(e)-3(s)-6( \()6(d)-7(is)-6(t_i)-7(nd)-7(\))6( )-4607( )-4795( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )]TJ /TT93 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 43.4615 0 Td (#)Tj /TT89 1 Tf 0.7692 0 Td ( )Tj -0.0025 Tc 0.0004 Tw -44.2308 -1.2222 Td [(Di)-7(st)-7(ances)-6( )9(to)-7( in)-7(st)-7(itu)-7(tion)-7(al)-7( )9(zon)-7(e)6(s)-6( \(dis)-6(t_)-7(ins)-6(t)-7(\))6( )-3196( )-4795( )-4795( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0 Tw 50.1966 0 Td ( )Tj /TT93 1 Tf 0 Tc (#)Tj /TT89 1 Tf 2.0085 0 Td ( )Tj -0.0029 Tc 0.0008 Tw -52.2051 -1.2222 Td [(Di)-7(st)-7(ances)-7( )9(to)-7( resid)-7(e)-3(ntial)-7( zo)-7(n)-7(e)5(s)-7( \(d)-7(is)-7(t_)-7(res)-7(\))5( )-4085( )-4795( )-4795( )-8( )-8( )]TJ /TT93 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 35.2308 0 Td (#)Tj /TT89 1 Tf -0.0021 Tc 0.7692 0 Td [( )-8( )-8( )-8( )]TJ /TT93 1 Tf 0 Tc 7.4615 0 Td (#)Tj /TT89 1 Tf -0.0021 Tc 0.7692 0 Td [( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )]TJ /TT93 1 Tf 0 Tc 15.6838 0 Td (#)Tj /TT89 1 Tf 0.7692 0 Td ( )Tj -0.0022 Tc 0.0001 Tw -60.6838 -1.2222 Td [(Di)-6(st)-6(ances)-6( )9(to)-6( l)-6(e)6(i)-6(s)2(u)-6(r)-2(e)6(/)-6(r)6(ecrea)6(t)-6(ion)-6( zon)-6(e)6(s)-6( \(dis)-6(t_l)-6(eis)-6(\))6( )-1094( )-4795( )-4795( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0 Tw 48.9487 0 Td [( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )]TJ /TT93 1 Tf 0 Tc 10.9658 0 Td (#)Tj /TT89 1 Tf -0.0021 Tc 0.7692 0 Td ( )Tj -0.0022 Tc 0.0001 Tw -60.6838 -1.2137 Td [(Di)-6(st)-6(ances)-6( )9(to)-6( m)15(a)-3(i)-6(n)-6( i)-6(nteru)-6(r)6(b)-6(a)6(n)-6( roads)-6( \(int)-6(_rds)-6(\))6( )-2342( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0 Tw 40.6068 0 Td [( )-8( )-8( )]TJ /TT93 1 Tf 0 Tc (#)Tj /TT89 1 Tf -0.0021 Tc 3.7607 0 Td [( )-8( )-8( )]TJ /TT93 1 Tf 0 Tc 6.9573 0 Td (#)Tj /TT89 1 Tf 3.1346 Tc 0.7607 0 Td [( )-1658( )3137( )]TJ 0.0028 Tc -0.0049 Tw -52.0855 -1.2222 Td [(D)7(i)-1(s)7(t)-1(an)7(ces )9(t)7(o)-1( m)20(a)2(in pa)11(ve)11(d an)7(d n)7(o)7(n)-1(-)11(p)-1(av)7(ed )9(ur)11(ba)11(n an)7(d i)7(n)7(t)-1(er)11(urb)7(a)2(n r)11(o)7(ads \(m)20(ain)7(_)-1(r)11(d)-1(s\))11( )]TJ /TT93 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 35.2991 0 Td (#)Tj /TT89 1 Tf 4.7927 Tc 0.7521 0 Td [( )752( )4795( )]TJ /TT92 1 Tf 0 Tc 7.98 0 0 7.98 78.6283 503.2486 Tm ( )Tj /TT89 1 Tf 7.02 0 0 7.02 78.6283 494.9686 Tm ( )Tj -0.0001 Tc 0.0401 Tw 12 0 0 12 78.6283 482.1886 Tm [(The transition probabilities m)8(a)-1(ps)]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.0389 Tw 13.305 0 Td [( served as)5( inpu)6(ts to)6( the)4( CA sim)8(u)1(lation model \226 DI)4(NAMICA )]TJ 0.0002 Tc -0.0012 Tw -13.305 -1.15 Td (\226 which produced the land use )Tj 0.0004 Tc -0.0004 Tw 12.44 0 Td [(change sim)8(ulations, seen in )]TJ /TT90 1 Tf -0.0001 Tc 0.0001 Tw [(F)6(i)-2(gures 5 \(a\))]TJ /TT92 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 16.635 0 Td (,)Tj /TT89 1 Tf 0.245 0 Td ( )Tj /TT90 1 Tf 0.001 Tc -0.001 Tw [(\(b\), \(c)5(\))]TJ /TT89 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 3.085 0 Td ( and )Tj /TT90 1 Tf 0.0004 Tc 0 Tw 1.94 0 Td (\(d\))Tj /TT89 1 Tf 0 Tc 1.225 0 Td (. )Tj 10.02 0 0 10.02 78.6283 456.4487 Tm ( )Tj 12 0 0 12 78.6283 443.1286 Tm ( )Tj 0 -1.15 TD ( )Tj 0 -1.15 TD ( )Tj 0 -1.15 TD ( )Tj 0 -1.15 TD ( )Tj 0 -1.15 TD ( )Tj /TT92 1 Tf 7.02 0 0 7.02 78.6283 365.0086 Tm ( )Tj 0.0015 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 78.6283 356.9686 Tm [( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )]TJ 0 Tc 7.02 0 0 7.02 176.1883 356.9686 Tm ( )Tj 0.0015 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 78.6283 346.0486 Tm [( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6(a\))11( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )-2( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )]TJ /TT89 1 Tf 0 Tc ( )Tj 10.98 0 0 10.98 78.6283 333.6886 Tm ( )Tj 0.0016 Tc 0.0238 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 78.6283 321.9286 Tm [(Fi)4(gu)5(re 5)5(. \(a\) R)10(eal)4( l)4(a)2(nd use i)4(n)-1( )6(Pi)4(raci)4(caba - 1)5(9)5(99;)4( \(b)5(\) Lan)5(d)-1( use si)4(m)13(u)-1(l)4(a)2(ti)4(on 1 \226)5( 19)5(99;)4( \(c)8(\) L)8(a)2(nd )6(use si)4(m)13(u)-1(l)4(a)-4(t)4(i)4(on 2 \226)5( )]TJ -0.0061 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(19)5(9)5(9)-1(;)4( )-6(an)5(d \()5(d)-1(\) Lan)5(d)-1( use )-6(si)4(m)13(u)-1(l)4(a)2(t)4(i)4(on 3 - 19)5(9)5(9)-1(.)]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw 12 0 0 12 254.4283 310.4086 Tm ( )Tj ET /GS45 gs q 90 0 0 81.42 204.5683 354.2086 cm /Im4 Do Q 1 0 0 1 -6.4517 250.8083 cm /CS48 CS 0.004 0.004 0.004 SC 1 w 8 M 0 j 1 J []0 d /GS44 gs 85.02 89.24 108 108 re S /GS45 gs q 90 0 0 86.94 94.02 101.3003 cm /Im5 Do Q /GS44 gs 202.02 89.24 108 108 re 319.02 89.24 108 108 re 436.02 89.24 108 108 re S 0.502 0.502 0.502 SC 5.5 w 10 M 1 j 0 J 210.9 103.82 m 300.9 103.82 l S 3.5 w 210.9 184.82 m 300.9 184.82 l S 1 1 1 SC 4 w 210.9 193.82 m 210.9 94.82 l S 5 w 301.02 193.82 m 301.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 6.4517 -250.8083 cm BT /TT92 1 Tf 0.003 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 292.8283 344.6687 Tm [(b\))13( )]TJ ET /GS45 gs q 90 0 0 85.74 321.5683 349.8887 cm /Im6 Do Q 1 0 0 1 -6.4517 250.8083 cm 0.502 0.502 0.502 SC 4 w /GS44 gs 328.02 184.82 m 418.02 184.82 l S 5.5 w 328.02 103.82 m 418.02 103.82 l S 1 1 1 SC 7 w 328.02 193.82 m 328.02 94.82 l S 4.5 w 418.02 193.82 m 418.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 6.4517 -250.8083 cm BT /TT92 1 Tf -0.0007 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 409.8283 344.6687 Tm (c\))Tj /TT89 1 Tf 0 Tc 12 0 0 12 417.5083 344.6687 Tm ( )Tj ET /GS45 gs q 90 0 0 81.42 438.5683 354.2086 cm /Im7 Do Q 1 0 0 1 -6.4517 250.8083 cm 1 1 1 sc /GS44 gs 328.02 193.82 90 -9 re f 445.02 193.82 90 -9 re f 1.5 w 8 M 0 j 1 J 445.02 184.82 90 9 re S 0.502 0.502 0.502 SC 5.5 w 10 M 1 j 0 J 445.02 103.82 m 535.02 103.82 l S 1 1 1 SC 445.02 193.82 m 445.02 94.82 l S 3.5 w 535.02 193.82 m 535.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 6.4517 -250.8083 cm 0 0 0 sc BT /TT92 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0008 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 517.8283 344.6687 Tm [( )6(d\))]TJ /TT89 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 12 0 0 12 533.6082 344.6687 Tm ( )Tj ET 1 0 0 1 -6.4517 250.8083 cm 2 w 94.02 193.82 m 94.02 94.82 l S 1 1 1 sc 211.02 193.82 90 -9 re f 94.02 193.82 90 -9 re f endstream endobj 337 0 obj 21088 endobj 338 0 obj << /Length 339 0 R >> stream /CS54 cs 0 0 0 sc 1 i /RelativeColorimetric ri /GS46 gs BT /TT94 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0294 Tw 12 0 0 12 103.1542 530.9124 Tm [(The land us)5(e change simulations w)8(e)-1(re accom)8(p)1(lished by tw)8(o types of stochastic tran)6(sition )]TJ -0.0002 Tc 0.2502 Tw -1.775 -1.15 Td [(algorithm)8(s)-1( \226 \223expander\224 and \223patcher\224 \226 wh)]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.2479 Tw 19.315 0 Td (ich operate changes through expansion and )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1232 Tw -19.315 -1.15 Td [(diffusion, respectively. These sim)8(u)1(lations were )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.1244 Tw 19.76 0 Td (validated according to)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1195 Tw 9.145 0 Td [( a )-10(m)8(u)1(ltiple resolution)6( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.1646 Tw -28.905 -1.15 Td [(fitting m)8(e)-1(thod \(Constan)5(za, 1989\), and the va)]TJ 0.1638 Tw 18.875 0 Td [(lu)5(es obtained for windows 3x3, 5x5 and 9x9)5( )]TJ 0.0296 Tw -18.875 -1.15 Td (were 0.862682, 0.864872, and 0.864644, respectively for S1, S2, and S3. \ It is observable that )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1095 Tw 0 -1.15 TD [(the land use transitions com)8(p)1(ly with econom)]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.1105 Tw 18.55 0 Td (ic theories of urban growth and change)Tj /TT95 1 Tf 0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 499.8142 461.9124 Tm (, )Tj /TT94 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 12 0 0 12 506.1742 461.9124 Tm (which )Tj 0.0007 Tc 0.0003 Tw -35.36 -1.15 Td [(m)9(axi)-6(m)9(i)-1(ze consum)9(ers\264 and m)9(arkets\264 utilities in)]TJ 0.001 Tc -0.0017 Tw 18.53 0 Td [( te)5(rm)9(s of real s)5(t)-1(ate p)6(r)-1(ic)5(es a)5(nd access)5(i)-1(bility. )]TJ /TT95 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw -18.53 -2.16 Td (7.)Tj /TT96 1 Tf ( )Tj /TT95 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 1.5 0 Td (Conclusions )Tj /TT94 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0024 Tw -1.5 -1.64 Td (Cities are open and non-linear co)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.0045 Tw 13.27 0 Td [(m)8(p)1(lex system)8(s. ANN though proved )]TJ 0.0009 Tc 0.0007 Tw (to have the cap)Tj 0.0007 Tc -0.0007 Tw 20.94 0 Td (ability to )Tj 0.0002 Tc 0.1298 Tw -34.21 -1.15 Td (model non-linear features and handle well the )Tj 0.0001 Tc 19.49 0 Td [(uncertainties of spatial data. ANN h)-5(a)-1(ve two )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.0185 Tw -19.49 -1.15 Td [(m)8(a)-1(in disadvantages: they are black-box devises and )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0198 Tw 21.115 0 Td [(the user\264s intervention is still decisive for)-7( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.0896 Tw -21.115 -1.15 Td (the results quality. Further studies are needed )Tj 0.0897 Tw 19.025 0 Td (to assess the responsiveness of the simulation )Tj 0.0005 Tc -0.0011 Tw -19.025 -1.15 Td [(outputs in)6( face of changes in the type,)6( structur)]TJ 0.0007 Tc -0.0023 Tw 18.47 0 Td [(e an)6(d internal param)9(ete)]TJ 0.0004 Tc -0.0004 Tw 9.35 0 Td [(rs of the network.)5( )]TJ /TT95 1 Tf 0.0007 Tc 0 Tw -27.82 -2.16 Td [(References)5( )]TJ /TT94 1 Tf -0.0011 Tc 0.0146 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 81.8542 303.5724 Tm [(Batty, M; Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, H.; Eichen)-4(, M. Urban)-4( )6(syste)-6(m)10(s as cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata,)]TJ /TT97 1 Tf -0.0022 Tc 0.0157 Tw 29 0 Td [( E)-8(n)-5(vironm)-5(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plan)-5(n)-5(i)6(ng)-5( B)]TJ /TT94 1 Tf 0.0025 Tc 0.011 Tw 12.7605 0 Td [(,)7( v.)7(2)6(4, )6(p.)13( )]TJ -0.0026 Tc -0.0019 Tw -41.7605 -1.1497 Td [(1)-6(59-)-5(164)-6(, 19)-6(97)-6(. )]TJ -0.0018 Tc 0.0811 Tw 0 -1.6467 TD [(Co)-5(n)-5(s)-2(tan)-5(za, R. )6(Mo)-5(d)-5(e)-1(l goo)-5(dn)-5(ess o)-5(f)-4( fit: a )-6(m)10(u)-5(ltip)-5(le reso)-5(lu)-5(tion p)-5(r)2(o)-5(cedu)-5(r)-4(e, )]TJ /TT97 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0817 Tw 28.9461 0 Td [(Eco)-5(log)-5(ica)-5(l Mod)-5(e)4(llin)-5(g)]TJ /TT94 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.0749 Tw 8.7545 0 Td [(, )-6(v)-4(.)3(47)-4(, p)-4(.)-3( 1)-4(99-)-4(215)-4(,)-9( )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0 Tw -37.7006 -1.1437 Td [(1)-4(989)-4(. )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0.062 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, )6(H. )6(Cellu)-4(lar wo)-4(rl)8(ds: a fram)11(ewo)-4(rk for m)11(o)-4(d)-4(ellin)-4(g micro)-4(-)-3(m)11(acro)-4( )6(d)-4(y)2(n)-4(am)11(i)2(cs, )]TJ /TT97 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0.0641 Tw 33.5569 0 Td [(En)-6(viro)-6(nm)-5(en)-6(ta)-6(l and)-6( Plann)-6(ing)-6( )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw -33.5569 -1.1497 Td (A)Tj /TT94 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw [(, v)-4(.)3(1)-4(7)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 58)-4(5-)-4(596)-4(, 19)-4(85)-4(. )]TJ -0.0005 Tc 0.0559 Tw 0 -1.6467 TD [(Dead)-3(m)11(an)-3(,)-2( P.; )6(Brown, R. )6(D.; )6(Gim)11(b)-3(let)-4(t)2(, P. M)8(o)-3(d)-3(elling)-3( )6(rura)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0575 Tw 23.0838 0 Td [(l resid)-5(e)-1(n)-5(tial settle)-7(m)9(e)-1(n)-5(t p)-5(a)-1(tterns with)-5( cellu)-5(lar au)-5(to)-5(m)9(a)-1(ta,)-10( )]TJ /TT97 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc -0.0006 Tw -23.0838 -1.1497 Td [(Jou)5(r)2(n)5(a)-1(l)5( )6(of)5( Env)9(i)5(ron)5(me)9(n)-1(t)5(a)-1(l)5( M)9(a)5(na)5(ge)9(ment)]TJ /TT94 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 15.7784 0 Td [(, )-6( v)-5(.)-3( 37)-5(, p)-5(.)3( )-6(147)-5(-16)-5(0)1(, 1)-5(993)-5(. )]TJ 0.0017 Tc 0.0357 Tw -15.7784 -1.5449 Td [(Fi)4(sher)5(, M)5(. M)5(.;)10( Ab)5(ra)8(hart)4(, R)4(. J)8(. Ne)8(ur)5(oc)8(om)13(put)4(i)4(ng \226)5( t)4(o)5(ol)4(s f)5(o)-1(r )6(geo)5(g)5(r)-1(ap)5(her)5(s)2(. I)5(n)-1(:)4( O)5(p)-1(en)5(sha)8(w)-1(, )6(S.;)4( A)5(b)-1(ra)8(hart)4(, R)10(. J. \(e)8(ds)8(\))5(,)6( )]TJ /TT97 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(G)-5(e)-2(o)-6(c)4(om)-5(pu)-6(ta)-6(ti)6(o)-6(n)]TJ /TT94 1 Tf -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw 6.6527 0 Td [(, )6(N)-5(e)-2(w Yo)-5(rk)-5(:)6( Taylo)-5(r)-5( )6(& Fr)-5(ancis, ch)-5(ap)-5(.8)-5(, p. )6(1)-5(87-)-5(217)-5(, )6(20)-5(00)-5(. )]TJ -0.0013 Tc 0.0028 Tw -6.6527 -1.5449 Td [(Gong)-4(, P. In)-4(tegrated)-4( an)-4(alysis o)-4(f)-4( sp)-4(atial d)-4(a)-1(ta )-6(fro)-4(m)10( )-6(m)10(u)-10(ltip)]TJ -0.0016 Tc 0.0031 Tw 22.2096 0 Td [(le )-6(so)-5(urces: u)-5(s)-2(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( )6(ev)-5(id)-5(en)-5(tial reaso)-5(n)-5(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( an)-5(d)-5( artificial n)-5(e)-1(u)-5(r)-4(al)7( )]TJ 0.0019 Tc 0.0774 Tw -22.2096 -1.1497 Td [(net)4(w)6(or)6(k t)4(ech)5(ni)10(que)9(s f)6(o)-1(r )6(ge)9(ol)4(o)5(g)-1(i)4(cal)4( m)13(a)3(ppi)4(ng,)6( )]TJ /TT97 1 Tf 0.0012 Tc 0.0722 Tw 18.2455 0 Td [(Ph)4(ot)4(o)4(g)-2(ra)4(m)5(m)-1(e)8(t)4(ri)4(c )-6(Engi)10(neeri)4(ng a)4(nd Rem)5(o)-2(t)10(e)2( )-6(Sen)4(s)1(i)4(n)4(g)]TJ /TT94 1 Tf 0.002 Tc 0.0714 Tw 20.8862 0 Td [(, v. 6)5(2)-1(, p. 51)5(3)5(-)]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.003 Tw -39.1317 -1.1437 Td [(5)-4(2)2(3)-4(,)3( 199)-4(6. )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0.0087 Tw 0 -1.5509 TD [(Li, X.; )6(Yeh)-4(,)-3( )6(A. G. Calibration o)-4(f)3( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata b)-4(y)2( u)-4(s)]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0.0054 Tw 22.6527 0 Td [(i)5(n)-1(g)5( ne)9(ural)5( )6(net)5(w)6(or)6(ks )6(fo)5(r t)5(h)-1(e)9( si)5(m)14(u)-7(l)5(a)3(t)5(i)5(on o)5(f c)9(o)-1(m)14(p)-1(lex )6(ur)6(ban)11( )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0 Tw -22.6527 -1.1437 Td [(syste)-6(m)11(s, )]TJ /TT97 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0063 Tw 3.6587 0 Td [(Envi)4(r)8(o)-1(n)5(m)-1(e)9(n)-1(t)4(a)-1(l)4( an)5(d Pl)4(an)5(ni)4(n)5(g)-1( )-6(A)]TJ /TT94 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 12.4491 0 Td [(, v)-5(.)-3( 3)-5(3)1(, p)-5(.)-3( 14)-5(45-)-4(146)-5(2, 2)-5(001)-5(. )]TJ 0 g ET /GS47 gs BT /T1_23 9 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 1 0 0 1 287.492 28.8 Tm (3704)Tj ET endstream endobj 339 0 obj 6836 endobj 340 0 obj << /Length 341 0 R >> stream /CS56 cs 0 0 0 sc 1 i /RelativeColorimetric ri /GS48 gs BT /TT98 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0294 Tw 12 0 0 12 103.1542 530.9124 Tm [(The land us)5(e change simulations w)8(e)-1(re accom)8(p)1(lished by tw)8(o types of stochastic tran)6(sition )]TJ -0.0002 Tc 0.2502 Tw -1.775 -1.15 Td [(algorithm)8(s)-1( \226 \223expander\224 and \223patcher\224 \226 wh)]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.2479 Tw 19.315 0 Td (ich operate changes through expansion and )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1232 Tw -19.315 -1.15 Td [(diffusion, respectively. These sim)8(u)1(lations were )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.1244 Tw 19.76 0 Td (validated according to)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1195 Tw 9.145 0 Td [( a )-10(m)8(u)1(ltiple resolution)6( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.1646 Tw -28.905 -1.15 Td [(fitting m)8(e)-1(thod \(Constan)5(za, 1989\), and the va)]TJ 0.1638 Tw 18.875 0 Td [(lu)5(es obtained for windows 3x3, 5x5 and 9x9)5( )]TJ 0.0296 Tw -18.875 -1.15 Td (were 0.862682, 0.864872, and 0.864644, respectively for S1, S2, and S3. \ It is observable that )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1095 Tw 0 -1.15 TD [(the land use transitions com)8(p)1(ly with econom)]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.1105 Tw 18.55 0 Td (ic theories of urban growth and change)Tj /TT99 1 Tf 0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 499.8142 461.9124 Tm (, )Tj /TT98 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 12 0 0 12 506.1742 461.9124 Tm (which )Tj 0.0007 Tc 0.0003 Tw -35.36 -1.15 Td [(m)9(axi)-6(m)9(i)-1(ze consum)9(ers\264 and m)9(arkets\264 utilities in)]TJ 0.001 Tc -0.0017 Tw 18.53 0 Td [( te)5(rm)9(s of real s)5(t)-1(ate p)6(r)-1(ic)5(es a)5(nd access)5(i)-1(bility. )]TJ /TT99 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw -18.53 -2.16 Td (7.)Tj /TT100 1 Tf ( )Tj /TT99 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 1.5 0 Td (Conclusions )Tj /TT98 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0024 Tw -1.5 -1.64 Td (Cities are open and non-linear co)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.0045 Tw 13.27 0 Td [(m)8(p)1(lex system)8(s. ANN though proved )]TJ 0.0009 Tc 0.0007 Tw (to have the cap)Tj 0.0007 Tc -0.0007 Tw 20.94 0 Td (ability to )Tj 0.0002 Tc 0.1298 Tw -34.21 -1.15 Td (model non-linear features and handle well the )Tj 0.0001 Tc 19.49 0 Td [(uncertainties of spatial data. ANN h)-5(a)-1(ve two )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.0185 Tw -19.49 -1.15 Td [(m)8(a)-1(in disadvantages: they are black-box devises and )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0198 Tw 21.115 0 Td [(the user\264s intervention is still decisive for)-7( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.0896 Tw -21.115 -1.15 Td (the results quality. Further studies are needed )Tj 0.0897 Tw 19.025 0 Td (to assess the responsiveness of the simulation )Tj 0.0005 Tc -0.0011 Tw -19.025 -1.15 Td [(outputs in)6( face of changes in the type,)6( structur)]TJ 0.0007 Tc -0.0023 Tw 18.47 0 Td [(e an)6(d internal param)9(ete)]TJ 0.0004 Tc -0.0004 Tw 9.35 0 Td [(rs of the network.)5( )]TJ /TT99 1 Tf 0.0007 Tc 0 Tw -27.82 -2.16 Td [(References)5( )]TJ /TT98 1 Tf -0.0011 Tc 0.0146 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 81.8542 303.5724 Tm [(Batty, M; Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, H.; Eichen)-4(, M. Urban)-4( )6(syste)-6(m)10(s as cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata,)]TJ /TT101 1 Tf -0.0022 Tc 0.0157 Tw 29 0 Td [( E)-8(n)-5(vironm)-5(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plan)-5(n)-5(i)6(ng)-5( B)]TJ /TT98 1 Tf 0.0025 Tc 0.011 Tw 12.7605 0 Td [(,)7( v.)7(2)6(4, )6(p.)13( )]TJ -0.0026 Tc -0.0019 Tw -41.7605 -1.1497 Td [(1)-6(59-)-5(164)-6(, 19)-6(97)-6(. )]TJ -0.0018 Tc 0.0811 Tw 0 -1.6467 TD [(Co)-5(n)-5(s)-2(tan)-5(za, R. )6(Mo)-5(d)-5(e)-1(l goo)-5(dn)-5(ess o)-5(f)-4( fit: a )-6(m)10(u)-5(ltip)-5(le reso)-5(lu)-5(tion p)-5(r)2(o)-5(cedu)-5(r)-4(e, )]TJ /TT101 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0817 Tw 28.9461 0 Td [(Eco)-5(log)-5(ica)-5(l Mod)-5(e)4(llin)-5(g)]TJ /TT98 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.0749 Tw 8.7545 0 Td [(, )-6(v)-4(.)3(47)-4(, p)-4(.)-3( 1)-4(99-)-4(215)-4(,)-9( )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0 Tw -37.7006 -1.1437 Td [(1)-4(989)-4(. )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0.062 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, )6(H. )6(Cellu)-4(lar wo)-4(rl)8(ds: a fram)11(ewo)-4(rk for m)11(o)-4(d)-4(ellin)-4(g micro)-4(-)-3(m)11(acro)-4( )6(d)-4(y)2(n)-4(am)11(i)2(cs, )]TJ /TT101 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0.0641 Tw 33.5569 0 Td [(En)-6(viro)-6(nm)-5(en)-6(ta)-6(l and)-6( Plann)-6(ing)-6( )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw -33.5569 -1.1497 Td (A)Tj /TT98 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw [(, v)-4(.)3(1)-4(7)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 58)-4(5-)-4(596)-4(, 19)-4(85)-4(. )]TJ -0.0005 Tc 0.0559 Tw 0 -1.6467 TD [(Dead)-3(m)11(an)-3(,)-2( P.; )6(Brown, R. )6(D.; )6(Gim)11(b)-3(let)-4(t)2(, P. M)8(o)-3(d)-3(elling)-3( )6(rura)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0575 Tw 23.0838 0 Td [(l resid)-5(e)-1(n)-5(tial settle)-7(m)9(e)-1(n)-5(t p)-5(a)-1(tterns with)-5( cellu)-5(lar au)-5(to)-5(m)9(a)-1(ta,)-10( )]TJ /TT101 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc -0.0006 Tw -23.0838 -1.1497 Td [(Jou)5(r)2(n)5(a)-1(l)5( )6(of)5( Env)9(i)5(ron)5(me)9(n)-1(t)5(a)-1(l)5( M)9(a)5(na)5(ge)9(ment)]TJ /TT98 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 15.7784 0 Td [(, )-6( v)-5(.)-3( 37)-5(, p)-5(.)3( )-6(147)-5(-16)-5(0)1(, 1)-5(993)-5(. )]TJ 0.0017 Tc 0.0357 Tw -15.7784 -1.5449 Td [(Fi)4(sher)5(, M)5(. M)5(.;)10( Ab)5(ra)8(hart)4(, R)4(. J)8(. Ne)8(ur)5(oc)8(om)13(put)4(i)4(ng \226)5( t)4(o)5(ol)4(s f)5(o)-1(r )6(geo)5(g)5(r)-1(ap)5(her)5(s)2(. I)5(n)-1(:)4( O)5(p)-1(en)5(sha)8(w)-1(, )6(S.;)4( A)5(b)-1(ra)8(hart)4(, R)10(. J. \(e)8(ds)8(\))5(,)6( )]TJ /TT101 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(G)-5(e)-2(o)-6(c)4(om)-5(pu)-6(ta)-6(ti)6(o)-6(n)]TJ /TT98 1 Tf -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw 6.6527 0 Td [(, )6(N)-5(e)-2(w Yo)-5(rk)-5(:)6( Taylo)-5(r)-5( )6(& Fr)-5(ancis, ch)-5(ap)-5(.8)-5(, p. )6(1)-5(87-)-5(217)-5(, )6(20)-5(00)-5(. )]TJ -0.0013 Tc 0.0028 Tw -6.6527 -1.5449 Td [(Gong)-4(, P. In)-4(tegrated)-4( an)-4(alysis o)-4(f)-4( sp)-4(atial d)-4(a)-1(ta )-6(fro)-4(m)10( )-6(m)10(u)-10(ltip)]TJ -0.0016 Tc 0.0031 Tw 22.2096 0 Td [(le )-6(so)-5(urces: u)-5(s)-2(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( )6(ev)-5(id)-5(en)-5(tial reaso)-5(n)-5(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( an)-5(d)-5( artificial n)-5(e)-1(u)-5(r)-4(al)7( )]TJ 0.0019 Tc 0.0774 Tw -22.2096 -1.1497 Td [(net)4(w)6(or)6(k t)4(ech)5(ni)10(que)9(s f)6(o)-1(r )6(ge)9(ol)4(o)5(g)-1(i)4(cal)4( m)13(a)3(ppi)4(ng,)6( )]TJ /TT101 1 Tf 0.0012 Tc 0.0722 Tw 18.2455 0 Td [(Ph)4(ot)4(o)4(g)-2(ra)4(m)5(m)-1(e)8(t)4(ri)4(c )-6(Engi)10(neeri)4(ng a)4(nd Rem)5(o)-2(t)10(e)2( )-6(Sen)4(s)1(i)4(n)4(g)]TJ /TT98 1 Tf 0.002 Tc 0.0714 Tw 20.8862 0 Td [(, v. 6)5(2)-1(, p. 51)5(3)5(-)]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.003 Tw -39.1317 -1.1437 Td [(5)-4(2)2(3)-4(,)3( 199)-4(6. )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0.0087 Tw 0 -1.5509 TD [(Li, X.; )6(Yeh)-4(,)-3( )6(A. G. Calibration o)-4(f)3( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata b)-4(y)2( u)-4(s)]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0.0054 Tw 22.6527 0 Td [(i)5(n)-1(g)5( ne)9(ural)5( )6(net)5(w)6(or)6(ks )6(fo)5(r t)5(h)-1(e)9( si)5(m)14(u)-7(l)5(a)3(t)5(i)5(on o)5(f c)9(o)-1(m)14(p)-1(lex )6(ur)6(ban)11( )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0 Tw -22.6527 -1.1437 Td [(syste)-6(m)11(s, )]TJ /TT101 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0063 Tw 3.6587 0 Td [(Envi)4(r)8(o)-1(n)5(m)-1(e)9(n)-1(t)4(a)-1(l)4( an)5(d Pl)4(an)5(ni)4(n)5(g)-1( )-6(A)]TJ /TT98 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 12.4491 0 Td [(, v)-5(.)-3( 3)-5(3)1(, p)-5(.)-3( 14)-5(45-)-4(146)-5(2, 2)-5(001)-5(. )]TJ 0 g ET /GS49 gs BT /T1_24 9 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 1 0 0 1 287.492 28.8 Tm (3704)Tj ET q 90 0 0 81.42 211.02 103.4003 cm /Im8 Do Q /CS56 CS 0.004 0.004 0.004 SC 1 w 8 M 0 j 1 J []0 d /GS48 gs 85.02 89.24 108 108 re S /GS49 gs q 90 0 0 86.94 94.02 101.3003 cm /Im9 Do Q /GS48 gs 202.02 89.24 108 108 re 319.02 89.24 108 108 re 436.02 89.24 108 108 re S 0.502 0.502 0.502 SC 5.5 w 10 M 1 j 0 J 210.9 103.82 m 300.9 103.82 l S 1 1 1 SC 4 w 210.9 193.82 m 210.9 94.82 l S 5 w 301.02 193.82 m 301.02 94.82 l S /CS56 cs 0 0 0 sc BT /TT101 1 Tf 0.003 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 299.28 93.8604 Tm [(b\))13( )]TJ ET /GS49 gs q 90 0 0 85.74 328.02 99.0804 cm /Im10 Do Q 0.502 0.502 0.502 SC 5.5 w /GS48 gs 328.02 103.82 m 418.02 103.82 l S 1 1 1 SC 7 w 328.02 193.82 m 328.02 94.82 l S 4.5 w 418.02 193.82 m 418.02 94.82 l S BT /TT101 1 Tf -0.0007 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 416.28 93.8604 Tm (c\))Tj /TT98 1 Tf 0 Tc 12 0 0 12 423.96 93.8604 Tm ( )Tj ET /GS49 gs q 90 0 0 81.42 445.02 103.4003 cm /Im11 Do Q 0.502 0.502 0.502 SC 5.5 w /GS48 gs 445.02 103.82 m 535.02 103.82 l S 1 1 1 SC 445.02 193.82 m 445.02 94.82 l S 3.5 w 535.02 193.82 m 535.02 94.82 l S BT /TT101 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0008 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 524.28 93.8604 Tm [( )6(d\))]TJ /TT98 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 12 0 0 12 540.0599 93.8604 Tm ( )Tj ET 2 w 94.02 193.82 m 94.02 94.82 l S endstream endobj 341 0 obj 8081 endobj 342 0 obj << /Length 343 0 R >> stream /CS62 cs 0 0 0 sc 1 i /RelativeColorimetric ri /GS50 gs BT /TT102 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0294 Tw 12 0 0 12 103.1542 530.9124 Tm [(The land us)5(e change simulations w)8(e)-1(re accom)8(p)1(lished by tw)8(o types of stochastic tran)6(sition )]TJ -0.0002 Tc 0.2502 Tw -1.775 -1.15 Td [(algorithm)8(s)-1( \226 \223expander\224 and \223patcher\224 \226 wh)]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.2479 Tw 19.315 0 Td (ich operate changes through expansion and )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1232 Tw -19.315 -1.15 Td [(diffusion, respectively. These sim)8(u)1(lations were )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.1244 Tw 19.76 0 Td (validated according to)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1195 Tw 9.145 0 Td [( a )-10(m)8(u)1(ltiple resolution)6( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.1646 Tw -28.905 -1.15 Td [(fitting m)8(e)-1(thod \(Constan)5(za, 1989\), and the va)]TJ 0.1638 Tw 18.875 0 Td [(lu)5(es obtained for windows 3x3, 5x5 and 9x9)5( )]TJ 0.0296 Tw -18.875 -1.15 Td (were 0.862682, 0.864872, and 0.864644, respectively for S1, S2, and S3. \ It is observable that )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1095 Tw 0 -1.15 TD [(the land use transitions com)8(p)1(ly with econom)]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.1105 Tw 18.55 0 Td (ic theories of urban growth and change)Tj /TT103 1 Tf 0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 499.8142 461.9124 Tm (, )Tj /TT102 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 12 0 0 12 506.1742 461.9124 Tm (which )Tj 0.0007 Tc 0.0003 Tw -35.36 -1.15 Td [(m)9(axi)-6(m)9(i)-1(ze consum)9(ers\264 and m)9(arkets\264 utilities in)]TJ 0.001 Tc -0.0017 Tw 18.53 0 Td [( te)5(rm)9(s of real s)5(t)-1(ate p)6(r)-1(ic)5(es a)5(nd access)5(i)-1(bility. )]TJ /TT103 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw -18.53 -2.16 Td (7.)Tj /TT104 1 Tf ( )Tj /TT103 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 1.5 0 Td (Conclusions )Tj /TT102 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0024 Tw -1.5 -1.64 Td (Cities are open and non-linear co)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.0045 Tw 13.27 0 Td [(m)8(p)1(lex system)8(s. ANN though proved )]TJ 0.0009 Tc 0.0007 Tw (to have the cap)Tj 0.0007 Tc -0.0007 Tw 20.94 0 Td (ability to )Tj 0.0002 Tc 0.1298 Tw -34.21 -1.15 Td (model non-linear features and handle well the )Tj 0.0001 Tc 19.49 0 Td [(uncertainties of spatial data. ANN h)-5(a)-1(ve two )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.0185 Tw -19.49 -1.15 Td [(m)8(a)-1(in disadvantages: they are black-box devises and )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0198 Tw 21.115 0 Td [(the user\264s intervention is still decisive for)-7( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.0896 Tw -21.115 -1.15 Td (the results quality. Further studies are needed )Tj 0.0897 Tw 19.025 0 Td (to assess the responsiveness of the simulation )Tj 0.0005 Tc -0.0011 Tw -19.025 -1.15 Td [(outputs in)6( face of changes in the type,)6( structur)]TJ 0.0007 Tc -0.0023 Tw 18.47 0 Td [(e an)6(d internal param)9(ete)]TJ 0.0004 Tc -0.0004 Tw 9.35 0 Td [(rs of the network.)5( )]TJ /TT103 1 Tf 0.0007 Tc 0 Tw -27.82 -2.16 Td [(References)5( )]TJ /TT102 1 Tf -0.0011 Tc 0.0146 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 81.8542 303.5724 Tm [(Batty, M; Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, H.; Eichen)-4(, M. Urban)-4( )6(syste)-6(m)10(s as cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata,)]TJ /TT105 1 Tf -0.0022 Tc 0.0157 Tw 29 0 Td [( E)-8(n)-5(vironm)-5(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plan)-5(n)-5(i)6(ng)-5( B)]TJ /TT102 1 Tf 0.0025 Tc 0.011 Tw 12.7605 0 Td [(,)7( v.)7(2)6(4, )6(p.)13( )]TJ -0.0026 Tc -0.0019 Tw -41.7605 -1.1497 Td [(1)-6(59-)-5(164)-6(, 19)-6(97)-6(. )]TJ -0.0018 Tc 0.0811 Tw 0 -1.6467 TD [(Co)-5(n)-5(s)-2(tan)-5(za, R. )6(Mo)-5(d)-5(e)-1(l goo)-5(dn)-5(ess o)-5(f)-4( fit: a )-6(m)10(u)-5(ltip)-5(le reso)-5(lu)-5(tion p)-5(r)2(o)-5(cedu)-5(r)-4(e, )]TJ /TT105 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0817 Tw 28.9461 0 Td [(Eco)-5(log)-5(ica)-5(l Mod)-5(e)4(llin)-5(g)]TJ /TT102 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.0749 Tw 8.7545 0 Td [(, )-6(v)-4(.)3(47)-4(, p)-4(.)-3( 1)-4(99-)-4(215)-4(,)-9( )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0 Tw -37.7006 -1.1437 Td [(1)-4(989)-4(. )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0.062 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, )6(H. )6(Cellu)-4(lar wo)-4(rl)8(ds: a fram)11(ewo)-4(rk for m)11(o)-4(d)-4(ellin)-4(g micro)-4(-)-3(m)11(acro)-4( )6(d)-4(y)2(n)-4(am)11(i)2(cs, )]TJ /TT105 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0.0641 Tw 33.5569 0 Td [(En)-6(viro)-6(nm)-5(en)-6(ta)-6(l and)-6( Plann)-6(ing)-6( )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw -33.5569 -1.1497 Td (A)Tj /TT102 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw [(, v)-4(.)3(1)-4(7)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 58)-4(5-)-4(596)-4(, 19)-4(85)-4(. )]TJ -0.0005 Tc 0.0559 Tw 0 -1.6467 TD [(Dead)-3(m)11(an)-3(,)-2( P.; )6(Brown, R. )6(D.; )6(Gim)11(b)-3(let)-4(t)2(, P. M)8(o)-3(d)-3(elling)-3( )6(rura)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0575 Tw 23.0838 0 Td [(l resid)-5(e)-1(n)-5(tial settle)-7(m)9(e)-1(n)-5(t p)-5(a)-1(tterns with)-5( cellu)-5(lar au)-5(to)-5(m)9(a)-1(ta,)-10( )]TJ /TT105 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc -0.0006 Tw -23.0838 -1.1497 Td [(Jou)5(r)2(n)5(a)-1(l)5( )6(of)5( Env)9(i)5(ron)5(me)9(n)-1(t)5(a)-1(l)5( M)9(a)5(na)5(ge)9(ment)]TJ /TT102 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 15.7784 0 Td [(, )-6( v)-5(.)-3( 37)-5(, p)-5(.)3( )-6(147)-5(-16)-5(0)1(, 1)-5(993)-5(. )]TJ 0.0017 Tc 0.0357 Tw -15.7784 -1.5449 Td [(Fi)4(sher)5(, M)5(. M)5(.;)10( Ab)5(ra)8(hart)4(, R)4(. J)8(. Ne)8(ur)5(oc)8(om)13(put)4(i)4(ng \226)5( t)4(o)5(ol)4(s f)5(o)-1(r )6(geo)5(g)5(r)-1(ap)5(her)5(s)2(. I)5(n)-1(:)4( O)5(p)-1(en)5(sha)8(w)-1(, )6(S.;)4( A)5(b)-1(ra)8(hart)4(, R)10(. J. \(e)8(ds)8(\))5(,)6( )]TJ /TT105 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(G)-5(e)-2(o)-6(c)4(om)-5(pu)-6(ta)-6(ti)6(o)-6(n)]TJ /TT102 1 Tf -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw 6.6527 0 Td [(, )6(N)-5(e)-2(w Yo)-5(rk)-5(:)6( Taylo)-5(r)-5( )6(& Fr)-5(ancis, ch)-5(ap)-5(.8)-5(, p. )6(1)-5(87-)-5(217)-5(, )6(20)-5(00)-5(. )]TJ -0.0013 Tc 0.0028 Tw -6.6527 -1.5449 Td [(Gong)-4(, P. In)-4(tegrated)-4( an)-4(alysis o)-4(f)-4( sp)-4(atial d)-4(a)-1(ta )-6(fro)-4(m)10( )-6(m)10(u)-10(ltip)]TJ -0.0016 Tc 0.0031 Tw 22.2096 0 Td [(le )-6(so)-5(urces: u)-5(s)-2(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( )6(ev)-5(id)-5(en)-5(tial reaso)-5(n)-5(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( an)-5(d)-5( artificial n)-5(e)-1(u)-5(r)-4(al)7( )]TJ 0.0019 Tc 0.0774 Tw -22.2096 -1.1497 Td [(net)4(w)6(or)6(k t)4(ech)5(ni)10(que)9(s f)6(o)-1(r )6(ge)9(ol)4(o)5(g)-1(i)4(cal)4( m)13(a)3(ppi)4(ng,)6( )]TJ /TT105 1 Tf 0.0012 Tc 0.0722 Tw 18.2455 0 Td [(Ph)4(ot)4(o)4(g)-2(ra)4(m)5(m)-1(e)8(t)4(ri)4(c )-6(Engi)10(neeri)4(ng a)4(nd Rem)5(o)-2(t)10(e)2( )-6(Sen)4(s)1(i)4(n)4(g)]TJ /TT102 1 Tf 0.002 Tc 0.0714 Tw 20.8862 0 Td [(, v. 6)5(2)-1(, p. 51)5(3)5(-)]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.003 Tw -39.1317 -1.1437 Td [(5)-4(2)2(3)-4(,)3( 199)-4(6. )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0.0087 Tw 0 -1.5509 TD [(Li, X.; )6(Yeh)-4(,)-3( )6(A. G. Calibration o)-4(f)3( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata b)-4(y)2( u)-4(s)]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0.0054 Tw 22.6527 0 Td [(i)5(n)-1(g)5( ne)9(ural)5( )6(net)5(w)6(or)6(ks )6(fo)5(r t)5(h)-1(e)9( si)5(m)14(u)-7(l)5(a)3(t)5(i)5(on o)5(f c)9(o)-1(m)14(p)-1(lex )6(ur)6(ban)11( )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0 Tw -22.6527 -1.1437 Td [(syste)-6(m)11(s, )]TJ /TT105 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0063 Tw 3.6587 0 Td [(Envi)4(r)8(o)-1(n)5(m)-1(e)9(n)-1(t)4(a)-1(l)4( an)5(d Pl)4(an)5(ni)4(n)5(g)-1( )-6(A)]TJ /TT102 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 12.4491 0 Td [(, v)-5(.)-3( 3)-5(3)1(, p)-5(.)-3( 14)-5(45-)-4(146)-5(2, 2)-5(001)-5(. )]TJ 0 g ET /GS51 gs BT /T1_25 9 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 1 0 0 1 287.492 28.8 Tm (3704)Tj ET q 90 0 0 81.42 190.0521 395.3379 cm /Im12 Do Q 1 0 0 1 -20.9679 291.9376 cm /CS62 CS 0.004 0.004 0.004 SC 1 w 8 M 0 j 1 J []0 d /GS50 gs 85.02 89.24 108 108 re S /GS51 gs q 90 0 0 86.94 94.02 101.3003 cm /Im13 Do Q /GS50 gs 202.02 89.24 108 108 re 319.02 89.24 108 108 re 436.02 89.24 108 108 re S 0.502 0.502 0.502 SC 5.5 w 10 M 1 j 0 J 210.9 103.82 m 300.9 103.82 l S 1 1 1 SC 4 w 210.9 193.82 m 210.9 94.82 l S 5 w 301.02 193.82 m 301.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 20.9679 -291.9376 cm /CS62 cs 0 0 0 sc BT /TT105 1 Tf 0.003 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 278.3121 385.798 Tm [(b\))13( )]TJ ET /GS51 gs q 90 0 0 85.74 307.0521 391.018 cm /Im14 Do Q 1 0 0 1 -20.9679 291.9376 cm 0.502 0.502 0.502 SC 5.5 w /GS50 gs 328.02 103.82 m 418.02 103.82 l S 1 1 1 SC 7 w 328.02 193.82 m 328.02 94.82 l S 4.5 w 418.02 193.82 m 418.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 20.9679 -291.9376 cm BT /TT105 1 Tf -0.0007 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 395.3121 385.798 Tm (c\))Tj /TT102 1 Tf 0 Tc 12 0 0 12 402.9921 385.798 Tm ( )Tj ET /GS51 gs q 90 0 0 81.42 424.0521 395.3379 cm /Im15 Do Q 1 0 0 1 -20.9679 291.9376 cm 0.502 0.502 0.502 SC 5.5 w /GS50 gs 445.02 103.82 m 535.02 103.82 l S 1 1 1 SC 445.02 193.82 m 445.02 94.82 l S 3.5 w 535.02 193.82 m 535.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 20.9679 -291.9376 cm BT /TT105 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0008 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 503.3121 385.798 Tm [( )6(d\))]TJ /TT102 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 12 0 0 12 519.092 385.798 Tm ( )Tj ET 1 0 0 1 -20.9679 291.9376 cm 2 w 94.02 193.82 m 94.02 94.82 l S endstream endobj 343 0 obj 8316 endobj 344 0 obj << /Length 345 0 R >> stream /CS68 cs 0 0 0 sc 1 i /RelativeColorimetric ri /GS52 gs BT /TT106 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0294 Tw 12 0 0 12 103.1542 530.9124 Tm [(The land us)5(e change simulations w)8(e)-1(re accom)8(p)1(lished by tw)8(o types of stochastic tran)6(sition )]TJ -0.0002 Tc 0.2502 Tw -1.775 -1.15 Td [(algorithm)8(s)-1( \226 \223expander\224 and \223patcher\224 \226 wh)]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.2479 Tw 19.315 0 Td (ich operate changes through expansion and )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1232 Tw -19.315 -1.15 Td [(diffusion, respectively. These sim)8(u)1(lations were )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.1244 Tw 19.76 0 Td (validated according to)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1195 Tw 9.145 0 Td [( a )-10(m)8(u)1(ltiple resolution)6( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.1646 Tw -28.905 -1.15 Td [(fitting m)8(e)-1(thod \(Constan)5(za, 1989\), and the va)]TJ 0.1638 Tw 18.875 0 Td [(lu)5(es obtained for windows 3x3, 5x5 and 9x9)5( )]TJ 0.0296 Tw -18.875 -1.15 Td (were 0.862682, 0.864872, and 0.864644, respectively for S1, S2, and S3. \ It is observable that )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1095 Tw 0 -1.15 TD [(the land use transitions com)8(p)1(ly with econom)]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.1105 Tw 18.55 0 Td (ic theories of urban growth and change)Tj /TT107 1 Tf 0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 499.8142 461.9124 Tm (, )Tj /TT106 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 12 0 0 12 506.1742 461.9124 Tm (which )Tj 0.0007 Tc 0.0003 Tw -35.36 -1.15 Td [(m)9(axi)-6(m)9(i)-1(ze consum)9(ers\264 and m)9(arkets\264 utilities in)]TJ 0.001 Tc -0.0017 Tw 18.53 0 Td [( te)5(rm)9(s of real s)5(t)-1(ate p)6(r)-1(ic)5(es a)5(nd access)5(i)-1(bility. )]TJ /TT107 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw -18.53 -2.16 Td (7.)Tj /TT108 1 Tf ( )Tj /TT107 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 1.5 0 Td (Conclusions )Tj /TT106 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0024 Tw -1.5 -1.64 Td (Cities are open and non-linear co)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.0045 Tw 13.27 0 Td [(m)8(p)1(lex system)8(s. ANN though proved )]TJ 0.0009 Tc 0.0007 Tw (to have the cap)Tj 0.0007 Tc -0.0007 Tw 20.94 0 Td (ability to )Tj 0.0002 Tc 0.1298 Tw -34.21 -1.15 Td (model non-linear features and handle well the )Tj 0.0001 Tc 19.49 0 Td [(uncertainties of spatial data. ANN h)-5(a)-1(ve two )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.0185 Tw -19.49 -1.15 Td [(m)8(a)-1(in disadvantages: they are black-box devises and )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0198 Tw 21.115 0 Td [(the user\264s intervention is still decisive for)-7( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.0896 Tw -21.115 -1.15 Td (the results quality. Further studies are needed )Tj 0.0897 Tw 19.025 0 Td (to assess the responsiveness of the simulation )Tj 0.0005 Tc -0.0011 Tw -19.025 -1.15 Td [(outputs in)6( face of changes in the type,)6( structur)]TJ 0.0007 Tc -0.0023 Tw 18.47 0 Td [(e an)6(d internal param)9(ete)]TJ 0.0004 Tc -0.0004 Tw 9.35 0 Td [(rs of the network.)5( )]TJ /TT107 1 Tf 0.0007 Tc 0 Tw -27.82 -2.16 Td [(References)5( )]TJ /TT106 1 Tf -0.0011 Tc 0.0146 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 81.8542 303.5724 Tm [(Batty, M; Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, H.; Eichen)-4(, M. Urban)-4( )6(syste)-6(m)10(s as cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata,)]TJ /TT109 1 Tf -0.0022 Tc 0.0157 Tw 29 0 Td [( E)-8(n)-5(vironm)-5(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plan)-5(n)-5(i)6(ng)-5( B)]TJ /TT106 1 Tf 0.0025 Tc 0.011 Tw 12.7605 0 Td [(,)7( v.)7(2)6(4, )6(p.)13( )]TJ -0.0026 Tc -0.0019 Tw -41.7605 -1.1497 Td [(1)-6(59-)-5(164)-6(, 19)-6(97)-6(. )]TJ -0.0018 Tc 0.0811 Tw 0 -1.6467 TD [(Co)-5(n)-5(s)-2(tan)-5(za, R. )6(Mo)-5(d)-5(e)-1(l goo)-5(dn)-5(ess o)-5(f)-4( fit: a )-6(m)10(u)-5(ltip)-5(le reso)-5(lu)-5(tion p)-5(r)2(o)-5(cedu)-5(r)-4(e, )]TJ /TT109 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0817 Tw 28.9461 0 Td [(Eco)-5(log)-5(ica)-5(l Mod)-5(e)4(llin)-5(g)]TJ /TT106 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.0749 Tw 8.7545 0 Td [(, )-6(v)-4(.)3(47)-4(, p)-4(.)-3( 1)-4(99-)-4(215)-4(,)-9( )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0 Tw -37.7006 -1.1437 Td [(1)-4(989)-4(. )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0.062 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, )6(H. )6(Cellu)-4(lar wo)-4(rl)8(ds: a fram)11(ewo)-4(rk for m)11(o)-4(d)-4(ellin)-4(g micro)-4(-)-3(m)11(acro)-4( )6(d)-4(y)2(n)-4(am)11(i)2(cs, )]TJ /TT109 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0.0641 Tw 33.5569 0 Td [(En)-6(viro)-6(nm)-5(en)-6(ta)-6(l and)-6( Plann)-6(ing)-6( )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw -33.5569 -1.1497 Td (A)Tj /TT106 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw [(, v)-4(.)3(1)-4(7)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 58)-4(5-)-4(596)-4(, 19)-4(85)-4(. )]TJ -0.0005 Tc 0.0559 Tw 0 -1.6467 TD [(Dead)-3(m)11(an)-3(,)-2( P.; )6(Brown, R. )6(D.; )6(Gim)11(b)-3(let)-4(t)2(, P. M)8(o)-3(d)-3(elling)-3( )6(rura)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0575 Tw 23.0838 0 Td [(l resid)-5(e)-1(n)-5(tial settle)-7(m)9(e)-1(n)-5(t p)-5(a)-1(tterns with)-5( cellu)-5(lar au)-5(to)-5(m)9(a)-1(ta,)-10( )]TJ /TT109 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc -0.0006 Tw -23.0838 -1.1497 Td [(Jou)5(r)2(n)5(a)-1(l)5( )6(of)5( Env)9(i)5(ron)5(me)9(n)-1(t)5(a)-1(l)5( M)9(a)5(na)5(ge)9(ment)]TJ /TT106 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 15.7784 0 Td [(, )-6( v)-5(.)-3( 37)-5(, p)-5(.)3( )-6(147)-5(-16)-5(0)1(, 1)-5(993)-5(. )]TJ 0.0017 Tc 0.0357 Tw -15.7784 -1.5449 Td [(Fi)4(sher)5(, M)5(. M)5(.;)10( Ab)5(ra)8(hart)4(, R)4(. J)8(. Ne)8(ur)5(oc)8(om)13(put)4(i)4(ng \226)5( t)4(o)5(ol)4(s f)5(o)-1(r )6(geo)5(g)5(r)-1(ap)5(her)5(s)2(. I)5(n)-1(:)4( O)5(p)-1(en)5(sha)8(w)-1(, )6(S.;)4( A)5(b)-1(ra)8(hart)4(, R)10(. J. \(e)8(ds)8(\))5(,)6( )]TJ /TT109 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(G)-5(e)-2(o)-6(c)4(om)-5(pu)-6(ta)-6(ti)6(o)-6(n)]TJ /TT106 1 Tf -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw 6.6527 0 Td [(, )6(N)-5(e)-2(w Yo)-5(rk)-5(:)6( Taylo)-5(r)-5( )6(& Fr)-5(ancis, ch)-5(ap)-5(.8)-5(, p. )6(1)-5(87-)-5(217)-5(, )6(20)-5(00)-5(. )]TJ -0.0013 Tc 0.0028 Tw -6.6527 -1.5449 Td [(Gong)-4(, P. In)-4(tegrated)-4( an)-4(alysis o)-4(f)-4( sp)-4(atial d)-4(a)-1(ta )-6(fro)-4(m)10( )-6(m)10(u)-10(ltip)]TJ -0.0016 Tc 0.0031 Tw 22.2096 0 Td [(le )-6(so)-5(urces: u)-5(s)-2(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( )6(ev)-5(id)-5(en)-5(tial reaso)-5(n)-5(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( an)-5(d)-5( artificial n)-5(e)-1(u)-5(r)-4(al)7( )]TJ 0.0019 Tc 0.0774 Tw -22.2096 -1.1497 Td [(net)4(w)6(or)6(k t)4(ech)5(ni)10(que)9(s f)6(o)-1(r )6(ge)9(ol)4(o)5(g)-1(i)4(cal)4( m)13(a)3(ppi)4(ng,)6( )]TJ /TT109 1 Tf 0.0012 Tc 0.0722 Tw 18.2455 0 Td [(Ph)4(ot)4(o)4(g)-2(ra)4(m)5(m)-1(e)8(t)4(ri)4(c )-6(Engi)10(neeri)4(ng a)4(nd Rem)5(o)-2(t)10(e)2( )-6(Sen)4(s)1(i)4(n)4(g)]TJ /TT106 1 Tf 0.002 Tc 0.0714 Tw 20.8862 0 Td [(, v. 6)5(2)-1(, p. 51)5(3)5(-)]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.003 Tw -39.1317 -1.1437 Td [(5)-4(2)2(3)-4(,)3( 199)-4(6. )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0.0087 Tw 0 -1.5509 TD [(Li, X.; )6(Yeh)-4(,)-3( )6(A. G. Calibration o)-4(f)3( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata b)-4(y)2( u)-4(s)]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0.0054 Tw 22.6527 0 Td [(i)5(n)-1(g)5( ne)9(ural)5( )6(net)5(w)6(or)6(ks )6(fo)5(r t)5(h)-1(e)9( si)5(m)14(u)-7(l)5(a)3(t)5(i)5(on o)5(f c)9(o)-1(m)14(p)-1(lex )6(ur)6(ban)11( )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0 Tw -22.6527 -1.1437 Td [(syste)-6(m)11(s, )]TJ /TT109 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0063 Tw 3.6587 0 Td [(Envi)4(r)8(o)-1(n)5(m)-1(e)9(n)-1(t)4(a)-1(l)4( an)5(d Pl)4(an)5(ni)4(n)5(g)-1( )-6(A)]TJ /TT106 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 12.4491 0 Td [(, v)-5(.)-3( 3)-5(3)1(, p)-5(.)-3( 14)-5(45-)-4(146)-5(2, 2)-5(001)-5(. )]TJ 0 g ET /GS53 gs BT /T1_26 9 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 1 0 0 1 287.492 28.8 Tm (3704)Tj ET q 90 0 0 81.42 200.5361 647.7591 cm /Im16 Do Q 1 0 0 1 -10.4839 544.3588 cm /CS68 CS 0.004 0.004 0.004 SC 1 w 8 M 0 j 1 J []0 d /GS52 gs 85.02 89.24 108 108 re S /GS53 gs q 90 0 0 86.94 94.02 101.3003 cm /Im17 Do Q /GS52 gs 202.02 89.24 108 108 re 319.02 89.24 108 108 re 436.02 89.24 108 108 re S 0.502 0.502 0.502 SC 5.5 w 10 M 1 j 0 J 210.9 103.82 m 300.9 103.82 l S 1 1 1 SC 4 w 210.9 193.82 m 210.9 94.82 l S 5 w 301.02 193.82 m 301.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 10.4839 -544.3588 cm /CS68 cs 0 0 0 sc BT /TT109 1 Tf 0.003 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 288.7961 638.2192 Tm [(b\))13( )]TJ ET /GS53 gs q 90 0 0 85.74 317.5361 643.4392 cm /Im18 Do Q 1 0 0 1 -10.4839 544.3588 cm 0.502 0.502 0.502 SC 5.5 w /GS52 gs 328.02 103.82 m 418.02 103.82 l S 1 1 1 SC 7 w 328.02 193.82 m 328.02 94.82 l S 4.5 w 418.02 193.82 m 418.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 10.4839 -544.3588 cm BT /TT109 1 Tf -0.0007 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 405.7961 638.2192 Tm (c\))Tj /TT106 1 Tf 0 Tc 12 0 0 12 413.4761 638.2192 Tm ( )Tj ET /GS53 gs q 90 0 0 81.42 434.5361 647.7591 cm /Im19 Do Q 1 0 0 1 -10.4839 544.3588 cm 0.502 0.502 0.502 SC 5.5 w /GS52 gs 445.02 103.82 m 535.02 103.82 l S 1 1 1 SC 445.02 193.82 m 445.02 94.82 l S 3.5 w 535.02 193.82 m 535.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 10.4839 -544.3588 cm BT /TT109 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0008 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 513.7961 638.2192 Tm [( )6(d\))]TJ /TT106 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 12 0 0 12 529.576 638.2192 Tm ( )Tj ET 1 0 0 1 -10.4839 544.3588 cm 2 w 94.02 193.82 m 94.02 94.82 l S endstream endobj 345 0 obj 8322 endobj 346 0 obj << /Length 347 0 R >> stream /CS74 cs 0 0 0 sc 1 i /RelativeColorimetric ri /GS54 gs BT /TT110 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0294 Tw 12 0 0 12 103.1542 530.9124 Tm [(The land us)5(e change simulations w)8(e)-1(re accom)8(p)1(lished by tw)8(o types of stochastic tran)6(sition )]TJ -0.0002 Tc 0.2502 Tw -1.775 -1.15 Td [(algorithm)8(s)-1( \226 \223expander\224 and \223patcher\224 \226 wh)]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.2479 Tw 19.315 0 Td (ich operate changes through expansion and )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1232 Tw -19.315 -1.15 Td [(diffusion, respectively. These sim)8(u)1(lations were )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.1244 Tw 19.76 0 Td (validated according to)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1195 Tw 9.145 0 Td [( a )-10(m)8(u)1(ltiple resolution)6( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.1646 Tw -28.905 -1.15 Td [(fitting m)8(e)-1(thod \(Constan)5(za, 1989\), and the va)]TJ 0.1638 Tw 18.875 0 Td [(lu)5(es obtained for windows 3x3, 5x5 and 9x9)5( )]TJ 0.0296 Tw -18.875 -1.15 Td (were 0.862682, 0.864872, and 0.864644, respectively for S1, S2, and S3. \ It is observable that )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1095 Tw 0 -1.15 TD [(the land use transitions com)8(p)1(ly with econom)]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.1105 Tw 18.55 0 Td (ic theories of urban growth and change)Tj /TT111 1 Tf 0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 499.8142 461.9124 Tm (, )Tj /TT110 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 12 0 0 12 506.1742 461.9124 Tm (which )Tj 0.0007 Tc 0.0003 Tw -35.36 -1.15 Td [(m)9(axi)-6(m)9(i)-1(ze consum)9(ers\264 and m)9(arkets\264 utilities in)]TJ 0.001 Tc -0.0017 Tw 18.53 0 Td [( te)5(rm)9(s of real s)5(t)-1(ate p)6(r)-1(ic)5(es a)5(nd access)5(i)-1(bility. )]TJ /TT111 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw -18.53 -2.16 Td (7.)Tj /TT112 1 Tf ( )Tj /TT111 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 1.5 0 Td (Conclusions )Tj /TT110 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0024 Tw -1.5 -1.64 Td (Cities are open and non-linear co)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.0045 Tw 13.27 0 Td [(m)8(p)1(lex system)8(s. ANN though proved )]TJ 0.0009 Tc 0.0007 Tw (to have the cap)Tj 0.0007 Tc -0.0007 Tw 20.94 0 Td (ability to )Tj 0.0002 Tc 0.1298 Tw -34.21 -1.15 Td (model non-linear features and handle well the )Tj 0.0001 Tc 19.49 0 Td [(uncertainties of spatial data. ANN h)-5(a)-1(ve two )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.0185 Tw -19.49 -1.15 Td [(m)8(a)-1(in disadvantages: they are black-box devises and )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0198 Tw 21.115 0 Td [(the user\264s intervention is still decisive for)-7( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.0896 Tw -21.115 -1.15 Td (the results quality. Further studies are needed )Tj 0.0897 Tw 19.025 0 Td (to assess the responsiveness of the simulation )Tj 0.0005 Tc -0.0011 Tw -19.025 -1.15 Td [(outputs in)6( face of changes in the type,)6( structur)]TJ 0.0007 Tc -0.0023 Tw 18.47 0 Td [(e an)6(d internal param)9(ete)]TJ 0.0004 Tc -0.0004 Tw 9.35 0 Td [(rs of the network.)5( )]TJ /TT111 1 Tf 0.0007 Tc 0 Tw -27.82 -2.16 Td [(References)5( )]TJ /TT110 1 Tf -0.0011 Tc 0.0146 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 81.8542 303.5724 Tm [(Batty, M; Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, H.; Eichen)-4(, M. Urban)-4( )6(syste)-6(m)10(s as cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata,)]TJ /TT113 1 Tf -0.0022 Tc 0.0157 Tw 29 0 Td [( E)-8(n)-5(vironm)-5(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plan)-5(n)-5(i)6(ng)-5( B)]TJ /TT110 1 Tf 0.0025 Tc 0.011 Tw 12.7605 0 Td [(,)7( v.)7(2)6(4, )6(p.)13( )]TJ -0.0026 Tc -0.0019 Tw -41.7605 -1.1497 Td [(1)-6(59-)-5(164)-6(, 19)-6(97)-6(. )]TJ -0.0018 Tc 0.0811 Tw 0 -1.6467 TD [(Co)-5(n)-5(s)-2(tan)-5(za, R. )6(Mo)-5(d)-5(e)-1(l goo)-5(dn)-5(ess o)-5(f)-4( fit: a )-6(m)10(u)-5(ltip)-5(le reso)-5(lu)-5(tion p)-5(r)2(o)-5(cedu)-5(r)-4(e, )]TJ /TT113 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0817 Tw 28.9461 0 Td [(Eco)-5(log)-5(ica)-5(l Mod)-5(e)4(llin)-5(g)]TJ /TT110 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.0749 Tw 8.7545 0 Td [(, )-6(v)-4(.)3(47)-4(, p)-4(.)-3( 1)-4(99-)-4(215)-4(,)-9( )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0 Tw -37.7006 -1.1437 Td [(1)-4(989)-4(. )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0.062 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, )6(H. )6(Cellu)-4(lar wo)-4(rl)8(ds: a fram)11(ewo)-4(rk for m)11(o)-4(d)-4(ellin)-4(g micro)-4(-)-3(m)11(acro)-4( )6(d)-4(y)2(n)-4(am)11(i)2(cs, )]TJ /TT113 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0.0641 Tw 33.5569 0 Td [(En)-6(viro)-6(nm)-5(en)-6(ta)-6(l and)-6( Plann)-6(ing)-6( )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw -33.5569 -1.1497 Td (A)Tj /TT110 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw [(, v)-4(.)3(1)-4(7)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 58)-4(5-)-4(596)-4(, 19)-4(85)-4(. )]TJ -0.0005 Tc 0.0559 Tw 0 -1.6467 TD [(Dead)-3(m)11(an)-3(,)-2( P.; )6(Brown, R. )6(D.; )6(Gim)11(b)-3(let)-4(t)2(, P. M)8(o)-3(d)-3(elling)-3( )6(rura)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0575 Tw 23.0838 0 Td [(l resid)-5(e)-1(n)-5(tial settle)-7(m)9(e)-1(n)-5(t p)-5(a)-1(tterns with)-5( cellu)-5(lar au)-5(to)-5(m)9(a)-1(ta,)-10( )]TJ /TT113 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc -0.0006 Tw -23.0838 -1.1497 Td [(Jou)5(r)2(n)5(a)-1(l)5( )6(of)5( Env)9(i)5(ron)5(me)9(n)-1(t)5(a)-1(l)5( M)9(a)5(na)5(ge)9(ment)]TJ /TT110 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 15.7784 0 Td [(, )-6( v)-5(.)-3( 37)-5(, p)-5(.)3( )-6(147)-5(-16)-5(0)1(, 1)-5(993)-5(. )]TJ 0.0017 Tc 0.0357 Tw -15.7784 -1.5449 Td [(Fi)4(sher)5(, M)5(. M)5(.;)10( Ab)5(ra)8(hart)4(, R)4(. J)8(. Ne)8(ur)5(oc)8(om)13(put)4(i)4(ng \226)5( t)4(o)5(ol)4(s f)5(o)-1(r )6(geo)5(g)5(r)-1(ap)5(her)5(s)2(. I)5(n)-1(:)4( O)5(p)-1(en)5(sha)8(w)-1(, )6(S.;)4( A)5(b)-1(ra)8(hart)4(, R)10(. J. \(e)8(ds)8(\))5(,)6( )]TJ /TT113 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(G)-5(e)-2(o)-6(c)4(om)-5(pu)-6(ta)-6(ti)6(o)-6(n)]TJ /TT110 1 Tf -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw 6.6527 0 Td [(, )6(N)-5(e)-2(w Yo)-5(rk)-5(:)6( Taylo)-5(r)-5( )6(& Fr)-5(ancis, ch)-5(ap)-5(.8)-5(, p. )6(1)-5(87-)-5(217)-5(, )6(20)-5(00)-5(. )]TJ -0.0013 Tc 0.0028 Tw -6.6527 -1.5449 Td [(Gong)-4(, P. In)-4(tegrated)-4( an)-4(alysis o)-4(f)-4( sp)-4(atial d)-4(a)-1(ta )-6(fro)-4(m)10( )-6(m)10(u)-10(ltip)]TJ -0.0016 Tc 0.0031 Tw 22.2096 0 Td [(le )-6(so)-5(urces: u)-5(s)-2(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( )6(ev)-5(id)-5(en)-5(tial reaso)-5(n)-5(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( an)-5(d)-5( artificial n)-5(e)-1(u)-5(r)-4(al)7( )]TJ 0.0019 Tc 0.0774 Tw -22.2096 -1.1497 Td [(net)4(w)6(or)6(k t)4(ech)5(ni)10(que)9(s f)6(o)-1(r )6(ge)9(ol)4(o)5(g)-1(i)4(cal)4( m)13(a)3(ppi)4(ng,)6( )]TJ /TT113 1 Tf 0.0012 Tc 0.0722 Tw 18.2455 0 Td [(Ph)4(ot)4(o)4(g)-2(ra)4(m)5(m)-1(e)8(t)4(ri)4(c )-6(Engi)10(neeri)4(ng a)4(nd Rem)5(o)-2(t)10(e)2( )-6(Sen)4(s)1(i)4(n)4(g)]TJ /TT110 1 Tf 0.002 Tc 0.0714 Tw 20.8862 0 Td [(, v. 6)5(2)-1(, p. 51)5(3)5(-)]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.003 Tw -39.1317 -1.1437 Td [(5)-4(2)2(3)-4(,)3( 199)-4(6. )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0.0087 Tw 0 -1.5509 TD [(Li, X.; )6(Yeh)-4(,)-3( )6(A. G. Calibration o)-4(f)3( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata b)-4(y)2( u)-4(s)]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0.0054 Tw 22.6527 0 Td [(i)5(n)-1(g)5( ne)9(ural)5( )6(net)5(w)6(or)6(ks )6(fo)5(r t)5(h)-1(e)9( si)5(m)14(u)-7(l)5(a)3(t)5(i)5(on o)5(f c)9(o)-1(m)14(p)-1(lex )6(ur)6(ban)11( )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0 Tw -22.6527 -1.1437 Td [(syste)-6(m)11(s, )]TJ /TT113 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0063 Tw 3.6587 0 Td [(Envi)4(r)8(o)-1(n)5(m)-1(e)9(n)-1(t)4(a)-1(l)4( an)5(d Pl)4(an)5(ni)4(n)5(g)-1( )-6(A)]TJ /TT110 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 12.4491 0 Td [(, v)-5(.)-3( 3)-5(3)1(, p)-5(.)-3( 14)-5(45-)-4(146)-5(2, 2)-5(001)-5(. )]TJ 0 g ET /GS55 gs BT /T1_27 9 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 1 0 0 1 287.492 28.8 Tm (3704)Tj ET q 90 0 0 81.42 200.5361 647.7591 cm /Im20 Do Q 1 0 0 1 -10.4839 544.3588 cm /CS74 CS 0.004 0.004 0.004 SC 1 w 8 M 0 j 1 J []0 d /GS54 gs 85.02 89.24 108 108 re S /GS55 gs q 90 0 0 86.94 94.02 101.3003 cm /Im21 Do Q /GS54 gs 202.02 89.24 108 108 re 319.02 89.24 108 108 re 436.02 89.24 108 108 re S 0.502 0.502 0.502 SC 5.5 w 10 M 1 j 0 J 210.9 103.82 m 300.9 103.82 l S 1 1 1 SC 4 w 210.9 193.82 m 210.9 94.82 l S 5 w 301.02 193.82 m 301.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 10.4839 -544.3588 cm /CS74 cs 0 0 0 sc BT /TT113 1 Tf 0.003 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 288.7961 638.2192 Tm [(b\))13( )]TJ ET /GS55 gs q 90 0 0 85.74 317.5361 643.4392 cm /Im22 Do Q 1 0 0 1 -10.4839 544.3588 cm 0.502 0.502 0.502 SC 5.5 w /GS54 gs 328.02 103.82 m 418.02 103.82 l S 1 1 1 SC 7 w 328.02 193.82 m 328.02 94.82 l S 4.5 w 418.02 193.82 m 418.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 10.4839 -544.3588 cm BT /TT113 1 Tf -0.0007 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 405.7961 638.2192 Tm (c\))Tj /TT110 1 Tf 0 Tc 12 0 0 12 413.4761 638.2192 Tm ( )Tj ET /GS55 gs q 90 0 0 81.42 434.5361 647.7591 cm /Im23 Do Q 1 0 0 1 -10.4839 544.3588 cm 0.502 0.502 0.502 SC 5.5 w /GS54 gs 445.02 103.82 m 535.02 103.82 l S 1 1 1 SC 445.02 193.82 m 445.02 94.82 l S 3.5 w 535.02 193.82 m 535.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 10.4839 -544.3588 cm BT /TT113 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0008 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 513.7961 638.2192 Tm [( )6(d\))]TJ /TT110 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 12 0 0 12 529.576 638.2192 Tm ( )Tj ET 1 0 0 1 -10.4839 544.3588 cm 2 w 94.02 193.82 m 94.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 10.4839 -544.3588 cm BT /TT113 1 Tf -0.0007 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 405.7961 638.2192 Tm (c\))Tj /TT110 1 Tf 0 Tc 12 0 0 12 413.4761 638.2192 Tm ( )Tj ET endstream endobj 347 0 obj 8479 endobj 348 0 obj << /Length 349 0 R >> stream /CS80 cs 0 0 0 sc 1 i /RelativeColorimetric ri /GS56 gs BT /TT114 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0294 Tw 12 0 0 12 103.1542 530.9124 Tm [(The land us)5(e change simulations w)8(e)-1(re accom)8(p)1(lished by tw)8(o types of stochastic tran)6(sition )]TJ -0.0002 Tc 0.2502 Tw -1.775 -1.15 Td [(algorithm)8(s)-1( \226 \223expander\224 and \223patcher\224 \226 wh)]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.2479 Tw 19.315 0 Td (ich operate changes through expansion and )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1232 Tw -19.315 -1.15 Td [(diffusion, respectively. These sim)8(u)1(lations were )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.1244 Tw 19.76 0 Td (validated according to)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1195 Tw 9.145 0 Td [( a )-10(m)8(u)1(ltiple resolution)6( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.1646 Tw -28.905 -1.15 Td [(fitting m)8(e)-1(thod \(Constan)5(za, 1989\), and the va)]TJ 0.1638 Tw 18.875 0 Td [(lu)5(es obtained for windows 3x3, 5x5 and 9x9)5( )]TJ 0.0296 Tw -18.875 -1.15 Td (were 0.862682, 0.864872, and 0.864644, respectively for S1, S2, and S3. \ It is observable that )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1095 Tw 0 -1.15 TD [(the land use transitions com)8(p)1(ly with econom)]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.1105 Tw 18.55 0 Td (ic theories of urban growth and change)Tj /TT115 1 Tf 0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 499.8142 461.9124 Tm (, )Tj /TT114 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 12 0 0 12 506.1742 461.9124 Tm (which )Tj 0.0007 Tc 0.0003 Tw -35.36 -1.15 Td [(m)9(axi)-6(m)9(i)-1(ze consum)9(ers\264 and m)9(arkets\264 utilities in)]TJ 0.001 Tc -0.0017 Tw 18.53 0 Td [( te)5(rm)9(s of real s)5(t)-1(ate p)6(r)-1(ic)5(es a)5(nd access)5(i)-1(bility. )]TJ /TT115 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw -18.53 -2.16 Td (7.)Tj /TT116 1 Tf ( )Tj /TT115 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 1.5 0 Td (Conclusions )Tj /TT114 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0024 Tw -1.5 -1.64 Td (Cities are open and non-linear co)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.0045 Tw 13.27 0 Td [(m)8(p)1(lex system)8(s. ANN though proved )]TJ 0.0009 Tc 0.0007 Tw (to have the cap)Tj 0.0007 Tc -0.0007 Tw 20.94 0 Td (ability to )Tj 0.0002 Tc 0.1298 Tw -34.21 -1.15 Td (model non-linear features and handle well the )Tj 0.0001 Tc 19.49 0 Td [(uncertainties of spatial data. ANN h)-5(a)-1(ve two )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.0185 Tw -19.49 -1.15 Td [(m)8(a)-1(in disadvantages: they are black-box devises and )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0198 Tw 21.115 0 Td [(the user\264s intervention is still decisive for)-7( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.0896 Tw -21.115 -1.15 Td (the results quality. Further studies are needed )Tj 0.0897 Tw 19.025 0 Td (to assess the responsiveness of the simulation )Tj 0.0005 Tc -0.0011 Tw -19.025 -1.15 Td [(outputs in)6( face of changes in the type,)6( structur)]TJ 0.0007 Tc -0.0023 Tw 18.47 0 Td [(e an)6(d internal param)9(ete)]TJ 0.0004 Tc -0.0004 Tw 9.35 0 Td [(rs of the network.)5( )]TJ /TT115 1 Tf 0.0007 Tc 0 Tw -27.82 -2.16 Td [(References)5( )]TJ /TT114 1 Tf -0.0011 Tc 0.0146 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 81.8542 303.5724 Tm [(Batty, M; Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, H.; Eichen)-4(, M. Urban)-4( )6(syste)-6(m)10(s as cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata,)]TJ /TT117 1 Tf -0.0022 Tc 0.0157 Tw 29 0 Td [( E)-8(n)-5(vironm)-5(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plan)-5(n)-5(i)6(ng)-5( B)]TJ /TT114 1 Tf 0.0025 Tc 0.011 Tw 12.7605 0 Td [(,)7( v.)7(2)6(4, )6(p.)13( )]TJ -0.0026 Tc -0.0019 Tw -41.7605 -1.1497 Td [(1)-6(59-)-5(164)-6(, 19)-6(97)-6(. )]TJ -0.0018 Tc 0.0811 Tw 0 -1.6467 TD [(Co)-5(n)-5(s)-2(tan)-5(za, R. )6(Mo)-5(d)-5(e)-1(l goo)-5(dn)-5(ess o)-5(f)-4( fit: a )-6(m)10(u)-5(ltip)-5(le reso)-5(lu)-5(tion p)-5(r)2(o)-5(cedu)-5(r)-4(e, )]TJ /TT117 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0817 Tw 28.9461 0 Td [(Eco)-5(log)-5(ica)-5(l Mod)-5(e)4(llin)-5(g)]TJ /TT114 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.0749 Tw 8.7545 0 Td [(, )-6(v)-4(.)3(47)-4(, p)-4(.)-3( 1)-4(99-)-4(215)-4(,)-9( )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0 Tw -37.7006 -1.1437 Td [(1)-4(989)-4(. )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0.062 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, )6(H. )6(Cellu)-4(lar wo)-4(rl)8(ds: a fram)11(ewo)-4(rk for m)11(o)-4(d)-4(ellin)-4(g micro)-4(-)-3(m)11(acro)-4( )6(d)-4(y)2(n)-4(am)11(i)2(cs, )]TJ /TT117 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0.0641 Tw 33.5569 0 Td [(En)-6(viro)-6(nm)-5(en)-6(ta)-6(l and)-6( Plann)-6(ing)-6( )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw -33.5569 -1.1497 Td (A)Tj /TT114 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw [(, v)-4(.)3(1)-4(7)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 58)-4(5-)-4(596)-4(, 19)-4(85)-4(. )]TJ -0.0005 Tc 0.0559 Tw 0 -1.6467 TD [(Dead)-3(m)11(an)-3(,)-2( P.; )6(Brown, R. )6(D.; )6(Gim)11(b)-3(let)-4(t)2(, P. M)8(o)-3(d)-3(elling)-3( )6(rura)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0575 Tw 23.0838 0 Td [(l resid)-5(e)-1(n)-5(tial settle)-7(m)9(e)-1(n)-5(t p)-5(a)-1(tterns with)-5( cellu)-5(lar au)-5(to)-5(m)9(a)-1(ta,)-10( )]TJ /TT117 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc -0.0006 Tw -23.0838 -1.1497 Td [(Jou)5(r)2(n)5(a)-1(l)5( )6(of)5( Env)9(i)5(ron)5(me)9(n)-1(t)5(a)-1(l)5( M)9(a)5(na)5(ge)9(ment)]TJ /TT114 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 15.7784 0 Td [(, )-6( v)-5(.)-3( 37)-5(, p)-5(.)3( )-6(147)-5(-16)-5(0)1(, 1)-5(993)-5(. )]TJ 0.0017 Tc 0.0357 Tw -15.7784 -1.5449 Td [(Fi)4(sher)5(, M)5(. M)5(.;)10( Ab)5(ra)8(hart)4(, R)4(. J)8(. Ne)8(ur)5(oc)8(om)13(put)4(i)4(ng \226)5( t)4(o)5(ol)4(s f)5(o)-1(r )6(geo)5(g)5(r)-1(ap)5(her)5(s)2(. I)5(n)-1(:)4( O)5(p)-1(en)5(sha)8(w)-1(, )6(S.;)4( A)5(b)-1(ra)8(hart)4(, R)10(. J. \(e)8(ds)8(\))5(,)6( )]TJ /TT117 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(G)-5(e)-2(o)-6(c)4(om)-5(pu)-6(ta)-6(ti)6(o)-6(n)]TJ /TT114 1 Tf -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw 6.6527 0 Td [(, )6(N)-5(e)-2(w Yo)-5(rk)-5(:)6( Taylo)-5(r)-5( )6(& Fr)-5(ancis, ch)-5(ap)-5(.8)-5(, p. )6(1)-5(87-)-5(217)-5(, )6(20)-5(00)-5(. )]TJ -0.0013 Tc 0.0028 Tw -6.6527 -1.5449 Td [(Gong)-4(, P. In)-4(tegrated)-4( an)-4(alysis o)-4(f)-4( sp)-4(atial d)-4(a)-1(ta )-6(fro)-4(m)10( )-6(m)10(u)-10(ltip)]TJ -0.0016 Tc 0.0031 Tw 22.2096 0 Td [(le )-6(so)-5(urces: u)-5(s)-2(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( )6(ev)-5(id)-5(en)-5(tial reaso)-5(n)-5(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( an)-5(d)-5( artificial n)-5(e)-1(u)-5(r)-4(al)7( )]TJ 0.0019 Tc 0.0774 Tw -22.2096 -1.1497 Td [(net)4(w)6(or)6(k t)4(ech)5(ni)10(que)9(s f)6(o)-1(r )6(ge)9(ol)4(o)5(g)-1(i)4(cal)4( m)13(a)3(ppi)4(ng,)6( )]TJ /TT117 1 Tf 0.0012 Tc 0.0722 Tw 18.2455 0 Td [(Ph)4(ot)4(o)4(g)-2(ra)4(m)5(m)-1(e)8(t)4(ri)4(c )-6(Engi)10(neeri)4(ng a)4(nd Rem)5(o)-2(t)10(e)2( )-6(Sen)4(s)1(i)4(n)4(g)]TJ /TT114 1 Tf 0.002 Tc 0.0714 Tw 20.8862 0 Td [(, v. 6)5(2)-1(, p. 51)5(3)5(-)]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.003 Tw -39.1317 -1.1437 Td [(5)-4(2)2(3)-4(,)3( 199)-4(6. )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0.0087 Tw 0 -1.5509 TD [(Li, X.; )6(Yeh)-4(,)-3( )6(A. G. Calibration o)-4(f)3( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata b)-4(y)2( u)-4(s)]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0.0054 Tw 22.6527 0 Td [(i)5(n)-1(g)5( ne)9(ural)5( )6(net)5(w)6(or)6(ks )6(fo)5(r t)5(h)-1(e)9( si)5(m)14(u)-7(l)5(a)3(t)5(i)5(on o)5(f c)9(o)-1(m)14(p)-1(lex )6(ur)6(ban)11( )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0 Tw -22.6527 -1.1437 Td [(syste)-6(m)11(s, )]TJ /TT117 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0063 Tw 3.6587 0 Td [(Envi)4(r)8(o)-1(n)5(m)-1(e)9(n)-1(t)4(a)-1(l)4( an)5(d Pl)4(an)5(ni)4(n)5(g)-1( )-6(A)]TJ /TT114 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 12.4491 0 Td [(, v)-5(.)-3( 3)-5(3)1(, p)-5(.)-3( 14)-5(45-)-4(146)-5(2, 2)-5(001)-5(. )]TJ 0 g ET /GS57 gs BT /T1_28 9 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 1 0 0 1 287.492 28.8 Tm (3704)Tj ET q 90 0 0 81.42 200.5361 647.7591 cm /Im24 Do Q 1 0 0 1 -10.4839 544.3588 cm /CS80 CS 0.004 0.004 0.004 SC 1 w 8 M 0 j 1 J []0 d /GS56 gs 85.02 89.24 108 108 re S /GS57 gs q 90 0 0 86.94 94.02 101.3003 cm /Im25 Do Q /GS56 gs 202.02 89.24 108 108 re 319.02 89.24 108 108 re 436.02 89.24 108 108 re S 0.502 0.502 0.502 SC 5.5 w 10 M 1 j 0 J 210.9 103.82 m 300.9 103.82 l S 1 1 1 SC 4 w 210.9 193.82 m 210.9 94.82 l S 5 w 301.02 193.82 m 301.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 10.4839 -544.3588 cm /CS80 cs 0 0 0 sc BT /TT117 1 Tf 0.003 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 288.7961 638.2192 Tm [(b\))13( )]TJ ET /GS57 gs q 90 0 0 85.74 317.5361 643.4392 cm /Im26 Do Q 1 0 0 1 -10.4839 544.3588 cm 0.502 0.502 0.502 SC 5.5 w /GS56 gs 328.02 103.82 m 418.02 103.82 l S 1 1 1 SC 7 w 328.02 193.82 m 328.02 94.82 l S 4.5 w 418.02 193.82 m 418.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 10.4839 -544.3588 cm BT /TT117 1 Tf -0.0007 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 405.7961 638.2192 Tm (c\))Tj /TT114 1 Tf 0 Tc 12 0 0 12 413.4761 638.2192 Tm ( )Tj ET /GS57 gs q 90 0 0 81.42 434.5361 647.7591 cm /Im27 Do Q 1 0 0 1 -10.4839 544.3588 cm 0.502 0.502 0.502 SC 5.5 w /GS56 gs 445.02 103.82 m 535.02 103.82 l S 1 1 1 SC 445.02 193.82 m 445.02 94.82 l S 3.5 w 535.02 193.82 m 535.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 10.4839 -544.3588 cm BT /TT117 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0008 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 513.7961 638.2192 Tm [( )6(d\))]TJ /TT114 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 12 0 0 12 529.576 638.2192 Tm ( )Tj ET 1 0 0 1 -10.4839 544.3588 cm 2 w 94.02 193.82 m 94.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 10.4839 -544.3588 cm BT /TT117 1 Tf -0.0007 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 77.5678 615.6384 Tm (c\))Tj /TT114 1 Tf 0 Tc 12 0 0 12 85.2478 615.6384 Tm ( )Tj ET endstream endobj 349 0 obj 8477 endobj 350 0 obj << /Length 351 0 R >> stream /CS86 cs 0 0 0 sc 1 i /RelativeColorimetric ri /GS58 gs BT /TT118 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0294 Tw 12 0 0 12 103.1542 530.9124 Tm [(The land us)5(e change simulations w)8(e)-1(re accom)8(p)1(lished by tw)8(o types of stochastic tran)6(sition )]TJ -0.0002 Tc 0.2502 Tw -1.775 -1.15 Td [(algorithm)8(s)-1( \226 \223expander\224 and \223patcher\224 \226 wh)]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.2479 Tw 19.315 0 Td (ich operate changes through expansion and )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1232 Tw -19.315 -1.15 Td [(diffusion, respectively. These sim)8(u)1(lations were )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.1244 Tw 19.76 0 Td (validated according to)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1195 Tw 9.145 0 Td [( a )-10(m)8(u)1(ltiple resolution)6( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.1646 Tw -28.905 -1.15 Td [(fitting m)8(e)-1(thod \(Constan)5(za, 1989\), and the va)]TJ 0.1638 Tw 18.875 0 Td [(lu)5(es obtained for windows 3x3, 5x5 and 9x9)5( )]TJ 0.0296 Tw -18.875 -1.15 Td (were 0.862682, 0.864872, and 0.864644, respectively for S1, S2, and S3. \ It is observable that )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1095 Tw 0 -1.15 TD [(the land use transitions com)8(p)1(ly with econom)]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.1105 Tw 18.55 0 Td (ic theories of urban growth and change)Tj /TT119 1 Tf 0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 499.8142 461.9124 Tm (, )Tj /TT118 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 12 0 0 12 506.1742 461.9124 Tm (which )Tj 0.0007 Tc 0.0003 Tw -35.36 -1.15 Td [(m)9(axi)-6(m)9(i)-1(ze consum)9(ers\264 and m)9(arkets\264 utilities in)]TJ 0.001 Tc -0.0017 Tw 18.53 0 Td [( te)5(rm)9(s of real s)5(t)-1(ate p)6(r)-1(ic)5(es a)5(nd access)5(i)-1(bility. )]TJ /TT119 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw -18.53 -2.16 Td (7.)Tj /TT120 1 Tf ( )Tj /TT119 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 1.5 0 Td (Conclusions )Tj /TT118 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0024 Tw -1.5 -1.64 Td (Cities are open and non-linear co)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.0045 Tw 13.27 0 Td [(m)8(p)1(lex system)8(s. ANN though proved )]TJ 0.0009 Tc 0.0007 Tw (to have the cap)Tj 0.0007 Tc -0.0007 Tw 20.94 0 Td (ability to )Tj 0.0002 Tc 0.1298 Tw -34.21 -1.15 Td (model non-linear features and handle well the )Tj 0.0001 Tc 19.49 0 Td [(uncertainties of spatial data. ANN h)-5(a)-1(ve two )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.0185 Tw -19.49 -1.15 Td [(m)8(a)-1(in disadvantages: they are black-box devises and )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0198 Tw 21.115 0 Td [(the user\264s intervention is still decisive for)-7( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.0896 Tw -21.115 -1.15 Td (the results quality. Further studies are needed )Tj 0.0897 Tw 19.025 0 Td (to assess the responsiveness of the simulation )Tj 0.0005 Tc -0.0011 Tw -19.025 -1.15 Td [(outputs in)6( face of changes in the type,)6( structur)]TJ 0.0007 Tc -0.0023 Tw 18.47 0 Td [(e an)6(d internal param)9(ete)]TJ 0.0004 Tc -0.0004 Tw 9.35 0 Td [(rs of the network.)5( )]TJ /TT119 1 Tf 0.0007 Tc 0 Tw -27.82 -2.16 Td [(References)5( )]TJ /TT118 1 Tf -0.0011 Tc 0.0146 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 81.8542 303.5724 Tm [(Batty, M; Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, H.; Eichen)-4(, M. Urban)-4( )6(syste)-6(m)10(s as cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata,)]TJ /TT121 1 Tf -0.0022 Tc 0.0157 Tw 29 0 Td [( E)-8(n)-5(vironm)-5(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plan)-5(n)-5(i)6(ng)-5( B)]TJ /TT118 1 Tf 0.0025 Tc 0.011 Tw 12.7605 0 Td [(,)7( v.)7(2)6(4, )6(p.)13( )]TJ -0.0026 Tc -0.0019 Tw -41.7605 -1.1497 Td [(1)-6(59-)-5(164)-6(, 19)-6(97)-6(. )]TJ -0.0018 Tc 0.0811 Tw 0 -1.6467 TD [(Co)-5(n)-5(s)-2(tan)-5(za, R. )6(Mo)-5(d)-5(e)-1(l goo)-5(dn)-5(ess o)-5(f)-4( fit: a )-6(m)10(u)-5(ltip)-5(le reso)-5(lu)-5(tion p)-5(r)2(o)-5(cedu)-5(r)-4(e, )]TJ /TT121 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0817 Tw 28.9461 0 Td [(Eco)-5(log)-5(ica)-5(l Mod)-5(e)4(llin)-5(g)]TJ /TT118 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.0749 Tw 8.7545 0 Td [(, )-6(v)-4(.)3(47)-4(, p)-4(.)-3( 1)-4(99-)-4(215)-4(,)-9( )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0 Tw -37.7006 -1.1437 Td [(1)-4(989)-4(. )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0.062 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, )6(H. )6(Cellu)-4(lar wo)-4(rl)8(ds: a fram)11(ewo)-4(rk for m)11(o)-4(d)-4(ellin)-4(g micro)-4(-)-3(m)11(acro)-4( )6(d)-4(y)2(n)-4(am)11(i)2(cs, )]TJ /TT121 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0.0641 Tw 33.5569 0 Td [(En)-6(viro)-6(nm)-5(en)-6(ta)-6(l and)-6( Plann)-6(ing)-6( )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw -33.5569 -1.1497 Td (A)Tj /TT118 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw [(, v)-4(.)3(1)-4(7)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 58)-4(5-)-4(596)-4(, 19)-4(85)-4(. )]TJ -0.0005 Tc 0.0559 Tw 0 -1.6467 TD [(Dead)-3(m)11(an)-3(,)-2( P.; )6(Brown, R. )6(D.; )6(Gim)11(b)-3(let)-4(t)2(, P. M)8(o)-3(d)-3(elling)-3( )6(rura)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0575 Tw 23.0838 0 Td [(l resid)-5(e)-1(n)-5(tial settle)-7(m)9(e)-1(n)-5(t p)-5(a)-1(tterns with)-5( cellu)-5(lar au)-5(to)-5(m)9(a)-1(ta,)-10( )]TJ /TT121 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc -0.0006 Tw -23.0838 -1.1497 Td [(Jou)5(r)2(n)5(a)-1(l)5( )6(of)5( Env)9(i)5(ron)5(me)9(n)-1(t)5(a)-1(l)5( M)9(a)5(na)5(ge)9(ment)]TJ /TT118 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 15.7784 0 Td [(, )-6( v)-5(.)-3( 37)-5(, p)-5(.)3( )-6(147)-5(-16)-5(0)1(, 1)-5(993)-5(. )]TJ 0.0017 Tc 0.0357 Tw -15.7784 -1.5449 Td [(Fi)4(sher)5(, M)5(. M)5(.;)10( Ab)5(ra)8(hart)4(, R)4(. J)8(. Ne)8(ur)5(oc)8(om)13(put)4(i)4(ng \226)5( t)4(o)5(ol)4(s f)5(o)-1(r )6(geo)5(g)5(r)-1(ap)5(her)5(s)2(. I)5(n)-1(:)4( O)5(p)-1(en)5(sha)8(w)-1(, )6(S.;)4( A)5(b)-1(ra)8(hart)4(, R)10(. J. \(e)8(ds)8(\))5(,)6( )]TJ /TT121 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(G)-5(e)-2(o)-6(c)4(om)-5(pu)-6(ta)-6(ti)6(o)-6(n)]TJ /TT118 1 Tf -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw 6.6527 0 Td [(, )6(N)-5(e)-2(w Yo)-5(rk)-5(:)6( Taylo)-5(r)-5( )6(& Fr)-5(ancis, ch)-5(ap)-5(.8)-5(, p. )6(1)-5(87-)-5(217)-5(, )6(20)-5(00)-5(. )]TJ -0.0013 Tc 0.0028 Tw -6.6527 -1.5449 Td [(Gong)-4(, P. In)-4(tegrated)-4( an)-4(alysis o)-4(f)-4( sp)-4(atial d)-4(a)-1(ta )-6(fro)-4(m)10( )-6(m)10(u)-10(ltip)]TJ -0.0016 Tc 0.0031 Tw 22.2096 0 Td [(le )-6(so)-5(urces: u)-5(s)-2(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( )6(ev)-5(id)-5(en)-5(tial reaso)-5(n)-5(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( an)-5(d)-5( artificial n)-5(e)-1(u)-5(r)-4(al)7( )]TJ 0.0019 Tc 0.0774 Tw -22.2096 -1.1497 Td [(net)4(w)6(or)6(k t)4(ech)5(ni)10(que)9(s f)6(o)-1(r )6(ge)9(ol)4(o)5(g)-1(i)4(cal)4( m)13(a)3(ppi)4(ng,)6( )]TJ /TT121 1 Tf 0.0012 Tc 0.0722 Tw 18.2455 0 Td [(Ph)4(ot)4(o)4(g)-2(ra)4(m)5(m)-1(e)8(t)4(ri)4(c )-6(Engi)10(neeri)4(ng a)4(nd Rem)5(o)-2(t)10(e)2( )-6(Sen)4(s)1(i)4(n)4(g)]TJ /TT118 1 Tf 0.002 Tc 0.0714 Tw 20.8862 0 Td [(, v. 6)5(2)-1(, p. 51)5(3)5(-)]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.003 Tw -39.1317 -1.1437 Td [(5)-4(2)2(3)-4(,)3( 199)-4(6. )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0.0087 Tw 0 -1.5509 TD [(Li, X.; )6(Yeh)-4(,)-3( )6(A. G. Calibration o)-4(f)3( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata b)-4(y)2( u)-4(s)]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0.0054 Tw 22.6527 0 Td [(i)5(n)-1(g)5( ne)9(ural)5( )6(net)5(w)6(or)6(ks )6(fo)5(r t)5(h)-1(e)9( si)5(m)14(u)-7(l)5(a)3(t)5(i)5(on o)5(f c)9(o)-1(m)14(p)-1(lex )6(ur)6(ban)11( )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0 Tw -22.6527 -1.1437 Td [(syste)-6(m)11(s, )]TJ /TT121 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0063 Tw 3.6587 0 Td [(Envi)4(r)8(o)-1(n)5(m)-1(e)9(n)-1(t)4(a)-1(l)4( an)5(d Pl)4(an)5(ni)4(n)5(g)-1( )-6(A)]TJ /TT118 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 12.4491 0 Td [(, v)-5(.)-3( 3)-5(3)1(, p)-5(.)-3( 14)-5(45-)-4(146)-5(2, 2)-5(001)-5(. )]TJ 0 g ET /GS59 gs BT /T1_29 9 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 1 0 0 1 287.492 28.8 Tm (3704)Tj ET q 90 0 0 81.42 200.5361 647.7591 cm /Im28 Do Q 1 0 0 1 -10.4839 544.3588 cm /CS86 CS 0.004 0.004 0.004 SC 1 w 8 M 0 j 1 J []0 d /GS58 gs 85.02 89.24 108 108 re S /GS59 gs q 90 0 0 86.94 94.02 101.3003 cm /Im29 Do Q /GS58 gs 202.02 89.24 108 108 re 319.02 89.24 108 108 re 436.02 89.24 108 108 re S 0.502 0.502 0.502 SC 5.5 w 10 M 1 j 0 J 210.9 103.82 m 300.9 103.82 l S 1 1 1 SC 4 w 210.9 193.82 m 210.9 94.82 l S 5 w 301.02 193.82 m 301.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 10.4839 -544.3588 cm /CS86 cs 0 0 0 sc BT /TT121 1 Tf 0.003 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 288.7961 638.2192 Tm [(b\))13( )]TJ ET /GS59 gs q 90 0 0 85.74 317.5361 643.4392 cm /Im30 Do Q 1 0 0 1 -10.4839 544.3588 cm 0.502 0.502 0.502 SC 5.5 w /GS58 gs 328.02 103.82 m 418.02 103.82 l S 1 1 1 SC 7 w 328.02 193.82 m 328.02 94.82 l S 4.5 w 418.02 193.82 m 418.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 10.4839 -544.3588 cm BT /TT121 1 Tf -0.0007 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 405.7961 638.2192 Tm (c\))Tj /TT118 1 Tf 0 Tc 12 0 0 12 413.4761 638.2192 Tm ( )Tj ET /GS59 gs q 90 0 0 81.42 434.5361 647.7591 cm /Im31 Do Q 1 0 0 1 -10.4839 544.3588 cm 0.502 0.502 0.502 SC 5.5 w /GS58 gs 445.02 103.82 m 535.02 103.82 l S 1 1 1 SC 445.02 193.82 m 445.02 94.82 l S 3.5 w 535.02 193.82 m 535.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 10.4839 -544.3588 cm BT /TT121 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0008 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 513.7961 638.2192 Tm [( )6(d\))]TJ /TT118 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 12 0 0 12 529.576 638.2192 Tm ( )Tj ET 1 0 0 1 -10.4839 544.3588 cm 2 w 94.02 193.82 m 94.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 10.4839 -544.3588 cm BT /TT121 1 Tf -0.0007 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 77.5678 615.6384 Tm (c\))Tj /TT118 1 Tf 0 Tc 12 0 0 12 85.2478 615.6384 Tm ( )Tj /TT121 1 Tf -0.0007 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 77.5678 615.6384 Tm (c\))Tj /TT118 1 Tf 0 Tc 12 0 0 12 85.2478 615.6384 Tm ( )Tj ET endstream endobj 351 0 obj 8597 endobj 352 0 obj << /Length 353 0 R >> stream /CS92 cs 0 0 0 sc 1 i /RelativeColorimetric ri /GS60 gs BT /TT122 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0294 Tw 12 0 0 12 103.1542 530.9124 Tm [(The land us)5(e change simulations w)8(e)-1(re accom)8(p)1(lished by tw)8(o types of stochastic tran)6(sition )]TJ -0.0002 Tc 0.2502 Tw -1.775 -1.15 Td [(algorithm)8(s)-1( \226 \223expander\224 and \223patcher\224 \226 wh)]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.2479 Tw 19.315 0 Td (ich operate changes through expansion and )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1232 Tw -19.315 -1.15 Td [(diffusion, respectively. These sim)8(u)1(lations were )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.1244 Tw 19.76 0 Td (validated according to)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1195 Tw 9.145 0 Td [( a )-10(m)8(u)1(ltiple resolution)6( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.1646 Tw -28.905 -1.15 Td [(fitting m)8(e)-1(thod \(Constan)5(za, 1989\), and the va)]TJ 0.1638 Tw 18.875 0 Td [(lu)5(es obtained for windows 3x3, 5x5 and 9x9)5( )]TJ 0.0296 Tw -18.875 -1.15 Td (were 0.862682, 0.864872, and 0.864644, respectively for S1, S2, and S3. \ It is observable that )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1095 Tw 0 -1.15 TD [(the land use transitions com)8(p)1(ly with econom)]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.1105 Tw 18.55 0 Td (ic theories of urban growth and change)Tj /TT123 1 Tf 0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 499.8142 461.9124 Tm (, )Tj /TT122 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 12 0 0 12 506.1742 461.9124 Tm (which )Tj 0.0007 Tc 0.0003 Tw -35.36 -1.15 Td [(m)9(axi)-6(m)9(i)-1(ze consum)9(ers\264 and m)9(arkets\264 utilities in)]TJ 0.001 Tc -0.0017 Tw 18.53 0 Td [( te)5(rm)9(s of real s)5(t)-1(ate p)6(r)-1(ic)5(es a)5(nd access)5(i)-1(bility. )]TJ /TT123 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw -18.53 -2.16 Td (7.)Tj /TT124 1 Tf ( )Tj /TT123 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 1.5 0 Td (Conclusions )Tj /TT122 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0024 Tw -1.5 -1.64 Td (Cities are open and non-linear co)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.0045 Tw 13.27 0 Td [(m)8(p)1(lex system)8(s. ANN though proved )]TJ 0.0009 Tc 0.0007 Tw (to have the cap)Tj 0.0007 Tc -0.0007 Tw 20.94 0 Td (ability to )Tj 0.0002 Tc 0.1298 Tw -34.21 -1.15 Td (model non-linear features and handle well the )Tj 0.0001 Tc 19.49 0 Td [(uncertainties of spatial data. ANN h)-5(a)-1(ve two )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.0185 Tw -19.49 -1.15 Td [(m)8(a)-1(in disadvantages: they are black-box devises and )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0198 Tw 21.115 0 Td [(the user\264s intervention is still decisive for)-7( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.0896 Tw -21.115 -1.15 Td (the results quality. Further studies are needed )Tj 0.0897 Tw 19.025 0 Td (to assess the responsiveness of the simulation )Tj 0.0005 Tc -0.0011 Tw -19.025 -1.15 Td [(outputs in)6( face of changes in the type,)6( structur)]TJ 0.0007 Tc -0.0023 Tw 18.47 0 Td [(e an)6(d internal param)9(ete)]TJ 0.0004 Tc -0.0004 Tw 9.35 0 Td [(rs of the network.)5( )]TJ /TT123 1 Tf 0.0007 Tc 0 Tw -27.82 -2.16 Td [(References)5( )]TJ /TT122 1 Tf -0.0011 Tc 0.0146 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 81.8542 303.5724 Tm [(Batty, M; Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, H.; Eichen)-4(, M. Urban)-4( )6(syste)-6(m)10(s as cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata,)]TJ /TT125 1 Tf -0.0022 Tc 0.0157 Tw 29 0 Td [( E)-8(n)-5(vironm)-5(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plan)-5(n)-5(i)6(ng)-5( B)]TJ /TT122 1 Tf 0.0025 Tc 0.011 Tw 12.7605 0 Td [(,)7( v.)7(2)6(4, )6(p.)13( )]TJ -0.0026 Tc -0.0019 Tw -41.7605 -1.1497 Td [(1)-6(59-)-5(164)-6(, 19)-6(97)-6(. )]TJ -0.0018 Tc 0.0811 Tw 0 -1.6467 TD [(Co)-5(n)-5(s)-2(tan)-5(za, R. )6(Mo)-5(d)-5(e)-1(l goo)-5(dn)-5(ess o)-5(f)-4( fit: a )-6(m)10(u)-5(ltip)-5(le reso)-5(lu)-5(tion p)-5(r)2(o)-5(cedu)-5(r)-4(e, )]TJ /TT125 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0817 Tw 28.9461 0 Td [(Eco)-5(log)-5(ica)-5(l Mod)-5(e)4(llin)-5(g)]TJ /TT122 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.0749 Tw 8.7545 0 Td [(, )-6(v)-4(.)3(47)-4(, p)-4(.)-3( 1)-4(99-)-4(215)-4(,)-9( )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0 Tw -37.7006 -1.1437 Td [(1)-4(989)-4(. )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0.062 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, )6(H. )6(Cellu)-4(lar wo)-4(rl)8(ds: a fram)11(ewo)-4(rk for m)11(o)-4(d)-4(ellin)-4(g micro)-4(-)-3(m)11(acro)-4( )6(d)-4(y)2(n)-4(am)11(i)2(cs, )]TJ /TT125 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0.0641 Tw 33.5569 0 Td [(En)-6(viro)-6(nm)-5(en)-6(ta)-6(l and)-6( Plann)-6(ing)-6( )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw -33.5569 -1.1497 Td (A)Tj /TT122 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw [(, v)-4(.)3(1)-4(7)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 58)-4(5-)-4(596)-4(, 19)-4(85)-4(. )]TJ -0.0005 Tc 0.0559 Tw 0 -1.6467 TD [(Dead)-3(m)11(an)-3(,)-2( P.; )6(Brown, R. )6(D.; )6(Gim)11(b)-3(let)-4(t)2(, P. M)8(o)-3(d)-3(elling)-3( )6(rura)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0575 Tw 23.0838 0 Td [(l resid)-5(e)-1(n)-5(tial settle)-7(m)9(e)-1(n)-5(t p)-5(a)-1(tterns with)-5( cellu)-5(lar au)-5(to)-5(m)9(a)-1(ta,)-10( )]TJ /TT125 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc -0.0006 Tw -23.0838 -1.1497 Td [(Jou)5(r)2(n)5(a)-1(l)5( )6(of)5( Env)9(i)5(ron)5(me)9(n)-1(t)5(a)-1(l)5( M)9(a)5(na)5(ge)9(ment)]TJ /TT122 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 15.7784 0 Td [(, )-6( v)-5(.)-3( 37)-5(, p)-5(.)3( )-6(147)-5(-16)-5(0)1(, 1)-5(993)-5(. )]TJ 0.0017 Tc 0.0357 Tw -15.7784 -1.5449 Td [(Fi)4(sher)5(, M)5(. M)5(.;)10( Ab)5(ra)8(hart)4(, R)4(. J)8(. Ne)8(ur)5(oc)8(om)13(put)4(i)4(ng \226)5( t)4(o)5(ol)4(s f)5(o)-1(r )6(geo)5(g)5(r)-1(ap)5(her)5(s)2(. I)5(n)-1(:)4( O)5(p)-1(en)5(sha)8(w)-1(, )6(S.;)4( A)5(b)-1(ra)8(hart)4(, R)10(. J. \(e)8(ds)8(\))5(,)6( )]TJ /TT125 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(G)-5(e)-2(o)-6(c)4(om)-5(pu)-6(ta)-6(ti)6(o)-6(n)]TJ /TT122 1 Tf -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw 6.6527 0 Td [(, )6(N)-5(e)-2(w Yo)-5(rk)-5(:)6( Taylo)-5(r)-5( )6(& Fr)-5(ancis, ch)-5(ap)-5(.8)-5(, p. )6(1)-5(87-)-5(217)-5(, )6(20)-5(00)-5(. )]TJ -0.0013 Tc 0.0028 Tw -6.6527 -1.5449 Td [(Gong)-4(, P. In)-4(tegrated)-4( an)-4(alysis o)-4(f)-4( sp)-4(atial d)-4(a)-1(ta )-6(fro)-4(m)10( )-6(m)10(u)-10(ltip)]TJ -0.0016 Tc 0.0031 Tw 22.2096 0 Td [(le )-6(so)-5(urces: u)-5(s)-2(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( )6(ev)-5(id)-5(en)-5(tial reaso)-5(n)-5(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( an)-5(d)-5( artificial n)-5(e)-1(u)-5(r)-4(al)7( )]TJ 0.0019 Tc 0.0774 Tw -22.2096 -1.1497 Td [(net)4(w)6(or)6(k t)4(ech)5(ni)10(que)9(s f)6(o)-1(r )6(ge)9(ol)4(o)5(g)-1(i)4(cal)4( m)13(a)3(ppi)4(ng,)6( )]TJ /TT125 1 Tf 0.0012 Tc 0.0722 Tw 18.2455 0 Td [(Ph)4(ot)4(o)4(g)-2(ra)4(m)5(m)-1(e)8(t)4(ri)4(c )-6(Engi)10(neeri)4(ng a)4(nd Rem)5(o)-2(t)10(e)2( )-6(Sen)4(s)1(i)4(n)4(g)]TJ /TT122 1 Tf 0.002 Tc 0.0714 Tw 20.8862 0 Td [(, v. 6)5(2)-1(, p. 51)5(3)5(-)]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.003 Tw -39.1317 -1.1437 Td [(5)-4(2)2(3)-4(,)3( 199)-4(6. )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0.0087 Tw 0 -1.5509 TD [(Li, X.; )6(Yeh)-4(,)-3( )6(A. G. Calibration o)-4(f)3( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata b)-4(y)2( u)-4(s)]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0.0054 Tw 22.6527 0 Td [(i)5(n)-1(g)5( ne)9(ural)5( )6(net)5(w)6(or)6(ks )6(fo)5(r t)5(h)-1(e)9( si)5(m)14(u)-7(l)5(a)3(t)5(i)5(on o)5(f c)9(o)-1(m)14(p)-1(lex )6(ur)6(ban)11( )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0 Tw -22.6527 -1.1437 Td [(syste)-6(m)11(s, )]TJ /TT125 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0063 Tw 3.6587 0 Td [(Envi)4(r)8(o)-1(n)5(m)-1(e)9(n)-1(t)4(a)-1(l)4( an)5(d Pl)4(an)5(ni)4(n)5(g)-1( )-6(A)]TJ /TT122 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 12.4491 0 Td [(, v)-5(.)-3( 3)-5(3)1(, p)-5(.)-3( 14)-5(45-)-4(146)-5(2, 2)-5(001)-5(. )]TJ 0 g ET /GS61 gs BT /T1_30 9 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 1 0 0 1 287.492 28.8 Tm (3704)Tj ET q 90 0 0 81.42 200.5361 647.7591 cm /Im32 Do Q 1 0 0 1 -10.4839 544.3588 cm /CS92 CS 0.004 0.004 0.004 SC 1 w 8 M 0 j 1 J []0 d /GS60 gs 85.02 89.24 108 108 re S /GS61 gs q 90 0 0 86.94 94.02 101.3003 cm /Im33 Do Q /GS60 gs 202.02 89.24 108 108 re 319.02 89.24 108 108 re 436.02 89.24 108 108 re S 0.502 0.502 0.502 SC 5.5 w 10 M 1 j 0 J 210.9 103.82 m 300.9 103.82 l S 1 1 1 SC 4 w 210.9 193.82 m 210.9 94.82 l S 5 w 301.02 193.82 m 301.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 10.4839 -544.3588 cm /CS92 cs 0 0 0 sc BT /TT125 1 Tf 0.003 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 288.7961 638.2192 Tm [(b\))13( )]TJ ET /GS61 gs q 90 0 0 85.74 317.5361 643.4392 cm /Im34 Do Q 1 0 0 1 -10.4839 544.3588 cm 0.502 0.502 0.502 SC 5.5 w /GS60 gs 328.02 103.82 m 418.02 103.82 l S 1 1 1 SC 7 w 328.02 193.82 m 328.02 94.82 l S 4.5 w 418.02 193.82 m 418.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 10.4839 -544.3588 cm BT /TT125 1 Tf -0.0007 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 405.7961 638.2192 Tm (c\))Tj /TT122 1 Tf 0 Tc 12 0 0 12 413.4761 638.2192 Tm ( )Tj ET /GS61 gs q 90 0 0 81.42 434.5361 647.7591 cm /Im35 Do Q 1 0 0 1 -10.4839 544.3588 cm 0.502 0.502 0.502 SC 5.5 w /GS60 gs 445.02 103.82 m 535.02 103.82 l S 1 1 1 SC 445.02 193.82 m 445.02 94.82 l S 3.5 w 535.02 193.82 m 535.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 10.4839 -544.3588 cm BT /TT125 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0008 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 513.7961 638.2192 Tm [( )6(d\))]TJ /TT122 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 12 0 0 12 529.576 638.2192 Tm ( )Tj ET 1 0 0 1 -10.4839 544.3588 cm 2 w 94.02 193.82 m 94.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 10.4839 -544.3588 cm BT /TT125 1 Tf -0.0007 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 77.5678 615.6384 Tm (c\))Tj /TT122 1 Tf 0 Tc 12 0 0 12 85.2478 615.6384 Tm ( )Tj /TT125 1 Tf -0.0007 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 171.1169 638.2192 Tm (c\))Tj /TT122 1 Tf 0 Tc 12 0 0 12 178.7969 638.2192 Tm ( )Tj ET endstream endobj 353 0 obj 8599 endobj 354 0 obj << /Length 355 0 R >> stream /CS98 cs 0 0 0 sc 1 i /RelativeColorimetric ri /GS62 gs BT /TT126 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0294 Tw 12 0 0 12 103.1542 530.9124 Tm [(The land us)5(e change simulations w)8(e)-1(re accom)8(p)1(lished by tw)8(o types of stochastic tran)6(sition )]TJ -0.0002 Tc 0.2502 Tw -1.775 -1.15 Td [(algorithm)8(s)-1( \226 \223expander\224 and \223patcher\224 \226 wh)]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.2479 Tw 19.315 0 Td (ich operate changes through expansion and )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1232 Tw -19.315 -1.15 Td [(diffusion, respectively. These sim)8(u)1(lations were )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.1244 Tw 19.76 0 Td (validated according to)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1195 Tw 9.145 0 Td [( a )-10(m)8(u)1(ltiple resolution)6( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.1646 Tw -28.905 -1.15 Td [(fitting m)8(e)-1(thod \(Constan)5(za, 1989\), and the va)]TJ 0.1638 Tw 18.875 0 Td [(lu)5(es obtained for windows 3x3, 5x5 and 9x9)5( )]TJ 0.0296 Tw -18.875 -1.15 Td (were 0.862682, 0.864872, and 0.864644, respectively for S1, S2, and S3. \ It is observable that )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1095 Tw 0 -1.15 TD [(the land use transitions com)8(p)1(ly with econom)]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.1105 Tw 18.55 0 Td (ic theories of urban growth and change)Tj /TT127 1 Tf 0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 499.8142 461.9124 Tm (, )Tj /TT126 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 12 0 0 12 506.1742 461.9124 Tm (which )Tj 0.0007 Tc 0.0003 Tw -35.36 -1.15 Td [(m)9(axi)-6(m)9(i)-1(ze consum)9(ers\264 and m)9(arkets\264 utilities in)]TJ 0.001 Tc -0.0017 Tw 18.53 0 Td [( te)5(rm)9(s of real s)5(t)-1(ate p)6(r)-1(ic)5(es a)5(nd access)5(i)-1(bility. )]TJ /TT127 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw -18.53 -2.16 Td (7.)Tj /TT128 1 Tf ( )Tj /TT127 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 1.5 0 Td (Conclusions )Tj /TT126 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0024 Tw -1.5 -1.64 Td (Cities are open and non-linear co)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.0045 Tw 13.27 0 Td [(m)8(p)1(lex system)8(s. ANN though proved )]TJ 0.0009 Tc 0.0007 Tw (to have the cap)Tj 0.0007 Tc -0.0007 Tw 20.94 0 Td (ability to )Tj 0.0002 Tc 0.1298 Tw -34.21 -1.15 Td (model non-linear features and handle well the )Tj 0.0001 Tc 19.49 0 Td [(uncertainties of spatial data. ANN h)-5(a)-1(ve two )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.0185 Tw -19.49 -1.15 Td [(m)8(a)-1(in disadvantages: they are black-box devises and )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0198 Tw 21.115 0 Td [(the user\264s intervention is still decisive for)-7( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.0896 Tw -21.115 -1.15 Td (the results quality. Further studies are needed )Tj 0.0897 Tw 19.025 0 Td (to assess the responsiveness of the simulation )Tj 0.0005 Tc -0.0011 Tw -19.025 -1.15 Td [(outputs in)6( face of changes in the type,)6( structur)]TJ 0.0007 Tc -0.0023 Tw 18.47 0 Td [(e an)6(d internal param)9(ete)]TJ 0.0004 Tc -0.0004 Tw 9.35 0 Td [(rs of the network.)5( )]TJ /TT127 1 Tf 0.0007 Tc 0 Tw -27.82 -2.16 Td [(References)5( )]TJ /TT126 1 Tf -0.0011 Tc 0.0146 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 81.8542 303.5724 Tm [(Batty, M; Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, H.; Eichen)-4(, M. Urban)-4( )6(syste)-6(m)10(s as cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata,)]TJ /TT129 1 Tf -0.0022 Tc 0.0157 Tw 29 0 Td [( E)-8(n)-5(vironm)-5(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plan)-5(n)-5(i)6(ng)-5( B)]TJ /TT126 1 Tf 0.0025 Tc 0.011 Tw 12.7605 0 Td [(,)7( v.)7(2)6(4, )6(p.)13( )]TJ -0.0026 Tc -0.0019 Tw -41.7605 -1.1497 Td [(1)-6(59-)-5(164)-6(, 19)-6(97)-6(. )]TJ -0.0018 Tc 0.0811 Tw 0 -1.6467 TD [(Co)-5(n)-5(s)-2(tan)-5(za, R. )6(Mo)-5(d)-5(e)-1(l goo)-5(dn)-5(ess o)-5(f)-4( fit: a )-6(m)10(u)-5(ltip)-5(le reso)-5(lu)-5(tion p)-5(r)2(o)-5(cedu)-5(r)-4(e, )]TJ /TT129 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0817 Tw 28.9461 0 Td [(Eco)-5(log)-5(ica)-5(l Mod)-5(e)4(llin)-5(g)]TJ /TT126 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.0749 Tw 8.7545 0 Td [(, )-6(v)-4(.)3(47)-4(, p)-4(.)-3( 1)-4(99-)-4(215)-4(,)-9( )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0 Tw -37.7006 -1.1437 Td [(1)-4(989)-4(. )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0.062 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, )6(H. )6(Cellu)-4(lar wo)-4(rl)8(ds: a fram)11(ewo)-4(rk for m)11(o)-4(d)-4(ellin)-4(g micro)-4(-)-3(m)11(acro)-4( )6(d)-4(y)2(n)-4(am)11(i)2(cs, )]TJ /TT129 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0.0641 Tw 33.5569 0 Td [(En)-6(viro)-6(nm)-5(en)-6(ta)-6(l and)-6( Plann)-6(ing)-6( )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw -33.5569 -1.1497 Td (A)Tj /TT126 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw [(, v)-4(.)3(1)-4(7)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 58)-4(5-)-4(596)-4(, 19)-4(85)-4(. )]TJ -0.0005 Tc 0.0559 Tw 0 -1.6467 TD [(Dead)-3(m)11(an)-3(,)-2( P.; )6(Brown, R. )6(D.; )6(Gim)11(b)-3(let)-4(t)2(, P. M)8(o)-3(d)-3(elling)-3( )6(rura)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0575 Tw 23.0838 0 Td [(l resid)-5(e)-1(n)-5(tial settle)-7(m)9(e)-1(n)-5(t p)-5(a)-1(tterns with)-5( cellu)-5(lar au)-5(to)-5(m)9(a)-1(ta,)-10( )]TJ /TT129 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc -0.0006 Tw -23.0838 -1.1497 Td [(Jou)5(r)2(n)5(a)-1(l)5( )6(of)5( Env)9(i)5(ron)5(me)9(n)-1(t)5(a)-1(l)5( M)9(a)5(na)5(ge)9(ment)]TJ /TT126 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 15.7784 0 Td [(, )-6( v)-5(.)-3( 37)-5(, p)-5(.)3( )-6(147)-5(-16)-5(0)1(, 1)-5(993)-5(. )]TJ 0.0017 Tc 0.0357 Tw -15.7784 -1.5449 Td [(Fi)4(sher)5(, M)5(. M)5(.;)10( Ab)5(ra)8(hart)4(, R)4(. J)8(. Ne)8(ur)5(oc)8(om)13(put)4(i)4(ng \226)5( t)4(o)5(ol)4(s f)5(o)-1(r )6(geo)5(g)5(r)-1(ap)5(her)5(s)2(. I)5(n)-1(:)4( O)5(p)-1(en)5(sha)8(w)-1(, )6(S.;)4( A)5(b)-1(ra)8(hart)4(, R)10(. J. \(e)8(ds)8(\))5(,)6( )]TJ /TT129 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(G)-5(e)-2(o)-6(c)4(om)-5(pu)-6(ta)-6(ti)6(o)-6(n)]TJ /TT126 1 Tf -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw 6.6527 0 Td [(, )6(N)-5(e)-2(w Yo)-5(rk)-5(:)6( Taylo)-5(r)-5( )6(& Fr)-5(ancis, ch)-5(ap)-5(.8)-5(, p. )6(1)-5(87-)-5(217)-5(, )6(20)-5(00)-5(. )]TJ -0.0013 Tc 0.0028 Tw -6.6527 -1.5449 Td [(Gong)-4(, P. In)-4(tegrated)-4( an)-4(alysis o)-4(f)-4( sp)-4(atial d)-4(a)-1(ta )-6(fro)-4(m)10( )-6(m)10(u)-10(ltip)]TJ -0.0016 Tc 0.0031 Tw 22.2096 0 Td [(le )-6(so)-5(urces: u)-5(s)-2(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( )6(ev)-5(id)-5(en)-5(tial reaso)-5(n)-5(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( an)-5(d)-5( artificial n)-5(e)-1(u)-5(r)-4(al)7( )]TJ 0.0019 Tc 0.0774 Tw -22.2096 -1.1497 Td [(net)4(w)6(or)6(k t)4(ech)5(ni)10(que)9(s f)6(o)-1(r )6(ge)9(ol)4(o)5(g)-1(i)4(cal)4( m)13(a)3(ppi)4(ng,)6( )]TJ /TT129 1 Tf 0.0012 Tc 0.0722 Tw 18.2455 0 Td [(Ph)4(ot)4(o)4(g)-2(ra)4(m)5(m)-1(e)8(t)4(ri)4(c )-6(Engi)10(neeri)4(ng a)4(nd Rem)5(o)-2(t)10(e)2( )-6(Sen)4(s)1(i)4(n)4(g)]TJ /TT126 1 Tf 0.002 Tc 0.0714 Tw 20.8862 0 Td [(, v. 6)5(2)-1(, p. 51)5(3)5(-)]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.003 Tw -39.1317 -1.1437 Td [(5)-4(2)2(3)-4(,)3( 199)-4(6. )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0.0087 Tw 0 -1.5509 TD [(Li, X.; )6(Yeh)-4(,)-3( )6(A. G. Calibration o)-4(f)3( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata b)-4(y)2( u)-4(s)]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0.0054 Tw 22.6527 0 Td [(i)5(n)-1(g)5( ne)9(ural)5( )6(net)5(w)6(or)6(ks )6(fo)5(r t)5(h)-1(e)9( si)5(m)14(u)-7(l)5(a)3(t)5(i)5(on o)5(f c)9(o)-1(m)14(p)-1(lex )6(ur)6(ban)11( )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0 Tw -22.6527 -1.1437 Td [(syste)-6(m)11(s, )]TJ /TT129 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0063 Tw 3.6587 0 Td [(Envi)4(r)8(o)-1(n)5(m)-1(e)9(n)-1(t)4(a)-1(l)4( an)5(d Pl)4(an)5(ni)4(n)5(g)-1( )-6(A)]TJ /TT126 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 12.4491 0 Td [(, v)-5(.)-3( 3)-5(3)1(, p)-5(.)-3( 14)-5(45-)-4(146)-5(2, 2)-5(001)-5(. )]TJ 0 g ET /GS63 gs BT /T1_31 9 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 1 0 0 1 287.492 28.8 Tm (3704)Tj ET q 90 0 0 81.42 200.5361 647.7591 cm /Im36 Do Q 1 0 0 1 -10.4839 544.3588 cm /CS98 CS 0.004 0.004 0.004 SC 1 w 8 M 0 j 1 J []0 d /GS62 gs 85.02 89.24 108 108 re S /GS63 gs q 90 0 0 86.94 94.02 101.3003 cm /Im37 Do Q /GS62 gs 202.02 89.24 108 108 re 319.02 89.24 108 108 re 436.02 89.24 108 108 re S 0.502 0.502 0.502 SC 5.5 w 10 M 1 j 0 J 210.9 103.82 m 300.9 103.82 l S 1 1 1 SC 4 w 210.9 193.82 m 210.9 94.82 l S 5 w 301.02 193.82 m 301.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 10.4839 -544.3588 cm /CS98 cs 0 0 0 sc BT /TT129 1 Tf 0.003 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 288.7961 638.2192 Tm [(b\))13( )]TJ ET /GS63 gs q 90 0 0 85.74 317.5361 643.4392 cm /Im38 Do Q 1 0 0 1 -10.4839 544.3588 cm 0.502 0.502 0.502 SC 5.5 w /GS62 gs 328.02 103.82 m 418.02 103.82 l S 1 1 1 SC 7 w 328.02 193.82 m 328.02 94.82 l S 4.5 w 418.02 193.82 m 418.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 10.4839 -544.3588 cm BT /TT129 1 Tf -0.0007 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 405.7961 638.2192 Tm (c\))Tj /TT126 1 Tf 0 Tc 12 0 0 12 413.4761 638.2192 Tm ( )Tj ET /GS63 gs q 90 0 0 81.42 434.5361 647.7591 cm /Im39 Do Q 1 0 0 1 -10.4839 544.3588 cm 0.502 0.502 0.502 SC 5.5 w /GS62 gs 445.02 103.82 m 535.02 103.82 l S 1 1 1 SC 445.02 193.82 m 445.02 94.82 l S 3.5 w 535.02 193.82 m 535.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 10.4839 -544.3588 cm BT /TT129 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0008 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 513.7961 638.2192 Tm [( )6(d\))]TJ /TT126 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 12 0 0 12 529.576 638.2192 Tm ( )Tj ET 1 0 0 1 -10.4839 544.3588 cm 2 w 94.02 193.82 m 94.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 10.4839 -544.3588 cm BT /TT129 1 Tf -0.0007 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 76.7614 615.6384 Tm (c\))Tj /TT126 1 Tf 0 Tc 12 0 0 12 84.4414 615.6384 Tm ( )Tj /TT129 1 Tf -0.0007 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 171.1169 638.2192 Tm (c\))Tj /TT126 1 Tf 0 Tc 12 0 0 12 178.7969 638.2192 Tm ( )Tj ET endstream endobj 355 0 obj 8599 endobj 356 0 obj << /Length 357 0 R >> stream /CS104 cs 0 0 0 sc 1 i /RelativeColorimetric ri /GS64 gs BT /TT130 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0294 Tw 12 0 0 12 103.1542 530.9124 Tm [(The land us)5(e change simulations w)8(e)-1(re accom)8(p)1(lished by tw)8(o types of stochastic tran)6(sition )]TJ -0.0002 Tc 0.2502 Tw -1.775 -1.15 Td [(algorithm)8(s)-1( \226 \223expander\224 and \223patcher\224 \226 wh)]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.2479 Tw 19.315 0 Td (ich operate changes through expansion and )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1232 Tw -19.315 -1.15 Td [(diffusion, respectively. These sim)8(u)1(lations were )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.1244 Tw 19.76 0 Td (validated according to)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1195 Tw 9.145 0 Td [( a )-10(m)8(u)1(ltiple resolution)6( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.1646 Tw -28.905 -1.15 Td [(fitting m)8(e)-1(thod \(Constan)5(za, 1989\), and the va)]TJ 0.1638 Tw 18.875 0 Td [(lu)5(es obtained for windows 3x3, 5x5 and 9x9)5( )]TJ 0.0296 Tw -18.875 -1.15 Td (were 0.862682, 0.864872, and 0.864644, respectively for S1, S2, and S3. \ It is observable that )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1095 Tw 0 -1.15 TD [(the land use transitions com)8(p)1(ly with econom)]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.1105 Tw 18.55 0 Td (ic theories of urban growth and change)Tj /TT131 1 Tf 0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 499.8142 461.9124 Tm (, )Tj /TT130 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 12 0 0 12 506.1742 461.9124 Tm (which )Tj 0.0007 Tc 0.0003 Tw -35.36 -1.15 Td [(m)9(axi)-6(m)9(i)-1(ze consum)9(ers\264 and m)9(arkets\264 utilities in)]TJ 0.001 Tc -0.0017 Tw 18.53 0 Td [( te)5(rm)9(s of real s)5(t)-1(ate p)6(r)-1(ic)5(es a)5(nd access)5(i)-1(bility. )]TJ /TT131 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw -18.53 -2.16 Td (7.)Tj /TT132 1 Tf ( )Tj /TT131 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 1.5 0 Td (Conclusions )Tj /TT130 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0024 Tw -1.5 -1.64 Td (Cities are open and non-linear co)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.0045 Tw 13.27 0 Td [(m)8(p)1(lex system)8(s. ANN though proved )]TJ 0.0009 Tc 0.0007 Tw (to have the cap)Tj 0.0007 Tc -0.0007 Tw 20.94 0 Td (ability to )Tj 0.0002 Tc 0.1298 Tw -34.21 -1.15 Td (model non-linear features and handle well the )Tj 0.0001 Tc 19.49 0 Td [(uncertainties of spatial data. ANN h)-5(a)-1(ve two )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.0185 Tw -19.49 -1.15 Td [(m)8(a)-1(in disadvantages: they are black-box devises and )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0198 Tw 21.115 0 Td [(the user\264s intervention is still decisive for)-7( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.0896 Tw -21.115 -1.15 Td (the results quality. Further studies are needed )Tj 0.0897 Tw 19.025 0 Td (to assess the responsiveness of the simulation )Tj 0.0005 Tc -0.0011 Tw -19.025 -1.15 Td [(outputs in)6( face of changes in the type,)6( structur)]TJ 0.0007 Tc -0.0023 Tw 18.47 0 Td [(e an)6(d internal param)9(ete)]TJ 0.0004 Tc -0.0004 Tw 9.35 0 Td [(rs of the network.)5( )]TJ /TT131 1 Tf 0.0007 Tc 0 Tw -27.82 -2.16 Td [(References)5( )]TJ /TT130 1 Tf -0.0011 Tc 0.0146 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 81.8542 303.5724 Tm [(Batty, M; Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, H.; Eichen)-4(, M. Urban)-4( )6(syste)-6(m)10(s as cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata,)]TJ /TT133 1 Tf -0.0022 Tc 0.0157 Tw 29 0 Td [( E)-8(n)-5(vironm)-5(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plan)-5(n)-5(i)6(ng)-5( B)]TJ /TT130 1 Tf 0.0025 Tc 0.011 Tw 12.7605 0 Td [(,)7( v.)7(2)6(4, )6(p.)13( )]TJ -0.0026 Tc -0.0019 Tw -41.7605 -1.1497 Td [(1)-6(59-)-5(164)-6(, 19)-6(97)-6(. )]TJ -0.0018 Tc 0.0811 Tw 0 -1.6467 TD [(Co)-5(n)-5(s)-2(tan)-5(za, R. )6(Mo)-5(d)-5(e)-1(l goo)-5(dn)-5(ess o)-5(f)-4( fit: a )-6(m)10(u)-5(ltip)-5(le reso)-5(lu)-5(tion p)-5(r)2(o)-5(cedu)-5(r)-4(e, )]TJ /TT133 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0817 Tw 28.9461 0 Td [(Eco)-5(log)-5(ica)-5(l Mod)-5(e)4(llin)-5(g)]TJ /TT130 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.0749 Tw 8.7545 0 Td [(, )-6(v)-4(.)3(47)-4(, p)-4(.)-3( 1)-4(99-)-4(215)-4(,)-9( )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0 Tw -37.7006 -1.1437 Td [(1)-4(989)-4(. )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0.062 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, )6(H. )6(Cellu)-4(lar wo)-4(rl)8(ds: a fram)11(ewo)-4(rk for m)11(o)-4(d)-4(ellin)-4(g micro)-4(-)-3(m)11(acro)-4( )6(d)-4(y)2(n)-4(am)11(i)2(cs, )]TJ /TT133 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0.0641 Tw 33.5569 0 Td [(En)-6(viro)-6(nm)-5(en)-6(ta)-6(l and)-6( Plann)-6(ing)-6( )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw -33.5569 -1.1497 Td (A)Tj /TT130 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw [(, v)-4(.)3(1)-4(7)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 58)-4(5-)-4(596)-4(, 19)-4(85)-4(. )]TJ -0.0005 Tc 0.0559 Tw 0 -1.6467 TD [(Dead)-3(m)11(an)-3(,)-2( P.; )6(Brown, R. )6(D.; )6(Gim)11(b)-3(let)-4(t)2(, P. M)8(o)-3(d)-3(elling)-3( )6(rura)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0575 Tw 23.0838 0 Td [(l resid)-5(e)-1(n)-5(tial settle)-7(m)9(e)-1(n)-5(t p)-5(a)-1(tterns with)-5( cellu)-5(lar au)-5(to)-5(m)9(a)-1(ta,)-10( )]TJ /TT133 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc -0.0006 Tw -23.0838 -1.1497 Td [(Jou)5(r)2(n)5(a)-1(l)5( )6(of)5( Env)9(i)5(ron)5(me)9(n)-1(t)5(a)-1(l)5( M)9(a)5(na)5(ge)9(ment)]TJ /TT130 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 15.7784 0 Td [(, )-6( v)-5(.)-3( 37)-5(, p)-5(.)3( )-6(147)-5(-16)-5(0)1(, 1)-5(993)-5(. )]TJ 0.0017 Tc 0.0357 Tw -15.7784 -1.5449 Td [(Fi)4(sher)5(, M)5(. M)5(.;)10( Ab)5(ra)8(hart)4(, R)4(. J)8(. Ne)8(ur)5(oc)8(om)13(put)4(i)4(ng \226)5( t)4(o)5(ol)4(s f)5(o)-1(r )6(geo)5(g)5(r)-1(ap)5(her)5(s)2(. I)5(n)-1(:)4( O)5(p)-1(en)5(sha)8(w)-1(, )6(S.;)4( A)5(b)-1(ra)8(hart)4(, R)10(. J. \(e)8(ds)8(\))5(,)6( )]TJ /TT133 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(G)-5(e)-2(o)-6(c)4(om)-5(pu)-6(ta)-6(ti)6(o)-6(n)]TJ /TT130 1 Tf -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw 6.6527 0 Td [(, )6(N)-5(e)-2(w Yo)-5(rk)-5(:)6( Taylo)-5(r)-5( )6(& Fr)-5(ancis, ch)-5(ap)-5(.8)-5(, p. )6(1)-5(87-)-5(217)-5(, )6(20)-5(00)-5(. )]TJ -0.0013 Tc 0.0028 Tw -6.6527 -1.5449 Td [(Gong)-4(, P. In)-4(tegrated)-4( an)-4(alysis o)-4(f)-4( sp)-4(atial d)-4(a)-1(ta )-6(fro)-4(m)10( )-6(m)10(u)-10(ltip)]TJ -0.0016 Tc 0.0031 Tw 22.2096 0 Td [(le )-6(so)-5(urces: u)-5(s)-2(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( )6(ev)-5(id)-5(en)-5(tial reaso)-5(n)-5(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( an)-5(d)-5( artificial n)-5(e)-1(u)-5(r)-4(al)7( )]TJ 0.0019 Tc 0.0774 Tw -22.2096 -1.1497 Td [(net)4(w)6(or)6(k t)4(ech)5(ni)10(que)9(s f)6(o)-1(r )6(ge)9(ol)4(o)5(g)-1(i)4(cal)4( m)13(a)3(ppi)4(ng,)6( )]TJ /TT133 1 Tf 0.0012 Tc 0.0722 Tw 18.2455 0 Td [(Ph)4(ot)4(o)4(g)-2(ra)4(m)5(m)-1(e)8(t)4(ri)4(c )-6(Engi)10(neeri)4(ng a)4(nd Rem)5(o)-2(t)10(e)2( )-6(Sen)4(s)1(i)4(n)4(g)]TJ /TT130 1 Tf 0.002 Tc 0.0714 Tw 20.8862 0 Td [(, v. 6)5(2)-1(, p. 51)5(3)5(-)]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.003 Tw -39.1317 -1.1437 Td [(5)-4(2)2(3)-4(,)3( 199)-4(6. )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0.0087 Tw 0 -1.5509 TD [(Li, X.; )6(Yeh)-4(,)-3( )6(A. G. Calibration o)-4(f)3( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata b)-4(y)2( u)-4(s)]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0.0054 Tw 22.6527 0 Td [(i)5(n)-1(g)5( ne)9(ural)5( )6(net)5(w)6(or)6(ks )6(fo)5(r t)5(h)-1(e)9( si)5(m)14(u)-7(l)5(a)3(t)5(i)5(on o)5(f c)9(o)-1(m)14(p)-1(lex )6(ur)6(ban)11( )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0 Tw -22.6527 -1.1437 Td [(syste)-6(m)11(s, )]TJ /TT133 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0063 Tw 3.6587 0 Td [(Envi)4(r)8(o)-1(n)5(m)-1(e)9(n)-1(t)4(a)-1(l)4( an)5(d Pl)4(an)5(ni)4(n)5(g)-1( )-6(A)]TJ /TT130 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 12.4491 0 Td [(, v)-5(.)-3( 3)-5(3)1(, p)-5(.)-3( 14)-5(45-)-4(146)-5(2, 2)-5(001)-5(. )]TJ 0 g ET /GS65 gs BT /T1_32 9 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 1 0 0 1 287.492 28.8 Tm (3704)Tj ET q 90 0 0 81.42 200.5361 647.7591 cm /Im40 Do Q 1 0 0 1 -10.4839 544.3588 cm /CS104 CS 0.004 0.004 0.004 SC 1 w 8 M 0 j 1 J []0 d /GS64 gs 85.02 89.24 108 108 re S /GS65 gs q 90 0 0 86.94 94.02 101.3003 cm /Im41 Do Q /GS64 gs 202.02 89.24 108 108 re 319.02 89.24 108 108 re 436.02 89.24 108 108 re S 0.502 0.502 0.502 SC 5.5 w 10 M 1 j 0 J 210.9 103.82 m 300.9 103.82 l S 1 1 1 SC 4 w 210.9 193.82 m 210.9 94.82 l S 5 w 301.02 193.82 m 301.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 10.4839 -544.3588 cm /CS104 cs 0 0 0 sc BT /TT133 1 Tf 0.003 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 288.7961 638.2192 Tm [(b\))13( )]TJ ET /GS65 gs q 90 0 0 85.74 317.5361 643.4392 cm /Im42 Do Q 1 0 0 1 -10.4839 544.3588 cm 0.502 0.502 0.502 SC 5.5 w /GS64 gs 328.02 103.82 m 418.02 103.82 l S 1 1 1 SC 7 w 328.02 193.82 m 328.02 94.82 l S 4.5 w 418.02 193.82 m 418.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 10.4839 -544.3588 cm BT /TT133 1 Tf -0.0007 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 405.7961 638.2192 Tm (c\))Tj /TT130 1 Tf 0 Tc 12 0 0 12 413.4761 638.2192 Tm ( )Tj ET /GS65 gs q 90 0 0 81.42 434.5361 647.7591 cm /Im43 Do Q 1 0 0 1 -10.4839 544.3588 cm 0.502 0.502 0.502 SC 5.5 w /GS64 gs 445.02 103.82 m 535.02 103.82 l S 1 1 1 SC 445.02 193.82 m 445.02 94.82 l S 3.5 w 535.02 193.82 m 535.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 10.4839 -544.3588 cm BT /TT133 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0008 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 513.7961 638.2192 Tm [( )6(d\))]TJ /TT130 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 12 0 0 12 529.576 638.2192 Tm ( )Tj ET 1 0 0 1 -10.4839 544.3588 cm 2 w 94.02 193.82 m 94.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 10.4839 -544.3588 cm BT /TT133 1 Tf -0.0007 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 76.7614 615.6384 Tm (c\))Tj /TT130 1 Tf 0 Tc 12 0 0 12 84.4414 615.6384 Tm ( )Tj /TT133 1 Tf -0.0007 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 171.1169 638.2192 Tm (c\))Tj /TT130 1 Tf 0 Tc 12 0 0 12 178.7969 638.2192 Tm ( )Tj /TT133 1 Tf -0.0007 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 76.7614 615.6384 Tm (c\))Tj /TT130 1 Tf 0 Tc 12 0 0 12 84.4414 615.6384 Tm ( )Tj ET endstream endobj 357 0 obj 8722 endobj 358 0 obj << /Length 359 0 R >> stream /CS110 cs 0 0 0 sc 1 i /RelativeColorimetric ri /GS66 gs BT /TT134 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0294 Tw 12 0 0 12 103.1542 530.9124 Tm [(The land us)5(e change simulations w)8(e)-1(re accom)8(p)1(lished by tw)8(o types of stochastic tran)6(sition )]TJ -0.0002 Tc 0.2502 Tw -1.775 -1.15 Td [(algorithm)8(s)-1( \226 \223expander\224 and \223patcher\224 \226 wh)]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.2479 Tw 19.315 0 Td (ich operate changes through expansion and )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1232 Tw -19.315 -1.15 Td [(diffusion, respectively. These sim)8(u)1(lations were )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.1244 Tw 19.76 0 Td (validated according to)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1195 Tw 9.145 0 Td [( a )-10(m)8(u)1(ltiple resolution)6( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.1646 Tw -28.905 -1.15 Td [(fitting m)8(e)-1(thod \(Constan)5(za, 1989\), and the va)]TJ 0.1638 Tw 18.875 0 Td [(lu)5(es obtained for windows 3x3, 5x5 and 9x9)5( )]TJ 0.0296 Tw -18.875 -1.15 Td (were 0.862682, 0.864872, and 0.864644, respectively for S1, S2, and S3. \ It is observable that )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1095 Tw 0 -1.15 TD [(the land use transitions com)8(p)1(ly with econom)]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.1105 Tw 18.55 0 Td (ic theories of urban growth and change)Tj /TT135 1 Tf 0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 499.8142 461.9124 Tm (, )Tj /TT134 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 12 0 0 12 506.1742 461.9124 Tm (which )Tj 0.0007 Tc 0.0003 Tw -35.36 -1.15 Td [(m)9(axi)-6(m)9(i)-1(ze consum)9(ers\264 and m)9(arkets\264 utilities in)]TJ 0.001 Tc -0.0017 Tw 18.53 0 Td [( te)5(rm)9(s of real s)5(t)-1(ate p)6(r)-1(ic)5(es a)5(nd access)5(i)-1(bility. )]TJ /TT135 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw -18.53 -2.16 Td (7.)Tj /TT136 1 Tf ( )Tj /TT135 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 1.5 0 Td (Conclusions )Tj /TT134 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0024 Tw -1.5 -1.64 Td (Cities are open and non-linear co)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.0045 Tw 13.27 0 Td [(m)8(p)1(lex system)8(s. ANN though proved )]TJ 0.0009 Tc 0.0007 Tw (to have the cap)Tj 0.0007 Tc -0.0007 Tw 20.94 0 Td (ability to )Tj 0.0002 Tc 0.1298 Tw -34.21 -1.15 Td (model non-linear features and handle well the )Tj 0.0001 Tc 19.49 0 Td [(uncertainties of spatial data. ANN h)-5(a)-1(ve two )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.0185 Tw -19.49 -1.15 Td [(m)8(a)-1(in disadvantages: they are black-box devises and )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0198 Tw 21.115 0 Td [(the user\264s intervention is still decisive for)-7( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.0896 Tw -21.115 -1.15 Td (the results quality. Further studies are needed )Tj 0.0897 Tw 19.025 0 Td (to assess the responsiveness of the simulation )Tj 0.0005 Tc -0.0011 Tw -19.025 -1.15 Td [(outputs in)6( face of changes in the type,)6( structur)]TJ 0.0007 Tc -0.0023 Tw 18.47 0 Td [(e an)6(d internal param)9(ete)]TJ 0.0004 Tc -0.0004 Tw 9.35 0 Td [(rs of the network.)5( )]TJ /TT135 1 Tf 0.0007 Tc 0 Tw -27.82 -2.16 Td [(References)5( )]TJ /TT134 1 Tf -0.0011 Tc 0.0146 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 81.8542 303.5724 Tm [(Batty, M; Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, H.; Eichen)-4(, M. Urban)-4( )6(syste)-6(m)10(s as cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata,)]TJ /TT137 1 Tf -0.0022 Tc 0.0157 Tw 29 0 Td [( E)-8(n)-5(vironm)-5(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plan)-5(n)-5(i)6(ng)-5( B)]TJ /TT134 1 Tf 0.0025 Tc 0.011 Tw 12.7605 0 Td [(,)7( v.)7(2)6(4, )6(p.)13( )]TJ -0.0026 Tc -0.0019 Tw -41.7605 -1.1497 Td [(1)-6(59-)-5(164)-6(, 19)-6(97)-6(. )]TJ -0.0018 Tc 0.0811 Tw 0 -1.6467 TD [(Co)-5(n)-5(s)-2(tan)-5(za, R. )6(Mo)-5(d)-5(e)-1(l goo)-5(dn)-5(ess o)-5(f)-4( fit: a )-6(m)10(u)-5(ltip)-5(le reso)-5(lu)-5(tion p)-5(r)2(o)-5(cedu)-5(r)-4(e, )]TJ /TT137 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0817 Tw 28.9461 0 Td [(Eco)-5(log)-5(ica)-5(l Mod)-5(e)4(llin)-5(g)]TJ /TT134 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.0749 Tw 8.7545 0 Td [(, )-6(v)-4(.)3(47)-4(, p)-4(.)-3( 1)-4(99-)-4(215)-4(,)-9( )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0 Tw -37.7006 -1.1437 Td [(1)-4(989)-4(. )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0.062 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, )6(H. )6(Cellu)-4(lar wo)-4(rl)8(ds: a fram)11(ewo)-4(rk for m)11(o)-4(d)-4(ellin)-4(g micro)-4(-)-3(m)11(acro)-4( )6(d)-4(y)2(n)-4(am)11(i)2(cs, )]TJ /TT137 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0.0641 Tw 33.5569 0 Td [(En)-6(viro)-6(nm)-5(en)-6(ta)-6(l and)-6( Plann)-6(ing)-6( )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw -33.5569 -1.1497 Td (A)Tj /TT134 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw [(, v)-4(.)3(1)-4(7)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 58)-4(5-)-4(596)-4(, 19)-4(85)-4(. )]TJ -0.0005 Tc 0.0559 Tw 0 -1.6467 TD [(Dead)-3(m)11(an)-3(,)-2( P.; )6(Brown, R. )6(D.; )6(Gim)11(b)-3(let)-4(t)2(, P. M)8(o)-3(d)-3(elling)-3( )6(rura)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0575 Tw 23.0838 0 Td [(l resid)-5(e)-1(n)-5(tial settle)-7(m)9(e)-1(n)-5(t p)-5(a)-1(tterns with)-5( cellu)-5(lar au)-5(to)-5(m)9(a)-1(ta,)-10( )]TJ /TT137 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc -0.0006 Tw -23.0838 -1.1497 Td [(Jou)5(r)2(n)5(a)-1(l)5( )6(of)5( Env)9(i)5(ron)5(me)9(n)-1(t)5(a)-1(l)5( M)9(a)5(na)5(ge)9(ment)]TJ /TT134 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 15.7784 0 Td [(, )-6( v)-5(.)-3( 37)-5(, p)-5(.)3( )-6(147)-5(-16)-5(0)1(, 1)-5(993)-5(. )]TJ 0.0017 Tc 0.0357 Tw -15.7784 -1.5449 Td [(Fi)4(sher)5(, M)5(. M)5(.;)10( Ab)5(ra)8(hart)4(, R)4(. J)8(. Ne)8(ur)5(oc)8(om)13(put)4(i)4(ng \226)5( t)4(o)5(ol)4(s f)5(o)-1(r )6(geo)5(g)5(r)-1(ap)5(her)5(s)2(. I)5(n)-1(:)4( O)5(p)-1(en)5(sha)8(w)-1(, )6(S.;)4( A)5(b)-1(ra)8(hart)4(, R)10(. J. \(e)8(ds)8(\))5(,)6( )]TJ /TT137 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(G)-5(e)-2(o)-6(c)4(om)-5(pu)-6(ta)-6(ti)6(o)-6(n)]TJ /TT134 1 Tf -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw 6.6527 0 Td [(, )6(N)-5(e)-2(w Yo)-5(rk)-5(:)6( Taylo)-5(r)-5( )6(& Fr)-5(ancis, ch)-5(ap)-5(.8)-5(, p. )6(1)-5(87-)-5(217)-5(, )6(20)-5(00)-5(. )]TJ -0.0013 Tc 0.0028 Tw -6.6527 -1.5449 Td [(Gong)-4(, P. In)-4(tegrated)-4( an)-4(alysis o)-4(f)-4( sp)-4(atial d)-4(a)-1(ta )-6(fro)-4(m)10( )-6(m)10(u)-10(ltip)]TJ -0.0016 Tc 0.0031 Tw 22.2096 0 Td [(le )-6(so)-5(urces: u)-5(s)-2(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( )6(ev)-5(id)-5(en)-5(tial reaso)-5(n)-5(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( an)-5(d)-5( artificial n)-5(e)-1(u)-5(r)-4(al)7( )]TJ 0.0019 Tc 0.0774 Tw -22.2096 -1.1497 Td [(net)4(w)6(or)6(k t)4(ech)5(ni)10(que)9(s f)6(o)-1(r )6(ge)9(ol)4(o)5(g)-1(i)4(cal)4( m)13(a)3(ppi)4(ng,)6( )]TJ /TT137 1 Tf 0.0012 Tc 0.0722 Tw 18.2455 0 Td [(Ph)4(ot)4(o)4(g)-2(ra)4(m)5(m)-1(e)8(t)4(ri)4(c )-6(Engi)10(neeri)4(ng a)4(nd Rem)5(o)-2(t)10(e)2( )-6(Sen)4(s)1(i)4(n)4(g)]TJ /TT134 1 Tf 0.002 Tc 0.0714 Tw 20.8862 0 Td [(, v. 6)5(2)-1(, p. 51)5(3)5(-)]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.003 Tw -39.1317 -1.1437 Td [(5)-4(2)2(3)-4(,)3( 199)-4(6. )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0.0087 Tw 0 -1.5509 TD [(Li, X.; )6(Yeh)-4(,)-3( )6(A. G. Calibration o)-4(f)3( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata b)-4(y)2( u)-4(s)]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0.0054 Tw 22.6527 0 Td [(i)5(n)-1(g)5( ne)9(ural)5( )6(net)5(w)6(or)6(ks )6(fo)5(r t)5(h)-1(e)9( si)5(m)14(u)-7(l)5(a)3(t)5(i)5(on o)5(f c)9(o)-1(m)14(p)-1(lex )6(ur)6(ban)11( )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0 Tw -22.6527 -1.1437 Td [(syste)-6(m)11(s, )]TJ /TT137 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0063 Tw 3.6587 0 Td [(Envi)4(r)8(o)-1(n)5(m)-1(e)9(n)-1(t)4(a)-1(l)4( an)5(d Pl)4(an)5(ni)4(n)5(g)-1( )-6(A)]TJ /TT134 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 12.4491 0 Td [(, v)-5(.)-3( 3)-5(3)1(, p)-5(.)-3( 14)-5(45-)-4(146)-5(2, 2)-5(001)-5(. )]TJ 0 g ET /GS67 gs BT /T1_33 9 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 1 0 0 1 287.492 28.8 Tm (3704)Tj ET q 90 0 0 81.42 200.5361 647.7591 cm /Im44 Do Q 1 0 0 1 -10.4839 544.3588 cm /CS110 CS 0.004 0.004 0.004 SC 1 w 8 M 0 j 1 J []0 d /GS66 gs 85.02 89.24 108 108 re S /GS67 gs q 90 0 0 86.94 94.02 101.3003 cm /Im45 Do Q /GS66 gs 202.02 89.24 108 108 re 319.02 89.24 108 108 re 436.02 89.24 108 108 re S 0.502 0.502 0.502 SC 5.5 w 10 M 1 j 0 J 210.9 103.82 m 300.9 103.82 l S 1 1 1 SC 4 w 210.9 193.82 m 210.9 94.82 l S 5 w 301.02 193.82 m 301.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 10.4839 -544.3588 cm /CS110 cs 0 0 0 sc BT /TT137 1 Tf 0.003 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 288.7961 638.2192 Tm [(b\))13( )]TJ ET /GS67 gs q 90 0 0 85.74 317.5361 643.4392 cm /Im46 Do Q 1 0 0 1 -10.4839 544.3588 cm 0.502 0.502 0.502 SC 5.5 w /GS66 gs 328.02 103.82 m 418.02 103.82 l S 1 1 1 SC 7 w 328.02 193.82 m 328.02 94.82 l S 4.5 w 418.02 193.82 m 418.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 10.4839 -544.3588 cm BT /TT137 1 Tf -0.0007 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 405.7961 638.2192 Tm (c\))Tj /TT134 1 Tf 0 Tc 12 0 0 12 413.4761 638.2192 Tm ( )Tj ET /GS67 gs q 90 0 0 81.42 434.5361 647.7591 cm /Im47 Do Q 1 0 0 1 -10.4839 544.3588 cm 0.502 0.502 0.502 SC 5.5 w /GS66 gs 445.02 103.82 m 535.02 103.82 l S 1 1 1 SC 445.02 193.82 m 445.02 94.82 l S 3.5 w 535.02 193.82 m 535.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 10.4839 -544.3588 cm BT /TT137 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0008 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 513.7961 638.2192 Tm [( )6(d\))]TJ /TT134 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 12 0 0 12 529.576 638.2192 Tm ( )Tj ET 1 0 0 1 -10.4839 544.3588 cm 2 w 94.02 193.82 m 94.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 10.4839 -544.3588 cm BT /TT137 1 Tf -0.0007 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 76.7614 615.6384 Tm (c\))Tj /TT134 1 Tf 0 Tc 12 0 0 12 84.4414 615.6384 Tm ( )Tj /TT137 1 Tf -0.0007 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 171.1169 638.2192 Tm (c\))Tj /TT134 1 Tf 0 Tc 12 0 0 12 178.7969 638.2192 Tm ( )Tj /TT137 1 Tf -0.0007 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 76.7614 614.6384 Tm (c\))Tj /TT134 1 Tf 0 Tc 12 0 0 12 84.4414 614.6384 Tm ( )Tj ET endstream endobj 359 0 obj 8722 endobj 360 0 obj << /Length 361 0 R >> stream /CS116 cs 0 0 0 sc 1 i /RelativeColorimetric ri /GS68 gs BT /TT138 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0294 Tw 12 0 0 12 103.1542 530.9124 Tm [(The land us)5(e change simulations w)8(e)-1(re accom)8(p)1(lished by tw)8(o types of stochastic tran)6(sition )]TJ -0.0002 Tc 0.2502 Tw -1.775 -1.15 Td [(algorithm)8(s)-1( \226 \223expander\224 and \223patcher\224 \226 wh)]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.2479 Tw 19.315 0 Td (ich operate changes through expansion and )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1232 Tw -19.315 -1.15 Td [(diffusion, respectively. These sim)8(u)1(lations were )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.1244 Tw 19.76 0 Td (validated according to)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1195 Tw 9.145 0 Td [( a )-10(m)8(u)1(ltiple resolution)6( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.1646 Tw -28.905 -1.15 Td [(fitting m)8(e)-1(thod \(Constan)5(za, 1989\), and the va)]TJ 0.1638 Tw 18.875 0 Td [(lu)5(es obtained for windows 3x3, 5x5 and 9x9)5( )]TJ 0.0296 Tw -18.875 -1.15 Td (were 0.862682, 0.864872, and 0.864644, respectively for S1, S2, and S3. \ It is observable that )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1095 Tw 0 -1.15 TD [(the land use transitions com)8(p)1(ly with econom)]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.1105 Tw 18.55 0 Td (ic theories of urban growth and change)Tj /TT139 1 Tf 0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 499.8142 461.9124 Tm (, )Tj /TT138 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 12 0 0 12 506.1742 461.9124 Tm (which )Tj 0.0007 Tc 0.0003 Tw -35.36 -1.15 Td [(m)9(axi)-6(m)9(i)-1(ze consum)9(ers\264 and m)9(arkets\264 utilities in)]TJ 0.001 Tc -0.0017 Tw 18.53 0 Td [( te)5(rm)9(s of real s)5(t)-1(ate p)6(r)-1(ic)5(es a)5(nd access)5(i)-1(bility. )]TJ /TT139 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw -18.53 -2.16 Td (7.)Tj /TT140 1 Tf ( )Tj /TT139 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 1.5 0 Td (Conclusions )Tj /TT138 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0024 Tw -1.5 -1.64 Td (Cities are open and non-linear co)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.0045 Tw 13.27 0 Td [(m)8(p)1(lex system)8(s. ANN though proved )]TJ 0.0009 Tc 0.0007 Tw (to have the cap)Tj 0.0007 Tc -0.0007 Tw 20.94 0 Td (ability to )Tj 0.0002 Tc 0.1298 Tw -34.21 -1.15 Td (model non-linear features and handle well the )Tj 0.0001 Tc 19.49 0 Td [(uncertainties of spatial data. ANN h)-5(a)-1(ve two )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.0185 Tw -19.49 -1.15 Td [(m)8(a)-1(in disadvantages: they are black-box devises and )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0198 Tw 21.115 0 Td [(the user\264s intervention is still decisive for)-7( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.0896 Tw -21.115 -1.15 Td (the results quality. Further studies are needed )Tj 0.0897 Tw 19.025 0 Td (to assess the responsiveness of the simulation )Tj 0.0005 Tc -0.0011 Tw -19.025 -1.15 Td [(outputs in)6( face of changes in the type,)6( structur)]TJ 0.0007 Tc -0.0023 Tw 18.47 0 Td [(e an)6(d internal param)9(ete)]TJ 0.0004 Tc -0.0004 Tw 9.35 0 Td [(rs of the network.)5( )]TJ /TT139 1 Tf 0.0007 Tc 0 Tw -27.82 -2.16 Td [(References)5( )]TJ /TT138 1 Tf -0.0011 Tc 0.0146 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 81.8542 303.5724 Tm [(Batty, M; Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, H.; Eichen)-4(, M. Urban)-4( )6(syste)-6(m)10(s as cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata,)]TJ /TT141 1 Tf -0.0022 Tc 0.0157 Tw 29 0 Td [( E)-8(n)-5(vironm)-5(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plan)-5(n)-5(i)6(ng)-5( B)]TJ /TT138 1 Tf 0.0025 Tc 0.011 Tw 12.7605 0 Td [(,)7( v.)7(2)6(4, )6(p.)13( )]TJ -0.0026 Tc -0.0019 Tw -41.7605 -1.1497 Td [(1)-6(59-)-5(164)-6(, 19)-6(97)-6(. )]TJ -0.0018 Tc 0.0811 Tw 0 -1.6467 TD [(Co)-5(n)-5(s)-2(tan)-5(za, R. )6(Mo)-5(d)-5(e)-1(l goo)-5(dn)-5(ess o)-5(f)-4( fit: a )-6(m)10(u)-5(ltip)-5(le reso)-5(lu)-5(tion p)-5(r)2(o)-5(cedu)-5(r)-4(e, )]TJ /TT141 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0817 Tw 28.9461 0 Td [(Eco)-5(log)-5(ica)-5(l Mod)-5(e)4(llin)-5(g)]TJ /TT138 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.0749 Tw 8.7545 0 Td [(, )-6(v)-4(.)3(47)-4(, p)-4(.)-3( 1)-4(99-)-4(215)-4(,)-9( )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0 Tw -37.7006 -1.1437 Td [(1)-4(989)-4(. )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0.062 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, )6(H. )6(Cellu)-4(lar wo)-4(rl)8(ds: a fram)11(ewo)-4(rk for m)11(o)-4(d)-4(ellin)-4(g micro)-4(-)-3(m)11(acro)-4( )6(d)-4(y)2(n)-4(am)11(i)2(cs, )]TJ /TT141 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0.0641 Tw 33.5569 0 Td [(En)-6(viro)-6(nm)-5(en)-6(ta)-6(l and)-6( Plann)-6(ing)-6( )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw -33.5569 -1.1497 Td (A)Tj /TT138 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw [(, v)-4(.)3(1)-4(7)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 58)-4(5-)-4(596)-4(, 19)-4(85)-4(. )]TJ -0.0005 Tc 0.0559 Tw 0 -1.6467 TD [(Dead)-3(m)11(an)-3(,)-2( P.; )6(Brown, R. )6(D.; )6(Gim)11(b)-3(let)-4(t)2(, P. M)8(o)-3(d)-3(elling)-3( )6(rura)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0575 Tw 23.0838 0 Td [(l resid)-5(e)-1(n)-5(tial settle)-7(m)9(e)-1(n)-5(t p)-5(a)-1(tterns with)-5( cellu)-5(lar au)-5(to)-5(m)9(a)-1(ta,)-10( )]TJ /TT141 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc -0.0006 Tw -23.0838 -1.1497 Td [(Jou)5(r)2(n)5(a)-1(l)5( )6(of)5( Env)9(i)5(ron)5(me)9(n)-1(t)5(a)-1(l)5( M)9(a)5(na)5(ge)9(ment)]TJ /TT138 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 15.7784 0 Td [(, )-6( v)-5(.)-3( 37)-5(, p)-5(.)3( )-6(147)-5(-16)-5(0)1(, 1)-5(993)-5(. )]TJ 0.0017 Tc 0.0357 Tw -15.7784 -1.5449 Td [(Fi)4(sher)5(, M)5(. M)5(.;)10( Ab)5(ra)8(hart)4(, R)4(. J)8(. Ne)8(ur)5(oc)8(om)13(put)4(i)4(ng \226)5( t)4(o)5(ol)4(s f)5(o)-1(r )6(geo)5(g)5(r)-1(ap)5(her)5(s)2(. I)5(n)-1(:)4( O)5(p)-1(en)5(sha)8(w)-1(, )6(S.;)4( A)5(b)-1(ra)8(hart)4(, R)10(. J. \(e)8(ds)8(\))5(,)6( )]TJ /TT141 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(G)-5(e)-2(o)-6(c)4(om)-5(pu)-6(ta)-6(ti)6(o)-6(n)]TJ /TT138 1 Tf -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw 6.6527 0 Td [(, )6(N)-5(e)-2(w Yo)-5(rk)-5(:)6( Taylo)-5(r)-5( )6(& Fr)-5(ancis, ch)-5(ap)-5(.8)-5(, p. )6(1)-5(87-)-5(217)-5(, )6(20)-5(00)-5(. )]TJ -0.0013 Tc 0.0028 Tw -6.6527 -1.5449 Td [(Gong)-4(, P. In)-4(tegrated)-4( an)-4(alysis o)-4(f)-4( sp)-4(atial d)-4(a)-1(ta )-6(fro)-4(m)10( )-6(m)10(u)-10(ltip)]TJ -0.0016 Tc 0.0031 Tw 22.2096 0 Td [(le )-6(so)-5(urces: u)-5(s)-2(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( )6(ev)-5(id)-5(en)-5(tial reaso)-5(n)-5(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( an)-5(d)-5( artificial n)-5(e)-1(u)-5(r)-4(al)7( )]TJ 0.0019 Tc 0.0774 Tw -22.2096 -1.1497 Td [(net)4(w)6(or)6(k t)4(ech)5(ni)10(que)9(s f)6(o)-1(r )6(ge)9(ol)4(o)5(g)-1(i)4(cal)4( m)13(a)3(ppi)4(ng,)6( )]TJ /TT141 1 Tf 0.0012 Tc 0.0722 Tw 18.2455 0 Td [(Ph)4(ot)4(o)4(g)-2(ra)4(m)5(m)-1(e)8(t)4(ri)4(c )-6(Engi)10(neeri)4(ng a)4(nd Rem)5(o)-2(t)10(e)2( )-6(Sen)4(s)1(i)4(n)4(g)]TJ /TT138 1 Tf 0.002 Tc 0.0714 Tw 20.8862 0 Td [(, v. 6)5(2)-1(, p. 51)5(3)5(-)]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.003 Tw -39.1317 -1.1437 Td [(5)-4(2)2(3)-4(,)3( 199)-4(6. )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0.0087 Tw 0 -1.5509 TD [(Li, X.; )6(Yeh)-4(,)-3( )6(A. G. Calibration o)-4(f)3( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata b)-4(y)2( u)-4(s)]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0.0054 Tw 22.6527 0 Td [(i)5(n)-1(g)5( ne)9(ural)5( )6(net)5(w)6(or)6(ks )6(fo)5(r t)5(h)-1(e)9( si)5(m)14(u)-7(l)5(a)3(t)5(i)5(on o)5(f c)9(o)-1(m)14(p)-1(lex )6(ur)6(ban)11( )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0 Tw -22.6527 -1.1437 Td [(syste)-6(m)11(s, )]TJ /TT141 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0063 Tw 3.6587 0 Td [(Envi)4(r)8(o)-1(n)5(m)-1(e)9(n)-1(t)4(a)-1(l)4( an)5(d Pl)4(an)5(ni)4(n)5(g)-1( )-6(A)]TJ /TT138 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 12.4491 0 Td [(, v)-5(.)-3( 3)-5(3)1(, p)-5(.)-3( 14)-5(45-)-4(146)-5(2, 2)-5(001)-5(. )]TJ 0 g ET /GS69 gs BT /T1_34 9 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 1 0 0 1 287.492 28.8 Tm (3704)Tj ET q 90 0 0 81.42 200.5361 647.7591 cm /Im48 Do Q 1 0 0 1 -10.4839 544.3588 cm /CS116 CS 0.004 0.004 0.004 SC 1 w 8 M 0 j 1 J []0 d /GS68 gs 85.02 89.24 108 108 re S /GS69 gs q 90 0 0 86.94 94.02 101.3003 cm /Im49 Do Q /GS68 gs 202.02 89.24 108 108 re 319.02 89.24 108 108 re 436.02 89.24 108 108 re S 0.502 0.502 0.502 SC 5.5 w 10 M 1 j 0 J 210.9 103.82 m 300.9 103.82 l S 1 1 1 SC 4 w 210.9 193.82 m 210.9 94.82 l S 5 w 301.02 193.82 m 301.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 10.4839 -544.3588 cm /CS116 cs 0 0 0 sc BT /TT141 1 Tf 0.003 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 288.7961 638.2192 Tm [(b\))13( )]TJ ET /GS69 gs q 90 0 0 85.74 317.5361 643.4392 cm /Im50 Do Q 1 0 0 1 -10.4839 544.3588 cm 0.502 0.502 0.502 SC 5.5 w /GS68 gs 328.02 103.82 m 418.02 103.82 l S 1 1 1 SC 7 w 328.02 193.82 m 328.02 94.82 l S 4.5 w 418.02 193.82 m 418.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 10.4839 -544.3588 cm BT /TT141 1 Tf -0.0007 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 405.7961 638.2192 Tm (c\))Tj /TT138 1 Tf 0 Tc 12 0 0 12 413.4761 638.2192 Tm ( )Tj ET /GS69 gs q 90 0 0 81.42 434.5361 647.7591 cm /Im51 Do Q 1 0 0 1 -10.4839 544.3588 cm 0.502 0.502 0.502 SC 5.5 w /GS68 gs 445.02 103.82 m 535.02 103.82 l S 1 1 1 SC 445.02 193.82 m 445.02 94.82 l S 3.5 w 535.02 193.82 m 535.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 10.4839 -544.3588 cm BT /TT141 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0008 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 513.7961 638.2192 Tm [( )6(d\))]TJ /TT138 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 12 0 0 12 529.576 638.2192 Tm ( )Tj ET 1 0 0 1 -10.4839 544.3588 cm 2 w 94.02 193.82 m 94.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 10.4839 -544.3588 cm BT /TT141 1 Tf -0.0007 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 76.7614 615.6384 Tm (c\))Tj /TT138 1 Tf 0 Tc 12 0 0 12 84.4414 615.6384 Tm ( )Tj /TT141 1 Tf -0.0007 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 171.1169 638.2192 Tm (c\))Tj /TT138 1 Tf 0 Tc 12 0 0 12 178.7969 638.2192 Tm ( )Tj /TT141 1 Tf -0.0007 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 76.7614 613.6384 Tm (c\))Tj /TT138 1 Tf 0 Tc 12 0 0 12 84.4414 613.6384 Tm ( )Tj ET endstream endobj 361 0 obj 8722 endobj 362 0 obj << /Length 363 0 R >> stream /CS122 cs 0 0 0 sc 1 i /RelativeColorimetric ri /GS70 gs BT /TT142 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0294 Tw 12 0 0 12 103.1542 530.9124 Tm [(The land us)5(e change simulations w)8(e)-1(re accom)8(p)1(lished by tw)8(o types of stochastic tran)6(sition )]TJ -0.0002 Tc 0.2502 Tw -1.775 -1.15 Td [(algorithm)8(s)-1( \226 \223expander\224 and \223patcher\224 \226 wh)]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.2479 Tw 19.315 0 Td (ich operate changes through expansion and )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1232 Tw -19.315 -1.15 Td [(diffusion, respectively. These sim)8(u)1(lations were )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.1244 Tw 19.76 0 Td (validated according to)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1195 Tw 9.145 0 Td [( a )-10(m)8(u)1(ltiple resolution)6( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.1646 Tw -28.905 -1.15 Td [(fitting m)8(e)-1(thod \(Constan)5(za, 1989\), and the va)]TJ 0.1638 Tw 18.875 0 Td [(lu)5(es obtained for windows 3x3, 5x5 and 9x9)5( )]TJ 0.0296 Tw -18.875 -1.15 Td (were 0.862682, 0.864872, and 0.864644, respectively for S1, S2, and S3. \ It is observable that )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1095 Tw 0 -1.15 TD [(the land use transitions com)8(p)1(ly with econom)]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.1105 Tw 18.55 0 Td (ic theories of urban growth and change)Tj /TT143 1 Tf 0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 499.8142 461.9124 Tm (, )Tj /TT142 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 12 0 0 12 506.1742 461.9124 Tm (which )Tj 0.0007 Tc 0.0003 Tw -35.36 -1.15 Td [(m)9(axi)-6(m)9(i)-1(ze consum)9(ers\264 and m)9(arkets\264 utilities in)]TJ 0.001 Tc -0.0017 Tw 18.53 0 Td [( te)5(rm)9(s of real s)5(t)-1(ate p)6(r)-1(ic)5(es a)5(nd access)5(i)-1(bility. )]TJ /TT143 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw -18.53 -2.16 Td (7.)Tj /TT144 1 Tf ( )Tj /TT143 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 1.5 0 Td (Conclusions )Tj /TT142 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0024 Tw -1.5 -1.64 Td (Cities are open and non-linear co)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.0045 Tw 13.27 0 Td [(m)8(p)1(lex system)8(s. ANN though proved )]TJ 0.0009 Tc 0.0007 Tw (to have the cap)Tj 0.0007 Tc -0.0007 Tw 20.94 0 Td (ability to )Tj 0.0002 Tc 0.1298 Tw -34.21 -1.15 Td (model non-linear features and handle well the )Tj 0.0001 Tc 19.49 0 Td [(uncertainties of spatial data. ANN h)-5(a)-1(ve two )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.0185 Tw -19.49 -1.15 Td [(m)8(a)-1(in disadvantages: they are black-box devises and )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0198 Tw 21.115 0 Td [(the user\264s intervention is still decisive for)-7( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.0896 Tw -21.115 -1.15 Td (the results quality. Further studies are needed )Tj 0.0897 Tw 19.025 0 Td (to assess the responsiveness of the simulation )Tj 0.0005 Tc -0.0011 Tw -19.025 -1.15 Td [(outputs in)6( face of changes in the type,)6( structur)]TJ 0.0007 Tc -0.0023 Tw 18.47 0 Td [(e an)6(d internal param)9(ete)]TJ 0.0004 Tc -0.0004 Tw 9.35 0 Td [(rs of the network.)5( )]TJ /TT143 1 Tf 0.0007 Tc 0 Tw -27.82 -2.16 Td [(References)5( )]TJ /TT142 1 Tf -0.0011 Tc 0.0146 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 81.8542 303.5724 Tm [(Batty, M; Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, H.; Eichen)-4(, M. Urban)-4( )6(syste)-6(m)10(s as cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata,)]TJ /TT145 1 Tf -0.0022 Tc 0.0157 Tw 29 0 Td [( E)-8(n)-5(vironm)-5(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plan)-5(n)-5(i)6(ng)-5( B)]TJ /TT142 1 Tf 0.0025 Tc 0.011 Tw 12.7605 0 Td [(,)7( v.)7(2)6(4, )6(p.)13( )]TJ -0.0026 Tc -0.0019 Tw -41.7605 -1.1497 Td [(1)-6(59-)-5(164)-6(, 19)-6(97)-6(. )]TJ -0.0018 Tc 0.0811 Tw 0 -1.6467 TD [(Co)-5(n)-5(s)-2(tan)-5(za, R. )6(Mo)-5(d)-5(e)-1(l goo)-5(dn)-5(ess o)-5(f)-4( fit: a )-6(m)10(u)-5(ltip)-5(le reso)-5(lu)-5(tion p)-5(r)2(o)-5(cedu)-5(r)-4(e, )]TJ /TT145 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0817 Tw 28.9461 0 Td [(Eco)-5(log)-5(ica)-5(l Mod)-5(e)4(llin)-5(g)]TJ /TT142 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.0749 Tw 8.7545 0 Td [(, )-6(v)-4(.)3(47)-4(, p)-4(.)-3( 1)-4(99-)-4(215)-4(,)-9( )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0 Tw -37.7006 -1.1437 Td [(1)-4(989)-4(. )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0.062 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, )6(H. )6(Cellu)-4(lar wo)-4(rl)8(ds: a fram)11(ewo)-4(rk for m)11(o)-4(d)-4(ellin)-4(g micro)-4(-)-3(m)11(acro)-4( )6(d)-4(y)2(n)-4(am)11(i)2(cs, )]TJ /TT145 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0.0641 Tw 33.5569 0 Td [(En)-6(viro)-6(nm)-5(en)-6(ta)-6(l and)-6( Plann)-6(ing)-6( )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw -33.5569 -1.1497 Td (A)Tj /TT142 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw [(, v)-4(.)3(1)-4(7)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 58)-4(5-)-4(596)-4(, 19)-4(85)-4(. )]TJ -0.0005 Tc 0.0559 Tw 0 -1.6467 TD [(Dead)-3(m)11(an)-3(,)-2( P.; )6(Brown, R. )6(D.; )6(Gim)11(b)-3(let)-4(t)2(, P. M)8(o)-3(d)-3(elling)-3( )6(rura)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0575 Tw 23.0838 0 Td [(l resid)-5(e)-1(n)-5(tial settle)-7(m)9(e)-1(n)-5(t p)-5(a)-1(tterns with)-5( cellu)-5(lar au)-5(to)-5(m)9(a)-1(ta,)-10( )]TJ /TT145 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc -0.0006 Tw -23.0838 -1.1497 Td [(Jou)5(r)2(n)5(a)-1(l)5( )6(of)5( Env)9(i)5(ron)5(me)9(n)-1(t)5(a)-1(l)5( M)9(a)5(na)5(ge)9(ment)]TJ /TT142 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 15.7784 0 Td [(, )-6( v)-5(.)-3( 37)-5(, p)-5(.)3( )-6(147)-5(-16)-5(0)1(, 1)-5(993)-5(. )]TJ 0.0017 Tc 0.0357 Tw -15.7784 -1.5449 Td [(Fi)4(sher)5(, M)5(. M)5(.;)10( Ab)5(ra)8(hart)4(, R)4(. J)8(. Ne)8(ur)5(oc)8(om)13(put)4(i)4(ng \226)5( t)4(o)5(ol)4(s f)5(o)-1(r )6(geo)5(g)5(r)-1(ap)5(her)5(s)2(. I)5(n)-1(:)4( O)5(p)-1(en)5(sha)8(w)-1(, )6(S.;)4( A)5(b)-1(ra)8(hart)4(, R)10(. J. \(e)8(ds)8(\))5(,)6( )]TJ /TT145 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(G)-5(e)-2(o)-6(c)4(om)-5(pu)-6(ta)-6(ti)6(o)-6(n)]TJ /TT142 1 Tf -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw 6.6527 0 Td [(, )6(N)-5(e)-2(w Yo)-5(rk)-5(:)6( Taylo)-5(r)-5( )6(& Fr)-5(ancis, ch)-5(ap)-5(.8)-5(, p. )6(1)-5(87-)-5(217)-5(, )6(20)-5(00)-5(. )]TJ -0.0013 Tc 0.0028 Tw -6.6527 -1.5449 Td [(Gong)-4(, P. In)-4(tegrated)-4( an)-4(alysis o)-4(f)-4( sp)-4(atial d)-4(a)-1(ta )-6(fro)-4(m)10( )-6(m)10(u)-10(ltip)]TJ -0.0016 Tc 0.0031 Tw 22.2096 0 Td [(le )-6(so)-5(urces: u)-5(s)-2(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( )6(ev)-5(id)-5(en)-5(tial reaso)-5(n)-5(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( an)-5(d)-5( artificial n)-5(e)-1(u)-5(r)-4(al)7( )]TJ 0.0019 Tc 0.0774 Tw -22.2096 -1.1497 Td [(net)4(w)6(or)6(k t)4(ech)5(ni)10(que)9(s f)6(o)-1(r )6(ge)9(ol)4(o)5(g)-1(i)4(cal)4( m)13(a)3(ppi)4(ng,)6( )]TJ /TT145 1 Tf 0.0012 Tc 0.0722 Tw 18.2455 0 Td [(Ph)4(ot)4(o)4(g)-2(ra)4(m)5(m)-1(e)8(t)4(ri)4(c )-6(Engi)10(neeri)4(ng a)4(nd Rem)5(o)-2(t)10(e)2( )-6(Sen)4(s)1(i)4(n)4(g)]TJ /TT142 1 Tf 0.002 Tc 0.0714 Tw 20.8862 0 Td [(, v. 6)5(2)-1(, p. 51)5(3)5(-)]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.003 Tw -39.1317 -1.1437 Td [(5)-4(2)2(3)-4(,)3( 199)-4(6. )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0.0087 Tw 0 -1.5509 TD [(Li, X.; )6(Yeh)-4(,)-3( )6(A. G. Calibration o)-4(f)3( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata b)-4(y)2( u)-4(s)]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0.0054 Tw 22.6527 0 Td [(i)5(n)-1(g)5( ne)9(ural)5( )6(net)5(w)6(or)6(ks )6(fo)5(r t)5(h)-1(e)9( si)5(m)14(u)-7(l)5(a)3(t)5(i)5(on o)5(f c)9(o)-1(m)14(p)-1(lex )6(ur)6(ban)11( )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0 Tw -22.6527 -1.1437 Td [(syste)-6(m)11(s, )]TJ /TT145 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0063 Tw 3.6587 0 Td [(Envi)4(r)8(o)-1(n)5(m)-1(e)9(n)-1(t)4(a)-1(l)4( an)5(d Pl)4(an)5(ni)4(n)5(g)-1( )-6(A)]TJ /TT142 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 12.4491 0 Td [(, v)-5(.)-3( 3)-5(3)1(, p)-5(.)-3( 14)-5(45-)-4(146)-5(2, 2)-5(001)-5(. )]TJ 0 g ET /GS71 gs BT /T1_35 9 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 1 0 0 1 287.492 28.8 Tm (3704)Tj ET q 90 0 0 81.42 200.5361 647.7591 cm /Im52 Do Q 1 0 0 1 -10.4839 544.3588 cm /CS122 CS 0.004 0.004 0.004 SC 1 w 8 M 0 j 1 J []0 d /GS70 gs 85.02 89.24 108 108 re S /GS71 gs q 90 0 0 86.94 94.02 101.3003 cm /Im53 Do Q /GS70 gs 202.02 89.24 108 108 re 319.02 89.24 108 108 re 436.02 89.24 108 108 re S 0.502 0.502 0.502 SC 5.5 w 10 M 1 j 0 J 210.9 103.82 m 300.9 103.82 l S 1 1 1 SC 4 w 210.9 193.82 m 210.9 94.82 l S 5 w 301.02 193.82 m 301.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 10.4839 -544.3588 cm /CS122 cs 0 0 0 sc BT /TT145 1 Tf 0.003 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 288.7961 638.2192 Tm [(b\))13( )]TJ ET /GS71 gs q 90 0 0 85.74 317.5361 643.4392 cm /Im54 Do Q 1 0 0 1 -10.4839 544.3588 cm 0.502 0.502 0.502 SC 5.5 w /GS70 gs 328.02 103.82 m 418.02 103.82 l S 1 1 1 SC 7 w 328.02 193.82 m 328.02 94.82 l S 4.5 w 418.02 193.82 m 418.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 10.4839 -544.3588 cm BT /TT145 1 Tf -0.0007 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 405.7961 638.2192 Tm (c\))Tj /TT142 1 Tf 0 Tc 12 0 0 12 413.4761 638.2192 Tm ( )Tj ET /GS71 gs q 90 0 0 81.42 434.5361 647.7591 cm /Im55 Do Q 1 0 0 1 -10.4839 544.3588 cm 0.502 0.502 0.502 SC 5.5 w /GS70 gs 445.02 103.82 m 535.02 103.82 l S 1 1 1 SC 445.02 193.82 m 445.02 94.82 l S 3.5 w 535.02 193.82 m 535.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 10.4839 -544.3588 cm BT /TT145 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0008 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 513.7961 638.2192 Tm [( )6(d\))]TJ /TT142 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 12 0 0 12 529.576 638.2192 Tm ( )Tj ET 1 0 0 1 -10.4839 544.3588 cm 2 w 94.02 193.82 m 94.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 10.4839 -544.3588 cm BT /TT145 1 Tf -0.0007 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 76.7614 615.6384 Tm (c\))Tj /TT142 1 Tf 0 Tc 12 0 0 12 84.4414 615.6384 Tm ( )Tj /TT145 1 Tf -0.0007 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 171.1169 638.2192 Tm (c\))Tj /TT142 1 Tf 0 Tc 12 0 0 12 178.7969 638.2192 Tm ( )Tj /TT145 1 Tf -0.0007 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 76.7614 612.6384 Tm (c\))Tj /TT142 1 Tf 0 Tc 12 0 0 12 84.4414 612.6384 Tm ( )Tj ET endstream endobj 363 0 obj 8722 endobj 364 0 obj << /Length 365 0 R >> stream /CS128 cs 0 0 0 sc 1 i /RelativeColorimetric ri /GS72 gs BT /TT146 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0294 Tw 12 0 0 12 103.1542 530.9124 Tm [(The land us)5(e change simulations w)8(e)-1(re accom)8(p)1(lished by tw)8(o types of stochastic tran)6(sition )]TJ -0.0002 Tc 0.2502 Tw -1.775 -1.15 Td [(algorithm)8(s)-1( \226 \223expander\224 and \223patcher\224 \226 wh)]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.2479 Tw 19.315 0 Td (ich operate changes through expansion and )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1232 Tw -19.315 -1.15 Td [(diffusion, respectively. These sim)8(u)1(lations were )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.1244 Tw 19.76 0 Td (validated according to)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1195 Tw 9.145 0 Td [( a )-10(m)8(u)1(ltiple resolution)6( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.1646 Tw -28.905 -1.15 Td [(fitting m)8(e)-1(thod \(Constan)5(za, 1989\), and the va)]TJ 0.1638 Tw 18.875 0 Td [(lu)5(es obtained for windows 3x3, 5x5 and 9x9)5( )]TJ 0.0296 Tw -18.875 -1.15 Td (were 0.862682, 0.864872, and 0.864644, respectively for S1, S2, and S3. \ It is observable that )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1095 Tw 0 -1.15 TD [(the land use transitions com)8(p)1(ly with econom)]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.1105 Tw 18.55 0 Td (ic theories of urban growth and change)Tj /TT147 1 Tf 0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 499.8142 461.9124 Tm (, )Tj /TT146 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 12 0 0 12 506.1742 461.9124 Tm (which )Tj 0.0007 Tc 0.0003 Tw -35.36 -1.15 Td [(m)9(axi)-6(m)9(i)-1(ze consum)9(ers\264 and m)9(arkets\264 utilities in)]TJ 0.001 Tc -0.0017 Tw 18.53 0 Td [( te)5(rm)9(s of real s)5(t)-1(ate p)6(r)-1(ic)5(es a)5(nd access)5(i)-1(bility. )]TJ /TT147 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw -18.53 -2.16 Td (7.)Tj /TT148 1 Tf ( )Tj /TT147 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 1.5 0 Td (Conclusions )Tj /TT146 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0024 Tw -1.5 -1.64 Td (Cities are open and non-linear co)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.0045 Tw 13.27 0 Td [(m)8(p)1(lex system)8(s. ANN though proved )]TJ 0.0009 Tc 0.0007 Tw (to have the cap)Tj 0.0007 Tc -0.0007 Tw 20.94 0 Td (ability to )Tj 0.0002 Tc 0.1298 Tw -34.21 -1.15 Td (model non-linear features and handle well the )Tj 0.0001 Tc 19.49 0 Td [(uncertainties of spatial data. ANN h)-5(a)-1(ve two )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.0185 Tw -19.49 -1.15 Td [(m)8(a)-1(in disadvantages: they are black-box devises and )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0198 Tw 21.115 0 Td [(the user\264s intervention is still decisive for)-7( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.0896 Tw -21.115 -1.15 Td (the results quality. Further studies are needed )Tj 0.0897 Tw 19.025 0 Td (to assess the responsiveness of the simulation )Tj 0.0005 Tc -0.0011 Tw -19.025 -1.15 Td [(outputs in)6( face of changes in the type,)6( structur)]TJ 0.0007 Tc -0.0023 Tw 18.47 0 Td [(e an)6(d internal param)9(ete)]TJ 0.0004 Tc -0.0004 Tw 9.35 0 Td [(rs of the network.)5( )]TJ /TT147 1 Tf 0.0007 Tc 0 Tw -27.82 -2.16 Td [(References)5( )]TJ /TT146 1 Tf -0.0011 Tc 0.0146 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 81.8542 303.5724 Tm [(Batty, M; Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, H.; Eichen)-4(, M. Urban)-4( )6(syste)-6(m)10(s as cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata,)]TJ /TT149 1 Tf -0.0022 Tc 0.0157 Tw 29 0 Td [( E)-8(n)-5(vironm)-5(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plan)-5(n)-5(i)6(ng)-5( B)]TJ /TT146 1 Tf 0.0025 Tc 0.011 Tw 12.7605 0 Td [(,)7( v.)7(2)6(4, )6(p.)13( )]TJ -0.0026 Tc -0.0019 Tw -41.7605 -1.1497 Td [(1)-6(59-)-5(164)-6(, 19)-6(97)-6(. )]TJ -0.0018 Tc 0.0811 Tw 0 -1.6467 TD [(Co)-5(n)-5(s)-2(tan)-5(za, R. )6(Mo)-5(d)-5(e)-1(l goo)-5(dn)-5(ess o)-5(f)-4( fit: a )-6(m)10(u)-5(ltip)-5(le reso)-5(lu)-5(tion p)-5(r)2(o)-5(cedu)-5(r)-4(e, )]TJ /TT149 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0817 Tw 28.9461 0 Td [(Eco)-5(log)-5(ica)-5(l Mod)-5(e)4(llin)-5(g)]TJ /TT146 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.0749 Tw 8.7545 0 Td [(, )-6(v)-4(.)3(47)-4(, p)-4(.)-3( 1)-4(99-)-4(215)-4(,)-9( )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0 Tw -37.7006 -1.1437 Td [(1)-4(989)-4(. )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0.062 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, )6(H. )6(Cellu)-4(lar wo)-4(rl)8(ds: a fram)11(ewo)-4(rk for m)11(o)-4(d)-4(ellin)-4(g micro)-4(-)-3(m)11(acro)-4( )6(d)-4(y)2(n)-4(am)11(i)2(cs, )]TJ /TT149 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0.0641 Tw 33.5569 0 Td [(En)-6(viro)-6(nm)-5(en)-6(ta)-6(l and)-6( Plann)-6(ing)-6( )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw -33.5569 -1.1497 Td (A)Tj /TT146 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw [(, v)-4(.)3(1)-4(7)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 58)-4(5-)-4(596)-4(, 19)-4(85)-4(. )]TJ -0.0005 Tc 0.0559 Tw 0 -1.6467 TD [(Dead)-3(m)11(an)-3(,)-2( P.; )6(Brown, R. )6(D.; )6(Gim)11(b)-3(let)-4(t)2(, P. M)8(o)-3(d)-3(elling)-3( )6(rura)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0575 Tw 23.0838 0 Td [(l resid)-5(e)-1(n)-5(tial settle)-7(m)9(e)-1(n)-5(t p)-5(a)-1(tterns with)-5( cellu)-5(lar au)-5(to)-5(m)9(a)-1(ta,)-10( )]TJ /TT149 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc -0.0006 Tw -23.0838 -1.1497 Td [(Jou)5(r)2(n)5(a)-1(l)5( )6(of)5( Env)9(i)5(ron)5(me)9(n)-1(t)5(a)-1(l)5( M)9(a)5(na)5(ge)9(ment)]TJ /TT146 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 15.7784 0 Td [(, )-6( v)-5(.)-3( 37)-5(, p)-5(.)3( )-6(147)-5(-16)-5(0)1(, 1)-5(993)-5(. )]TJ 0.0017 Tc 0.0357 Tw -15.7784 -1.5449 Td [(Fi)4(sher)5(, M)5(. M)5(.;)10( Ab)5(ra)8(hart)4(, R)4(. J)8(. Ne)8(ur)5(oc)8(om)13(put)4(i)4(ng \226)5( t)4(o)5(ol)4(s f)5(o)-1(r )6(geo)5(g)5(r)-1(ap)5(her)5(s)2(. I)5(n)-1(:)4( O)5(p)-1(en)5(sha)8(w)-1(, )6(S.;)4( A)5(b)-1(ra)8(hart)4(, R)10(. J. \(e)8(ds)8(\))5(,)6( )]TJ /TT149 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(G)-5(e)-2(o)-6(c)4(om)-5(pu)-6(ta)-6(ti)6(o)-6(n)]TJ /TT146 1 Tf -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw 6.6527 0 Td [(, )6(N)-5(e)-2(w Yo)-5(rk)-5(:)6( Taylo)-5(r)-5( )6(& Fr)-5(ancis, ch)-5(ap)-5(.8)-5(, p. )6(1)-5(87-)-5(217)-5(, )6(20)-5(00)-5(. )]TJ -0.0013 Tc 0.0028 Tw -6.6527 -1.5449 Td [(Gong)-4(, P. In)-4(tegrated)-4( an)-4(alysis o)-4(f)-4( sp)-4(atial d)-4(a)-1(ta )-6(fro)-4(m)10( )-6(m)10(u)-10(ltip)]TJ -0.0016 Tc 0.0031 Tw 22.2096 0 Td [(le )-6(so)-5(urces: u)-5(s)-2(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( )6(ev)-5(id)-5(en)-5(tial reaso)-5(n)-5(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( an)-5(d)-5( artificial n)-5(e)-1(u)-5(r)-4(al)7( )]TJ 0.0019 Tc 0.0774 Tw -22.2096 -1.1497 Td [(net)4(w)6(or)6(k t)4(ech)5(ni)10(que)9(s f)6(o)-1(r )6(ge)9(ol)4(o)5(g)-1(i)4(cal)4( m)13(a)3(ppi)4(ng,)6( )]TJ /TT149 1 Tf 0.0012 Tc 0.0722 Tw 18.2455 0 Td [(Ph)4(ot)4(o)4(g)-2(ra)4(m)5(m)-1(e)8(t)4(ri)4(c )-6(Engi)10(neeri)4(ng a)4(nd Rem)5(o)-2(t)10(e)2( )-6(Sen)4(s)1(i)4(n)4(g)]TJ /TT146 1 Tf 0.002 Tc 0.0714 Tw 20.8862 0 Td [(, v. 6)5(2)-1(, p. 51)5(3)5(-)]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.003 Tw -39.1317 -1.1437 Td [(5)-4(2)2(3)-4(,)3( 199)-4(6. )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0.0087 Tw 0 -1.5509 TD [(Li, X.; )6(Yeh)-4(,)-3( )6(A. G. Calibration o)-4(f)3( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata b)-4(y)2( u)-4(s)]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0.0054 Tw 22.6527 0 Td [(i)5(n)-1(g)5( ne)9(ural)5( )6(net)5(w)6(or)6(ks )6(fo)5(r t)5(h)-1(e)9( si)5(m)14(u)-7(l)5(a)3(t)5(i)5(on o)5(f c)9(o)-1(m)14(p)-1(lex )6(ur)6(ban)11( )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0 Tw -22.6527 -1.1437 Td [(syste)-6(m)11(s, )]TJ /TT149 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0063 Tw 3.6587 0 Td [(Envi)4(r)8(o)-1(n)5(m)-1(e)9(n)-1(t)4(a)-1(l)4( an)5(d Pl)4(an)5(ni)4(n)5(g)-1( )-6(A)]TJ /TT146 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 12.4491 0 Td [(, v)-5(.)-3( 3)-5(3)1(, p)-5(.)-3( 14)-5(45-)-4(146)-5(2, 2)-5(001)-5(. )]TJ 0 g ET /GS73 gs BT /T1_36 9 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 1 0 0 1 287.492 28.8 Tm (3704)Tj ET q 90 0 0 81.42 200.5361 647.7591 cm /Im56 Do Q 1 0 0 1 -10.4839 544.3588 cm /CS128 CS 0.004 0.004 0.004 SC 1 w 8 M 0 j 1 J []0 d /GS72 gs 85.02 89.24 108 108 re S /GS73 gs q 90 0 0 86.94 94.02 101.3003 cm /Im57 Do Q /GS72 gs 202.02 89.24 108 108 re 319.02 89.24 108 108 re 436.02 89.24 108 108 re S 0.502 0.502 0.502 SC 5.5 w 10 M 1 j 0 J 210.9 103.82 m 300.9 103.82 l S 1 1 1 SC 4 w 210.9 193.82 m 210.9 94.82 l S 5 w 301.02 193.82 m 301.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 10.4839 -544.3588 cm /CS128 cs 0 0 0 sc BT /TT149 1 Tf 0.003 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 288.7961 638.2192 Tm [(b\))13( )]TJ ET /GS73 gs q 90 0 0 85.74 317.5361 643.4392 cm /Im58 Do Q 1 0 0 1 -10.4839 544.3588 cm 0.502 0.502 0.502 SC 5.5 w /GS72 gs 328.02 103.82 m 418.02 103.82 l S 1 1 1 SC 7 w 328.02 193.82 m 328.02 94.82 l S 4.5 w 418.02 193.82 m 418.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 10.4839 -544.3588 cm BT /TT149 1 Tf -0.0007 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 405.7961 638.2192 Tm (c\))Tj /TT146 1 Tf 0 Tc 12 0 0 12 413.4761 638.2192 Tm ( )Tj ET /GS73 gs q 90 0 0 81.42 434.5361 647.7591 cm /Im59 Do Q 1 0 0 1 -10.4839 544.3588 cm 0.502 0.502 0.502 SC 5.5 w /GS72 gs 445.02 103.82 m 535.02 103.82 l S 1 1 1 SC 445.02 193.82 m 445.02 94.82 l S 3.5 w 535.02 193.82 m 535.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 10.4839 -544.3588 cm BT /TT149 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0008 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 513.7961 638.2192 Tm [( )6(d\))]TJ /TT146 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 12 0 0 12 529.576 638.2192 Tm ( )Tj ET 1 0 0 1 -10.4839 544.3588 cm 2 w 94.02 193.82 m 94.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 10.4839 -544.3588 cm BT /TT149 1 Tf -0.0007 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 76.7614 615.6384 Tm (c\))Tj /TT146 1 Tf 0 Tc 12 0 0 12 84.4414 615.6384 Tm ( )Tj /TT149 1 Tf -0.0007 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 171.1169 638.2192 Tm (c\))Tj /TT146 1 Tf 0 Tc 12 0 0 12 178.7969 638.2192 Tm ( )Tj /TT149 1 Tf -0.0007 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 76.7614 611.6384 Tm (c\))Tj /TT146 1 Tf 0 Tc 12 0 0 12 84.4414 611.6384 Tm ( )Tj ET endstream endobj 365 0 obj 8722 endobj 366 0 obj << /Length 367 0 R >> stream /CS134 cs 0 0 0 sc 1 i /RelativeColorimetric ri /GS74 gs BT /TT150 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0294 Tw 12 0 0 12 103.1542 530.9124 Tm [(The land us)5(e change simulations w)8(e)-1(re accom)8(p)1(lished by tw)8(o types of stochastic tran)6(sition )]TJ -0.0002 Tc 0.2502 Tw -1.775 -1.15 Td [(algorithm)8(s)-1( \226 \223expander\224 and \223patcher\224 \226 wh)]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.2479 Tw 19.315 0 Td (ich operate changes through expansion and )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1232 Tw -19.315 -1.15 Td [(diffusion, respectively. These sim)8(u)1(lations were )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.1244 Tw 19.76 0 Td (validated according to)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1195 Tw 9.145 0 Td [( a )-10(m)8(u)1(ltiple resolution)6( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.1646 Tw -28.905 -1.15 Td [(fitting m)8(e)-1(thod \(Constan)5(za, 1989\), and the va)]TJ 0.1638 Tw 18.875 0 Td [(lu)5(es obtained for windows 3x3, 5x5 and 9x9)5( )]TJ 0.0296 Tw -18.875 -1.15 Td (were 0.862682, 0.864872, and 0.864644, respectively for S1, S2, and S3. \ It is observable that )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1095 Tw 0 -1.15 TD [(the land use transitions com)8(p)1(ly with econom)]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.1105 Tw 18.55 0 Td (ic theories of urban growth and change)Tj /TT151 1 Tf 0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 499.8142 461.9124 Tm (, )Tj /TT150 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 12 0 0 12 506.1742 461.9124 Tm (which )Tj 0.0007 Tc 0.0003 Tw -35.36 -1.15 Td [(m)9(axi)-6(m)9(i)-1(ze consum)9(ers\264 and m)9(arkets\264 utilities in)]TJ 0.001 Tc -0.0017 Tw 18.53 0 Td [( te)5(rm)9(s of real s)5(t)-1(ate p)6(r)-1(ic)5(es a)5(nd access)5(i)-1(bility. )]TJ /TT151 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw -18.53 -2.16 Td (7.)Tj /TT152 1 Tf ( )Tj /TT151 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 1.5 0 Td (Conclusions )Tj /TT150 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0024 Tw -1.5 -1.64 Td (Cities are open and non-linear co)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.0045 Tw 13.27 0 Td [(m)8(p)1(lex system)8(s. ANN though proved )]TJ 0.0009 Tc 0.0007 Tw (to have the cap)Tj 0.0007 Tc -0.0007 Tw 20.94 0 Td (ability to )Tj 0.0002 Tc 0.1298 Tw -34.21 -1.15 Td (model non-linear features and handle well the )Tj 0.0001 Tc 19.49 0 Td [(uncertainties of spatial data. ANN h)-5(a)-1(ve two )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.0185 Tw -19.49 -1.15 Td [(m)8(a)-1(in disadvantages: they are black-box devises and )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0198 Tw 21.115 0 Td [(the user\264s intervention is still decisive for)-7( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.0896 Tw -21.115 -1.15 Td (the results quality. Further studies are needed )Tj 0.0897 Tw 19.025 0 Td (to assess the responsiveness of the simulation )Tj 0.0005 Tc -0.0011 Tw -19.025 -1.15 Td [(outputs in)6( face of changes in the type,)6( structur)]TJ 0.0007 Tc -0.0023 Tw 18.47 0 Td [(e an)6(d internal param)9(ete)]TJ 0.0004 Tc -0.0004 Tw 9.35 0 Td [(rs of the network.)5( )]TJ /TT151 1 Tf 0.0007 Tc 0 Tw -27.82 -2.16 Td [(References)5( )]TJ /TT150 1 Tf -0.0011 Tc 0.0146 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 81.8542 303.5724 Tm [(Batty, M; Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, H.; Eichen)-4(, M. Urban)-4( )6(syste)-6(m)10(s as cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata,)]TJ /TT153 1 Tf -0.0022 Tc 0.0157 Tw 29 0 Td [( E)-8(n)-5(vironm)-5(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plan)-5(n)-5(i)6(ng)-5( B)]TJ /TT150 1 Tf 0.0025 Tc 0.011 Tw 12.7605 0 Td [(,)7( v.)7(2)6(4, )6(p.)13( )]TJ -0.0026 Tc -0.0019 Tw -41.7605 -1.1497 Td [(1)-6(59-)-5(164)-6(, 19)-6(97)-6(. )]TJ -0.0018 Tc 0.0811 Tw 0 -1.6467 TD [(Co)-5(n)-5(s)-2(tan)-5(za, R. )6(Mo)-5(d)-5(e)-1(l goo)-5(dn)-5(ess o)-5(f)-4( fit: a )-6(m)10(u)-5(ltip)-5(le reso)-5(lu)-5(tion p)-5(r)2(o)-5(cedu)-5(r)-4(e, )]TJ /TT153 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0817 Tw 28.9461 0 Td [(Eco)-5(log)-5(ica)-5(l Mod)-5(e)4(llin)-5(g)]TJ /TT150 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.0749 Tw 8.7545 0 Td [(, )-6(v)-4(.)3(47)-4(, p)-4(.)-3( 1)-4(99-)-4(215)-4(,)-9( )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0 Tw -37.7006 -1.1437 Td [(1)-4(989)-4(. )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0.062 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, )6(H. )6(Cellu)-4(lar wo)-4(rl)8(ds: a fram)11(ewo)-4(rk for m)11(o)-4(d)-4(ellin)-4(g micro)-4(-)-3(m)11(acro)-4( )6(d)-4(y)2(n)-4(am)11(i)2(cs, )]TJ /TT153 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0.0641 Tw 33.5569 0 Td [(En)-6(viro)-6(nm)-5(en)-6(ta)-6(l and)-6( Plann)-6(ing)-6( )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw -33.5569 -1.1497 Td (A)Tj /TT150 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw [(, v)-4(.)3(1)-4(7)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 58)-4(5-)-4(596)-4(, 19)-4(85)-4(. )]TJ -0.0005 Tc 0.0559 Tw 0 -1.6467 TD [(Dead)-3(m)11(an)-3(,)-2( P.; )6(Brown, R. )6(D.; )6(Gim)11(b)-3(let)-4(t)2(, P. M)8(o)-3(d)-3(elling)-3( )6(rura)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0575 Tw 23.0838 0 Td [(l resid)-5(e)-1(n)-5(tial settle)-7(m)9(e)-1(n)-5(t p)-5(a)-1(tterns with)-5( cellu)-5(lar au)-5(to)-5(m)9(a)-1(ta,)-10( )]TJ /TT153 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc -0.0006 Tw -23.0838 -1.1497 Td [(Jou)5(r)2(n)5(a)-1(l)5( )6(of)5( Env)9(i)5(ron)5(me)9(n)-1(t)5(a)-1(l)5( M)9(a)5(na)5(ge)9(ment)]TJ /TT150 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 15.7784 0 Td [(, )-6( v)-5(.)-3( 37)-5(, p)-5(.)3( )-6(147)-5(-16)-5(0)1(, 1)-5(993)-5(. )]TJ 0.0017 Tc 0.0357 Tw -15.7784 -1.5449 Td [(Fi)4(sher)5(, M)5(. M)5(.;)10( Ab)5(ra)8(hart)4(, R)4(. J)8(. Ne)8(ur)5(oc)8(om)13(put)4(i)4(ng \226)5( t)4(o)5(ol)4(s f)5(o)-1(r )6(geo)5(g)5(r)-1(ap)5(her)5(s)2(. I)5(n)-1(:)4( O)5(p)-1(en)5(sha)8(w)-1(, )6(S.;)4( A)5(b)-1(ra)8(hart)4(, R)10(. J. \(e)8(ds)8(\))5(,)6( )]TJ /TT153 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(G)-5(e)-2(o)-6(c)4(om)-5(pu)-6(ta)-6(ti)6(o)-6(n)]TJ /TT150 1 Tf -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw 6.6527 0 Td [(, )6(N)-5(e)-2(w Yo)-5(rk)-5(:)6( Taylo)-5(r)-5( )6(& Fr)-5(ancis, ch)-5(ap)-5(.8)-5(, p. )6(1)-5(87-)-5(217)-5(, )6(20)-5(00)-5(. )]TJ -0.0013 Tc 0.0028 Tw -6.6527 -1.5449 Td [(Gong)-4(, P. In)-4(tegrated)-4( an)-4(alysis o)-4(f)-4( sp)-4(atial d)-4(a)-1(ta )-6(fro)-4(m)10( )-6(m)10(u)-10(ltip)]TJ -0.0016 Tc 0.0031 Tw 22.2096 0 Td [(le )-6(so)-5(urces: u)-5(s)-2(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( )6(ev)-5(id)-5(en)-5(tial reaso)-5(n)-5(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( an)-5(d)-5( artificial n)-5(e)-1(u)-5(r)-4(al)7( )]TJ 0.0019 Tc 0.0774 Tw -22.2096 -1.1497 Td [(net)4(w)6(or)6(k t)4(ech)5(ni)10(que)9(s f)6(o)-1(r )6(ge)9(ol)4(o)5(g)-1(i)4(cal)4( m)13(a)3(ppi)4(ng,)6( )]TJ /TT153 1 Tf 0.0012 Tc 0.0722 Tw 18.2455 0 Td [(Ph)4(ot)4(o)4(g)-2(ra)4(m)5(m)-1(e)8(t)4(ri)4(c )-6(Engi)10(neeri)4(ng a)4(nd Rem)5(o)-2(t)10(e)2( )-6(Sen)4(s)1(i)4(n)4(g)]TJ /TT150 1 Tf 0.002 Tc 0.0714 Tw 20.8862 0 Td [(, v. 6)5(2)-1(, p. 51)5(3)5(-)]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.003 Tw -39.1317 -1.1437 Td [(5)-4(2)2(3)-4(,)3( 199)-4(6. )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0.0087 Tw 0 -1.5509 TD [(Li, X.; )6(Yeh)-4(,)-3( )6(A. G. Calibration o)-4(f)3( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata b)-4(y)2( u)-4(s)]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0.0054 Tw 22.6527 0 Td [(i)5(n)-1(g)5( ne)9(ural)5( )6(net)5(w)6(or)6(ks )6(fo)5(r t)5(h)-1(e)9( si)5(m)14(u)-7(l)5(a)3(t)5(i)5(on o)5(f c)9(o)-1(m)14(p)-1(lex )6(ur)6(ban)11( )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0 Tw -22.6527 -1.1437 Td [(syste)-6(m)11(s, )]TJ /TT153 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0063 Tw 3.6587 0 Td [(Envi)4(r)8(o)-1(n)5(m)-1(e)9(n)-1(t)4(a)-1(l)4( an)5(d Pl)4(an)5(ni)4(n)5(g)-1( )-6(A)]TJ /TT150 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 12.4491 0 Td [(, v)-5(.)-3( 3)-5(3)1(, p)-5(.)-3( 14)-5(45-)-4(146)-5(2, 2)-5(001)-5(. )]TJ 0 g ET /GS75 gs BT /T1_37 9 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 1 0 0 1 287.492 28.8 Tm (3704)Tj ET q 90 0 0 81.42 200.5361 647.7591 cm /Im60 Do Q 1 0 0 1 -10.4839 544.3588 cm /CS134 CS 0.004 0.004 0.004 SC 1 w 8 M 0 j 1 J []0 d /GS74 gs 85.02 89.24 108 108 re S /GS75 gs q 90 0 0 86.94 94.02 101.3003 cm /Im61 Do Q /GS74 gs 202.02 89.24 108 108 re 319.02 89.24 108 108 re 436.02 89.24 108 108 re S 0.502 0.502 0.502 SC 5.5 w 10 M 1 j 0 J 210.9 103.82 m 300.9 103.82 l S 1 1 1 SC 4 w 210.9 193.82 m 210.9 94.82 l S 5 w 301.02 193.82 m 301.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 10.4839 -544.3588 cm /CS134 cs 0 0 0 sc BT /TT153 1 Tf 0.003 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 288.7961 638.2192 Tm [(b\))13( )]TJ ET /GS75 gs q 90 0 0 85.74 317.5361 643.4392 cm /Im62 Do Q 1 0 0 1 -10.4839 544.3588 cm 0.502 0.502 0.502 SC 5.5 w /GS74 gs 328.02 103.82 m 418.02 103.82 l S 1 1 1 SC 7 w 328.02 193.82 m 328.02 94.82 l S 4.5 w 418.02 193.82 m 418.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 10.4839 -544.3588 cm BT /TT153 1 Tf -0.0007 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 405.7961 638.2192 Tm (c\))Tj /TT150 1 Tf 0 Tc 12 0 0 12 413.4761 638.2192 Tm ( )Tj ET /GS75 gs q 90 0 0 81.42 434.5361 647.7591 cm /Im63 Do Q 1 0 0 1 -10.4839 544.3588 cm 0.502 0.502 0.502 SC 5.5 w /GS74 gs 445.02 103.82 m 535.02 103.82 l S 1 1 1 SC 445.02 193.82 m 445.02 94.82 l S 3.5 w 535.02 193.82 m 535.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 10.4839 -544.3588 cm BT /TT153 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0008 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 513.7961 638.2192 Tm [( )6(d\))]TJ /TT150 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 12 0 0 12 529.576 638.2192 Tm ( )Tj ET 1 0 0 1 -10.4839 544.3588 cm 2 w 94.02 193.82 m 94.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 10.4839 -544.3588 cm BT /TT153 1 Tf -0.0007 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 76.7614 615.6384 Tm (c\))Tj /TT150 1 Tf 0 Tc 12 0 0 12 84.4414 615.6384 Tm ( )Tj /TT153 1 Tf -0.0007 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 171.1169 638.2192 Tm (c\))Tj /TT150 1 Tf 0 Tc 12 0 0 12 178.7969 638.2192 Tm ( )Tj /TT153 1 Tf -0.0007 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 76.7614 610.6384 Tm (c\))Tj /TT150 1 Tf 0 Tc 12 0 0 12 84.4414 610.6384 Tm ( )Tj ET endstream endobj 367 0 obj 8722 endobj 368 0 obj << /Length 369 0 R >> stream /CS140 cs 0 0 0 sc 1 i /RelativeColorimetric ri /GS76 gs BT /TT154 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0294 Tw 12 0 0 12 103.1542 530.9124 Tm [(The land us)5(e change simulations w)8(e)-1(re accom)8(p)1(lished by tw)8(o types of stochastic tran)6(sition )]TJ -0.0002 Tc 0.2502 Tw -1.775 -1.15 Td [(algorithm)8(s)-1( \226 \223expander\224 and \223patcher\224 \226 wh)]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.2479 Tw 19.315 0 Td (ich operate changes through expansion and )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1232 Tw -19.315 -1.15 Td [(diffusion, respectively. These sim)8(u)1(lations were )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.1244 Tw 19.76 0 Td (validated according to)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1195 Tw 9.145 0 Td [( a )-10(m)8(u)1(ltiple resolution)6( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.1646 Tw -28.905 -1.15 Td [(fitting m)8(e)-1(thod \(Constan)5(za, 1989\), and the va)]TJ 0.1638 Tw 18.875 0 Td [(lu)5(es obtained for windows 3x3, 5x5 and 9x9)5( )]TJ 0.0296 Tw -18.875 -1.15 Td (were 0.862682, 0.864872, and 0.864644, respectively for S1, S2, and S3. \ It is observable that )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1095 Tw 0 -1.15 TD [(the land use transitions com)8(p)1(ly with econom)]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.1105 Tw 18.55 0 Td (ic theories of urban growth and change)Tj /TT155 1 Tf 0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 499.8142 461.9124 Tm (, )Tj /TT154 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 12 0 0 12 506.1742 461.9124 Tm (which )Tj 0.0007 Tc 0.0003 Tw -35.36 -1.15 Td [(m)9(axi)-6(m)9(i)-1(ze consum)9(ers\264 and m)9(arkets\264 utilities in)]TJ 0.001 Tc -0.0017 Tw 18.53 0 Td [( te)5(rm)9(s of real s)5(t)-1(ate p)6(r)-1(ic)5(es a)5(nd access)5(i)-1(bility. )]TJ /TT155 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw -18.53 -2.16 Td (7.)Tj /TT156 1 Tf ( )Tj /TT155 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 1.5 0 Td (Conclusions )Tj /TT154 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0024 Tw -1.5 -1.64 Td (Cities are open and non-linear co)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.0045 Tw 13.27 0 Td [(m)8(p)1(lex system)8(s. ANN though proved )]TJ 0.0009 Tc 0.0007 Tw (to have the cap)Tj 0.0007 Tc -0.0007 Tw 20.94 0 Td (ability to )Tj 0.0002 Tc 0.1298 Tw -34.21 -1.15 Td (model non-linear features and handle well the )Tj 0.0001 Tc 19.49 0 Td [(uncertainties of spatial data. ANN h)-5(a)-1(ve two )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.0185 Tw -19.49 -1.15 Td [(m)8(a)-1(in disadvantages: they are black-box devises and )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0198 Tw 21.115 0 Td [(the user\264s intervention is still decisive for)-7( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.0896 Tw -21.115 -1.15 Td (the results quality. Further studies are needed )Tj 0.0897 Tw 19.025 0 Td (to assess the responsiveness of the simulation )Tj 0.0005 Tc -0.0011 Tw -19.025 -1.15 Td [(outputs in)6( face of changes in the type,)6( structur)]TJ 0.0007 Tc -0.0023 Tw 18.47 0 Td [(e an)6(d internal param)9(ete)]TJ 0.0004 Tc -0.0004 Tw 9.35 0 Td [(rs of the network.)5( )]TJ /TT155 1 Tf 0.0007 Tc 0 Tw -27.82 -2.16 Td [(References)5( )]TJ /TT154 1 Tf -0.0011 Tc 0.0146 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 81.8542 303.5724 Tm [(Batty, M; Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, H.; Eichen)-4(, M. Urban)-4( )6(syste)-6(m)10(s as cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata,)]TJ /TT157 1 Tf -0.0022 Tc 0.0157 Tw 29 0 Td [( E)-8(n)-5(vironm)-5(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plan)-5(n)-5(i)6(ng)-5( B)]TJ /TT154 1 Tf 0.0025 Tc 0.011 Tw 12.7605 0 Td [(,)7( v.)7(2)6(4, )6(p.)13( )]TJ -0.0026 Tc -0.0019 Tw -41.7605 -1.1497 Td [(1)-6(59-)-5(164)-6(, 19)-6(97)-6(. )]TJ -0.0018 Tc 0.0811 Tw 0 -1.6467 TD [(Co)-5(n)-5(s)-2(tan)-5(za, R. )6(Mo)-5(d)-5(e)-1(l goo)-5(dn)-5(ess o)-5(f)-4( fit: a )-6(m)10(u)-5(ltip)-5(le reso)-5(lu)-5(tion p)-5(r)2(o)-5(cedu)-5(r)-4(e, )]TJ /TT157 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0817 Tw 28.9461 0 Td [(Eco)-5(log)-5(ica)-5(l Mod)-5(e)4(llin)-5(g)]TJ /TT154 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.0749 Tw 8.7545 0 Td [(, )-6(v)-4(.)3(47)-4(, p)-4(.)-3( 1)-4(99-)-4(215)-4(,)-9( )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0 Tw -37.7006 -1.1437 Td [(1)-4(989)-4(. )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0.062 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, )6(H. )6(Cellu)-4(lar wo)-4(rl)8(ds: a fram)11(ewo)-4(rk for m)11(o)-4(d)-4(ellin)-4(g micro)-4(-)-3(m)11(acro)-4( )6(d)-4(y)2(n)-4(am)11(i)2(cs, )]TJ /TT157 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0.0641 Tw 33.5569 0 Td [(En)-6(viro)-6(nm)-5(en)-6(ta)-6(l and)-6( Plann)-6(ing)-6( )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw -33.5569 -1.1497 Td (A)Tj /TT154 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw [(, v)-4(.)3(1)-4(7)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 58)-4(5-)-4(596)-4(, 19)-4(85)-4(. )]TJ -0.0005 Tc 0.0559 Tw 0 -1.6467 TD [(Dead)-3(m)11(an)-3(,)-2( P.; )6(Brown, R. )6(D.; )6(Gim)11(b)-3(let)-4(t)2(, P. M)8(o)-3(d)-3(elling)-3( )6(rura)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0575 Tw 23.0838 0 Td [(l resid)-5(e)-1(n)-5(tial settle)-7(m)9(e)-1(n)-5(t p)-5(a)-1(tterns with)-5( cellu)-5(lar au)-5(to)-5(m)9(a)-1(ta,)-10( )]TJ /TT157 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc -0.0006 Tw -23.0838 -1.1497 Td [(Jou)5(r)2(n)5(a)-1(l)5( )6(of)5( Env)9(i)5(ron)5(me)9(n)-1(t)5(a)-1(l)5( M)9(a)5(na)5(ge)9(ment)]TJ /TT154 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 15.7784 0 Td [(, )-6( v)-5(.)-3( 37)-5(, p)-5(.)3( )-6(147)-5(-16)-5(0)1(, 1)-5(993)-5(. )]TJ 0.0017 Tc 0.0357 Tw -15.7784 -1.5449 Td [(Fi)4(sher)5(, M)5(. M)5(.;)10( Ab)5(ra)8(hart)4(, R)4(. J)8(. Ne)8(ur)5(oc)8(om)13(put)4(i)4(ng \226)5( t)4(o)5(ol)4(s f)5(o)-1(r )6(geo)5(g)5(r)-1(ap)5(her)5(s)2(. I)5(n)-1(:)4( O)5(p)-1(en)5(sha)8(w)-1(, )6(S.;)4( A)5(b)-1(ra)8(hart)4(, R)10(. J. \(e)8(ds)8(\))5(,)6( )]TJ /TT157 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(G)-5(e)-2(o)-6(c)4(om)-5(pu)-6(ta)-6(ti)6(o)-6(n)]TJ /TT154 1 Tf -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw 6.6527 0 Td [(, )6(N)-5(e)-2(w Yo)-5(rk)-5(:)6( Taylo)-5(r)-5( )6(& Fr)-5(ancis, ch)-5(ap)-5(.8)-5(, p. )6(1)-5(87-)-5(217)-5(, )6(20)-5(00)-5(. )]TJ -0.0013 Tc 0.0028 Tw -6.6527 -1.5449 Td [(Gong)-4(, P. In)-4(tegrated)-4( an)-4(alysis o)-4(f)-4( sp)-4(atial d)-4(a)-1(ta )-6(fro)-4(m)10( )-6(m)10(u)-10(ltip)]TJ -0.0016 Tc 0.0031 Tw 22.2096 0 Td [(le )-6(so)-5(urces: u)-5(s)-2(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( )6(ev)-5(id)-5(en)-5(tial reaso)-5(n)-5(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( an)-5(d)-5( artificial n)-5(e)-1(u)-5(r)-4(al)7( )]TJ 0.0019 Tc 0.0774 Tw -22.2096 -1.1497 Td [(net)4(w)6(or)6(k t)4(ech)5(ni)10(que)9(s f)6(o)-1(r )6(ge)9(ol)4(o)5(g)-1(i)4(cal)4( m)13(a)3(ppi)4(ng,)6( )]TJ /TT157 1 Tf 0.0012 Tc 0.0722 Tw 18.2455 0 Td [(Ph)4(ot)4(o)4(g)-2(ra)4(m)5(m)-1(e)8(t)4(ri)4(c )-6(Engi)10(neeri)4(ng a)4(nd Rem)5(o)-2(t)10(e)2( )-6(Sen)4(s)1(i)4(n)4(g)]TJ /TT154 1 Tf 0.002 Tc 0.0714 Tw 20.8862 0 Td [(, v. 6)5(2)-1(, p. 51)5(3)5(-)]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.003 Tw -39.1317 -1.1437 Td [(5)-4(2)2(3)-4(,)3( 199)-4(6. )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0.0087 Tw 0 -1.5509 TD [(Li, X.; )6(Yeh)-4(,)-3( )6(A. G. Calibration o)-4(f)3( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata b)-4(y)2( u)-4(s)]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0.0054 Tw 22.6527 0 Td [(i)5(n)-1(g)5( ne)9(ural)5( )6(net)5(w)6(or)6(ks )6(fo)5(r t)5(h)-1(e)9( si)5(m)14(u)-7(l)5(a)3(t)5(i)5(on o)5(f c)9(o)-1(m)14(p)-1(lex )6(ur)6(ban)11( )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0 Tw -22.6527 -1.1437 Td [(syste)-6(m)11(s, )]TJ /TT157 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0063 Tw 3.6587 0 Td [(Envi)4(r)8(o)-1(n)5(m)-1(e)9(n)-1(t)4(a)-1(l)4( an)5(d Pl)4(an)5(ni)4(n)5(g)-1( )-6(A)]TJ /TT154 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 12.4491 0 Td [(, v)-5(.)-3( 3)-5(3)1(, p)-5(.)-3( 14)-5(45-)-4(146)-5(2, 2)-5(001)-5(. )]TJ 0 g ET /GS77 gs BT /T1_38 9 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 1 0 0 1 287.492 28.8 Tm (3704)Tj ET q 90 0 0 81.42 200.5361 647.7591 cm /Im64 Do Q 1 0 0 1 -10.4839 544.3588 cm /CS140 CS 0.004 0.004 0.004 SC 1 w 8 M 0 j 1 J []0 d /GS76 gs 85.02 89.24 108 108 re S /GS77 gs q 90 0 0 86.94 94.02 101.3003 cm /Im65 Do Q /GS76 gs 202.02 89.24 108 108 re 319.02 89.24 108 108 re 436.02 89.24 108 108 re S 0.502 0.502 0.502 SC 5.5 w 10 M 1 j 0 J 210.9 103.82 m 300.9 103.82 l S 1 1 1 SC 4 w 210.9 193.82 m 210.9 94.82 l S 5 w 301.02 193.82 m 301.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 10.4839 -544.3588 cm /CS140 cs 0 0 0 sc BT /TT157 1 Tf 0.003 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 288.7961 638.2192 Tm [(b\))13( )]TJ ET /GS77 gs q 90 0 0 85.74 317.5361 643.4392 cm /Im66 Do Q 1 0 0 1 -10.4839 544.3588 cm 0.502 0.502 0.502 SC 5.5 w /GS76 gs 328.02 103.82 m 418.02 103.82 l S 1 1 1 SC 7 w 328.02 193.82 m 328.02 94.82 l S 4.5 w 418.02 193.82 m 418.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 10.4839 -544.3588 cm BT /TT157 1 Tf -0.0007 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 405.7961 638.2192 Tm (c\))Tj /TT154 1 Tf 0 Tc 12 0 0 12 413.4761 638.2192 Tm ( )Tj ET /GS77 gs q 90 0 0 81.42 434.5361 647.7591 cm /Im67 Do Q 1 0 0 1 -10.4839 544.3588 cm 0.502 0.502 0.502 SC 5.5 w /GS76 gs 445.02 103.82 m 535.02 103.82 l S 1 1 1 SC 445.02 193.82 m 445.02 94.82 l S 3.5 w 535.02 193.82 m 535.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 10.4839 -544.3588 cm BT /TT157 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0008 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 513.7961 638.2192 Tm [( )6(d\))]TJ /TT154 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 12 0 0 12 529.576 638.2192 Tm ( )Tj ET 1 0 0 1 -10.4839 544.3588 cm 2 w 94.02 193.82 m 94.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 10.4839 -544.3588 cm BT /TT157 1 Tf -0.0007 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 76.7614 615.6384 Tm (c\))Tj /TT154 1 Tf 0 Tc 12 0 0 12 84.4414 615.6384 Tm ( )Tj /TT157 1 Tf -0.0007 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 171.1169 638.2192 Tm (c\))Tj /TT154 1 Tf 0 Tc 12 0 0 12 178.7969 638.2192 Tm ( )Tj /TT157 1 Tf -0.0007 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 76.7614 609.6384 Tm (c\))Tj /TT154 1 Tf 0 Tc 12 0 0 12 84.4414 609.6384 Tm ( )Tj ET endstream endobj 369 0 obj 8722 endobj 370 0 obj << /Length 371 0 R >> stream /CS146 cs 0 0 0 sc 1 i /RelativeColorimetric ri /GS78 gs BT /TT158 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0294 Tw 12 0 0 12 103.1542 530.9124 Tm [(The land us)5(e change simulations w)8(e)-1(re accom)8(p)1(lished by tw)8(o types of stochastic tran)6(sition )]TJ -0.0002 Tc 0.2502 Tw -1.775 -1.15 Td [(algorithm)8(s)-1( \226 \223expander\224 and \223patcher\224 \226 wh)]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.2479 Tw 19.315 0 Td (ich operate changes through expansion and )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1232 Tw -19.315 -1.15 Td [(diffusion, respectively. These sim)8(u)1(lations were )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.1244 Tw 19.76 0 Td (validated according to)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1195 Tw 9.145 0 Td [( a )-10(m)8(u)1(ltiple resolution)6( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.1646 Tw -28.905 -1.15 Td [(fitting m)8(e)-1(thod \(Constan)5(za, 1989\), and the va)]TJ 0.1638 Tw 18.875 0 Td [(lu)5(es obtained for windows 3x3, 5x5 and 9x9)5( )]TJ 0.0296 Tw -18.875 -1.15 Td (were 0.862682, 0.864872, and 0.864644, respectively for S1, S2, and S3. \ It is observable that )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1095 Tw 0 -1.15 TD [(the land use transitions com)8(p)1(ly with econom)]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.1105 Tw 18.55 0 Td (ic theories of urban growth and change)Tj /TT159 1 Tf 0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 499.8142 461.9124 Tm (, )Tj /TT158 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 12 0 0 12 506.1742 461.9124 Tm (which )Tj 0.0007 Tc 0.0003 Tw -35.36 -1.15 Td [(m)9(axi)-6(m)9(i)-1(ze consum)9(ers\264 and m)9(arkets\264 utilities in)]TJ 0.001 Tc -0.0017 Tw 18.53 0 Td [( te)5(rm)9(s of real s)5(t)-1(ate p)6(r)-1(ic)5(es a)5(nd access)5(i)-1(bility. )]TJ /TT159 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw -18.53 -2.16 Td (7.)Tj /TT160 1 Tf ( )Tj /TT159 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 1.5 0 Td (Conclusions )Tj /TT158 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0024 Tw -1.5 -1.64 Td (Cities are open and non-linear co)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.0045 Tw 13.27 0 Td [(m)8(p)1(lex system)8(s. ANN though proved )]TJ 0.0009 Tc 0.0007 Tw (to have the cap)Tj 0.0007 Tc -0.0007 Tw 20.94 0 Td (ability to )Tj 0.0002 Tc 0.1298 Tw -34.21 -1.15 Td (model non-linear features and handle well the )Tj 0.0001 Tc 19.49 0 Td [(uncertainties of spatial data. ANN h)-5(a)-1(ve two )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.0185 Tw -19.49 -1.15 Td [(m)8(a)-1(in disadvantages: they are black-box devises and )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0198 Tw 21.115 0 Td [(the user\264s intervention is still decisive for)-7( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.0896 Tw -21.115 -1.15 Td (the results quality. Further studies are needed )Tj 0.0897 Tw 19.025 0 Td (to assess the responsiveness of the simulation )Tj 0.0005 Tc -0.0011 Tw -19.025 -1.15 Td [(outputs in)6( face of changes in the type,)6( structur)]TJ 0.0007 Tc -0.0023 Tw 18.47 0 Td [(e an)6(d internal param)9(ete)]TJ 0.0004 Tc -0.0004 Tw 9.35 0 Td [(rs of the network.)5( )]TJ /TT159 1 Tf 0.0007 Tc 0 Tw -27.82 -2.16 Td [(References)5( )]TJ /TT158 1 Tf -0.0011 Tc 0.0146 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 81.8542 303.5724 Tm [(Batty, M; Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, H.; Eichen)-4(, M. Urban)-4( )6(syste)-6(m)10(s as cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata,)]TJ /TT161 1 Tf -0.0022 Tc 0.0157 Tw 29 0 Td [( E)-8(n)-5(vironm)-5(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plan)-5(n)-5(i)6(ng)-5( B)]TJ /TT158 1 Tf 0.0025 Tc 0.011 Tw 12.7605 0 Td [(,)7( v.)7(2)6(4, )6(p.)13( )]TJ -0.0026 Tc -0.0019 Tw -41.7605 -1.1497 Td [(1)-6(59-)-5(164)-6(, 19)-6(97)-6(. )]TJ -0.0018 Tc 0.0811 Tw 0 -1.6467 TD [(Co)-5(n)-5(s)-2(tan)-5(za, R. )6(Mo)-5(d)-5(e)-1(l goo)-5(dn)-5(ess o)-5(f)-4( fit: a )-6(m)10(u)-5(ltip)-5(le reso)-5(lu)-5(tion p)-5(r)2(o)-5(cedu)-5(r)-4(e, )]TJ /TT161 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0817 Tw 28.9461 0 Td [(Eco)-5(log)-5(ica)-5(l Mod)-5(e)4(llin)-5(g)]TJ /TT158 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.0749 Tw 8.7545 0 Td [(, )-6(v)-4(.)3(47)-4(, p)-4(.)-3( 1)-4(99-)-4(215)-4(,)-9( )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0 Tw -37.7006 -1.1437 Td [(1)-4(989)-4(. )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0.062 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, )6(H. )6(Cellu)-4(lar wo)-4(rl)8(ds: a fram)11(ewo)-4(rk for m)11(o)-4(d)-4(ellin)-4(g micro)-4(-)-3(m)11(acro)-4( )6(d)-4(y)2(n)-4(am)11(i)2(cs, )]TJ /TT161 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0.0641 Tw 33.5569 0 Td [(En)-6(viro)-6(nm)-5(en)-6(ta)-6(l and)-6( Plann)-6(ing)-6( )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw -33.5569 -1.1497 Td (A)Tj /TT158 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw [(, v)-4(.)3(1)-4(7)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 58)-4(5-)-4(596)-4(, 19)-4(85)-4(. )]TJ -0.0005 Tc 0.0559 Tw 0 -1.6467 TD [(Dead)-3(m)11(an)-3(,)-2( P.; )6(Brown, R. )6(D.; )6(Gim)11(b)-3(let)-4(t)2(, P. M)8(o)-3(d)-3(elling)-3( )6(rura)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0575 Tw 23.0838 0 Td [(l resid)-5(e)-1(n)-5(tial settle)-7(m)9(e)-1(n)-5(t p)-5(a)-1(tterns with)-5( cellu)-5(lar au)-5(to)-5(m)9(a)-1(ta,)-10( )]TJ /TT161 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc -0.0006 Tw -23.0838 -1.1497 Td [(Jou)5(r)2(n)5(a)-1(l)5( )6(of)5( Env)9(i)5(ron)5(me)9(n)-1(t)5(a)-1(l)5( M)9(a)5(na)5(ge)9(ment)]TJ /TT158 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 15.7784 0 Td [(, )-6( v)-5(.)-3( 37)-5(, p)-5(.)3( )-6(147)-5(-16)-5(0)1(, 1)-5(993)-5(. )]TJ 0.0017 Tc 0.0357 Tw -15.7784 -1.5449 Td [(Fi)4(sher)5(, M)5(. M)5(.;)10( Ab)5(ra)8(hart)4(, R)4(. J)8(. Ne)8(ur)5(oc)8(om)13(put)4(i)4(ng \226)5( t)4(o)5(ol)4(s f)5(o)-1(r )6(geo)5(g)5(r)-1(ap)5(her)5(s)2(. I)5(n)-1(:)4( O)5(p)-1(en)5(sha)8(w)-1(, )6(S.;)4( A)5(b)-1(ra)8(hart)4(, R)10(. J. \(e)8(ds)8(\))5(,)6( )]TJ /TT161 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(G)-5(e)-2(o)-6(c)4(om)-5(pu)-6(ta)-6(ti)6(o)-6(n)]TJ /TT158 1 Tf -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw 6.6527 0 Td [(, )6(N)-5(e)-2(w Yo)-5(rk)-5(:)6( Taylo)-5(r)-5( )6(& Fr)-5(ancis, ch)-5(ap)-5(.8)-5(, p. )6(1)-5(87-)-5(217)-5(, )6(20)-5(00)-5(. )]TJ -0.0013 Tc 0.0028 Tw -6.6527 -1.5449 Td [(Gong)-4(, P. In)-4(tegrated)-4( an)-4(alysis o)-4(f)-4( sp)-4(atial d)-4(a)-1(ta )-6(fro)-4(m)10( )-6(m)10(u)-10(ltip)]TJ -0.0016 Tc 0.0031 Tw 22.2096 0 Td [(le )-6(so)-5(urces: u)-5(s)-2(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( )6(ev)-5(id)-5(en)-5(tial reaso)-5(n)-5(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( an)-5(d)-5( artificial n)-5(e)-1(u)-5(r)-4(al)7( )]TJ 0.0019 Tc 0.0774 Tw -22.2096 -1.1497 Td [(net)4(w)6(or)6(k t)4(ech)5(ni)10(que)9(s f)6(o)-1(r )6(ge)9(ol)4(o)5(g)-1(i)4(cal)4( m)13(a)3(ppi)4(ng,)6( )]TJ /TT161 1 Tf 0.0012 Tc 0.0722 Tw 18.2455 0 Td [(Ph)4(ot)4(o)4(g)-2(ra)4(m)5(m)-1(e)8(t)4(ri)4(c )-6(Engi)10(neeri)4(ng a)4(nd Rem)5(o)-2(t)10(e)2( )-6(Sen)4(s)1(i)4(n)4(g)]TJ /TT158 1 Tf 0.002 Tc 0.0714 Tw 20.8862 0 Td [(, v. 6)5(2)-1(, p. 51)5(3)5(-)]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.003 Tw -39.1317 -1.1437 Td [(5)-4(2)2(3)-4(,)3( 199)-4(6. )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0.0087 Tw 0 -1.5509 TD [(Li, X.; )6(Yeh)-4(,)-3( )6(A. G. Calibration o)-4(f)3( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata b)-4(y)2( u)-4(s)]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0.0054 Tw 22.6527 0 Td [(i)5(n)-1(g)5( ne)9(ural)5( )6(net)5(w)6(or)6(ks )6(fo)5(r t)5(h)-1(e)9( si)5(m)14(u)-7(l)5(a)3(t)5(i)5(on o)5(f c)9(o)-1(m)14(p)-1(lex )6(ur)6(ban)11( )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0 Tw -22.6527 -1.1437 Td [(syste)-6(m)11(s, )]TJ /TT161 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0063 Tw 3.6587 0 Td [(Envi)4(r)8(o)-1(n)5(m)-1(e)9(n)-1(t)4(a)-1(l)4( an)5(d Pl)4(an)5(ni)4(n)5(g)-1( )-6(A)]TJ /TT158 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 12.4491 0 Td [(, v)-5(.)-3( 3)-5(3)1(, p)-5(.)-3( 14)-5(45-)-4(146)-5(2, 2)-5(001)-5(. )]TJ 0 g ET /GS79 gs BT /T1_39 9 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 1 0 0 1 287.492 28.8 Tm (3704)Tj ET q 90 0 0 81.42 200.5361 647.7591 cm /Im68 Do Q 1 0 0 1 -10.4839 544.3588 cm /CS146 CS 0.004 0.004 0.004 SC 1 w 8 M 0 j 1 J []0 d /GS78 gs 85.02 89.24 108 108 re S /GS79 gs q 90 0 0 86.94 94.02 101.3003 cm /Im69 Do Q /GS78 gs 202.02 89.24 108 108 re 319.02 89.24 108 108 re 436.02 89.24 108 108 re S 0.502 0.502 0.502 SC 5.5 w 10 M 1 j 0 J 210.9 103.82 m 300.9 103.82 l S 1 1 1 SC 4 w 210.9 193.82 m 210.9 94.82 l S 5 w 301.02 193.82 m 301.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 10.4839 -544.3588 cm /CS146 cs 0 0 0 sc BT /TT161 1 Tf 0.003 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 288.7961 638.2192 Tm [(b\))13( )]TJ ET /GS79 gs q 90 0 0 85.74 317.5361 643.4392 cm /Im70 Do Q 1 0 0 1 -10.4839 544.3588 cm 0.502 0.502 0.502 SC 5.5 w /GS78 gs 328.02 103.82 m 418.02 103.82 l S 1 1 1 SC 7 w 328.02 193.82 m 328.02 94.82 l S 4.5 w 418.02 193.82 m 418.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 10.4839 -544.3588 cm BT /TT161 1 Tf -0.0007 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 405.7961 638.2192 Tm (c\))Tj /TT158 1 Tf 0 Tc 12 0 0 12 413.4761 638.2192 Tm ( )Tj ET /GS79 gs q 90 0 0 81.42 434.5361 647.7591 cm /Im71 Do Q 1 0 0 1 -10.4839 544.3588 cm 0.502 0.502 0.502 SC 5.5 w /GS78 gs 445.02 103.82 m 535.02 103.82 l S 1 1 1 SC 445.02 193.82 m 445.02 94.82 l S 3.5 w 535.02 193.82 m 535.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 10.4839 -544.3588 cm BT /TT161 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0008 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 513.7961 638.2192 Tm [( )6(d\))]TJ /TT158 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 12 0 0 12 529.576 638.2192 Tm ( )Tj ET 1 0 0 1 -10.4839 544.3588 cm 2 w 94.02 193.82 m 94.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 10.4839 -544.3588 cm BT /TT161 1 Tf -0.0007 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 76.7614 615.6384 Tm (c\))Tj /TT158 1 Tf 0 Tc 12 0 0 12 84.4414 615.6384 Tm ( )Tj /TT161 1 Tf -0.0007 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 171.1169 638.2192 Tm (c\))Tj /TT158 1 Tf 0 Tc 12 0 0 12 178.7969 638.2192 Tm ( )Tj /TT161 1 Tf -0.0007 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 76.7614 608.6384 Tm (c\))Tj /TT158 1 Tf 0 Tc 12 0 0 12 84.4414 608.6384 Tm ( )Tj ET endstream endobj 371 0 obj 8722 endobj 372 0 obj << /Length 373 0 R >> stream /CS152 cs 0 0 0 sc 1 i /RelativeColorimetric ri /GS80 gs BT /TT162 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0294 Tw 12 0 0 12 103.1542 530.9124 Tm [(The land us)5(e change simulations w)8(e)-1(re accom)8(p)1(lished by tw)8(o types of stochastic tran)6(sition )]TJ -0.0002 Tc 0.2502 Tw -1.775 -1.15 Td [(algorithm)8(s)-1( \226 \223expander\224 and \223patcher\224 \226 wh)]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.2479 Tw 19.315 0 Td (ich operate changes through expansion and )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1232 Tw -19.315 -1.15 Td [(diffusion, respectively. These sim)8(u)1(lations were )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.1244 Tw 19.76 0 Td (validated according to)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1195 Tw 9.145 0 Td [( a )-10(m)8(u)1(ltiple resolution)6( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.1646 Tw -28.905 -1.15 Td [(fitting m)8(e)-1(thod \(Constan)5(za, 1989\), and the va)]TJ 0.1638 Tw 18.875 0 Td [(lu)5(es obtained for windows 3x3, 5x5 and 9x9)5( )]TJ 0.0296 Tw -18.875 -1.15 Td (were 0.862682, 0.864872, and 0.864644, respectively for S1, S2, and S3. \ It is observable that )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1095 Tw 0 -1.15 TD [(the land use transitions com)8(p)1(ly with econom)]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.1105 Tw 18.55 0 Td (ic theories of urban growth and change)Tj /TT163 1 Tf 0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 499.8142 461.9124 Tm (, )Tj /TT162 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 12 0 0 12 506.1742 461.9124 Tm (which )Tj 0.0007 Tc 0.0003 Tw -35.36 -1.15 Td [(m)9(axi)-6(m)9(i)-1(ze consum)9(ers\264 and m)9(arkets\264 utilities in)]TJ 0.001 Tc -0.0017 Tw 18.53 0 Td [( te)5(rm)9(s of real s)5(t)-1(ate p)6(r)-1(ic)5(es a)5(nd access)5(i)-1(bility. )]TJ /TT163 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw -18.53 -2.16 Td (7.)Tj /TT164 1 Tf ( )Tj /TT163 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 1.5 0 Td (Conclusions )Tj /TT162 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0024 Tw -1.5 -1.64 Td (Cities are open and non-linear co)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.0045 Tw 13.27 0 Td [(m)8(p)1(lex system)8(s. ANN though proved )]TJ 0.0009 Tc 0.0007 Tw (to have the cap)Tj 0.0007 Tc -0.0007 Tw 20.94 0 Td (ability to )Tj 0.0002 Tc 0.1298 Tw -34.21 -1.15 Td (model non-linear features and handle well the )Tj 0.0001 Tc 19.49 0 Td [(uncertainties of spatial data. ANN h)-5(a)-1(ve two )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.0185 Tw -19.49 -1.15 Td [(m)8(a)-1(in disadvantages: they are black-box devises and )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0198 Tw 21.115 0 Td [(the user\264s intervention is still decisive for)-7( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.0896 Tw -21.115 -1.15 Td (the results quality. Further studies are needed )Tj 0.0897 Tw 19.025 0 Td (to assess the responsiveness of the simulation )Tj 0.0005 Tc -0.0011 Tw -19.025 -1.15 Td [(outputs in)6( face of changes in the type,)6( structur)]TJ 0.0007 Tc -0.0023 Tw 18.47 0 Td [(e an)6(d internal param)9(ete)]TJ 0.0004 Tc -0.0004 Tw 9.35 0 Td [(rs of the network.)5( )]TJ /TT163 1 Tf 0.0007 Tc 0 Tw -27.82 -2.16 Td [(References)5( )]TJ /TT162 1 Tf -0.0011 Tc 0.0146 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 81.8542 303.5724 Tm [(Batty, M; Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, H.; Eichen)-4(, M. Urban)-4( )6(syste)-6(m)10(s as cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata,)]TJ /TT165 1 Tf -0.0022 Tc 0.0157 Tw 29 0 Td [( E)-8(n)-5(vironm)-5(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plan)-5(n)-5(i)6(ng)-5( B)]TJ /TT162 1 Tf 0.0025 Tc 0.011 Tw 12.7605 0 Td [(,)7( v.)7(2)6(4, )6(p.)13( )]TJ -0.0026 Tc -0.0019 Tw -41.7605 -1.1497 Td [(1)-6(59-)-5(164)-6(, 19)-6(97)-6(. )]TJ -0.0018 Tc 0.0811 Tw 0 -1.6467 TD [(Co)-5(n)-5(s)-2(tan)-5(za, R. )6(Mo)-5(d)-5(e)-1(l goo)-5(dn)-5(ess o)-5(f)-4( fit: a )-6(m)10(u)-5(ltip)-5(le reso)-5(lu)-5(tion p)-5(r)2(o)-5(cedu)-5(r)-4(e, )]TJ /TT165 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0817 Tw 28.9461 0 Td [(Eco)-5(log)-5(ica)-5(l Mod)-5(e)4(llin)-5(g)]TJ /TT162 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.0749 Tw 8.7545 0 Td [(, )-6(v)-4(.)3(47)-4(, p)-4(.)-3( 1)-4(99-)-4(215)-4(,)-9( )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0 Tw -37.7006 -1.1437 Td [(1)-4(989)-4(. )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0.062 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, )6(H. )6(Cellu)-4(lar wo)-4(rl)8(ds: a fram)11(ewo)-4(rk for m)11(o)-4(d)-4(ellin)-4(g micro)-4(-)-3(m)11(acro)-4( )6(d)-4(y)2(n)-4(am)11(i)2(cs, )]TJ /TT165 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0.0641 Tw 33.5569 0 Td [(En)-6(viro)-6(nm)-5(en)-6(ta)-6(l and)-6( Plann)-6(ing)-6( )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw -33.5569 -1.1497 Td (A)Tj /TT162 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw [(, v)-4(.)3(1)-4(7)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 58)-4(5-)-4(596)-4(, 19)-4(85)-4(. )]TJ -0.0005 Tc 0.0559 Tw 0 -1.6467 TD [(Dead)-3(m)11(an)-3(,)-2( P.; )6(Brown, R. )6(D.; )6(Gim)11(b)-3(let)-4(t)2(, P. M)8(o)-3(d)-3(elling)-3( )6(rura)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0575 Tw 23.0838 0 Td [(l resid)-5(e)-1(n)-5(tial settle)-7(m)9(e)-1(n)-5(t p)-5(a)-1(tterns with)-5( cellu)-5(lar au)-5(to)-5(m)9(a)-1(ta,)-10( )]TJ /TT165 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc -0.0006 Tw -23.0838 -1.1497 Td [(Jou)5(r)2(n)5(a)-1(l)5( )6(of)5( Env)9(i)5(ron)5(me)9(n)-1(t)5(a)-1(l)5( M)9(a)5(na)5(ge)9(ment)]TJ /TT162 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 15.7784 0 Td [(, )-6( v)-5(.)-3( 37)-5(, p)-5(.)3( )-6(147)-5(-16)-5(0)1(, 1)-5(993)-5(. )]TJ 0.0017 Tc 0.0357 Tw -15.7784 -1.5449 Td [(Fi)4(sher)5(, M)5(. M)5(.;)10( Ab)5(ra)8(hart)4(, R)4(. J)8(. Ne)8(ur)5(oc)8(om)13(put)4(i)4(ng \226)5( t)4(o)5(ol)4(s f)5(o)-1(r )6(geo)5(g)5(r)-1(ap)5(her)5(s)2(. I)5(n)-1(:)4( O)5(p)-1(en)5(sha)8(w)-1(, )6(S.;)4( A)5(b)-1(ra)8(hart)4(, R)10(. J. \(e)8(ds)8(\))5(,)6( )]TJ /TT165 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(G)-5(e)-2(o)-6(c)4(om)-5(pu)-6(ta)-6(ti)6(o)-6(n)]TJ /TT162 1 Tf -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw 6.6527 0 Td [(, )6(N)-5(e)-2(w Yo)-5(rk)-5(:)6( Taylo)-5(r)-5( )6(& Fr)-5(ancis, ch)-5(ap)-5(.8)-5(, p. )6(1)-5(87-)-5(217)-5(, )6(20)-5(00)-5(. )]TJ -0.0013 Tc 0.0028 Tw -6.6527 -1.5449 Td [(Gong)-4(, P. In)-4(tegrated)-4( an)-4(alysis o)-4(f)-4( sp)-4(atial d)-4(a)-1(ta )-6(fro)-4(m)10( )-6(m)10(u)-10(ltip)]TJ -0.0016 Tc 0.0031 Tw 22.2096 0 Td [(le )-6(so)-5(urces: u)-5(s)-2(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( )6(ev)-5(id)-5(en)-5(tial reaso)-5(n)-5(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( an)-5(d)-5( artificial n)-5(e)-1(u)-5(r)-4(al)7( )]TJ 0.0019 Tc 0.0774 Tw -22.2096 -1.1497 Td [(net)4(w)6(or)6(k t)4(ech)5(ni)10(que)9(s f)6(o)-1(r )6(ge)9(ol)4(o)5(g)-1(i)4(cal)4( m)13(a)3(ppi)4(ng,)6( )]TJ /TT165 1 Tf 0.0012 Tc 0.0722 Tw 18.2455 0 Td [(Ph)4(ot)4(o)4(g)-2(ra)4(m)5(m)-1(e)8(t)4(ri)4(c )-6(Engi)10(neeri)4(ng a)4(nd Rem)5(o)-2(t)10(e)2( )-6(Sen)4(s)1(i)4(n)4(g)]TJ /TT162 1 Tf 0.002 Tc 0.0714 Tw 20.8862 0 Td [(, v. 6)5(2)-1(, p. 51)5(3)5(-)]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.003 Tw -39.1317 -1.1437 Td [(5)-4(2)2(3)-4(,)3( 199)-4(6. )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0.0087 Tw 0 -1.5509 TD [(Li, X.; )6(Yeh)-4(,)-3( )6(A. G. Calibration o)-4(f)3( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata b)-4(y)2( u)-4(s)]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0.0054 Tw 22.6527 0 Td [(i)5(n)-1(g)5( ne)9(ural)5( )6(net)5(w)6(or)6(ks )6(fo)5(r t)5(h)-1(e)9( si)5(m)14(u)-7(l)5(a)3(t)5(i)5(on o)5(f c)9(o)-1(m)14(p)-1(lex )6(ur)6(ban)11( )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0 Tw -22.6527 -1.1437 Td [(syste)-6(m)11(s, )]TJ /TT165 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0063 Tw 3.6587 0 Td [(Envi)4(r)8(o)-1(n)5(m)-1(e)9(n)-1(t)4(a)-1(l)4( an)5(d Pl)4(an)5(ni)4(n)5(g)-1( )-6(A)]TJ /TT162 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 12.4491 0 Td [(, v)-5(.)-3( 3)-5(3)1(, p)-5(.)-3( 14)-5(45-)-4(146)-5(2, 2)-5(001)-5(. )]TJ 0 g ET /GS81 gs BT /T1_40 9 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 1 0 0 1 287.492 28.8 Tm (3704)Tj ET q 90 0 0 81.42 200.5361 647.7591 cm /Im72 Do Q 1 0 0 1 -10.4839 544.3588 cm /CS152 CS 0.004 0.004 0.004 SC 1 w 8 M 0 j 1 J []0 d /GS80 gs 85.02 89.24 108 108 re S /GS81 gs q 90 0 0 86.94 94.02 101.3003 cm /Im73 Do Q /GS80 gs 202.02 89.24 108 108 re 319.02 89.24 108 108 re 436.02 89.24 108 108 re S 0.502 0.502 0.502 SC 5.5 w 10 M 1 j 0 J 210.9 103.82 m 300.9 103.82 l S 1 1 1 SC 4 w 210.9 193.82 m 210.9 94.82 l S 5 w 301.02 193.82 m 301.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 10.4839 -544.3588 cm /CS152 cs 0 0 0 sc BT /TT165 1 Tf 0.003 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 288.7961 638.2192 Tm [(b\))13( )]TJ ET /GS81 gs q 90 0 0 85.74 317.5361 643.4392 cm /Im74 Do Q 1 0 0 1 -10.4839 544.3588 cm 0.502 0.502 0.502 SC 5.5 w /GS80 gs 328.02 103.82 m 418.02 103.82 l S 1 1 1 SC 7 w 328.02 193.82 m 328.02 94.82 l S 4.5 w 418.02 193.82 m 418.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 10.4839 -544.3588 cm BT /TT165 1 Tf -0.0007 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 405.7961 638.2192 Tm (c\))Tj /TT162 1 Tf 0 Tc 12 0 0 12 413.4761 638.2192 Tm ( )Tj ET /GS81 gs q 90 0 0 81.42 434.5361 647.7591 cm /Im75 Do Q 1 0 0 1 -10.4839 544.3588 cm 0.502 0.502 0.502 SC 5.5 w /GS80 gs 445.02 103.82 m 535.02 103.82 l S 1 1 1 SC 445.02 193.82 m 445.02 94.82 l S 3.5 w 535.02 193.82 m 535.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 10.4839 -544.3588 cm BT /TT165 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0008 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 513.7961 638.2192 Tm [( )6(d\))]TJ /TT162 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 12 0 0 12 529.576 638.2192 Tm ( )Tj ET 1 0 0 1 -10.4839 544.3588 cm 2 w 94.02 193.82 m 94.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 10.4839 -544.3588 cm BT /TT165 1 Tf -0.0007 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 76.7614 615.6384 Tm (c\))Tj /TT162 1 Tf 0 Tc 12 0 0 12 84.4414 615.6384 Tm ( )Tj /TT165 1 Tf -0.0007 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 171.1169 638.2192 Tm (c\))Tj /TT162 1 Tf 0 Tc 12 0 0 12 178.7969 638.2192 Tm ( )Tj /TT165 1 Tf -0.0007 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 76.7614 607.6384 Tm (c\))Tj /TT162 1 Tf 0 Tc 12 0 0 12 84.4414 607.6384 Tm ( )Tj ET endstream endobj 373 0 obj 8722 endobj 374 0 obj << /Length 375 0 R >> stream /CS158 cs 0 0 0 sc 1 i /RelativeColorimetric ri /GS82 gs BT /TT166 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0294 Tw 12 0 0 12 103.1542 530.9124 Tm [(The land us)5(e change simulations w)8(e)-1(re accom)8(p)1(lished by tw)8(o types of stochastic tran)6(sition )]TJ -0.0002 Tc 0.2502 Tw -1.775 -1.15 Td [(algorithm)8(s)-1( \226 \223expander\224 and \223patcher\224 \226 wh)]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.2479 Tw 19.315 0 Td (ich operate changes through expansion and )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1232 Tw -19.315 -1.15 Td [(diffusion, respectively. These sim)8(u)1(lations were )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.1244 Tw 19.76 0 Td (validated according to)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1195 Tw 9.145 0 Td [( a )-10(m)8(u)1(ltiple resolution)6( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.1646 Tw -28.905 -1.15 Td [(fitting m)8(e)-1(thod \(Constan)5(za, 1989\), and the va)]TJ 0.1638 Tw 18.875 0 Td [(lu)5(es obtained for windows 3x3, 5x5 and 9x9)5( )]TJ 0.0296 Tw -18.875 -1.15 Td (were 0.862682, 0.864872, and 0.864644, respectively for S1, S2, and S3. \ It is observable that )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1095 Tw 0 -1.15 TD [(the land use transitions com)8(p)1(ly with econom)]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.1105 Tw 18.55 0 Td (ic theories of urban growth and change)Tj /TT167 1 Tf 0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 499.8142 461.9124 Tm (, )Tj /TT166 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 12 0 0 12 506.1742 461.9124 Tm (which )Tj 0.0007 Tc 0.0003 Tw -35.36 -1.15 Td [(m)9(axi)-6(m)9(i)-1(ze consum)9(ers\264 and m)9(arkets\264 utilities in)]TJ 0.001 Tc -0.0017 Tw 18.53 0 Td [( te)5(rm)9(s of real s)5(t)-1(ate p)6(r)-1(ic)5(es a)5(nd access)5(i)-1(bility. )]TJ /TT167 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw -18.53 -2.16 Td (7.)Tj /TT168 1 Tf ( )Tj /TT167 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 1.5 0 Td (Conclusions )Tj /TT166 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0024 Tw -1.5 -1.64 Td (Cities are open and non-linear co)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.0045 Tw 13.27 0 Td [(m)8(p)1(lex system)8(s. ANN though proved )]TJ 0.0009 Tc 0.0007 Tw (to have the cap)Tj 0.0007 Tc -0.0007 Tw 20.94 0 Td (ability to )Tj 0.0002 Tc 0.1298 Tw -34.21 -1.15 Td (model non-linear features and handle well the )Tj 0.0001 Tc 19.49 0 Td [(uncertainties of spatial data. ANN h)-5(a)-1(ve two )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.0185 Tw -19.49 -1.15 Td [(m)8(a)-1(in disadvantages: they are black-box devises and )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0198 Tw 21.115 0 Td [(the user\264s intervention is still decisive for)-7( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.0896 Tw -21.115 -1.15 Td (the results quality. Further studies are needed )Tj 0.0897 Tw 19.025 0 Td (to assess the responsiveness of the simulation )Tj 0.0005 Tc -0.0011 Tw -19.025 -1.15 Td [(outputs in)6( face of changes in the type,)6( structur)]TJ 0.0007 Tc -0.0023 Tw 18.47 0 Td [(e an)6(d internal param)9(ete)]TJ 0.0004 Tc -0.0004 Tw 9.35 0 Td [(rs of the network.)5( )]TJ /TT167 1 Tf 0.0007 Tc 0 Tw -27.82 -2.16 Td [(References)5( )]TJ /TT166 1 Tf -0.0011 Tc 0.0146 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 81.8542 303.5724 Tm [(Batty, M; Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, H.; Eichen)-4(, M. Urban)-4( )6(syste)-6(m)10(s as cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata,)]TJ /TT169 1 Tf -0.0022 Tc 0.0157 Tw 29 0 Td [( E)-8(n)-5(vironm)-5(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plan)-5(n)-5(i)6(ng)-5( B)]TJ /TT166 1 Tf 0.0025 Tc 0.011 Tw 12.7605 0 Td [(,)7( v.)7(2)6(4, )6(p.)13( )]TJ -0.0026 Tc -0.0019 Tw -41.7605 -1.1497 Td [(1)-6(59-)-5(164)-6(, 19)-6(97)-6(. )]TJ -0.0018 Tc 0.0811 Tw 0 -1.6467 TD [(Co)-5(n)-5(s)-2(tan)-5(za, R. )6(Mo)-5(d)-5(e)-1(l goo)-5(dn)-5(ess o)-5(f)-4( fit: a )-6(m)10(u)-5(ltip)-5(le reso)-5(lu)-5(tion p)-5(r)2(o)-5(cedu)-5(r)-4(e, )]TJ /TT169 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0817 Tw 28.9461 0 Td [(Eco)-5(log)-5(ica)-5(l Mod)-5(e)4(llin)-5(g)]TJ /TT166 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.0749 Tw 8.7545 0 Td [(, )-6(v)-4(.)3(47)-4(, p)-4(.)-3( 1)-4(99-)-4(215)-4(,)-9( )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0 Tw -37.7006 -1.1437 Td [(1)-4(989)-4(. )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0.062 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, )6(H. )6(Cellu)-4(lar wo)-4(rl)8(ds: a fram)11(ewo)-4(rk for m)11(o)-4(d)-4(ellin)-4(g micro)-4(-)-3(m)11(acro)-4( )6(d)-4(y)2(n)-4(am)11(i)2(cs, )]TJ /TT169 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0.0641 Tw 33.5569 0 Td [(En)-6(viro)-6(nm)-5(en)-6(ta)-6(l and)-6( Plann)-6(ing)-6( )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw -33.5569 -1.1497 Td (A)Tj /TT166 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw [(, v)-4(.)3(1)-4(7)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 58)-4(5-)-4(596)-4(, 19)-4(85)-4(. )]TJ -0.0005 Tc 0.0559 Tw 0 -1.6467 TD [(Dead)-3(m)11(an)-3(,)-2( P.; )6(Brown, R. )6(D.; )6(Gim)11(b)-3(let)-4(t)2(, P. M)8(o)-3(d)-3(elling)-3( )6(rura)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0575 Tw 23.0838 0 Td [(l resid)-5(e)-1(n)-5(tial settle)-7(m)9(e)-1(n)-5(t p)-5(a)-1(tterns with)-5( cellu)-5(lar au)-5(to)-5(m)9(a)-1(ta,)-10( )]TJ /TT169 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc -0.0006 Tw -23.0838 -1.1497 Td [(Jou)5(r)2(n)5(a)-1(l)5( )6(of)5( Env)9(i)5(ron)5(me)9(n)-1(t)5(a)-1(l)5( M)9(a)5(na)5(ge)9(ment)]TJ /TT166 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 15.7784 0 Td [(, )-6( v)-5(.)-3( 37)-5(, p)-5(.)3( )-6(147)-5(-16)-5(0)1(, 1)-5(993)-5(. )]TJ 0.0017 Tc 0.0357 Tw -15.7784 -1.5449 Td [(Fi)4(sher)5(, M)5(. M)5(.;)10( Ab)5(ra)8(hart)4(, R)4(. J)8(. Ne)8(ur)5(oc)8(om)13(put)4(i)4(ng \226)5( t)4(o)5(ol)4(s f)5(o)-1(r )6(geo)5(g)5(r)-1(ap)5(her)5(s)2(. I)5(n)-1(:)4( O)5(p)-1(en)5(sha)8(w)-1(, )6(S.;)4( A)5(b)-1(ra)8(hart)4(, R)10(. J. \(e)8(ds)8(\))5(,)6( )]TJ /TT169 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(G)-5(e)-2(o)-6(c)4(om)-5(pu)-6(ta)-6(ti)6(o)-6(n)]TJ /TT166 1 Tf -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw 6.6527 0 Td [(, )6(N)-5(e)-2(w Yo)-5(rk)-5(:)6( Taylo)-5(r)-5( )6(& Fr)-5(ancis, ch)-5(ap)-5(.8)-5(, p. )6(1)-5(87-)-5(217)-5(, )6(20)-5(00)-5(. )]TJ -0.0013 Tc 0.0028 Tw -6.6527 -1.5449 Td [(Gong)-4(, P. In)-4(tegrated)-4( an)-4(alysis o)-4(f)-4( sp)-4(atial d)-4(a)-1(ta )-6(fro)-4(m)10( )-6(m)10(u)-10(ltip)]TJ -0.0016 Tc 0.0031 Tw 22.2096 0 Td [(le )-6(so)-5(urces: u)-5(s)-2(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( )6(ev)-5(id)-5(en)-5(tial reaso)-5(n)-5(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( an)-5(d)-5( artificial n)-5(e)-1(u)-5(r)-4(al)7( )]TJ 0.0019 Tc 0.0774 Tw -22.2096 -1.1497 Td [(net)4(w)6(or)6(k t)4(ech)5(ni)10(que)9(s f)6(o)-1(r )6(ge)9(ol)4(o)5(g)-1(i)4(cal)4( m)13(a)3(ppi)4(ng,)6( )]TJ /TT169 1 Tf 0.0012 Tc 0.0722 Tw 18.2455 0 Td [(Ph)4(ot)4(o)4(g)-2(ra)4(m)5(m)-1(e)8(t)4(ri)4(c )-6(Engi)10(neeri)4(ng a)4(nd Rem)5(o)-2(t)10(e)2( )-6(Sen)4(s)1(i)4(n)4(g)]TJ /TT166 1 Tf 0.002 Tc 0.0714 Tw 20.8862 0 Td [(, v. 6)5(2)-1(, p. 51)5(3)5(-)]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.003 Tw -39.1317 -1.1437 Td [(5)-4(2)2(3)-4(,)3( 199)-4(6. )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0.0087 Tw 0 -1.5509 TD [(Li, X.; )6(Yeh)-4(,)-3( )6(A. G. Calibration o)-4(f)3( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata b)-4(y)2( u)-4(s)]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0.0054 Tw 22.6527 0 Td [(i)5(n)-1(g)5( ne)9(ural)5( )6(net)5(w)6(or)6(ks )6(fo)5(r t)5(h)-1(e)9( si)5(m)14(u)-7(l)5(a)3(t)5(i)5(on o)5(f c)9(o)-1(m)14(p)-1(lex )6(ur)6(ban)11( )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0 Tw -22.6527 -1.1437 Td [(syste)-6(m)11(s, )]TJ /TT169 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0063 Tw 3.6587 0 Td [(Envi)4(r)8(o)-1(n)5(m)-1(e)9(n)-1(t)4(a)-1(l)4( an)5(d Pl)4(an)5(ni)4(n)5(g)-1( )-6(A)]TJ /TT166 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 12.4491 0 Td [(, v)-5(.)-3( 3)-5(3)1(, p)-5(.)-3( 14)-5(45-)-4(146)-5(2, 2)-5(001)-5(. )]TJ 0 g ET /GS83 gs BT /T1_41 9 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 1 0 0 1 287.492 28.8 Tm (3704)Tj ET q 90 0 0 81.42 200.5361 647.7591 cm /Im76 Do Q 1 0 0 1 -10.4839 544.3588 cm /CS158 CS 0.004 0.004 0.004 SC 1 w 8 M 0 j 1 J []0 d /GS82 gs 85.02 89.24 108 108 re S /GS83 gs q 90 0 0 86.94 94.02 101.3003 cm /Im77 Do Q /GS82 gs 202.02 89.24 108 108 re 319.02 89.24 108 108 re 436.02 89.24 108 108 re S 0.502 0.502 0.502 SC 5.5 w 10 M 1 j 0 J 210.9 103.82 m 300.9 103.82 l S 1 1 1 SC 4 w 210.9 193.82 m 210.9 94.82 l S 5 w 301.02 193.82 m 301.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 10.4839 -544.3588 cm /CS158 cs 0 0 0 sc BT /TT169 1 Tf 0.003 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 288.7961 638.2192 Tm [(b\))13( )]TJ ET /GS83 gs q 90 0 0 85.74 317.5361 643.4392 cm /Im78 Do Q 1 0 0 1 -10.4839 544.3588 cm 0.502 0.502 0.502 SC 5.5 w /GS82 gs 328.02 103.82 m 418.02 103.82 l S 1 1 1 SC 7 w 328.02 193.82 m 328.02 94.82 l S 4.5 w 418.02 193.82 m 418.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 10.4839 -544.3588 cm BT /TT169 1 Tf -0.0007 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 405.7961 638.2192 Tm (c\))Tj /TT166 1 Tf 0 Tc 12 0 0 12 413.4761 638.2192 Tm ( )Tj ET /GS83 gs q 90 0 0 81.42 434.5361 647.7591 cm /Im79 Do Q 1 0 0 1 -10.4839 544.3588 cm 0.502 0.502 0.502 SC 5.5 w /GS82 gs 445.02 103.82 m 535.02 103.82 l S 1 1 1 SC 445.02 193.82 m 445.02 94.82 l S 3.5 w 535.02 193.82 m 535.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 10.4839 -544.3588 cm BT /TT169 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0008 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 513.7961 638.2192 Tm [( )6(d\))]TJ /TT166 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 12 0 0 12 529.576 638.2192 Tm ( )Tj ET 1 0 0 1 -10.4839 544.3588 cm 2 w 94.02 193.82 m 94.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 10.4839 -544.3588 cm BT /TT169 1 Tf -0.0007 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 76.7614 615.6384 Tm (c\))Tj /TT166 1 Tf 0 Tc 12 0 0 12 84.4414 615.6384 Tm ( )Tj /TT169 1 Tf -0.0007 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 171.1169 638.2192 Tm (c\))Tj /TT166 1 Tf 0 Tc 12 0 0 12 178.7969 638.2192 Tm ( )Tj /TT169 1 Tf -0.0007 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 76.7614 606.6384 Tm (c\))Tj /TT166 1 Tf 0 Tc 12 0 0 12 84.4414 606.6384 Tm ( )Tj ET endstream endobj 375 0 obj 8722 endobj 376 0 obj << /Length 377 0 R >> stream /CS164 cs 0 0 0 sc 1 i /RelativeColorimetric ri /GS84 gs BT /TT170 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0294 Tw 12 0 0 12 103.1542 530.9124 Tm [(The land us)5(e change simulations w)8(e)-1(re accom)8(p)1(lished by tw)8(o types of stochastic tran)6(sition )]TJ -0.0002 Tc 0.2502 Tw -1.775 -1.15 Td [(algorithm)8(s)-1( \226 \223expander\224 and \223patcher\224 \226 wh)]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.2479 Tw 19.315 0 Td (ich operate changes through expansion and )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1232 Tw -19.315 -1.15 Td [(diffusion, respectively. These sim)8(u)1(lations were )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.1244 Tw 19.76 0 Td (validated according to)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1195 Tw 9.145 0 Td [( a )-10(m)8(u)1(ltiple resolution)6( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.1646 Tw -28.905 -1.15 Td [(fitting m)8(e)-1(thod \(Constan)5(za, 1989\), and the va)]TJ 0.1638 Tw 18.875 0 Td [(lu)5(es obtained for windows 3x3, 5x5 and 9x9)5( )]TJ 0.0296 Tw -18.875 -1.15 Td (were 0.862682, 0.864872, and 0.864644, respectively for S1, S2, and S3. \ It is observable that )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1095 Tw 0 -1.15 TD [(the land use transitions com)8(p)1(ly with econom)]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.1105 Tw 18.55 0 Td (ic theories of urban growth and change)Tj /TT171 1 Tf 0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 499.8142 461.9124 Tm (, )Tj /TT170 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 12 0 0 12 506.1742 461.9124 Tm (which )Tj 0.0007 Tc 0.0003 Tw -35.36 -1.15 Td [(m)9(axi)-6(m)9(i)-1(ze consum)9(ers\264 and m)9(arkets\264 utilities in)]TJ 0.001 Tc -0.0017 Tw 18.53 0 Td [( te)5(rm)9(s of real s)5(t)-1(ate p)6(r)-1(ic)5(es a)5(nd access)5(i)-1(bility. )]TJ /TT171 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw -18.53 -2.16 Td (7.)Tj /TT172 1 Tf ( )Tj /TT171 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 1.5 0 Td (Conclusions )Tj /TT170 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0024 Tw -1.5 -1.64 Td (Cities are open and non-linear co)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.0045 Tw 13.27 0 Td [(m)8(p)1(lex system)8(s. ANN though proved )]TJ 0.0009 Tc 0.0007 Tw (to have the cap)Tj 0.0007 Tc -0.0007 Tw 20.94 0 Td (ability to )Tj 0.0002 Tc 0.1298 Tw -34.21 -1.15 Td (model non-linear features and handle well the )Tj 0.0001 Tc 19.49 0 Td [(uncertainties of spatial data. ANN h)-5(a)-1(ve two )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.0185 Tw -19.49 -1.15 Td [(m)8(a)-1(in disadvantages: they are black-box devises and )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0198 Tw 21.115 0 Td [(the user\264s intervention is still decisive for)-7( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.0896 Tw -21.115 -1.15 Td (the results quality. Further studies are needed )Tj 0.0897 Tw 19.025 0 Td (to assess the responsiveness of the simulation )Tj 0.0005 Tc -0.0011 Tw -19.025 -1.15 Td [(outputs in)6( face of changes in the type,)6( structur)]TJ 0.0007 Tc -0.0023 Tw 18.47 0 Td [(e an)6(d internal param)9(ete)]TJ 0.0004 Tc -0.0004 Tw 9.35 0 Td [(rs of the network.)5( )]TJ /TT171 1 Tf 0.0007 Tc 0 Tw -27.82 -2.16 Td [(References)5( )]TJ /TT170 1 Tf -0.0011 Tc 0.0146 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 81.8542 303.5724 Tm [(Batty, M; Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, H.; Eichen)-4(, M. Urban)-4( )6(syste)-6(m)10(s as cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata,)]TJ /TT173 1 Tf -0.0022 Tc 0.0157 Tw 29 0 Td [( E)-8(n)-5(vironm)-5(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plan)-5(n)-5(i)6(ng)-5( B)]TJ /TT170 1 Tf 0.0025 Tc 0.011 Tw 12.7605 0 Td [(,)7( v.)7(2)6(4, )6(p.)13( )]TJ -0.0026 Tc -0.0019 Tw -41.7605 -1.1497 Td [(1)-6(59-)-5(164)-6(, 19)-6(97)-6(. )]TJ -0.0018 Tc 0.0811 Tw 0 -1.6467 TD [(Co)-5(n)-5(s)-2(tan)-5(za, R. )6(Mo)-5(d)-5(e)-1(l goo)-5(dn)-5(ess o)-5(f)-4( fit: a )-6(m)10(u)-5(ltip)-5(le reso)-5(lu)-5(tion p)-5(r)2(o)-5(cedu)-5(r)-4(e, )]TJ /TT173 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0817 Tw 28.9461 0 Td [(Eco)-5(log)-5(ica)-5(l Mod)-5(e)4(llin)-5(g)]TJ /TT170 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.0749 Tw 8.7545 0 Td [(, )-6(v)-4(.)3(47)-4(, p)-4(.)-3( 1)-4(99-)-4(215)-4(,)-9( )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0 Tw -37.7006 -1.1437 Td [(1)-4(989)-4(. )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0.062 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, )6(H. )6(Cellu)-4(lar wo)-4(rl)8(ds: a fram)11(ewo)-4(rk for m)11(o)-4(d)-4(ellin)-4(g micro)-4(-)-3(m)11(acro)-4( )6(d)-4(y)2(n)-4(am)11(i)2(cs, )]TJ /TT173 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0.0641 Tw 33.5569 0 Td [(En)-6(viro)-6(nm)-5(en)-6(ta)-6(l and)-6( Plann)-6(ing)-6( )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw -33.5569 -1.1497 Td (A)Tj /TT170 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw [(, v)-4(.)3(1)-4(7)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 58)-4(5-)-4(596)-4(, 19)-4(85)-4(. )]TJ -0.0005 Tc 0.0559 Tw 0 -1.6467 TD [(Dead)-3(m)11(an)-3(,)-2( P.; )6(Brown, R. )6(D.; )6(Gim)11(b)-3(let)-4(t)2(, P. M)8(o)-3(d)-3(elling)-3( )6(rura)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0575 Tw 23.0838 0 Td [(l resid)-5(e)-1(n)-5(tial settle)-7(m)9(e)-1(n)-5(t p)-5(a)-1(tterns with)-5( cellu)-5(lar au)-5(to)-5(m)9(a)-1(ta,)-10( )]TJ /TT173 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc -0.0006 Tw -23.0838 -1.1497 Td [(Jou)5(r)2(n)5(a)-1(l)5( )6(of)5( Env)9(i)5(ron)5(me)9(n)-1(t)5(a)-1(l)5( M)9(a)5(na)5(ge)9(ment)]TJ /TT170 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 15.7784 0 Td [(, )-6( v)-5(.)-3( 37)-5(, p)-5(.)3( )-6(147)-5(-16)-5(0)1(, 1)-5(993)-5(. )]TJ 0.0017 Tc 0.0357 Tw -15.7784 -1.5449 Td [(Fi)4(sher)5(, M)5(. M)5(.;)10( Ab)5(ra)8(hart)4(, R)4(. J)8(. Ne)8(ur)5(oc)8(om)13(put)4(i)4(ng \226)5( t)4(o)5(ol)4(s f)5(o)-1(r )6(geo)5(g)5(r)-1(ap)5(her)5(s)2(. I)5(n)-1(:)4( O)5(p)-1(en)5(sha)8(w)-1(, )6(S.;)4( A)5(b)-1(ra)8(hart)4(, R)10(. J. \(e)8(ds)8(\))5(,)6( )]TJ /TT173 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(G)-5(e)-2(o)-6(c)4(om)-5(pu)-6(ta)-6(ti)6(o)-6(n)]TJ /TT170 1 Tf -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw 6.6527 0 Td [(, )6(N)-5(e)-2(w Yo)-5(rk)-5(:)6( Taylo)-5(r)-5( )6(& Fr)-5(ancis, ch)-5(ap)-5(.8)-5(, p. )6(1)-5(87-)-5(217)-5(, )6(20)-5(00)-5(. )]TJ -0.0013 Tc 0.0028 Tw -6.6527 -1.5449 Td [(Gong)-4(, P. In)-4(tegrated)-4( an)-4(alysis o)-4(f)-4( sp)-4(atial d)-4(a)-1(ta )-6(fro)-4(m)10( )-6(m)10(u)-10(ltip)]TJ -0.0016 Tc 0.0031 Tw 22.2096 0 Td [(le )-6(so)-5(urces: u)-5(s)-2(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( )6(ev)-5(id)-5(en)-5(tial reaso)-5(n)-5(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( an)-5(d)-5( artificial n)-5(e)-1(u)-5(r)-4(al)7( )]TJ 0.0019 Tc 0.0774 Tw -22.2096 -1.1497 Td [(net)4(w)6(or)6(k t)4(ech)5(ni)10(que)9(s f)6(o)-1(r )6(ge)9(ol)4(o)5(g)-1(i)4(cal)4( m)13(a)3(ppi)4(ng,)6( )]TJ /TT173 1 Tf 0.0012 Tc 0.0722 Tw 18.2455 0 Td [(Ph)4(ot)4(o)4(g)-2(ra)4(m)5(m)-1(e)8(t)4(ri)4(c )-6(Engi)10(neeri)4(ng a)4(nd Rem)5(o)-2(t)10(e)2( )-6(Sen)4(s)1(i)4(n)4(g)]TJ /TT170 1 Tf 0.002 Tc 0.0714 Tw 20.8862 0 Td [(, v. 6)5(2)-1(, p. 51)5(3)5(-)]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.003 Tw -39.1317 -1.1437 Td [(5)-4(2)2(3)-4(,)3( 199)-4(6. )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0.0087 Tw 0 -1.5509 TD [(Li, X.; )6(Yeh)-4(,)-3( )6(A. G. Calibration o)-4(f)3( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata b)-4(y)2( u)-4(s)]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0.0054 Tw 22.6527 0 Td [(i)5(n)-1(g)5( ne)9(ural)5( )6(net)5(w)6(or)6(ks )6(fo)5(r t)5(h)-1(e)9( si)5(m)14(u)-7(l)5(a)3(t)5(i)5(on o)5(f c)9(o)-1(m)14(p)-1(lex )6(ur)6(ban)11( )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0 Tw -22.6527 -1.1437 Td [(syste)-6(m)11(s, )]TJ /TT173 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0063 Tw 3.6587 0 Td [(Envi)4(r)8(o)-1(n)5(m)-1(e)9(n)-1(t)4(a)-1(l)4( an)5(d Pl)4(an)5(ni)4(n)5(g)-1( )-6(A)]TJ /TT170 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 12.4491 0 Td [(, v)-5(.)-3( 3)-5(3)1(, p)-5(.)-3( 14)-5(45-)-4(146)-5(2, 2)-5(001)-5(. )]TJ 0 g ET /GS85 gs BT /T1_42 9 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 1 0 0 1 287.492 28.8 Tm (3704)Tj ET q 90 0 0 81.42 200.5361 647.7591 cm /Im80 Do Q 1 0 0 1 -10.4839 544.3588 cm /CS164 CS 0.004 0.004 0.004 SC 1 w 8 M 0 j 1 J []0 d /GS84 gs 85.02 89.24 108 108 re S /GS85 gs q 90 0 0 86.94 94.02 101.3003 cm /Im81 Do Q /GS84 gs 202.02 89.24 108 108 re 319.02 89.24 108 108 re 436.02 89.24 108 108 re S 0.502 0.502 0.502 SC 5.5 w 10 M 1 j 0 J 210.9 103.82 m 300.9 103.82 l S 1 1 1 SC 4 w 210.9 193.82 m 210.9 94.82 l S 5 w 301.02 193.82 m 301.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 10.4839 -544.3588 cm /CS164 cs 0 0 0 sc BT /TT173 1 Tf 0.003 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 288.7961 638.2192 Tm [(b\))13( )]TJ ET /GS85 gs q 90 0 0 85.74 317.5361 643.4392 cm /Im82 Do Q 1 0 0 1 -10.4839 544.3588 cm 0.502 0.502 0.502 SC 5.5 w /GS84 gs 328.02 103.82 m 418.02 103.82 l S 1 1 1 SC 7 w 328.02 193.82 m 328.02 94.82 l S 4.5 w 418.02 193.82 m 418.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 10.4839 -544.3588 cm BT /TT173 1 Tf -0.0007 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 405.7961 638.2192 Tm (c\))Tj /TT170 1 Tf 0 Tc 12 0 0 12 413.4761 638.2192 Tm ( )Tj ET /GS85 gs q 90 0 0 81.42 434.5361 647.7591 cm /Im83 Do Q 1 0 0 1 -10.4839 544.3588 cm 0.502 0.502 0.502 SC 5.5 w /GS84 gs 445.02 103.82 m 535.02 103.82 l S 1 1 1 SC 445.02 193.82 m 445.02 94.82 l S 3.5 w 535.02 193.82 m 535.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 10.4839 -544.3588 cm BT /TT173 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0008 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 513.7961 638.2192 Tm [( )6(d\))]TJ /TT170 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 12 0 0 12 529.576 638.2192 Tm ( )Tj ET 1 0 0 1 -10.4839 544.3588 cm 2 w 94.02 193.82 m 94.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 10.4839 -544.3588 cm BT /TT173 1 Tf -0.0007 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 76.7614 615.6384 Tm (c\))Tj /TT170 1 Tf 0 Tc 12 0 0 12 84.4414 615.6384 Tm ( )Tj /TT173 1 Tf -0.0007 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 171.1169 638.2192 Tm (c\))Tj /TT170 1 Tf 0 Tc 12 0 0 12 178.7969 638.2192 Tm ( )Tj /TT173 1 Tf -0.0007 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 76.7614 605.6384 Tm (c\))Tj /TT170 1 Tf 0 Tc 12 0 0 12 84.4414 605.6384 Tm ( )Tj ET endstream endobj 377 0 obj 8722 endobj 378 0 obj << /Length 379 0 R >> stream /CS170 cs 0 0 0 sc 1 i /RelativeColorimetric ri /GS86 gs BT /TT174 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0294 Tw 12 0 0 12 103.1542 530.9124 Tm [(The land us)5(e change simulations w)8(e)-1(re accom)8(p)1(lished by tw)8(o types of stochastic tran)6(sition )]TJ -0.0002 Tc 0.2502 Tw -1.775 -1.15 Td [(algorithm)8(s)-1( \226 \223expander\224 and \223patcher\224 \226 wh)]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.2479 Tw 19.315 0 Td (ich operate changes through expansion and )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1232 Tw -19.315 -1.15 Td [(diffusion, respectively. These sim)8(u)1(lations were )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.1244 Tw 19.76 0 Td (validated according to)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1195 Tw 9.145 0 Td [( a )-10(m)8(u)1(ltiple resolution)6( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.1646 Tw -28.905 -1.15 Td [(fitting m)8(e)-1(thod \(Constan)5(za, 1989\), and the va)]TJ 0.1638 Tw 18.875 0 Td [(lu)5(es obtained for windows 3x3, 5x5 and 9x9)5( )]TJ 0.0296 Tw -18.875 -1.15 Td (were 0.862682, 0.864872, and 0.864644, respectively for S1, S2, and S3. \ It is observable that )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1095 Tw 0 -1.15 TD [(the land use transitions com)8(p)1(ly with econom)]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.1105 Tw 18.55 0 Td (ic theories of urban growth and change)Tj /TT175 1 Tf 0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 499.8142 461.9124 Tm (, )Tj /TT174 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 12 0 0 12 506.1742 461.9124 Tm (which )Tj 0.0007 Tc 0.0003 Tw -35.36 -1.15 Td [(m)9(axi)-6(m)9(i)-1(ze consum)9(ers\264 and m)9(arkets\264 utilities in)]TJ 0.001 Tc -0.0017 Tw 18.53 0 Td [( te)5(rm)9(s of real s)5(t)-1(ate p)6(r)-1(ic)5(es a)5(nd access)5(i)-1(bility. )]TJ /TT175 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw -18.53 -2.16 Td (7.)Tj /TT176 1 Tf ( )Tj /TT175 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 1.5 0 Td (Conclusions )Tj /TT174 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0024 Tw -1.5 -1.64 Td (Cities are open and non-linear co)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.0045 Tw 13.27 0 Td [(m)8(p)1(lex system)8(s. ANN though proved )]TJ 0.0009 Tc 0.0007 Tw (to have the cap)Tj 0.0007 Tc -0.0007 Tw 20.94 0 Td (ability to )Tj 0.0002 Tc 0.1298 Tw -34.21 -1.15 Td (model non-linear features and handle well the )Tj 0.0001 Tc 19.49 0 Td [(uncertainties of spatial data. ANN h)-5(a)-1(ve two )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.0185 Tw -19.49 -1.15 Td [(m)8(a)-1(in disadvantages: they are black-box devises and )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0198 Tw 21.115 0 Td [(the user\264s intervention is still decisive for)-7( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.0896 Tw -21.115 -1.15 Td (the results quality. Further studies are needed )Tj 0.0897 Tw 19.025 0 Td (to assess the responsiveness of the simulation )Tj 0.0005 Tc -0.0011 Tw -19.025 -1.15 Td [(outputs in)6( face of changes in the type,)6( structur)]TJ 0.0007 Tc -0.0023 Tw 18.47 0 Td [(e an)6(d internal param)9(ete)]TJ 0.0004 Tc -0.0004 Tw 9.35 0 Td [(rs of the network.)5( )]TJ /TT175 1 Tf 0.0007 Tc 0 Tw -27.82 -2.16 Td [(References)5( )]TJ /TT174 1 Tf -0.0011 Tc 0.0146 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 81.8542 303.5724 Tm [(Batty, M; Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, H.; Eichen)-4(, M. Urban)-4( )6(syste)-6(m)10(s as cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata,)]TJ /TT177 1 Tf -0.0022 Tc 0.0157 Tw 29 0 Td [( E)-8(n)-5(vironm)-5(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plan)-5(n)-5(i)6(ng)-5( B)]TJ /TT174 1 Tf 0.0025 Tc 0.011 Tw 12.7605 0 Td [(,)7( v.)7(2)6(4, )6(p.)13( )]TJ -0.0026 Tc -0.0019 Tw -41.7605 -1.1497 Td [(1)-6(59-)-5(164)-6(, 19)-6(97)-6(. )]TJ -0.0018 Tc 0.0811 Tw 0 -1.6467 TD [(Co)-5(n)-5(s)-2(tan)-5(za, R. )6(Mo)-5(d)-5(e)-1(l goo)-5(dn)-5(ess o)-5(f)-4( fit: a )-6(m)10(u)-5(ltip)-5(le reso)-5(lu)-5(tion p)-5(r)2(o)-5(cedu)-5(r)-4(e, )]TJ /TT177 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0817 Tw 28.9461 0 Td [(Eco)-5(log)-5(ica)-5(l Mod)-5(e)4(llin)-5(g)]TJ /TT174 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.0749 Tw 8.7545 0 Td [(, )-6(v)-4(.)3(47)-4(, p)-4(.)-3( 1)-4(99-)-4(215)-4(,)-9( )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0 Tw -37.7006 -1.1437 Td [(1)-4(989)-4(. )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0.062 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, )6(H. )6(Cellu)-4(lar wo)-4(rl)8(ds: a fram)11(ewo)-4(rk for m)11(o)-4(d)-4(ellin)-4(g micro)-4(-)-3(m)11(acro)-4( )6(d)-4(y)2(n)-4(am)11(i)2(cs, )]TJ /TT177 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0.0641 Tw 33.5569 0 Td [(En)-6(viro)-6(nm)-5(en)-6(ta)-6(l and)-6( Plann)-6(ing)-6( )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw -33.5569 -1.1497 Td (A)Tj /TT174 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw [(, v)-4(.)3(1)-4(7)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 58)-4(5-)-4(596)-4(, 19)-4(85)-4(. )]TJ -0.0005 Tc 0.0559 Tw 0 -1.6467 TD [(Dead)-3(m)11(an)-3(,)-2( P.; )6(Brown, R. )6(D.; )6(Gim)11(b)-3(let)-4(t)2(, P. M)8(o)-3(d)-3(elling)-3( )6(rura)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0575 Tw 23.0838 0 Td [(l resid)-5(e)-1(n)-5(tial settle)-7(m)9(e)-1(n)-5(t p)-5(a)-1(tterns with)-5( cellu)-5(lar au)-5(to)-5(m)9(a)-1(ta,)-10( )]TJ /TT177 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc -0.0006 Tw -23.0838 -1.1497 Td [(Jou)5(r)2(n)5(a)-1(l)5( )6(of)5( Env)9(i)5(ron)5(me)9(n)-1(t)5(a)-1(l)5( M)9(a)5(na)5(ge)9(ment)]TJ /TT174 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 15.7784 0 Td [(, )-6( v)-5(.)-3( 37)-5(, p)-5(.)3( )-6(147)-5(-16)-5(0)1(, 1)-5(993)-5(. )]TJ 0.0017 Tc 0.0357 Tw -15.7784 -1.5449 Td [(Fi)4(sher)5(, M)5(. M)5(.;)10( Ab)5(ra)8(hart)4(, R)4(. J)8(. Ne)8(ur)5(oc)8(om)13(put)4(i)4(ng \226)5( t)4(o)5(ol)4(s f)5(o)-1(r )6(geo)5(g)5(r)-1(ap)5(her)5(s)2(. I)5(n)-1(:)4( O)5(p)-1(en)5(sha)8(w)-1(, )6(S.;)4( A)5(b)-1(ra)8(hart)4(, R)10(. J. \(e)8(ds)8(\))5(,)6( )]TJ /TT177 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(G)-5(e)-2(o)-6(c)4(om)-5(pu)-6(ta)-6(ti)6(o)-6(n)]TJ /TT174 1 Tf -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw 6.6527 0 Td [(, )6(N)-5(e)-2(w Yo)-5(rk)-5(:)6( Taylo)-5(r)-5( )6(& Fr)-5(ancis, ch)-5(ap)-5(.8)-5(, p. )6(1)-5(87-)-5(217)-5(, )6(20)-5(00)-5(. )]TJ -0.0013 Tc 0.0028 Tw -6.6527 -1.5449 Td [(Gong)-4(, P. In)-4(tegrated)-4( an)-4(alysis o)-4(f)-4( sp)-4(atial d)-4(a)-1(ta )-6(fro)-4(m)10( )-6(m)10(u)-10(ltip)]TJ -0.0016 Tc 0.0031 Tw 22.2096 0 Td [(le )-6(so)-5(urces: u)-5(s)-2(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( )6(ev)-5(id)-5(en)-5(tial reaso)-5(n)-5(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( an)-5(d)-5( artificial n)-5(e)-1(u)-5(r)-4(al)7( )]TJ 0.0019 Tc 0.0774 Tw -22.2096 -1.1497 Td [(net)4(w)6(or)6(k t)4(ech)5(ni)10(que)9(s f)6(o)-1(r )6(ge)9(ol)4(o)5(g)-1(i)4(cal)4( m)13(a)3(ppi)4(ng,)6( )]TJ /TT177 1 Tf 0.0012 Tc 0.0722 Tw 18.2455 0 Td [(Ph)4(ot)4(o)4(g)-2(ra)4(m)5(m)-1(e)8(t)4(ri)4(c )-6(Engi)10(neeri)4(ng a)4(nd Rem)5(o)-2(t)10(e)2( )-6(Sen)4(s)1(i)4(n)4(g)]TJ /TT174 1 Tf 0.002 Tc 0.0714 Tw 20.8862 0 Td [(, v. 6)5(2)-1(, p. 51)5(3)5(-)]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.003 Tw -39.1317 -1.1437 Td [(5)-4(2)2(3)-4(,)3( 199)-4(6. )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0.0087 Tw 0 -1.5509 TD [(Li, X.; )6(Yeh)-4(,)-3( )6(A. G. Calibration o)-4(f)3( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata b)-4(y)2( u)-4(s)]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0.0054 Tw 22.6527 0 Td [(i)5(n)-1(g)5( ne)9(ural)5( )6(net)5(w)6(or)6(ks )6(fo)5(r t)5(h)-1(e)9( si)5(m)14(u)-7(l)5(a)3(t)5(i)5(on o)5(f c)9(o)-1(m)14(p)-1(lex )6(ur)6(ban)11( )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0 Tw -22.6527 -1.1437 Td [(syste)-6(m)11(s, )]TJ /TT177 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0063 Tw 3.6587 0 Td [(Envi)4(r)8(o)-1(n)5(m)-1(e)9(n)-1(t)4(a)-1(l)4( an)5(d Pl)4(an)5(ni)4(n)5(g)-1( )-6(A)]TJ /TT174 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 12.4491 0 Td [(, v)-5(.)-3( 3)-5(3)1(, p)-5(.)-3( 14)-5(45-)-4(146)-5(2, 2)-5(001)-5(. )]TJ 0 g ET /GS87 gs BT /T1_43 9 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 1 0 0 1 287.492 28.8 Tm (3704)Tj ET q 90 0 0 81.42 200.5361 647.7591 cm /Im84 Do Q 1 0 0 1 -10.4839 544.3588 cm /CS170 CS 0.004 0.004 0.004 SC 1 w 8 M 0 j 1 J []0 d /GS86 gs 85.02 89.24 108 108 re S /GS87 gs q 90 0 0 86.94 94.02 101.3003 cm /Im85 Do Q /GS86 gs 202.02 89.24 108 108 re 319.02 89.24 108 108 re 436.02 89.24 108 108 re S 0.502 0.502 0.502 SC 5.5 w 10 M 1 j 0 J 210.9 103.82 m 300.9 103.82 l S 1 1 1 SC 4 w 210.9 193.82 m 210.9 94.82 l S 5 w 301.02 193.82 m 301.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 10.4839 -544.3588 cm /CS170 cs 0 0 0 sc BT /TT177 1 Tf 0.003 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 288.7961 638.2192 Tm [(b\))13( )]TJ ET /GS87 gs q 90 0 0 85.74 317.5361 643.4392 cm /Im86 Do Q 1 0 0 1 -10.4839 544.3588 cm 0.502 0.502 0.502 SC 5.5 w /GS86 gs 328.02 103.82 m 418.02 103.82 l S 1 1 1 SC 7 w 328.02 193.82 m 328.02 94.82 l S 4.5 w 418.02 193.82 m 418.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 10.4839 -544.3588 cm BT /TT177 1 Tf -0.0007 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 405.7961 638.2192 Tm (c\))Tj /TT174 1 Tf 0 Tc 12 0 0 12 413.4761 638.2192 Tm ( )Tj ET /GS87 gs q 90 0 0 81.42 434.5361 647.7591 cm /Im87 Do Q 1 0 0 1 -10.4839 544.3588 cm 0.502 0.502 0.502 SC 5.5 w /GS86 gs 445.02 103.82 m 535.02 103.82 l S 1 1 1 SC 445.02 193.82 m 445.02 94.82 l S 3.5 w 535.02 193.82 m 535.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 10.4839 -544.3588 cm BT /TT177 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0008 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 513.7961 638.2192 Tm [( )6(d\))]TJ /TT174 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 12 0 0 12 529.576 638.2192 Tm ( )Tj ET 1 0 0 1 -10.4839 544.3588 cm 2 w 94.02 193.82 m 94.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 10.4839 -544.3588 cm BT /TT177 1 Tf -0.0007 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 76.7614 615.6384 Tm (c\))Tj /TT174 1 Tf 0 Tc 12 0 0 12 84.4414 615.6384 Tm ( )Tj /TT177 1 Tf -0.0007 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 171.1169 638.2192 Tm (c\))Tj /TT174 1 Tf 0 Tc 12 0 0 12 178.7969 638.2192 Tm ( )Tj /TT177 1 Tf -0.0007 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 76.7614 604.6384 Tm (c\))Tj /TT174 1 Tf 0 Tc 12 0 0 12 84.4414 604.6384 Tm ( )Tj ET endstream endobj 379 0 obj 8722 endobj 380 0 obj << /Length 381 0 R >> stream /CS176 cs 0 0 0 sc 1 i /RelativeColorimetric ri /GS88 gs BT /TT178 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0294 Tw 12 0 0 12 103.1542 530.9124 Tm [(The land us)5(e change simulations w)8(e)-1(re accom)8(p)1(lished by tw)8(o types of stochastic tran)6(sition )]TJ -0.0002 Tc 0.2502 Tw -1.775 -1.15 Td [(algorithm)8(s)-1( \226 \223expander\224 and \223patcher\224 \226 wh)]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.2479 Tw 19.315 0 Td (ich operate changes through expansion and )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1232 Tw -19.315 -1.15 Td [(diffusion, respectively. These sim)8(u)1(lations were )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.1244 Tw 19.76 0 Td (validated according to)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1195 Tw 9.145 0 Td [( a )-10(m)8(u)1(ltiple resolution)6( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.1646 Tw -28.905 -1.15 Td [(fitting m)8(e)-1(thod \(Constan)5(za, 1989\), and the va)]TJ 0.1638 Tw 18.875 0 Td [(lu)5(es obtained for windows 3x3, 5x5 and 9x9)5( )]TJ 0.0296 Tw -18.875 -1.15 Td (were 0.862682, 0.864872, and 0.864644, respectively for S1, S2, and S3. \ It is observable that )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1095 Tw 0 -1.15 TD [(the land use transitions com)8(p)1(ly with econom)]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.1105 Tw 18.55 0 Td (ic theories of urban growth and change)Tj /TT179 1 Tf 0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 499.8142 461.9124 Tm (, )Tj /TT178 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 12 0 0 12 506.1742 461.9124 Tm (which )Tj 0.0007 Tc 0.0003 Tw -35.36 -1.15 Td [(m)9(axi)-6(m)9(i)-1(ze consum)9(ers\264 and m)9(arkets\264 utilities in)]TJ 0.001 Tc -0.0017 Tw 18.53 0 Td [( te)5(rm)9(s of real s)5(t)-1(ate p)6(r)-1(ic)5(es a)5(nd access)5(i)-1(bility. )]TJ /TT179 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw -18.53 -2.16 Td (7.)Tj /TT180 1 Tf ( )Tj /TT179 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 1.5 0 Td (Conclusions )Tj /TT178 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0024 Tw -1.5 -1.64 Td (Cities are open and non-linear co)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.0045 Tw 13.27 0 Td [(m)8(p)1(lex system)8(s. ANN though proved )]TJ 0.0009 Tc 0.0007 Tw (to have the cap)Tj 0.0007 Tc -0.0007 Tw 20.94 0 Td (ability to )Tj 0.0002 Tc 0.1298 Tw -34.21 -1.15 Td (model non-linear features and handle well the )Tj 0.0001 Tc 19.49 0 Td [(uncertainties of spatial data. ANN h)-5(a)-1(ve two )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.0185 Tw -19.49 -1.15 Td [(m)8(a)-1(in disadvantages: they are black-box devises and )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0198 Tw 21.115 0 Td [(the user\264s intervention is still decisive for)-7( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.0896 Tw -21.115 -1.15 Td (the results quality. Further studies are needed )Tj 0.0897 Tw 19.025 0 Td (to assess the responsiveness of the simulation )Tj 0.0005 Tc -0.0011 Tw -19.025 -1.15 Td [(outputs in)6( face of changes in the type,)6( structur)]TJ 0.0007 Tc -0.0023 Tw 18.47 0 Td [(e an)6(d internal param)9(ete)]TJ 0.0004 Tc -0.0004 Tw 9.35 0 Td [(rs of the network.)5( )]TJ /TT179 1 Tf 0.0007 Tc 0 Tw -27.82 -2.16 Td [(References)5( )]TJ /TT178 1 Tf -0.0011 Tc 0.0146 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 81.8542 303.5724 Tm [(Batty, M; Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, H.; Eichen)-4(, M. Urban)-4( )6(syste)-6(m)10(s as cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata,)]TJ /TT181 1 Tf -0.0022 Tc 0.0157 Tw 29 0 Td [( E)-8(n)-5(vironm)-5(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plan)-5(n)-5(i)6(ng)-5( B)]TJ /TT178 1 Tf 0.0025 Tc 0.011 Tw 12.7605 0 Td [(,)7( v.)7(2)6(4, )6(p.)13( )]TJ -0.0026 Tc -0.0019 Tw -41.7605 -1.1497 Td [(1)-6(59-)-5(164)-6(, 19)-6(97)-6(. )]TJ -0.0018 Tc 0.0811 Tw 0 -1.6467 TD [(Co)-5(n)-5(s)-2(tan)-5(za, R. )6(Mo)-5(d)-5(e)-1(l goo)-5(dn)-5(ess o)-5(f)-4( fit: a )-6(m)10(u)-5(ltip)-5(le reso)-5(lu)-5(tion p)-5(r)2(o)-5(cedu)-5(r)-4(e, )]TJ /TT181 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0817 Tw 28.9461 0 Td [(Eco)-5(log)-5(ica)-5(l Mod)-5(e)4(llin)-5(g)]TJ /TT178 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.0749 Tw 8.7545 0 Td [(, )-6(v)-4(.)3(47)-4(, p)-4(.)-3( 1)-4(99-)-4(215)-4(,)-9( )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0 Tw -37.7006 -1.1437 Td [(1)-4(989)-4(. )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0.062 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, )6(H. )6(Cellu)-4(lar wo)-4(rl)8(ds: a fram)11(ewo)-4(rk for m)11(o)-4(d)-4(ellin)-4(g micro)-4(-)-3(m)11(acro)-4( )6(d)-4(y)2(n)-4(am)11(i)2(cs, )]TJ /TT181 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0.0641 Tw 33.5569 0 Td [(En)-6(viro)-6(nm)-5(en)-6(ta)-6(l and)-6( Plann)-6(ing)-6( )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw -33.5569 -1.1497 Td (A)Tj /TT178 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw [(, v)-4(.)3(1)-4(7)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 58)-4(5-)-4(596)-4(, 19)-4(85)-4(. )]TJ -0.0005 Tc 0.0559 Tw 0 -1.6467 TD [(Dead)-3(m)11(an)-3(,)-2( P.; )6(Brown, R. )6(D.; )6(Gim)11(b)-3(let)-4(t)2(, P. M)8(o)-3(d)-3(elling)-3( )6(rura)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0575 Tw 23.0838 0 Td [(l resid)-5(e)-1(n)-5(tial settle)-7(m)9(e)-1(n)-5(t p)-5(a)-1(tterns with)-5( cellu)-5(lar au)-5(to)-5(m)9(a)-1(ta,)-10( )]TJ /TT181 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc -0.0006 Tw -23.0838 -1.1497 Td [(Jou)5(r)2(n)5(a)-1(l)5( )6(of)5( Env)9(i)5(ron)5(me)9(n)-1(t)5(a)-1(l)5( M)9(a)5(na)5(ge)9(ment)]TJ /TT178 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 15.7784 0 Td [(, )-6( v)-5(.)-3( 37)-5(, p)-5(.)3( )-6(147)-5(-16)-5(0)1(, 1)-5(993)-5(. )]TJ 0.0017 Tc 0.0357 Tw -15.7784 -1.5449 Td [(Fi)4(sher)5(, M)5(. M)5(.;)10( Ab)5(ra)8(hart)4(, R)4(. J)8(. Ne)8(ur)5(oc)8(om)13(put)4(i)4(ng \226)5( t)4(o)5(ol)4(s f)5(o)-1(r )6(geo)5(g)5(r)-1(ap)5(her)5(s)2(. I)5(n)-1(:)4( O)5(p)-1(en)5(sha)8(w)-1(, )6(S.;)4( A)5(b)-1(ra)8(hart)4(, R)10(. J. \(e)8(ds)8(\))5(,)6( )]TJ /TT181 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(G)-5(e)-2(o)-6(c)4(om)-5(pu)-6(ta)-6(ti)6(o)-6(n)]TJ /TT178 1 Tf -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw 6.6527 0 Td [(, )6(N)-5(e)-2(w Yo)-5(rk)-5(:)6( Taylo)-5(r)-5( )6(& Fr)-5(ancis, ch)-5(ap)-5(.8)-5(, p. )6(1)-5(87-)-5(217)-5(, )6(20)-5(00)-5(. )]TJ -0.0013 Tc 0.0028 Tw -6.6527 -1.5449 Td [(Gong)-4(, P. In)-4(tegrated)-4( an)-4(alysis o)-4(f)-4( sp)-4(atial d)-4(a)-1(ta )-6(fro)-4(m)10( )-6(m)10(u)-10(ltip)]TJ -0.0016 Tc 0.0031 Tw 22.2096 0 Td [(le )-6(so)-5(urces: u)-5(s)-2(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( )6(ev)-5(id)-5(en)-5(tial reaso)-5(n)-5(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( an)-5(d)-5( artificial n)-5(e)-1(u)-5(r)-4(al)7( )]TJ 0.0019 Tc 0.0774 Tw -22.2096 -1.1497 Td [(net)4(w)6(or)6(k t)4(ech)5(ni)10(que)9(s f)6(o)-1(r )6(ge)9(ol)4(o)5(g)-1(i)4(cal)4( m)13(a)3(ppi)4(ng,)6( )]TJ /TT181 1 Tf 0.0012 Tc 0.0722 Tw 18.2455 0 Td [(Ph)4(ot)4(o)4(g)-2(ra)4(m)5(m)-1(e)8(t)4(ri)4(c )-6(Engi)10(neeri)4(ng a)4(nd Rem)5(o)-2(t)10(e)2( )-6(Sen)4(s)1(i)4(n)4(g)]TJ /TT178 1 Tf 0.002 Tc 0.0714 Tw 20.8862 0 Td [(, v. 6)5(2)-1(, p. 51)5(3)5(-)]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.003 Tw -39.1317 -1.1437 Td [(5)-4(2)2(3)-4(,)3( 199)-4(6. )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0.0087 Tw 0 -1.5509 TD [(Li, X.; )6(Yeh)-4(,)-3( )6(A. G. Calibration o)-4(f)3( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata b)-4(y)2( u)-4(s)]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0.0054 Tw 22.6527 0 Td [(i)5(n)-1(g)5( ne)9(ural)5( )6(net)5(w)6(or)6(ks )6(fo)5(r t)5(h)-1(e)9( si)5(m)14(u)-7(l)5(a)3(t)5(i)5(on o)5(f c)9(o)-1(m)14(p)-1(lex )6(ur)6(ban)11( )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0 Tw -22.6527 -1.1437 Td [(syste)-6(m)11(s, )]TJ /TT181 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0063 Tw 3.6587 0 Td [(Envi)4(r)8(o)-1(n)5(m)-1(e)9(n)-1(t)4(a)-1(l)4( an)5(d Pl)4(an)5(ni)4(n)5(g)-1( )-6(A)]TJ /TT178 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 12.4491 0 Td [(, v)-5(.)-3( 3)-5(3)1(, p)-5(.)-3( 14)-5(45-)-4(146)-5(2, 2)-5(001)-5(. )]TJ 0 g ET /GS89 gs BT /T1_44 9 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 1 0 0 1 287.492 28.8 Tm (3704)Tj ET q 90 0 0 81.42 200.5361 647.7591 cm /Im88 Do Q 1 0 0 1 -10.4839 544.3588 cm /CS176 CS 0.004 0.004 0.004 SC 1 w 8 M 0 j 1 J []0 d /GS88 gs 85.02 89.24 108 108 re S /GS89 gs q 90 0 0 86.94 94.02 101.3003 cm /Im89 Do Q /GS88 gs 202.02 89.24 108 108 re 319.02 89.24 108 108 re 436.02 89.24 108 108 re S 0.502 0.502 0.502 SC 5.5 w 10 M 1 j 0 J 210.9 103.82 m 300.9 103.82 l S 1 1 1 SC 4 w 210.9 193.82 m 210.9 94.82 l S 5 w 301.02 193.82 m 301.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 10.4839 -544.3588 cm /CS176 cs 0 0 0 sc BT /TT181 1 Tf 0.003 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 288.7961 638.2192 Tm [(b\))13( )]TJ ET /GS89 gs q 90 0 0 85.74 317.5361 643.4392 cm /Im90 Do Q 1 0 0 1 -10.4839 544.3588 cm 0.502 0.502 0.502 SC 5.5 w /GS88 gs 328.02 103.82 m 418.02 103.82 l S 1 1 1 SC 7 w 328.02 193.82 m 328.02 94.82 l S 4.5 w 418.02 193.82 m 418.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 10.4839 -544.3588 cm BT /TT181 1 Tf -0.0007 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 405.7961 638.2192 Tm (c\))Tj /TT178 1 Tf 0 Tc 12 0 0 12 413.4761 638.2192 Tm ( )Tj ET /GS89 gs q 90 0 0 81.42 434.5361 647.7591 cm /Im91 Do Q 1 0 0 1 -10.4839 544.3588 cm 0.502 0.502 0.502 SC 5.5 w /GS88 gs 445.02 103.82 m 535.02 103.82 l S 1 1 1 SC 445.02 193.82 m 445.02 94.82 l S 3.5 w 535.02 193.82 m 535.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 10.4839 -544.3588 cm BT /TT181 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0008 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 513.7961 638.2192 Tm [( )6(d\))]TJ /TT178 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 12 0 0 12 529.576 638.2192 Tm ( )Tj ET 1 0 0 1 -10.4839 544.3588 cm 2 w 94.02 193.82 m 94.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 10.4839 -544.3588 cm BT /TT181 1 Tf -0.0007 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 76.7614 615.6384 Tm (c\))Tj /TT178 1 Tf 0 Tc 12 0 0 12 84.4414 615.6384 Tm ( )Tj /TT181 1 Tf -0.0007 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 171.1169 638.2192 Tm (c\))Tj /TT178 1 Tf 0 Tc 12 0 0 12 178.7969 638.2192 Tm ( )Tj /TT181 1 Tf -0.0007 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 76.7614 603.6384 Tm (c\))Tj /TT178 1 Tf 0 Tc 12 0 0 12 84.4414 603.6384 Tm ( )Tj ET endstream endobj 381 0 obj 8722 endobj 382 0 obj << /Length 383 0 R >> stream /CS182 cs 0 0 0 sc 1 i /RelativeColorimetric ri /GS90 gs BT /TT182 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0294 Tw 12 0 0 12 103.1542 530.9124 Tm [(The land us)5(e change simulations w)8(e)-1(re accom)8(p)1(lished by tw)8(o types of stochastic tran)6(sition )]TJ -0.0002 Tc 0.2502 Tw -1.775 -1.15 Td [(algorithm)8(s)-1( \226 \223expander\224 and \223patcher\224 \226 wh)]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.2479 Tw 19.315 0 Td (ich operate changes through expansion and )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1232 Tw -19.315 -1.15 Td [(diffusion, respectively. These sim)8(u)1(lations were )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.1244 Tw 19.76 0 Td (validated according to)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1195 Tw 9.145 0 Td [( a )-10(m)8(u)1(ltiple resolution)6( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.1646 Tw -28.905 -1.15 Td [(fitting m)8(e)-1(thod \(Constan)5(za, 1989\), and the va)]TJ 0.1638 Tw 18.875 0 Td [(lu)5(es obtained for windows 3x3, 5x5 and 9x9)5( )]TJ 0.0296 Tw -18.875 -1.15 Td (were 0.862682, 0.864872, and 0.864644, respectively for S1, S2, and S3. \ It is observable that )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1095 Tw 0 -1.15 TD [(the land use transitions com)8(p)1(ly with econom)]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.1105 Tw 18.55 0 Td (ic theories of urban growth and change)Tj /TT183 1 Tf 0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 499.8142 461.9124 Tm (, )Tj /TT182 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 12 0 0 12 506.1742 461.9124 Tm (which )Tj 0.0007 Tc 0.0003 Tw -35.36 -1.15 Td [(m)9(axi)-6(m)9(i)-1(ze consum)9(ers\264 and m)9(arkets\264 utilities in)]TJ 0.001 Tc -0.0017 Tw 18.53 0 Td [( te)5(rm)9(s of real s)5(t)-1(ate p)6(r)-1(ic)5(es a)5(nd access)5(i)-1(bility. )]TJ /TT183 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw -18.53 -2.16 Td (7.)Tj /TT184 1 Tf ( )Tj /TT183 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 1.5 0 Td (Conclusions )Tj /TT182 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0024 Tw -1.5 -1.64 Td (Cities are open and non-linear co)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.0045 Tw 13.27 0 Td [(m)8(p)1(lex system)8(s. ANN though proved )]TJ 0.0009 Tc 0.0007 Tw (to have the cap)Tj 0.0007 Tc -0.0007 Tw 20.94 0 Td (ability to )Tj 0.0002 Tc 0.1298 Tw -34.21 -1.15 Td (model non-linear features and handle well the )Tj 0.0001 Tc 19.49 0 Td [(uncertainties of spatial data. ANN h)-5(a)-1(ve two )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.0185 Tw -19.49 -1.15 Td [(m)8(a)-1(in disadvantages: they are black-box devises and )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0198 Tw 21.115 0 Td [(the user\264s intervention is still decisive for)-7( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.0896 Tw -21.115 -1.15 Td (the results quality. Further studies are needed )Tj 0.0897 Tw 19.025 0 Td (to assess the responsiveness of the simulation )Tj 0.0005 Tc -0.0011 Tw -19.025 -1.15 Td [(outputs in)6( face of changes in the type,)6( structur)]TJ 0.0007 Tc -0.0023 Tw 18.47 0 Td [(e an)6(d internal param)9(ete)]TJ 0.0004 Tc -0.0004 Tw 9.35 0 Td [(rs of the network.)5( )]TJ /TT183 1 Tf 0.0007 Tc 0 Tw -27.82 -2.16 Td [(References)5( )]TJ /TT182 1 Tf -0.0011 Tc 0.0146 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 81.8542 303.5724 Tm [(Batty, M; Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, H.; Eichen)-4(, M. Urban)-4( )6(syste)-6(m)10(s as cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata,)]TJ /TT185 1 Tf -0.0022 Tc 0.0157 Tw 29 0 Td [( E)-8(n)-5(vironm)-5(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plan)-5(n)-5(i)6(ng)-5( B)]TJ /TT182 1 Tf 0.0025 Tc 0.011 Tw 12.7605 0 Td [(,)7( v.)7(2)6(4, )6(p.)13( )]TJ -0.0026 Tc -0.0019 Tw -41.7605 -1.1497 Td [(1)-6(59-)-5(164)-6(, 19)-6(97)-6(. )]TJ -0.0018 Tc 0.0811 Tw 0 -1.6467 TD [(Co)-5(n)-5(s)-2(tan)-5(za, R. )6(Mo)-5(d)-5(e)-1(l goo)-5(dn)-5(ess o)-5(f)-4( fit: a )-6(m)10(u)-5(ltip)-5(le reso)-5(lu)-5(tion p)-5(r)2(o)-5(cedu)-5(r)-4(e, )]TJ /TT185 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0817 Tw 28.9461 0 Td [(Eco)-5(log)-5(ica)-5(l Mod)-5(e)4(llin)-5(g)]TJ /TT182 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.0749 Tw 8.7545 0 Td [(, )-6(v)-4(.)3(47)-4(, p)-4(.)-3( 1)-4(99-)-4(215)-4(,)-9( )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0 Tw -37.7006 -1.1437 Td [(1)-4(989)-4(. )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0.062 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, )6(H. )6(Cellu)-4(lar wo)-4(rl)8(ds: a fram)11(ewo)-4(rk for m)11(o)-4(d)-4(ellin)-4(g micro)-4(-)-3(m)11(acro)-4( )6(d)-4(y)2(n)-4(am)11(i)2(cs, )]TJ /TT185 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0.0641 Tw 33.5569 0 Td [(En)-6(viro)-6(nm)-5(en)-6(ta)-6(l and)-6( Plann)-6(ing)-6( )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw -33.5569 -1.1497 Td (A)Tj /TT182 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw [(, v)-4(.)3(1)-4(7)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 58)-4(5-)-4(596)-4(, 19)-4(85)-4(. )]TJ -0.0005 Tc 0.0559 Tw 0 -1.6467 TD [(Dead)-3(m)11(an)-3(,)-2( P.; )6(Brown, R. )6(D.; )6(Gim)11(b)-3(let)-4(t)2(, P. M)8(o)-3(d)-3(elling)-3( )6(rura)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0575 Tw 23.0838 0 Td [(l resid)-5(e)-1(n)-5(tial settle)-7(m)9(e)-1(n)-5(t p)-5(a)-1(tterns with)-5( cellu)-5(lar au)-5(to)-5(m)9(a)-1(ta,)-10( )]TJ /TT185 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc -0.0006 Tw -23.0838 -1.1497 Td [(Jou)5(r)2(n)5(a)-1(l)5( )6(of)5( Env)9(i)5(ron)5(me)9(n)-1(t)5(a)-1(l)5( M)9(a)5(na)5(ge)9(ment)]TJ /TT182 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 15.7784 0 Td [(, )-6( v)-5(.)-3( 37)-5(, p)-5(.)3( )-6(147)-5(-16)-5(0)1(, 1)-5(993)-5(. )]TJ 0.0017 Tc 0.0357 Tw -15.7784 -1.5449 Td [(Fi)4(sher)5(, M)5(. M)5(.;)10( Ab)5(ra)8(hart)4(, R)4(. J)8(. Ne)8(ur)5(oc)8(om)13(put)4(i)4(ng \226)5( t)4(o)5(ol)4(s f)5(o)-1(r )6(geo)5(g)5(r)-1(ap)5(her)5(s)2(. I)5(n)-1(:)4( O)5(p)-1(en)5(sha)8(w)-1(, )6(S.;)4( A)5(b)-1(ra)8(hart)4(, R)10(. J. \(e)8(ds)8(\))5(,)6( )]TJ /TT185 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(G)-5(e)-2(o)-6(c)4(om)-5(pu)-6(ta)-6(ti)6(o)-6(n)]TJ /TT182 1 Tf -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw 6.6527 0 Td [(, )6(N)-5(e)-2(w Yo)-5(rk)-5(:)6( Taylo)-5(r)-5( )6(& Fr)-5(ancis, ch)-5(ap)-5(.8)-5(, p. )6(1)-5(87-)-5(217)-5(, )6(20)-5(00)-5(. )]TJ -0.0013 Tc 0.0028 Tw -6.6527 -1.5449 Td [(Gong)-4(, P. In)-4(tegrated)-4( an)-4(alysis o)-4(f)-4( sp)-4(atial d)-4(a)-1(ta )-6(fro)-4(m)10( )-6(m)10(u)-10(ltip)]TJ -0.0016 Tc 0.0031 Tw 22.2096 0 Td [(le )-6(so)-5(urces: u)-5(s)-2(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( )6(ev)-5(id)-5(en)-5(tial reaso)-5(n)-5(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( an)-5(d)-5( artificial n)-5(e)-1(u)-5(r)-4(al)7( )]TJ 0.0019 Tc 0.0774 Tw -22.2096 -1.1497 Td [(net)4(w)6(or)6(k t)4(ech)5(ni)10(que)9(s f)6(o)-1(r )6(ge)9(ol)4(o)5(g)-1(i)4(cal)4( m)13(a)3(ppi)4(ng,)6( )]TJ /TT185 1 Tf 0.0012 Tc 0.0722 Tw 18.2455 0 Td [(Ph)4(ot)4(o)4(g)-2(ra)4(m)5(m)-1(e)8(t)4(ri)4(c )-6(Engi)10(neeri)4(ng a)4(nd Rem)5(o)-2(t)10(e)2( )-6(Sen)4(s)1(i)4(n)4(g)]TJ /TT182 1 Tf 0.002 Tc 0.0714 Tw 20.8862 0 Td [(, v. 6)5(2)-1(, p. 51)5(3)5(-)]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.003 Tw -39.1317 -1.1437 Td [(5)-4(2)2(3)-4(,)3( 199)-4(6. )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0.0087 Tw 0 -1.5509 TD [(Li, X.; )6(Yeh)-4(,)-3( )6(A. G. Calibration o)-4(f)3( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata b)-4(y)2( u)-4(s)]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0.0054 Tw 22.6527 0 Td [(i)5(n)-1(g)5( ne)9(ural)5( )6(net)5(w)6(or)6(ks )6(fo)5(r t)5(h)-1(e)9( si)5(m)14(u)-7(l)5(a)3(t)5(i)5(on o)5(f c)9(o)-1(m)14(p)-1(lex )6(ur)6(ban)11( )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0 Tw -22.6527 -1.1437 Td [(syste)-6(m)11(s, )]TJ /TT185 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0063 Tw 3.6587 0 Td [(Envi)4(r)8(o)-1(n)5(m)-1(e)9(n)-1(t)4(a)-1(l)4( an)5(d Pl)4(an)5(ni)4(n)5(g)-1( )-6(A)]TJ /TT182 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 12.4491 0 Td [(, v)-5(.)-3( 3)-5(3)1(, p)-5(.)-3( 14)-5(45-)-4(146)-5(2, 2)-5(001)-5(. )]TJ 0 g ET /GS91 gs BT /T1_45 9 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 1 0 0 1 287.492 28.8 Tm (3704)Tj ET q 90 0 0 81.42 200.5361 647.7591 cm /Im92 Do Q 1 0 0 1 -10.4839 544.3588 cm /CS182 CS 0.004 0.004 0.004 SC 1 w 8 M 0 j 1 J []0 d /GS90 gs 85.02 89.24 108 108 re S /GS91 gs q 90 0 0 86.94 94.02 101.3003 cm /Im93 Do Q /GS90 gs 202.02 89.24 108 108 re 319.02 89.24 108 108 re 436.02 89.24 108 108 re S 0.502 0.502 0.502 SC 5.5 w 10 M 1 j 0 J 210.9 103.82 m 300.9 103.82 l S 1 1 1 SC 4 w 210.9 193.82 m 210.9 94.82 l S 5 w 301.02 193.82 m 301.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 10.4839 -544.3588 cm /CS182 cs 0 0 0 sc BT /TT185 1 Tf 0.003 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 288.7961 638.2192 Tm [(b\))13( )]TJ ET /GS91 gs q 90 0 0 85.74 317.5361 643.4392 cm /Im94 Do Q 1 0 0 1 -10.4839 544.3588 cm 0.502 0.502 0.502 SC 5.5 w /GS90 gs 328.02 103.82 m 418.02 103.82 l S 1 1 1 SC 7 w 328.02 193.82 m 328.02 94.82 l S 4.5 w 418.02 193.82 m 418.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 10.4839 -544.3588 cm BT /TT185 1 Tf -0.0007 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 405.7961 638.2192 Tm (c\))Tj /TT182 1 Tf 0 Tc 12 0 0 12 413.4761 638.2192 Tm ( )Tj ET /GS91 gs q 90 0 0 81.42 434.5361 647.7591 cm /Im95 Do Q 1 0 0 1 -10.4839 544.3588 cm 0.502 0.502 0.502 SC 5.5 w /GS90 gs 445.02 103.82 m 535.02 103.82 l S 1 1 1 SC 445.02 193.82 m 445.02 94.82 l S 3.5 w 535.02 193.82 m 535.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 10.4839 -544.3588 cm BT /TT185 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0008 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 513.7961 638.2192 Tm [( )6(d\))]TJ /TT182 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 12 0 0 12 529.576 638.2192 Tm ( )Tj ET 1 0 0 1 -10.4839 544.3588 cm 2 w 94.02 193.82 m 94.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 10.4839 -544.3588 cm BT /TT185 1 Tf -0.0007 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 76.7614 615.6384 Tm (c\))Tj /TT182 1 Tf 0 Tc 12 0 0 12 84.4414 615.6384 Tm ( )Tj /TT185 1 Tf -0.0007 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 171.1169 638.2192 Tm (c\))Tj /TT182 1 Tf 0 Tc 12 0 0 12 178.7969 638.2192 Tm ( )Tj /TT185 1 Tf -0.0007 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 76.7614 602.6384 Tm (c\))Tj /TT182 1 Tf 0 Tc 12 0 0 12 84.4414 602.6384 Tm ( )Tj ET endstream endobj 383 0 obj 8722 endobj 384 0 obj << /Length 385 0 R >> stream /CS188 cs 0 0 0 sc 1 i /RelativeColorimetric ri /GS92 gs BT /TT186 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0294 Tw 12 0 0 12 103.1542 530.9124 Tm [(The land us)5(e change simulations w)8(e)-1(re accom)8(p)1(lished by tw)8(o types of stochastic tran)6(sition )]TJ -0.0002 Tc 0.2502 Tw -1.775 -1.15 Td [(algorithm)8(s)-1( \226 \223expander\224 and \223patcher\224 \226 wh)]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.2479 Tw 19.315 0 Td (ich operate changes through expansion and )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1232 Tw -19.315 -1.15 Td [(diffusion, respectively. These sim)8(u)1(lations were )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.1244 Tw 19.76 0 Td (validated according to)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1195 Tw 9.145 0 Td [( a )-10(m)8(u)1(ltiple resolution)6( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.1646 Tw -28.905 -1.15 Td [(fitting m)8(e)-1(thod \(Constan)5(za, 1989\), and the va)]TJ 0.1638 Tw 18.875 0 Td [(lu)5(es obtained for windows 3x3, 5x5 and 9x9)5( )]TJ 0.0296 Tw -18.875 -1.15 Td (were 0.862682, 0.864872, and 0.864644, respectively for S1, S2, and S3. \ It is observable that )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1095 Tw 0 -1.15 TD [(the land use transitions com)8(p)1(ly with econom)]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.1105 Tw 18.55 0 Td (ic theories of urban growth and change)Tj /TT187 1 Tf 0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 499.8142 461.9124 Tm (, )Tj /TT186 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 12 0 0 12 506.1742 461.9124 Tm (which )Tj 0.0007 Tc 0.0003 Tw -35.36 -1.15 Td [(m)9(axi)-6(m)9(i)-1(ze consum)9(ers\264 and m)9(arkets\264 utilities in)]TJ 0.001 Tc -0.0017 Tw 18.53 0 Td [( te)5(rm)9(s of real s)5(t)-1(ate p)6(r)-1(ic)5(es a)5(nd access)5(i)-1(bility. )]TJ /TT187 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw -18.53 -2.16 Td (7.)Tj /TT188 1 Tf ( )Tj /TT187 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 1.5 0 Td (Conclusions )Tj /TT186 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0024 Tw -1.5 -1.64 Td (Cities are open and non-linear co)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.0045 Tw 13.27 0 Td [(m)8(p)1(lex system)8(s. ANN though proved )]TJ 0.0009 Tc 0.0007 Tw (to have the cap)Tj 0.0007 Tc -0.0007 Tw 20.94 0 Td (ability to )Tj 0.0002 Tc 0.1298 Tw -34.21 -1.15 Td (model non-linear features and handle well the )Tj 0.0001 Tc 19.49 0 Td [(uncertainties of spatial data. ANN h)-5(a)-1(ve two )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.0185 Tw -19.49 -1.15 Td [(m)8(a)-1(in disadvantages: they are black-box devises and )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0198 Tw 21.115 0 Td [(the user\264s intervention is still decisive for)-7( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.0896 Tw -21.115 -1.15 Td (the results quality. Further studies are needed )Tj 0.0897 Tw 19.025 0 Td (to assess the responsiveness of the simulation )Tj 0.0005 Tc -0.0011 Tw -19.025 -1.15 Td [(outputs in)6( face of changes in the type,)6( structur)]TJ 0.0007 Tc -0.0023 Tw 18.47 0 Td [(e an)6(d internal param)9(ete)]TJ 0.0004 Tc -0.0004 Tw 9.35 0 Td [(rs of the network.)5( )]TJ /TT187 1 Tf 0.0007 Tc 0 Tw -27.82 -2.16 Td [(References)5( )]TJ /TT186 1 Tf -0.0011 Tc 0.0146 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 81.8542 303.5724 Tm [(Batty, M; Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, H.; Eichen)-4(, M. Urban)-4( )6(syste)-6(m)10(s as cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata,)]TJ /TT189 1 Tf -0.0022 Tc 0.0157 Tw 29 0 Td [( E)-8(n)-5(vironm)-5(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plan)-5(n)-5(i)6(ng)-5( B)]TJ /TT186 1 Tf 0.0025 Tc 0.011 Tw 12.7605 0 Td [(,)7( v.)7(2)6(4, )6(p.)13( )]TJ -0.0026 Tc -0.0019 Tw -41.7605 -1.1497 Td [(1)-6(59-)-5(164)-6(, 19)-6(97)-6(. )]TJ -0.0018 Tc 0.0811 Tw 0 -1.6467 TD [(Co)-5(n)-5(s)-2(tan)-5(za, R. )6(Mo)-5(d)-5(e)-1(l goo)-5(dn)-5(ess o)-5(f)-4( fit: a )-6(m)10(u)-5(ltip)-5(le reso)-5(lu)-5(tion p)-5(r)2(o)-5(cedu)-5(r)-4(e, )]TJ /TT189 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0817 Tw 28.9461 0 Td [(Eco)-5(log)-5(ica)-5(l Mod)-5(e)4(llin)-5(g)]TJ /TT186 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.0749 Tw 8.7545 0 Td [(, )-6(v)-4(.)3(47)-4(, p)-4(.)-3( 1)-4(99-)-4(215)-4(,)-9( )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0 Tw -37.7006 -1.1437 Td [(1)-4(989)-4(. )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0.062 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, )6(H. )6(Cellu)-4(lar wo)-4(rl)8(ds: a fram)11(ewo)-4(rk for m)11(o)-4(d)-4(ellin)-4(g micro)-4(-)-3(m)11(acro)-4( )6(d)-4(y)2(n)-4(am)11(i)2(cs, )]TJ /TT189 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0.0641 Tw 33.5569 0 Td [(En)-6(viro)-6(nm)-5(en)-6(ta)-6(l and)-6( Plann)-6(ing)-6( )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw -33.5569 -1.1497 Td (A)Tj /TT186 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw [(, v)-4(.)3(1)-4(7)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 58)-4(5-)-4(596)-4(, 19)-4(85)-4(. )]TJ -0.0005 Tc 0.0559 Tw 0 -1.6467 TD [(Dead)-3(m)11(an)-3(,)-2( P.; )6(Brown, R. )6(D.; )6(Gim)11(b)-3(let)-4(t)2(, P. M)8(o)-3(d)-3(elling)-3( )6(rura)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0575 Tw 23.0838 0 Td [(l resid)-5(e)-1(n)-5(tial settle)-7(m)9(e)-1(n)-5(t p)-5(a)-1(tterns with)-5( cellu)-5(lar au)-5(to)-5(m)9(a)-1(ta,)-10( )]TJ /TT189 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc -0.0006 Tw -23.0838 -1.1497 Td [(Jou)5(r)2(n)5(a)-1(l)5( )6(of)5( Env)9(i)5(ron)5(me)9(n)-1(t)5(a)-1(l)5( M)9(a)5(na)5(ge)9(ment)]TJ /TT186 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 15.7784 0 Td [(, )-6( v)-5(.)-3( 37)-5(, p)-5(.)3( )-6(147)-5(-16)-5(0)1(, 1)-5(993)-5(. )]TJ 0.0017 Tc 0.0357 Tw -15.7784 -1.5449 Td [(Fi)4(sher)5(, M)5(. M)5(.;)10( Ab)5(ra)8(hart)4(, R)4(. J)8(. Ne)8(ur)5(oc)8(om)13(put)4(i)4(ng \226)5( t)4(o)5(ol)4(s f)5(o)-1(r )6(geo)5(g)5(r)-1(ap)5(her)5(s)2(. I)5(n)-1(:)4( O)5(p)-1(en)5(sha)8(w)-1(, )6(S.;)4( A)5(b)-1(ra)8(hart)4(, R)10(. J. \(e)8(ds)8(\))5(,)6( )]TJ /TT189 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(G)-5(e)-2(o)-6(c)4(om)-5(pu)-6(ta)-6(ti)6(o)-6(n)]TJ /TT186 1 Tf -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw 6.6527 0 Td [(, )6(N)-5(e)-2(w Yo)-5(rk)-5(:)6( Taylo)-5(r)-5( )6(& Fr)-5(ancis, ch)-5(ap)-5(.8)-5(, p. )6(1)-5(87-)-5(217)-5(, )6(20)-5(00)-5(. )]TJ -0.0013 Tc 0.0028 Tw -6.6527 -1.5449 Td [(Gong)-4(, P. In)-4(tegrated)-4( an)-4(alysis o)-4(f)-4( sp)-4(atial d)-4(a)-1(ta )-6(fro)-4(m)10( )-6(m)10(u)-10(ltip)]TJ -0.0016 Tc 0.0031 Tw 22.2096 0 Td [(le )-6(so)-5(urces: u)-5(s)-2(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( )6(ev)-5(id)-5(en)-5(tial reaso)-5(n)-5(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( an)-5(d)-5( artificial n)-5(e)-1(u)-5(r)-4(al)7( )]TJ 0.0019 Tc 0.0774 Tw -22.2096 -1.1497 Td [(net)4(w)6(or)6(k t)4(ech)5(ni)10(que)9(s f)6(o)-1(r )6(ge)9(ol)4(o)5(g)-1(i)4(cal)4( m)13(a)3(ppi)4(ng,)6( )]TJ /TT189 1 Tf 0.0012 Tc 0.0722 Tw 18.2455 0 Td [(Ph)4(ot)4(o)4(g)-2(ra)4(m)5(m)-1(e)8(t)4(ri)4(c )-6(Engi)10(neeri)4(ng a)4(nd Rem)5(o)-2(t)10(e)2( )-6(Sen)4(s)1(i)4(n)4(g)]TJ /TT186 1 Tf 0.002 Tc 0.0714 Tw 20.8862 0 Td [(, v. 6)5(2)-1(, p. 51)5(3)5(-)]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.003 Tw -39.1317 -1.1437 Td [(5)-4(2)2(3)-4(,)3( 199)-4(6. )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0.0087 Tw 0 -1.5509 TD [(Li, X.; )6(Yeh)-4(,)-3( )6(A. G. 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Further studies are needed )Tj 0.0897 Tw 19.025 0 Td (to assess the responsiveness of the simulation )Tj 0.0005 Tc -0.0011 Tw -19.025 -1.15 Td [(outputs in)6( face of changes in the type,)6( structur)]TJ 0.0007 Tc -0.0023 Tw 18.47 0 Td [(e an)6(d internal param)9(ete)]TJ 0.0004 Tc -0.0004 Tw 9.35 0 Td [(rs of the network.)5( )]TJ /TT191 1 Tf 0.0007 Tc 0 Tw -27.82 -2.16 Td [(References)5( )]TJ /TT190 1 Tf -0.0011 Tc 0.0146 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 81.8542 303.5724 Tm [(Batty, M; Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, H.; Eichen)-4(, M. 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M)8(o)-3(d)-3(elling)-3( )6(rura)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0575 Tw 23.0838 0 Td [(l resid)-5(e)-1(n)-5(tial settle)-7(m)9(e)-1(n)-5(t p)-5(a)-1(tterns with)-5( cellu)-5(lar au)-5(to)-5(m)9(a)-1(ta,)-10( )]TJ /TT193 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc -0.0006 Tw -23.0838 -1.1497 Td [(Jou)5(r)2(n)5(a)-1(l)5( )6(of)5( Env)9(i)5(ron)5(me)9(n)-1(t)5(a)-1(l)5( M)9(a)5(na)5(ge)9(ment)]TJ /TT190 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 15.7784 0 Td [(, )-6( v)-5(.)-3( 37)-5(, p)-5(.)3( )-6(147)-5(-16)-5(0)1(, 1)-5(993)-5(. )]TJ 0.0017 Tc 0.0357 Tw -15.7784 -1.5449 Td [(Fi)4(sher)5(, M)5(. M)5(.;)10( Ab)5(ra)8(hart)4(, R)4(. J)8(. Ne)8(ur)5(oc)8(om)13(put)4(i)4(ng \226)5( t)4(o)5(ol)4(s f)5(o)-1(r )6(geo)5(g)5(r)-1(ap)5(her)5(s)2(. I)5(n)-1(:)4( O)5(p)-1(en)5(sha)8(w)-1(, )6(S.;)4( A)5(b)-1(ra)8(hart)4(, R)10(. 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In)-4(tegrated)-4( an)-4(alysis o)-4(f)-4( sp)-4(atial d)-4(a)-1(ta )-6(fro)-4(m)10( )-6(m)10(u)-10(ltip)]TJ -0.0016 Tc 0.0031 Tw 22.2096 0 Td [(le )-6(so)-5(urces: u)-5(s)-2(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( )6(ev)-5(id)-5(en)-5(tial reaso)-5(n)-5(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( an)-5(d)-5( artificial n)-5(e)-1(u)-5(r)-4(al)7( )]TJ 0.0019 Tc 0.0774 Tw -22.2096 -1.1497 Td [(net)4(w)6(or)6(k t)4(ech)5(ni)10(que)9(s f)6(o)-1(r )6(ge)9(ol)4(o)5(g)-1(i)4(cal)4( m)13(a)3(ppi)4(ng,)6( )]TJ /TT193 1 Tf 0.0012 Tc 0.0722 Tw 18.2455 0 Td [(Ph)4(ot)4(o)4(g)-2(ra)4(m)5(m)-1(e)8(t)4(ri)4(c )-6(Engi)10(neeri)4(ng a)4(nd Rem)5(o)-2(t)10(e)2( )-6(Sen)4(s)1(i)4(n)4(g)]TJ /TT190 1 Tf 0.002 Tc 0.0714 Tw 20.8862 0 Td [(, v. 6)5(2)-1(, p. 51)5(3)5(-)]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.003 Tw -39.1317 -1.1437 Td [(5)-4(2)2(3)-4(,)3( 199)-4(6. )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0.0087 Tw 0 -1.5509 TD [(Li, X.; )6(Yeh)-4(,)-3( )6(A. G. Calibration o)-4(f)3( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata b)-4(y)2( u)-4(s)]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0.0054 Tw 22.6527 0 Td [(i)5(n)-1(g)5( ne)9(ural)5( )6(net)5(w)6(or)6(ks )6(fo)5(r t)5(h)-1(e)9( si)5(m)14(u)-7(l)5(a)3(t)5(i)5(on o)5(f c)9(o)-1(m)14(p)-1(lex )6(ur)6(ban)11( )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0 Tw -22.6527 -1.1437 Td [(syste)-6(m)11(s, )]TJ /TT193 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0063 Tw 3.6587 0 Td [(Envi)4(r)8(o)-1(n)5(m)-1(e)9(n)-1(t)4(a)-1(l)4( an)5(d Pl)4(an)5(ni)4(n)5(g)-1( )-6(A)]TJ /TT190 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 12.4491 0 Td [(, v)-5(.)-3( 3)-5(3)1(, p)-5(.)-3( 14)-5(45-)-4(146)-5(2, 2)-5(001)-5(. )]TJ 0 g ET /GS95 gs BT /T1_47 9 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 1 0 0 1 287.492 28.8 Tm (3704)Tj ET q 90 0 0 81.42 200.5361 647.7591 cm /Im100 Do Q 1 0 0 1 -10.4839 544.3588 cm /CS194 CS 0.004 0.004 0.004 SC 1 w 8 M 0 j 1 J []0 d /GS94 gs 85.02 89.24 108 108 re S /GS95 gs q 90 0 0 86.94 94.02 101.3003 cm /Im101 Do Q /GS94 gs 202.02 89.24 108 108 re 319.02 89.24 108 108 re 436.02 89.24 108 108 re S 0.502 0.502 0.502 SC 5.5 w 10 M 1 j 0 J 210.9 103.82 m 300.9 103.82 l S 1 1 1 SC 4 w 210.9 193.82 m 210.9 94.82 l S 5 w 301.02 193.82 m 301.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 10.4839 -544.3588 cm /CS194 cs 0 0 0 sc BT /TT193 1 Tf 0.003 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 288.7961 638.2192 Tm [(b\))13( )]TJ ET /GS95 gs q 90 0 0 85.74 317.5361 643.4392 cm /Im102 Do Q 1 0 0 1 -10.4839 544.3588 cm 0.502 0.502 0.502 SC 5.5 w /GS94 gs 328.02 103.82 m 418.02 103.82 l S 1 1 1 SC 7 w 328.02 193.82 m 328.02 94.82 l S 4.5 w 418.02 193.82 m 418.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 10.4839 -544.3588 cm BT /TT193 1 Tf -0.0007 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 405.7961 638.2192 Tm (c\))Tj /TT190 1 Tf 0 Tc 12 0 0 12 413.4761 638.2192 Tm ( )Tj ET /GS95 gs q 90 0 0 81.42 434.5361 647.7591 cm /Im103 Do Q 1 0 0 1 -10.4839 544.3588 cm 0.502 0.502 0.502 SC 5.5 w /GS94 gs 445.02 103.82 m 535.02 103.82 l S 1 1 1 SC 445.02 193.82 m 445.02 94.82 l S 3.5 w 535.02 193.82 m 535.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 10.4839 -544.3588 cm BT /TT193 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0008 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 513.7961 638.2192 Tm [( )6(d\))]TJ /TT190 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 12 0 0 12 529.576 638.2192 Tm ( )Tj ET 1 0 0 1 -10.4839 544.3588 cm 2 w 94.02 193.82 m 94.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 10.4839 -544.3588 cm BT /T1_48 1 Tf -0.0007 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 76.7614 615.6384 Tm (Figure 5. \(a\) Real land use in Piracicaba - 1999; \(b\) Land use simul\ ation 1 \226 1999; \(c\) Land use simulation 2 \226)Tj /TT193 1 Tf 9.4167 2.2536 Td (c\))Tj /TT190 1 Tf 0 Tc 12 0 0 12 178.7969 638.2192 Tm ( )Tj /TT193 1 Tf -0.0007 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 76.7614 601.6384 Tm (c\))Tj /TT190 1 Tf 0 Tc 12 0 0 12 84.4414 601.6384 Tm ( )Tj ET endstream endobj 389 0 obj 8764 endobj 390 0 obj << /Length 391 0 R >> stream /CS200 cs 0 0 0 sc 1 i /RelativeColorimetric ri /GS96 gs BT /TT194 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0294 Tw 12 0 0 12 103.1542 530.9124 Tm [(The land us)5(e change simulations w)8(e)-1(re accom)8(p)1(lished by tw)8(o types of stochastic tran)6(sition )]TJ -0.0002 Tc 0.2502 Tw -1.775 -1.15 Td [(algorithm)8(s)-1( \226 \223expander\224 and \223patcher\224 \226 wh)]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.2479 Tw 19.315 0 Td (ich operate changes through expansion and )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1232 Tw -19.315 -1.15 Td [(diffusion, respectively. These sim)8(u)1(lations were )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.1244 Tw 19.76 0 Td (validated according to)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1195 Tw 9.145 0 Td [( a )-10(m)8(u)1(ltiple resolution)6( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.1646 Tw -28.905 -1.15 Td [(fitting m)8(e)-1(thod \(Constan)5(za, 1989\), and the va)]TJ 0.1638 Tw 18.875 0 Td [(lu)5(es obtained for windows 3x3, 5x5 and 9x9)5( )]TJ 0.0296 Tw -18.875 -1.15 Td (were 0.862682, 0.864872, and 0.864644, respectively for S1, S2, and S3. \ It is observable that )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1095 Tw 0 -1.15 TD [(the land use transitions com)8(p)1(ly with econom)]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.1105 Tw 18.55 0 Td (ic theories of urban growth and change)Tj /TT195 1 Tf 0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 499.8142 461.9124 Tm (, )Tj /TT194 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 12 0 0 12 506.1742 461.9124 Tm (which )Tj 0.0007 Tc 0.0003 Tw -35.36 -1.15 Td [(m)9(axi)-6(m)9(i)-1(ze consum)9(ers\264 and m)9(arkets\264 utilities in)]TJ 0.001 Tc -0.0017 Tw 18.53 0 Td [( te)5(rm)9(s of real s)5(t)-1(ate p)6(r)-1(ic)5(es a)5(nd access)5(i)-1(bility. )]TJ /TT195 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw -18.53 -2.16 Td (7.)Tj /TT196 1 Tf ( )Tj /TT195 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 1.5 0 Td (Conclusions )Tj /TT194 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0024 Tw -1.5 -1.64 Td (Cities are open and non-linear co)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.0045 Tw 13.27 0 Td [(m)8(p)1(lex system)8(s. ANN though proved )]TJ 0.0009 Tc 0.0007 Tw (to have the cap)Tj 0.0007 Tc -0.0007 Tw 20.94 0 Td (ability to )Tj 0.0002 Tc 0.1298 Tw -34.21 -1.15 Td (model non-linear features and handle well the )Tj 0.0001 Tc 19.49 0 Td [(uncertainties of spatial data. ANN h)-5(a)-1(ve two )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.0185 Tw -19.49 -1.15 Td [(m)8(a)-1(in disadvantages: they are black-box devises and )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0198 Tw 21.115 0 Td [(the user\264s intervention is still decisive for)-7( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.0896 Tw -21.115 -1.15 Td (the results quality. Further studies are needed )Tj 0.0897 Tw 19.025 0 Td (to assess the responsiveness of the simulation )Tj 0.0005 Tc -0.0011 Tw -19.025 -1.15 Td [(outputs in)6( face of changes in the type,)6( structur)]TJ 0.0007 Tc -0.0023 Tw 18.47 0 Td [(e an)6(d internal param)9(ete)]TJ 0.0004 Tc -0.0004 Tw 9.35 0 Td [(rs of the network.)5( )]TJ /TT195 1 Tf 0.0007 Tc 0 Tw -27.82 -2.16 Td [(References)5( )]TJ /TT194 1 Tf -0.0011 Tc 0.0146 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 81.8542 303.5724 Tm [(Batty, M; Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, H.; Eichen)-4(, M. Urban)-4( )6(syste)-6(m)10(s as cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata,)]TJ /TT197 1 Tf -0.0022 Tc 0.0157 Tw 29 0 Td [( E)-8(n)-5(vironm)-5(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plan)-5(n)-5(i)6(ng)-5( B)]TJ /TT194 1 Tf 0.0025 Tc 0.011 Tw 12.7605 0 Td [(,)7( v.)7(2)6(4, )6(p.)13( )]TJ -0.0026 Tc -0.0019 Tw -41.7605 -1.1497 Td [(1)-6(59-)-5(164)-6(, 19)-6(97)-6(. )]TJ -0.0018 Tc 0.0811 Tw 0 -1.6467 TD [(Co)-5(n)-5(s)-2(tan)-5(za, R. )6(Mo)-5(d)-5(e)-1(l goo)-5(dn)-5(ess o)-5(f)-4( fit: a )-6(m)10(u)-5(ltip)-5(le reso)-5(lu)-5(tion p)-5(r)2(o)-5(cedu)-5(r)-4(e, )]TJ /TT197 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0817 Tw 28.9461 0 Td [(Eco)-5(log)-5(ica)-5(l Mod)-5(e)4(llin)-5(g)]TJ /TT194 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.0749 Tw 8.7545 0 Td [(, )-6(v)-4(.)3(47)-4(, p)-4(.)-3( 1)-4(99-)-4(215)-4(,)-9( )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0 Tw -37.7006 -1.1437 Td [(1)-4(989)-4(. )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0.062 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, )6(H. )6(Cellu)-4(lar wo)-4(rl)8(ds: a fram)11(ewo)-4(rk for m)11(o)-4(d)-4(ellin)-4(g micro)-4(-)-3(m)11(acro)-4( )6(d)-4(y)2(n)-4(am)11(i)2(cs, )]TJ /TT197 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0.0641 Tw 33.5569 0 Td [(En)-6(viro)-6(nm)-5(en)-6(ta)-6(l and)-6( Plann)-6(ing)-6( )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw -33.5569 -1.1497 Td (A)Tj /TT194 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw [(, v)-4(.)3(1)-4(7)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 58)-4(5-)-4(596)-4(, 19)-4(85)-4(. )]TJ -0.0005 Tc 0.0559 Tw 0 -1.6467 TD [(Dead)-3(m)11(an)-3(,)-2( P.; )6(Brown, R. )6(D.; )6(Gim)11(b)-3(let)-4(t)2(, P. M)8(o)-3(d)-3(elling)-3( )6(rura)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0575 Tw 23.0838 0 Td [(l resid)-5(e)-1(n)-5(tial settle)-7(m)9(e)-1(n)-5(t p)-5(a)-1(tterns with)-5( cellu)-5(lar au)-5(to)-5(m)9(a)-1(ta,)-10( )]TJ /TT197 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc -0.0006 Tw -23.0838 -1.1497 Td [(Jou)5(r)2(n)5(a)-1(l)5( )6(of)5( Env)9(i)5(ron)5(me)9(n)-1(t)5(a)-1(l)5( M)9(a)5(na)5(ge)9(ment)]TJ /TT194 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 15.7784 0 Td [(, )-6( v)-5(.)-3( 37)-5(, p)-5(.)3( )-6(147)-5(-16)-5(0)1(, 1)-5(993)-5(. )]TJ 0.0017 Tc 0.0357 Tw -15.7784 -1.5449 Td [(Fi)4(sher)5(, M)5(. M)5(.;)10( Ab)5(ra)8(hart)4(, R)4(. J)8(. Ne)8(ur)5(oc)8(om)13(put)4(i)4(ng \226)5( t)4(o)5(ol)4(s f)5(o)-1(r )6(geo)5(g)5(r)-1(ap)5(her)5(s)2(. I)5(n)-1(:)4( O)5(p)-1(en)5(sha)8(w)-1(, )6(S.;)4( A)5(b)-1(ra)8(hart)4(, R)10(. J. \(e)8(ds)8(\))5(,)6( )]TJ /TT197 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(G)-5(e)-2(o)-6(c)4(om)-5(pu)-6(ta)-6(ti)6(o)-6(n)]TJ /TT194 1 Tf -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw 6.6527 0 Td [(, )6(N)-5(e)-2(w Yo)-5(rk)-5(:)6( Taylo)-5(r)-5( )6(& Fr)-5(ancis, ch)-5(ap)-5(.8)-5(, p. )6(1)-5(87-)-5(217)-5(, )6(20)-5(00)-5(. )]TJ -0.0013 Tc 0.0028 Tw -6.6527 -1.5449 Td [(Gong)-4(, P. In)-4(tegrated)-4( an)-4(alysis o)-4(f)-4( sp)-4(atial d)-4(a)-1(ta )-6(fro)-4(m)10( )-6(m)10(u)-10(ltip)]TJ -0.0016 Tc 0.0031 Tw 22.2096 0 Td [(le )-6(so)-5(urces: u)-5(s)-2(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( )6(ev)-5(id)-5(en)-5(tial reaso)-5(n)-5(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( an)-5(d)-5( artificial n)-5(e)-1(u)-5(r)-4(al)7( )]TJ 0.0019 Tc 0.0774 Tw -22.2096 -1.1497 Td [(net)4(w)6(or)6(k t)4(ech)5(ni)10(que)9(s f)6(o)-1(r )6(ge)9(ol)4(o)5(g)-1(i)4(cal)4( m)13(a)3(ppi)4(ng,)6( )]TJ /TT197 1 Tf 0.0012 Tc 0.0722 Tw 18.2455 0 Td [(Ph)4(ot)4(o)4(g)-2(ra)4(m)5(m)-1(e)8(t)4(ri)4(c )-6(Engi)10(neeri)4(ng a)4(nd Rem)5(o)-2(t)10(e)2( )-6(Sen)4(s)1(i)4(n)4(g)]TJ /TT194 1 Tf 0.002 Tc 0.0714 Tw 20.8862 0 Td [(, v. 6)5(2)-1(, p. 51)5(3)5(-)]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.003 Tw -39.1317 -1.1437 Td [(5)-4(2)2(3)-4(,)3( 199)-4(6. )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0.0087 Tw 0 -1.5509 TD [(Li, X.; )6(Yeh)-4(,)-3( )6(A. G. Calibration o)-4(f)3( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata b)-4(y)2( u)-4(s)]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0.0054 Tw 22.6527 0 Td [(i)5(n)-1(g)5( ne)9(ural)5( )6(net)5(w)6(or)6(ks )6(fo)5(r t)5(h)-1(e)9( si)5(m)14(u)-7(l)5(a)3(t)5(i)5(on o)5(f c)9(o)-1(m)14(p)-1(lex )6(ur)6(ban)11( )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0 Tw -22.6527 -1.1437 Td [(syste)-6(m)11(s, )]TJ /TT197 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0063 Tw 3.6587 0 Td [(Envi)4(r)8(o)-1(n)5(m)-1(e)9(n)-1(t)4(a)-1(l)4( an)5(d Pl)4(an)5(ni)4(n)5(g)-1( )-6(A)]TJ /TT194 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 12.4491 0 Td [(, v)-5(.)-3( 3)-5(3)1(, p)-5(.)-3( 14)-5(45-)-4(146)-5(2, 2)-5(001)-5(. )]TJ 0 g ET /GS97 gs BT /T1_49 9 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 1 0 0 1 287.492 28.8 Tm (3704)Tj ET q 90 0 0 81.42 200.5361 647.7591 cm /Im104 Do Q 1 0 0 1 -10.4839 544.3588 cm /CS200 CS 0.004 0.004 0.004 SC 1 w 8 M 0 j 1 J []0 d /GS96 gs 85.02 89.24 108 108 re S /GS97 gs q 90 0 0 86.94 94.02 101.3003 cm /Im105 Do Q /GS96 gs 202.02 89.24 108 108 re 319.02 89.24 108 108 re 436.02 89.24 108 108 re S 0.502 0.502 0.502 SC 5.5 w 10 M 1 j 0 J 210.9 103.82 m 300.9 103.82 l S 1 1 1 SC 4 w 210.9 193.82 m 210.9 94.82 l S 5 w 301.02 193.82 m 301.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 10.4839 -544.3588 cm /CS200 cs 0 0 0 sc BT /TT197 1 Tf 0.003 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 288.7961 638.2192 Tm [(b\))13( )]TJ ET /GS97 gs q 90 0 0 85.74 317.5361 643.4392 cm /Im106 Do Q 1 0 0 1 -10.4839 544.3588 cm 0.502 0.502 0.502 SC 5.5 w /GS96 gs 328.02 103.82 m 418.02 103.82 l S 1 1 1 SC 7 w 328.02 193.82 m 328.02 94.82 l S 4.5 w 418.02 193.82 m 418.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 10.4839 -544.3588 cm BT /TT197 1 Tf -0.0007 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 405.7961 638.2192 Tm (c\))Tj /TT194 1 Tf 0 Tc 12 0 0 12 413.4761 638.2192 Tm ( )Tj ET /GS97 gs q 90 0 0 81.42 434.5361 647.7591 cm /Im107 Do Q 1 0 0 1 -10.4839 544.3588 cm 0.502 0.502 0.502 SC 5.5 w /GS96 gs 445.02 103.82 m 535.02 103.82 l S 1 1 1 SC 445.02 193.82 m 445.02 94.82 l S 3.5 w 535.02 193.82 m 535.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 10.4839 -544.3588 cm BT /TT197 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0008 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 513.7961 638.2192 Tm [( )6(d\))]TJ /TT194 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 12 0 0 12 529.576 638.2192 Tm ( )Tj ET 1 0 0 1 -10.4839 544.3588 cm 2 w 94.02 193.82 m 94.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 10.4839 -544.3588 cm BT /T1_50 1 Tf -0.0007 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 76.7614 615.6384 Tm (Figure 5. \(a\) Real land use in Piracicaba - 1999; \(b\) Land use simul\ ation 1 \226 1999; \(c\) Land use simulation 2 \226)Tj /TT197 1 Tf 9.4167 2.2536 Td (c\))Tj /TT194 1 Tf 0 Tc 12 0 0 12 178.7969 638.2192 Tm ( )Tj /T1_50 1 Tf -0.0007 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 76.7614 601.6384 Tm (1999; and \(d\) Land use simulation 3 - 1999. )Tj ET endstream endobj 391 0 obj 8754 endobj 392 0 obj << /Length 393 0 R >> stream /CS206 cs 0 0 0 sc 1 i /RelativeColorimetric ri /GS98 gs BT /TT198 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0294 Tw 12 0 0 12 103.1542 530.9124 Tm [(The land us)5(e change simulations w)8(e)-1(re accom)8(p)1(lished by tw)8(o types of stochastic tran)6(sition )]TJ -0.0002 Tc 0.2502 Tw -1.775 -1.15 Td [(algorithm)8(s)-1( \226 \223expander\224 and \223patcher\224 \226 wh)]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.2479 Tw 19.315 0 Td (ich operate changes through expansion and )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1232 Tw -19.315 -1.15 Td [(diffusion, respectively. These sim)8(u)1(lations were )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.1244 Tw 19.76 0 Td (validated according to)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1195 Tw 9.145 0 Td [( a )-10(m)8(u)1(ltiple resolution)6( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.1646 Tw -28.905 -1.15 Td [(fitting m)8(e)-1(thod \(Constan)5(za, 1989\), and the va)]TJ 0.1638 Tw 18.875 0 Td [(lu)5(es obtained for windows 3x3, 5x5 and 9x9)5( )]TJ 0.0296 Tw -18.875 -1.15 Td (were 0.862682, 0.864872, and 0.864644, respectively for S1, S2, and S3. \ It is observable that )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1095 Tw 0 -1.15 TD [(the land use transitions com)8(p)1(ly with econom)]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.1105 Tw 18.55 0 Td (ic theories of urban growth and change)Tj /TT199 1 Tf 0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 499.8142 461.9124 Tm (, )Tj /TT198 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 12 0 0 12 506.1742 461.9124 Tm (which )Tj 0.0007 Tc 0.0003 Tw -35.36 -1.15 Td [(m)9(axi)-6(m)9(i)-1(ze consum)9(ers\264 and m)9(arkets\264 utilities in)]TJ 0.001 Tc -0.0017 Tw 18.53 0 Td [( te)5(rm)9(s of real s)5(t)-1(ate p)6(r)-1(ic)5(es a)5(nd access)5(i)-1(bility. )]TJ /TT199 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw -18.53 -2.16 Td (7.)Tj /TT200 1 Tf ( )Tj /TT199 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 1.5 0 Td (Conclusions )Tj /TT198 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0024 Tw -1.5 -1.64 Td (Cities are open and non-linear co)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.0045 Tw 13.27 0 Td [(m)8(p)1(lex system)8(s. ANN though proved )]TJ 0.0009 Tc 0.0007 Tw (to have the cap)Tj 0.0007 Tc -0.0007 Tw 20.94 0 Td (ability to )Tj 0.0002 Tc 0.1298 Tw -34.21 -1.15 Td (model non-linear features and handle well the )Tj 0.0001 Tc 19.49 0 Td [(uncertainties of spatial data. ANN h)-5(a)-1(ve two )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.0185 Tw -19.49 -1.15 Td [(m)8(a)-1(in disadvantages: they are black-box devises and )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0198 Tw 21.115 0 Td [(the user\264s intervention is still decisive for)-7( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.0896 Tw -21.115 -1.15 Td (the results quality. Further studies are needed )Tj 0.0897 Tw 19.025 0 Td (to assess the responsiveness of the simulation )Tj 0.0005 Tc -0.0011 Tw -19.025 -1.15 Td [(outputs in)6( face of changes in the type,)6( structur)]TJ 0.0007 Tc -0.0023 Tw 18.47 0 Td [(e an)6(d internal param)9(ete)]TJ 0.0004 Tc -0.0004 Tw 9.35 0 Td [(rs of the network.)5( )]TJ /TT199 1 Tf 0.0007 Tc 0 Tw -27.82 -2.16 Td [(References)5( )]TJ /TT198 1 Tf -0.0011 Tc 0.0146 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 81.8542 303.5724 Tm [(Batty, M; Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, H.; Eichen)-4(, M. Urban)-4( )6(syste)-6(m)10(s as cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata,)]TJ /TT201 1 Tf -0.0022 Tc 0.0157 Tw 29 0 Td [( E)-8(n)-5(vironm)-5(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plan)-5(n)-5(i)6(ng)-5( B)]TJ /TT198 1 Tf 0.0025 Tc 0.011 Tw 12.7605 0 Td [(,)7( v.)7(2)6(4, )6(p.)13( )]TJ -0.0026 Tc -0.0019 Tw -41.7605 -1.1497 Td [(1)-6(59-)-5(164)-6(, 19)-6(97)-6(. )]TJ -0.0018 Tc 0.0811 Tw 0 -1.6467 TD [(Co)-5(n)-5(s)-2(tan)-5(za, R. )6(Mo)-5(d)-5(e)-1(l goo)-5(dn)-5(ess o)-5(f)-4( fit: a )-6(m)10(u)-5(ltip)-5(le reso)-5(lu)-5(tion p)-5(r)2(o)-5(cedu)-5(r)-4(e, )]TJ /TT201 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0817 Tw 28.9461 0 Td [(Eco)-5(log)-5(ica)-5(l Mod)-5(e)4(llin)-5(g)]TJ /TT198 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.0749 Tw 8.7545 0 Td [(, )-6(v)-4(.)3(47)-4(, p)-4(.)-3( 1)-4(99-)-4(215)-4(,)-9( )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0 Tw -37.7006 -1.1437 Td [(1)-4(989)-4(. )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0.062 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, )6(H. )6(Cellu)-4(lar wo)-4(rl)8(ds: a fram)11(ewo)-4(rk for m)11(o)-4(d)-4(ellin)-4(g micro)-4(-)-3(m)11(acro)-4( )6(d)-4(y)2(n)-4(am)11(i)2(cs, )]TJ /TT201 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0.0641 Tw 33.5569 0 Td [(En)-6(viro)-6(nm)-5(en)-6(ta)-6(l and)-6( Plann)-6(ing)-6( )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw -33.5569 -1.1497 Td (A)Tj /TT198 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw [(, v)-4(.)3(1)-4(7)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 58)-4(5-)-4(596)-4(, 19)-4(85)-4(. )]TJ -0.0005 Tc 0.0559 Tw 0 -1.6467 TD [(Dead)-3(m)11(an)-3(,)-2( P.; )6(Brown, R. )6(D.; )6(Gim)11(b)-3(let)-4(t)2(, P. M)8(o)-3(d)-3(elling)-3( )6(rura)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0575 Tw 23.0838 0 Td [(l resid)-5(e)-1(n)-5(tial settle)-7(m)9(e)-1(n)-5(t p)-5(a)-1(tterns with)-5( cellu)-5(lar au)-5(to)-5(m)9(a)-1(ta,)-10( )]TJ /TT201 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc -0.0006 Tw -23.0838 -1.1497 Td [(Jou)5(r)2(n)5(a)-1(l)5( )6(of)5( Env)9(i)5(ron)5(me)9(n)-1(t)5(a)-1(l)5( M)9(a)5(na)5(ge)9(ment)]TJ /TT198 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 15.7784 0 Td [(, )-6( v)-5(.)-3( 37)-5(, p)-5(.)3( )-6(147)-5(-16)-5(0)1(, 1)-5(993)-5(. )]TJ 0.0017 Tc 0.0357 Tw -15.7784 -1.5449 Td [(Fi)4(sher)5(, M)5(. M)5(.;)10( Ab)5(ra)8(hart)4(, R)4(. J)8(. Ne)8(ur)5(oc)8(om)13(put)4(i)4(ng \226)5( t)4(o)5(ol)4(s f)5(o)-1(r )6(geo)5(g)5(r)-1(ap)5(her)5(s)2(. I)5(n)-1(:)4( O)5(p)-1(en)5(sha)8(w)-1(, )6(S.;)4( A)5(b)-1(ra)8(hart)4(, R)10(. J. \(e)8(ds)8(\))5(,)6( )]TJ /TT201 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(G)-5(e)-2(o)-6(c)4(om)-5(pu)-6(ta)-6(ti)6(o)-6(n)]TJ /TT198 1 Tf -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw 6.6527 0 Td [(, )6(N)-5(e)-2(w Yo)-5(rk)-5(:)6( Taylo)-5(r)-5( )6(& Fr)-5(ancis, ch)-5(ap)-5(.8)-5(, p. )6(1)-5(87-)-5(217)-5(, )6(20)-5(00)-5(. )]TJ -0.0013 Tc 0.0028 Tw -6.6527 -1.5449 Td [(Gong)-4(, P. In)-4(tegrated)-4( an)-4(alysis o)-4(f)-4( sp)-4(atial d)-4(a)-1(ta )-6(fro)-4(m)10( )-6(m)10(u)-10(ltip)]TJ -0.0016 Tc 0.0031 Tw 22.2096 0 Td [(le )-6(so)-5(urces: u)-5(s)-2(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( )6(ev)-5(id)-5(en)-5(tial reaso)-5(n)-5(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( an)-5(d)-5( artificial n)-5(e)-1(u)-5(r)-4(al)7( )]TJ 0.0019 Tc 0.0774 Tw -22.2096 -1.1497 Td [(net)4(w)6(or)6(k t)4(ech)5(ni)10(que)9(s f)6(o)-1(r )6(ge)9(ol)4(o)5(g)-1(i)4(cal)4( m)13(a)3(ppi)4(ng,)6( )]TJ /TT201 1 Tf 0.0012 Tc 0.0722 Tw 18.2455 0 Td [(Ph)4(ot)4(o)4(g)-2(ra)4(m)5(m)-1(e)8(t)4(ri)4(c )-6(Engi)10(neeri)4(ng a)4(nd Rem)5(o)-2(t)10(e)2( )-6(Sen)4(s)1(i)4(n)4(g)]TJ /TT198 1 Tf 0.002 Tc 0.0714 Tw 20.8862 0 Td [(, v. 6)5(2)-1(, p. 51)5(3)5(-)]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.003 Tw -39.1317 -1.1437 Td [(5)-4(2)2(3)-4(,)3( 199)-4(6. )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0.0087 Tw 0 -1.5509 TD [(Li, X.; )6(Yeh)-4(,)-3( )6(A. G. Calibration o)-4(f)3( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata b)-4(y)2( u)-4(s)]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0.0054 Tw 22.6527 0 Td [(i)5(n)-1(g)5( ne)9(ural)5( )6(net)5(w)6(or)6(ks )6(fo)5(r t)5(h)-1(e)9( si)5(m)14(u)-7(l)5(a)3(t)5(i)5(on o)5(f c)9(o)-1(m)14(p)-1(lex )6(ur)6(ban)11( )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0 Tw -22.6527 -1.1437 Td [(syste)-6(m)11(s, )]TJ /TT201 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0063 Tw 3.6587 0 Td [(Envi)4(r)8(o)-1(n)5(m)-1(e)9(n)-1(t)4(a)-1(l)4( an)5(d Pl)4(an)5(ni)4(n)5(g)-1( )-6(A)]TJ /TT198 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 12.4491 0 Td [(, v)-5(.)-3( 3)-5(3)1(, p)-5(.)-3( 14)-5(45-)-4(146)-5(2, 2)-5(001)-5(. )]TJ 0 g ET /GS99 gs BT /T1_51 9 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 1 0 0 1 287.492 28.8 Tm (3704)Tj ET q 90 0 0 81.42 200.5361 647.7591 cm /Im108 Do Q 1 0 0 1 -10.4839 544.3588 cm /CS206 CS 0.004 0.004 0.004 SC 1 w 8 M 0 j 1 J []0 d /GS98 gs 85.02 89.24 108 108 re S /GS99 gs q 90 0 0 86.94 94.02 101.3003 cm /Im109 Do Q /GS98 gs 202.02 89.24 108 108 re 319.02 89.24 108 108 re 436.02 89.24 108 108 re S 0.502 0.502 0.502 SC 5.5 w 10 M 1 j 0 J 210.9 103.82 m 300.9 103.82 l S 1 1 1 SC 4 w 210.9 193.82 m 210.9 94.82 l S 5 w 301.02 193.82 m 301.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 10.4839 -544.3588 cm /CS206 cs 0 0 0 sc BT /TT201 1 Tf 0.003 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 288.7961 638.2192 Tm [(b\))13( )]TJ ET /GS99 gs q 90 0 0 85.74 317.5361 643.4392 cm /Im110 Do Q 1 0 0 1 -10.4839 544.3588 cm 0.502 0.502 0.502 SC 5.5 w /GS98 gs 328.02 103.82 m 418.02 103.82 l S 1 1 1 SC 7 w 328.02 193.82 m 328.02 94.82 l S 4.5 w 418.02 193.82 m 418.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 10.4839 -544.3588 cm BT /TT201 1 Tf -0.0007 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 405.7961 638.2192 Tm (c\))Tj /TT198 1 Tf 0 Tc 12 0 0 12 413.4761 638.2192 Tm ( )Tj ET /GS99 gs q 90 0 0 81.42 434.5361 647.7591 cm /Im111 Do Q 1 0 0 1 -10.4839 544.3588 cm 0.502 0.502 0.502 SC 5.5 w /GS98 gs 445.02 103.82 m 535.02 103.82 l S 1 1 1 SC 445.02 193.82 m 445.02 94.82 l S 3.5 w 535.02 193.82 m 535.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 10.4839 -544.3588 cm BT /TT201 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0008 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 513.7961 638.2192 Tm [( )6(d\))]TJ /TT198 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 12 0 0 12 529.576 638.2192 Tm ( )Tj ET 1 0 0 1 -10.4839 544.3588 cm 2 w 94.02 193.82 m 94.02 94.82 l S 1 0 0 1 10.4839 -544.3588 cm BT /T1_52 1 Tf -0.0007 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 76.7614 615.6384 Tm (Figure 5. \(a\) Real land use in Piracicaba - 1999; \(b\) Land use simul\ ation 1 \226 1999; \(c\) Land use simulation 2 \226)Tj 9.4167 2.2536 Td (a)Tj /TT201 1 Tf (\))Tj /TT198 1 Tf 0 Tc -0.0091 Tw 12 0 0 12 179.4495 638.2192 Tm ( )Tj /T1_52 1 Tf -0.0007 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 76.7614 601.6384 Tm (1999; and \(d\) Land use simulation 3 - 1999. )Tj ET endstream endobj 393 0 obj 8775 endobj 394 0 obj << /Length 395 0 R >> stream /CS8 cs 0 0 0 sc 1 i /RelativeColorimetric ri /GS4 gs BT /TT10 1 Tf 0.0001 Tc 0.2592 Tw 12 0 0 12 85.08 731.7203 Tm [( )-1266(The output layer, on its turn, has only one)]TJ -0.0001 Tc 20.575 0 Td ( neuron that corresponds to the map of )Tj 0.0301 Tw -20.575 -1.15 Td (transition probabilities for the considered type of)Tj 0.0001 Tc 0.0299 Tw 19.725 0 Td ( land use change. In the training data set, the )Tj -0.0036 Tc 0.0286 Tw -19.725 -1.15 Td [(de)-5(s)-4(i)-6(r)-6(e)-5(d \(t)-6(a)-5(r)-6(ge)-5(t)-6(\))-6( va)-5(l)-6(u)-4(e i)-6(n)]TJ -0.0002 Tc 0.0245 Tw 9.6 0 Td ( the output layer is recorded as 1 fo)Tj 0.001 Tc 0.024 Tw 14.295 0 Td [(r)4( a)5( cell th)6(at un)6(derwent a)5( c)5(h)1(ange in)6( )]TJ 0.0007 Tc 0.0483 Tw -23.895 -1.15 Td [(its land use,)6( and 0 for a cell that suffered no ch)]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0498 Tw 19.275 0 Td (ange. In the extraction of)Tj 0.0007 Tc 0.0468 Tw 10.225 0 Td [( the tr)4(ain)6(i)-1(ng data se)5(t )]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.4488 Tw -29.5 -1.15 Td [(for each n)5(e)-1(twork, large rectang)5(l)3(es were de)]TJ 0.0008 Tc 0.4492 Tw 19.65 0 Td [(lim)9(ited within th)6(e s)5(t)-1(u)6(dy area co)6(ntain)6(i)-1(ng)6( )]TJ 0.001 Tc 0.094 Tw -19.65 -1.15 Td [(repres)5(enta)5(tive sam)9(p)1(les of)4( the exis)5(te)5(nt rang)6(es of)]TJ 0 Tc 0.0937 Tw 19.505 0 Td [( distances \(for the m)8(a)-1(ps)]TJ -0.0005 Tc 0.0955 Tw 9.875 0 Td [( of variables\) and of)8( )]TJ 0.0009 Tc -0.0009 Tw -29.38 -1.15 Td [(land use pe)5(r)4(m)9(anence and change \()4(i)-1(n)6( the cas)5(e of)4( the m)9(aps of)4( land use tr)4(an)6(sition)6(\))-1(. )]TJ 0.0008 Tc 0.1138 Tw 0 -1.15 TD [( )-1410(Diverging a)5(pproaches)5( r)4(u)1(le th)6(e def)4(i)4(nition)6( of)4( the)5( num)9(ber of)4( neurons in)6( the hidden la)5(yer. )]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.0297 Tw T* [(According to Kolm)8(ogor)-7(ov\264s theorem)8( \()-7(Y)3(eh and Li, 2003\), if)8( )]TJ /TT11 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 24.4 0 Td (n)Tj /TT10 1 Tf 0.0292 Tw 0.5 0 Td ( is the number of neurons in the )Tj 0.0002 Tc 0.2538 Tw -24.9 -1.15 Td [(input layer, the use of)8( 2)]TJ /TT11 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 10.705 0 Td (n)Tj /TT10 1 Tf -0.0006 Tc 0.2547 Tw 0.5 0 Td ( + 1 neurons can guarantee the )Tj -0.0003 Tc 0.2553 Tw 14.245 0 Td [(perfect fit of any continuous)-6( )]TJ -0.0001 Tc 0.1701 Tw -25.45 -1.15 Td [(functions, and reducing the num)8(ber of neurons )]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.1697 Tw 20.12 0 Td [(m)8(a)-1(y lead to lesser accuracy. On the other )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.001 Tw -20.12 -1.15 Td [(hand, W)9(a)-1(ng states that 2)]TJ /TT11 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 9.8 0 Td (n)Tj /TT10 1 Tf 0.0004 Tc -0.0004 Tw 0.5 0 Td [(/3 hidden neurons can produce results of alm)8(ost sim)8(ilar accuracy but )]TJ 0.0009 Tc 0.0034 Tw -10.3 -1.15 Td [(requires m)9(u)-4(ch less tim)9(e to train \(W)10(ang, 1994 apud )]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.0047 Tw 20.54 0 Td (Yeh and Li, 2003\). In a)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.0045 Tw 9.385 0 Td (ll the four networks )Tj 0.0001 Tc 0.0399 Tw -29.925 -1.15 Td [(of this study, Kol)-7(m)8(ogorov\264s prem)8(is)-6(es have been)]TJ 0.0005 Tc 0.0382 Tw 19.6 0 Td ( observed, and the pred)Tj 0 Tc 0.0375 Tw 9.46 0 Td (iction error decreased )Tj 0.001 Tc 0.339 Tw -29.06 -1.15 Td [(consider)4(ably)6( during)6( the)5( )]TJ -0.0004 Tc 0.3404 Tw 10.71 0 Td (training, as shown in )Tj /TT12 1 Tf 0.0005 Tc 0.337 Tw 9.935 0 Td [(Figure 4)6( \(b\))]TJ /TT10 1 Tf 0.001 Tc 0.339 Tw 5.73 0 Td [(. W)10(ith the ce)5(lls)5( tra)5(n)1(sitio)6(n)6( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.0346 Tw -26.375 -1.15 Td [(probabilities)5( being d)5(e)-1(fin)5(e)-1(d by th)5(e A)8(NN outputs,)5( )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0348 Tw 19.78 0 Td [(global trans)4(ition)5( probab)5(ilities were reckoned )]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.163 Tw -19.78 -1.15 Td (through a cross-tabulation operatio)Tj 0 Tc 0.165 Tw 14.46 0 Td (n between the initial)Tj 0.1637 Tw 8.625 0 Td ( and final land us)Tj -0.0005 Tc 0.1655 Tw 7.54 0 Td [(e m)7(a)-2(ps shown in )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.1896 Tw -30.625 -1.15 Td [(Figure 1. T)6(hese probabilities are 0.1501 for th)]TJ 0 Tc 0.189 Tw 19.745 0 Td (e transition \223nu_res\224, 0.0113 for \223nu_ind\224, )Tj 0.0002 Tc -0.0012 Tw -19.745 -1.15 Td (0.0028 for \223nu_inst\224, and 0.0005 for )Tj 0.0003 Tc -0.0003 Tw 14.855 0 Td (the transition \223nu_leis\224.)Tj 0 Tc 0 Tw 7.02 0 0 7.02 377.7 483.3203 Tm ( )Tj /TT12 1 Tf 12 0 0 12 85.08 457.4003 Tm (6.)Tj /TT13 1 Tf 0.75 0 Td ( )Tj /TT12 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 1.025 0 Td [(Results and Discussion)6( )]TJ /TT10 1 Tf 0.0001 Tc 0.0749 Tw -1.775 -1.64 Td (Maps of transition probabilities were generated )Tj 0.0002 Tc 0.0748 Tw 19.61 0 Td [(for the four types of land use change, wher)-7(e)-6( )]TJ 0.0008 Tc 0.1992 Tw -19.61 -1.225 Td [(the learning param)9(eter \()]TJ /TT14 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 12 0 4.1041 12 207.3 423.0203 Tm (")Tj /TT10 1 Tf -0.0003 Tc 0.2011 Tw 12 0 0 12 214.56 423.0203 Tm [(\) was set to 0.2, the m)8(a)-1(xi)-7(m)8(u)]TJ 0.0008 Tc 0.1992 Tw 12.475 0 Td [(m)9( distance to the error \()]TJ /TT11 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 10.585 0 Td (d)Tj 0.0017 Tc 7.98 0 0 7.98 497.22 421.5203 Tm (max)Tj /TT10 1 Tf 0.0024 Tc 0.1976 Tw 12 0 0 12 510.54 423.0203 Tm (\) was )Tj 0 Tc 0.0535 Tw -35.455 -1.15 Td (adjusted to 0.1, and the iteration cycles ra)Tj 0.0544 Tw 17.015 0 Td [(nged from)8( 800 to 1,000. Upon basis of the pruning )]TJ 0.0009 Tc -0.002 Tw -17.015 -1.15 Td [(algor)4(ithm)9(,)1( sets of)4( variab)6(les have b)6(ee)5(n)1( selec)5(t)-1(ed to)6( explain the land use tran)6(sition)6(s \()]TJ /TT12 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 32.825 0 Td (Table 2)Tj /TT10 1 Tf 0.001 Tc 0 Tw 3.195 0 Td (\). )Tj 0 Tc 7.98 0 0 7.98 85.08 385.4003 Tm ( )Tj 0.0012 Tc -0.0057 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 374.3003 Tm [(Tabl)4(e 2 )]TJ 0.0016 Tc -0.0061 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(Sel)4(ect)4(i)4(on of)5( )-6(va)8(ri)4(abl)4(e)2(s det)4(e)2(rm)13(ini)4(n)5(g )-6(l)4(a)2(n)5(d)-1( use)8( )-6(c)8(h)-1(an)5(ge )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw 9 0 0 9 85.08 352.3403 Tm ( )Tj 0.0008 Tc 0.0007 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 340.9403 Tm [(Inde)8(pende)8(n)-2(t V)4(a)2(riables )6(\(N)4(otation\) )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6(N)]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw 7.98 0 0 7.98 324.18 340.9403 Tm (U)Tj 0.003 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 329.94 340.9403 Tm (_R)Tj -0.0017 Tc -0.0002 Tw 7.98 0 0 7.98 341.64 340.9403 Tm [(ES )-7( )-7( )-7( )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 374.88 340.9403 Tm (N)Tj 7.98 0 0 7.98 382.2 340.9403 Tm (U)Tj 0.003 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 387.96 340.9403 Tm (_I)Tj -0.0015 Tc -0.0004 Tw 7.98 0 0 7.98 396.36 340.9403 Tm [(ND )-7( )-7( )-7( )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 431.82 340.9403 Tm (N)Tj 7.98 0 0 7.98 439.08 340.9403 Tm (U)Tj 0.003 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 444.84 340.9403 Tm (_I)Tj -0.0016 Tc -0.0003 Tw 7.98 0 0 7.98 453.24 340.9403 Tm [(NST )-7( )-7( )-7( )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 492.24 340.9403 Tm (N)Tj 7.98 0 0 7.98 499.4999 340.9403 Tm (U)Tj 0.003 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 505.2599 340.9403 Tm (_L)Tj -0.002 Tc 7.98 0 0 7.98 516.4199 340.9403 Tm (EIS)Tj 0 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 528.36 340.9403 Tm ( )Tj 9 0 0 9 85.08 330.5004 Tm ( )Tj -0.0021 Tc 7.02 0 0 7.02 85.08 321.5004 Tm [(Di)-6(st)-6(ances)-6( )9(to)-6( riv)-6(e)-3(r)6(s)-6( \(di)-6(s)2(t)-6(_)2(riv)-6(\))6( )-3496( )-4795( )-4795( )-4795( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )]TJ 53.4359 0 Td [( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )]TJ /TT14 1 Tf 0 Tc 6.4786 0 Td (#)Tj /TT10 1 Tf 0.7692 0 Td ( )Tj 0.0005 Tc -0.0112 Tw -60.6838 -1.2222 Td [(Dis)5(t)-4(ances to )-9(com)9(m)18(er)-8(cia)8(l)-4( )]TJ -0.0026 Tc 0.0005 Tw 10.1111 0 Td [(zon)-7(e)5(s)-7( \(dis)-7(t_)-7(c)5(o)-7(m)15(\))-11( )-2974( )-4795( )-4795( )-4795( )-4795( )-8( )]TJ /TT14 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 33.2137 0 Td (#)Tj /TT10 1 Tf 0.7692 0 Td ( )Tj -0.0024 Tc 0.0003 Tw -44.094 -1.2222 Td [(Di)-7(st)-7(ances)-6( )9(to)-7( s)-6(m)15(al)-7(l)-7(-)-3(sized)-7( )9(i)-7(ndu)-7(st)-7(rial)-7( z)6(o)2(n)-7(e)-3(s)-6( \()6(d)-7(is)-6(t_i)-7(nd)-7(\))6( )-4607( )-4795( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )]TJ /TT14 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 43.4615 0 Td (#)Tj /TT10 1 Tf 0.7692 0 Td ( )Tj -0.0025 Tc 0.0004 Tw -44.2308 -1.2222 Td [(Di)-7(st)-7(ances)-6( )9(to)-7( in)-7(st)-7(itu)-7(tion)-7(al)-7( )9(zon)-7(e)6(s)-6( \(dis)-6(t_)-7(ins)-6(t)-7(\))6( )-3196( )-4795( )-4795( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0 Tw 50.1966 0 Td ( )Tj /TT14 1 Tf 0 Tc 1.2393 0 Td (#)Tj /TT10 1 Tf 0.7692 0 Td ( )Tj -0.0029 Tc 0.0008 Tw -52.2051 -1.2222 Td [(Di)-7(st)-7(ances)-7( )9(to)-7( resid)-7(e)-3(ntial)-7( zo)-7(n)-7(e)5(s)-7( \(d)-7(is)-7(t_)-7(res)-7(\))5( )-4085( )-4795( )-4795( )-8( )-8( )]TJ /TT14 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 35.2308 0 Td (#)Tj /TT10 1 Tf -0.0021 Tc 0.7692 0 Td [( )-8( )-8( )-8( )]TJ /TT14 1 Tf 0 Tc 7.4615 0 Td (#)Tj /TT10 1 Tf -0.0021 Tc 0.7692 0 Td [( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )]TJ /TT14 1 Tf 0 Tc 15.6838 0 Td (#)Tj /TT10 1 Tf 0.7692 0 Td ( )Tj -0.0022 Tc 0.0001 Tw -60.6838 -1.2222 Td [(Di)-6(st)-6(ances)-6( )9(to)-6( l)-6(e)6(i)-6(s)2(u)-6(r)-2(e)6(/)-6(r)6(ecrea)6(t)-6(ion)-6( zon)-6(e)6(s)-6( \(dis)-6(t_l)-6(eis)-6(\))6( )-1094( )-4795( )-4795( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0 Tw 48.9487 0 Td [( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )]TJ /TT14 1 Tf 0 Tc 10.9658 0 Td (#)Tj /TT10 1 Tf -0.0021 Tc 0.7692 0 Td ( )Tj -0.0022 Tc 0.0001 Tw -60.6838 -1.2137 Td [(Di)-6(st)-6(ances)-6( )9(to)-6( m)15(a)-3(i)-6(n)-6( i)-6(nteru)-6(r)6(b)-6(a)6(n)-6( roads)-6( \(int)-6(_rds)-6(\))6( )-2342( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0 Tw 40.6068 0 Td [( )-8( )-8( )]TJ /TT14 1 Tf 0 Tc 2.9915 0 Td (#)Tj /TT10 1 Tf -0.0021 Tc 0.7692 0 Td [( )-8( )-8( )]TJ /TT14 1 Tf 0 Tc 6.9573 0 Td (#)Tj /TT10 1 Tf 3.1346 Tc 0.7607 0 Td [( )-1658( )3137( )]TJ 0.0028 Tc -0.0049 Tw -52.0855 -1.2222 Td [(D)7(i)-1(s)7(t)-1(an)7(ces )9(t)7(o)-1( m)20(a)2(in pa)11(ve)11(d an)7(d n)7(o)7(n)-1(-)11(p)-1(av)7(ed )9(ur)11(ba)11(n an)7(d i)7(n)7(t)-1(er)11(urb)7(a)2(n r)11(o)7(ads \(m)20(ain)7(_)-1(r)11(d)-1(s\))11( )]TJ /TT14 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 35.2991 0 Td (#)Tj /TT10 1 Tf 4.7927 Tc 0.7521 0 Td [( )752( )4795( )]TJ /TT11 1 Tf 0 Tc 7.98 0 0 7.98 85.08 252.4403 Tm ( )Tj /TT10 1 Tf 7.02 0 0 7.02 85.08 244.1603 Tm ( )Tj -0.0001 Tc 0.0401 Tw 12 0 0 12 85.08 231.3803 Tm [(The transition probabilities m)8(a)-1(ps)]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.0389 Tw 13.305 0 Td [( served as)5( inpu)6(ts to)6( the)4( CA sim)8(u)1(lation model \226 DI)4(NAMICA )]TJ 0.0002 Tc -0.0012 Tw -13.305 -1.15 Td (\226 which produced the land use )Tj 0.0004 Tc -0.0004 Tw 12.44 0 Td [(change sim)8(ulations, seen in )]TJ /TT12 1 Tf -0.0001 Tc 0.0001 Tw 11.25 0 Td [(F)6(i)-2(gures 5 \(a\))]TJ /TT11 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 5.385 0 Td (,)Tj /TT10 1 Tf 0.245 0 Td ( )Tj /TT12 1 Tf 0.001 Tc -0.001 Tw 0.25 0 Td [(\(b\), \(c)5(\))]TJ /TT10 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 2.835 0 Td ( and )Tj /TT12 1 Tf 0.0004 Tc 0 Tw 1.94 0 Td (\(d\))Tj /TT10 1 Tf 0 Tc 1.225 0 Td (. )Tj 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 205.6404 Tm ( )Tj 12 0 0 12 85.08 192.3203 Tm ( )Tj 0 -1.15 TD ( )Tj T* ( )Tj T* ( )Tj T* ( )Tj T* ( )Tj /TT11 1 Tf 7.02 0 0 7.02 85.08 114.2003 Tm ( )Tj 0.0015 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 106.1603 Tm [( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )]TJ 0 Tc 7.02 0 0 7.02 182.64 106.1603 Tm ( )Tj 0.0015 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 95.2403 Tm [( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6(a\))11( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )]TJ 32.0239 0 Td [( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )]TJ /TT10 1 Tf 0 Tc 12.2275 0 Td ( )Tj 10.98 0 0 10.98 85.08 82.8803 Tm ( )Tj 0.0016 Tc -0.0061 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 71.1203 Tm 0 -1.1497 TD (1)Tj -0.003 Tc (99)Tj 0.003 Tc (9)Tj 0.0016 Tc (;)Tj -0.0041 Tw ( )Tj -0.0061 Tw (a)Tj -0.003 Tc (n)Tj 0.0016 Tc (d )Tj -0.0037 Tc (\()Tj 0.003 Tc (d)Tj 0.0016 Tc (\) La)Tj -0.003 Tc (n)Tj 0.0016 Tc (d)Tj -0.0047 Tw 7.686 0 Td ( )Tj -0.0001 Tw 0.2455 0 Td (use )Tj -0.0061 Tw (s)Tj -0.0024 Tc (i)Tj -0.0114 Tc (m)Tj 0.003 Tc (u)Tj -0.0024 Tc (l)Tj -0.0007 Tc (a)Tj -0.0024 Tc (ti)Tj 0.0016 Tc (on 3 - 1)Tj -0.003 Tc (99)Tj 0.003 Tc (9)Tj 0.0016 Tc (.)Tj 0 Tc -0.0079 Tw 12 0 0 12 260.9598 59.6003 Tm ( )Tj ET /CS8 CS 0.004 0.004 0.004 SC 0.75 w 10 M 1 j 1 J []0 d 86.4 353.54 m 540 353.54 l 86.4 335.42 m 540 335.42 l 86.4 253.46 m 540 253.46 l S 0 g /GS5 gs BT /T1_2 9 Tf 0 Tw 1 0 0 1 287.492 28.8 Tm (3703)Tj ET q 90 0 0 81.42 211.02 103.4003 cm /Im4 Do Q 1 w 8 M 0 j /GS4 gs 85.02 89.24 108 108 re S /GS5 gs q 90 0 0 86.94 94.02 101.3003 cm /Im5 Do Q /GS4 gs 202.02 89.24 108 108 re 319.02 89.24 108 108 re 436.02 89.24 108 108 re S 0.502 0.502 0.502 SC 5.5 w 10 M 1 j 0 J 210.9 103.82 m 300.9 103.82 l S 3.5 w 210.9 184.82 m 300.9 184.82 l S 1 1 1 SC 4 w 210.9 193.82 m 210.9 94.82 l S 5 w 301.02 193.82 m 301.02 94.82 l S /CS8 cs 0 0 0 sc BT /TT11 1 Tf 0.003 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 299.28 93.8604 Tm [(b\))13( )]TJ ET /GS5 gs q 90 0 0 85.74 328.02 99.0804 cm /Im6 Do Q 0.502 0.502 0.502 SC 4 w /GS4 gs 328.02 184.82 m 418.02 184.82 l S 5.5 w 328.02 103.82 m 418.02 103.82 l S 1 1 1 SC 7 w 328.02 193.82 m 328.02 94.82 l S 4.5 w 418.02 193.82 m 418.02 94.82 l S BT /TT11 1 Tf -0.0007 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 416.28 93.8604 Tm (c\))Tj /TT10 1 Tf 0 Tc 12 0 0 12 423.96 93.8604 Tm ( )Tj ET /GS5 gs q 90 0 0 81.42 445.02 103.4003 cm /Im7 Do Q 1 1 1 sc /GS4 gs 328.02 193.82 90 -9 re f 445.02 193.82 90 -9 re f 1.5 w 8 M 0 j 1 J 445.02 184.82 90 9 re S 0.502 0.502 0.502 SC 5.5 w 10 M 1 j 0 J 445.02 103.82 m 535.02 103.82 l S 1 1 1 SC 445.02 193.82 m 445.02 94.82 l S 3.5 w 535.02 193.82 m 535.02 94.82 l S 0 0 0 sc BT /TT11 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0008 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 524.28 93.8604 Tm [( )6(d\))]TJ /TT10 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 12 0 0 12 540.0599 93.8604 Tm ( )Tj ET 2 w 94.02 193.82 m 94.02 94.82 l S 1 1 1 sc 211.02 193.82 90 -9 re f 94.02 193.82 90 -9 re f endstream endobj 395 0 obj 14326 endobj 396 0 obj << /Length 397 0 R >> stream /CS14 cs 0 0 0 sc 1 i /RelativeColorimetric ri /GS6 gs BT /TT15 1 Tf 0.0001 Tc 0.2592 Tw 12 0 0 12 85.08 731.7203 Tm [( )-1266(The output layer, on its turn, has only one)]TJ -0.0001 Tc 20.575 0 Td ( neuron that corresponds to the map of )Tj 0.0301 Tw -20.575 -1.15 Td (transition probabilities for the considered type of)Tj 0.0001 Tc 0.0299 Tw 19.725 0 Td ( land use change. In the training data set, the )Tj -0.0036 Tc 0.0286 Tw -19.725 -1.15 Td [(de)-5(s)-4(i)-6(r)-6(e)-5(d \(t)-6(a)-5(r)-6(ge)-5(t)-6(\))-6( va)-5(l)-6(u)-4(e i)-6(n)]TJ -0.0002 Tc 0.0245 Tw 9.6 0 Td ( the output layer is recorded as 1 fo)Tj 0.001 Tc 0.024 Tw 14.295 0 Td [(r)4( a)5( cell th)6(at un)6(derwent a)5( c)5(h)1(ange in)6( )]TJ 0.0007 Tc 0.0483 Tw -23.895 -1.15 Td [(its land use,)6( and 0 for a cell that suffered no ch)]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0498 Tw 19.275 0 Td (ange. In the extraction of)Tj 0.0007 Tc 0.0468 Tw 10.225 0 Td [( the tr)4(ain)6(i)-1(ng data se)5(t )]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.4488 Tw -29.5 -1.15 Td [(for each n)5(e)-1(twork, large rectang)5(l)3(es were de)]TJ 0.0008 Tc 0.4492 Tw 19.65 0 Td [(lim)9(ited within th)6(e s)5(t)-1(u)6(dy area co)6(ntain)6(i)-1(ng)6( )]TJ 0.001 Tc 0.094 Tw -19.65 -1.15 Td [(repres)5(enta)5(tive sam)9(p)1(les of)4( the exis)5(te)5(nt rang)6(es of)]TJ 0 Tc 0.0937 Tw 19.505 0 Td [( distances \(for the m)8(a)-1(ps)]TJ -0.0005 Tc 0.0955 Tw 9.875 0 Td [( of variables\) and of)8( )]TJ 0.0009 Tc -0.0009 Tw -29.38 -1.15 Td [(land use pe)5(r)4(m)9(anence and change \()4(i)-1(n)6( the cas)5(e of)4( the m)9(aps of)4( land use tr)4(an)6(sition)6(\))-1(. )]TJ 0.0008 Tc 0.1138 Tw 0 -1.15 TD [( )-1410(Diverging a)5(pproaches)5( r)4(u)1(le th)6(e def)4(i)4(nition)6( of)4( the)5( num)9(ber of)4( neurons in)6( the hidden la)5(yer. )]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.0297 Tw T* [(According to Kolm)8(ogor)-7(ov\264s theorem)8( \()-7(Y)3(eh and Li, 2003\), if)8( )]TJ /TT16 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 24.4 0 Td (n)Tj /TT15 1 Tf 0.0292 Tw 0.5 0 Td ( is the number of neurons in the )Tj 0.0002 Tc 0.2538 Tw -24.9 -1.15 Td [(input layer, the use of)8( 2)]TJ /TT16 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 10.705 0 Td (n)Tj /TT15 1 Tf -0.0006 Tc 0.2547 Tw 0.5 0 Td ( + 1 neurons can guarantee the )Tj -0.0003 Tc 0.2553 Tw 14.245 0 Td [(perfect fit of any continuous)-6( )]TJ -0.0001 Tc 0.1701 Tw -25.45 -1.15 Td [(functions, and reducing the num)8(ber of neurons )]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.1697 Tw 20.12 0 Td [(m)8(a)-1(y lead to lesser accuracy. On the other )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.001 Tw -20.12 -1.15 Td [(hand, W)9(a)-1(ng states that 2)]TJ /TT16 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 9.8 0 Td (n)Tj /TT15 1 Tf 0.0004 Tc -0.0004 Tw 0.5 0 Td [(/3 hidden neurons can produce results of alm)8(ost sim)8(ilar accuracy but )]TJ 0.0009 Tc 0.0034 Tw -10.3 -1.15 Td [(requires m)9(u)-4(ch less tim)9(e to train \(W)10(ang, 1994 apud )]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.0047 Tw 20.54 0 Td (Yeh and Li, 2003\). In a)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.0045 Tw 9.385 0 Td (ll the four networks )Tj 0.0001 Tc 0.0399 Tw -29.925 -1.15 Td [(of this study, Kol)-7(m)8(ogorov\264s prem)8(is)-6(es have been)]TJ 0.0005 Tc 0.0382 Tw 19.6 0 Td ( observed, and the pred)Tj 0 Tc 0.0375 Tw 9.46 0 Td (iction error decreased )Tj 0.001 Tc 0.339 Tw -29.06 -1.15 Td [(consider)4(ably)6( during)6( the)5( )]TJ -0.0004 Tc 0.3404 Tw 10.71 0 Td (training, as shown in )Tj /TT17 1 Tf 0.0005 Tc 0.337 Tw 9.935 0 Td [(Figure 4)6( \(b\))]TJ /TT15 1 Tf 0.001 Tc 0.339 Tw 5.73 0 Td [(. W)10(ith the ce)5(lls)5( tra)5(n)1(sitio)6(n)6( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.0346 Tw -26.375 -1.15 Td [(probabilities)5( being d)5(e)-1(fin)5(e)-1(d by th)5(e A)8(NN outputs,)5( )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0348 Tw 19.78 0 Td [(global trans)4(ition)5( probab)5(ilities were reckoned )]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.163 Tw -19.78 -1.15 Td (through a cross-tabulation operatio)Tj 0 Tc 0.165 Tw 14.46 0 Td (n between the initial)Tj 0.1637 Tw 8.625 0 Td ( and final land us)Tj -0.0005 Tc 0.1655 Tw 7.54 0 Td [(e m)7(a)-2(ps shown in )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.1896 Tw -30.625 -1.15 Td [(Figure 1. T)6(hese probabilities are 0.1501 for th)]TJ 0 Tc 0.189 Tw 19.745 0 Td (e transition \223nu_res\224, 0.0113 for \223nu_ind\224, )Tj 0.0002 Tc -0.0012 Tw -19.745 -1.15 Td (0.0028 for \223nu_inst\224, and 0.0005 for )Tj 0.0003 Tc -0.0003 Tw 14.855 0 Td (the transition \223nu_leis\224.)Tj 0 Tc 0 Tw 7.02 0 0 7.02 377.7 483.3203 Tm ( )Tj /TT17 1 Tf 12 0 0 12 85.08 457.4003 Tm (6.)Tj /TT18 1 Tf 0.75 0 Td ( )Tj /TT17 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 1.025 0 Td [(Results and Discussion)6( )]TJ /TT15 1 Tf 0.0001 Tc 0.0749 Tw -1.775 -1.64 Td (Maps of transition probabilities were generated )Tj 0.0002 Tc 0.0748 Tw 19.61 0 Td [(for the four types of land use change, wher)-7(e)-6( )]TJ 0.0008 Tc 0.1992 Tw -19.61 -1.225 Td [(the learning param)9(eter \()]TJ /TT19 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 12 0 4.1041 12 207.3 423.0203 Tm (")Tj /TT15 1 Tf -0.0003 Tc 0.2011 Tw 12 0 0 12 214.56 423.0203 Tm [(\) was set to 0.2, the m)8(a)-1(xi)-7(m)8(u)]TJ 0.0008 Tc 0.1992 Tw 12.475 0 Td [(m)9( distance to the error \()]TJ /TT16 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 10.585 0 Td (d)Tj 0.0017 Tc 7.98 0 0 7.98 497.22 421.5203 Tm (max)Tj /TT15 1 Tf 0.0024 Tc 0.1976 Tw 12 0 0 12 510.54 423.0203 Tm (\) was )Tj 0 Tc 0.0535 Tw -35.455 -1.15 Td (adjusted to 0.1, and the iteration cycles ra)Tj 0.0544 Tw 17.015 0 Td [(nged from)8( 800 to 1,000. Upon basis of the pruning )]TJ 0.0009 Tc -0.002 Tw -17.015 -1.15 Td [(algor)4(ithm)9(,)1( sets of)4( variab)6(les have b)6(ee)5(n)1( selec)5(t)-1(ed to)6( explain the land use tran)6(sition)6(s \()]TJ /TT17 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 32.825 0 Td (Table 2)Tj /TT15 1 Tf 0.001 Tc 0 Tw 3.195 0 Td (\). )Tj 0 Tc 7.98 0 0 7.98 85.08 385.4003 Tm ( )Tj 0.0012 Tc -0.0057 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 374.3003 Tm [(Tabl)4(e 2 )]TJ 0.0016 Tc -0.0061 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(Sel)4(ect)4(i)4(on of)5( )-6(va)8(ri)4(abl)4(e)2(s det)4(e)2(rm)13(ini)4(n)5(g )-6(l)4(a)2(n)5(d)-1( use)8( )-6(c)8(h)-1(an)5(ge )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw 9 0 0 9 85.08 352.3403 Tm ( )Tj 0.0008 Tc 0.0007 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 340.9403 Tm [(Inde)8(pende)8(n)-2(t V)4(a)2(riables )6(\(N)4(otation\) )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6(N)]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw 7.98 0 0 7.98 324.18 340.9403 Tm (U)Tj 0.003 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 329.94 340.9403 Tm (_R)Tj -0.0017 Tc -0.0002 Tw 7.98 0 0 7.98 341.64 340.9403 Tm [(ES )-7( )-7( )-7( )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 374.88 340.9403 Tm (N)Tj 7.98 0 0 7.98 382.2 340.9403 Tm (U)Tj 0.003 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 387.96 340.9403 Tm (_I)Tj -0.0015 Tc -0.0004 Tw 7.98 0 0 7.98 396.36 340.9403 Tm [(ND )-7( )-7( )-7( )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 431.82 340.9403 Tm (N)Tj 7.98 0 0 7.98 439.08 340.9403 Tm (U)Tj 0.003 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 444.84 340.9403 Tm (_I)Tj -0.0016 Tc -0.0003 Tw 7.98 0 0 7.98 453.24 340.9403 Tm [(NST )-7( )-7( )-7( )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 492.24 340.9403 Tm (N)Tj 7.98 0 0 7.98 499.4999 340.9403 Tm (U)Tj 0.003 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 505.2599 340.9403 Tm (_L)Tj -0.002 Tc 7.98 0 0 7.98 516.4199 340.9403 Tm (EIS)Tj 0 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 528.36 340.9403 Tm ( )Tj 9 0 0 9 85.08 330.5004 Tm ( )Tj -0.0021 Tc 7.02 0 0 7.02 85.08 321.5004 Tm [(Di)-6(st)-6(ances)-6( )9(to)-6( riv)-6(e)-3(r)6(s)-6( \(di)-6(s)2(t)-6(_)2(riv)-6(\))6( )-3496( )-4795( )-4795( )-4795( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )]TJ 53.4359 0 Td [( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )]TJ /TT19 1 Tf 0 Tc 6.4786 0 Td (#)Tj /TT15 1 Tf 0.7692 0 Td ( )Tj 0.0005 Tc -0.0112 Tw -60.6838 -1.2222 Td [(Dis)5(t)-4(ances to )-9(com)9(m)18(er)-8(cia)8(l)-4( )]TJ -0.0026 Tc 0.0005 Tw 10.1111 0 Td [(zon)-7(e)5(s)-7( \(dis)-7(t_)-7(c)5(o)-7(m)15(\))-11( )-2974( )-4795( )-4795( )-4795( )-4795( )-8( )]TJ /TT19 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 33.2137 0 Td (#)Tj /TT15 1 Tf 0.7692 0 Td ( )Tj -0.0024 Tc 0.0003 Tw -44.094 -1.2222 Td [(Di)-7(st)-7(ances)-6( )9(to)-7( s)-6(m)15(al)-7(l)-7(-)-3(sized)-7( )9(i)-7(ndu)-7(st)-7(rial)-7( z)6(o)2(n)-7(e)-3(s)-6( \()6(d)-7(is)-6(t_i)-7(nd)-7(\))6( )-4607( )-4795( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )]TJ /TT19 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 43.4615 0 Td (#)Tj /TT15 1 Tf 0.7692 0 Td ( )Tj -0.0025 Tc 0.0004 Tw -44.2308 -1.2222 Td [(Di)-7(st)-7(ances)-6( )9(to)-7( in)-7(st)-7(itu)-7(tion)-7(al)-7( )9(zon)-7(e)6(s)-6( \(dis)-6(t_)-7(ins)-6(t)-7(\))6( )-3196( )-4795( )-4795( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0 Tw 50.1966 0 Td ( )Tj /TT19 1 Tf 0 Tc 1.2393 0 Td (#)Tj /TT15 1 Tf 0.7692 0 Td ( )Tj -0.0029 Tc 0.0008 Tw -52.2051 -1.2222 Td [(Di)-7(st)-7(ances)-7( )9(to)-7( resid)-7(e)-3(ntial)-7( zo)-7(n)-7(e)5(s)-7( \(d)-7(is)-7(t_)-7(res)-7(\))5( )-4085( )-4795( )-4795( )-8( )-8( )]TJ /TT19 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 35.2308 0 Td (#)Tj /TT15 1 Tf -0.0021 Tc 0.7692 0 Td [( )-8( )-8( )-8( )]TJ /TT19 1 Tf 0 Tc 7.4615 0 Td (#)Tj /TT15 1 Tf -0.0021 Tc 0.7692 0 Td [( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )]TJ /TT19 1 Tf 0 Tc 15.6838 0 Td (#)Tj /TT15 1 Tf 0.7692 0 Td ( )Tj -0.0022 Tc 0.0001 Tw -60.6838 -1.2222 Td [(Di)-6(st)-6(ances)-6( )9(to)-6( l)-6(e)6(i)-6(s)2(u)-6(r)-2(e)6(/)-6(r)6(ecrea)6(t)-6(ion)-6( zon)-6(e)6(s)-6( \(dis)-6(t_l)-6(eis)-6(\))6( )-1094( )-4795( )-4795( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0 Tw 48.9487 0 Td [( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )]TJ /TT19 1 Tf 0 Tc 10.9658 0 Td (#)Tj /TT15 1 Tf -0.0021 Tc 0.7692 0 Td ( )Tj -0.0022 Tc 0.0001 Tw -60.6838 -1.2137 Td [(Di)-6(st)-6(ances)-6( )9(to)-6( m)15(a)-3(i)-6(n)-6( i)-6(nteru)-6(r)6(b)-6(a)6(n)-6( roads)-6( \(int)-6(_rds)-6(\))6( )-2342( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0 Tw 40.6068 0 Td [( )-8( )-8( )]TJ /TT19 1 Tf 0 Tc 2.9915 0 Td (#)Tj /TT15 1 Tf -0.0021 Tc 0.7692 0 Td [( )-8( )-8( )]TJ /TT19 1 Tf 0 Tc 6.9573 0 Td (#)Tj /TT15 1 Tf 3.1346 Tc 0.7607 0 Td [( )-1658( )3137( )]TJ 0.0028 Tc -0.0049 Tw -52.0855 -1.2222 Td [(D)7(i)-1(s)7(t)-1(an)7(ces )9(t)7(o)-1( m)20(a)2(in pa)11(ve)11(d an)7(d n)7(o)7(n)-1(-)11(p)-1(av)7(ed )9(ur)11(ba)11(n an)7(d i)7(n)7(t)-1(er)11(urb)7(a)2(n r)11(o)7(ads \(m)20(ain)7(_)-1(r)11(d)-1(s\))11( )]TJ /TT19 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 35.2991 0 Td (#)Tj /TT15 1 Tf 4.7927 Tc 0.7521 0 Td [( )752( )4795( )]TJ /TT16 1 Tf 0 Tc 7.98 0 0 7.98 85.08 252.4403 Tm ( )Tj /TT15 1 Tf 7.02 0 0 7.02 85.08 244.1603 Tm ( )Tj -0.0001 Tc 0.0401 Tw 12 0 0 12 85.08 231.3803 Tm [(The transition probabilities m)8(a)-1(ps)]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.0389 Tw 13.305 0 Td [( served as)5( inpu)6(ts to)6( the)4( CA sim)8(u)1(lation model \226 DI)4(NAMICA )]TJ 0.0002 Tc -0.0012 Tw -13.305 -1.15 Td (\226 which produced the land use )Tj 0.0004 Tc -0.0004 Tw 12.44 0 Td [(change sim)8(ulations, seen in )]TJ /TT17 1 Tf -0.0001 Tc 0.0001 Tw 11.25 0 Td [(F)6(i)-2(gures 5 \(a\))]TJ /TT16 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 5.385 0 Td (,)Tj /TT15 1 Tf 0.245 0 Td ( )Tj /TT17 1 Tf 0.001 Tc -0.001 Tw 0.25 0 Td [(\(b\), \(c)5(\))]TJ /TT15 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 2.835 0 Td ( and )Tj /TT17 1 Tf 0.0004 Tc 0 Tw 1.94 0 Td (\(d\))Tj /TT15 1 Tf 0 Tc 1.225 0 Td (. )Tj 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 205.6404 Tm ( )Tj 12 0 0 12 85.08 192.3203 Tm ( )Tj 0 -1.15 TD ( )Tj T* ( )Tj T* ( )Tj T* ( )Tj T* ( )Tj /TT16 1 Tf 7.02 0 0 7.02 85.08 114.2003 Tm ( )Tj 0.0015 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 106.1603 Tm [( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )]TJ 0 Tc 7.02 0 0 7.02 182.64 106.1603 Tm ( )Tj 0.0015 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 95.2403 Tm [( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6(a\))11( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )]TJ 32.0239 0 Td [( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )]TJ /TT15 1 Tf 0 Tc 12.2275 0 Td ( )Tj 10.98 0 0 10.98 85.08 82.8803 Tm ( )Tj ET /CS14 CS 0.004 0.004 0.004 SC 0.75 w 10 M 1 j 1 J []0 d 86.4 353.54 m 540 353.54 l 86.4 335.42 m 540 335.42 l 86.4 253.46 m 540 253.46 l S 0 g /GS7 gs BT /T1_3 9 Tf 1 0 0 1 287.492 28.8 Tm (3703)Tj ET q 90 0 0 81.42 211.02 103.4003 cm /Im8 Do Q 1 w 8 M 0 j /GS6 gs 85.02 89.24 108 108 re S /GS7 gs q 90 0 0 86.94 94.02 101.3003 cm /Im9 Do Q /GS6 gs 202.02 89.24 108 108 re 319.02 89.24 108 108 re 436.02 89.24 108 108 re S 0.502 0.502 0.502 SC 5.5 w 10 M 1 j 0 J 210.9 103.82 m 300.9 103.82 l S 3.5 w 210.9 184.82 m 300.9 184.82 l S 1 1 1 SC 4 w 210.9 193.82 m 210.9 94.82 l S 5 w 301.02 193.82 m 301.02 94.82 l S /CS14 cs 0 0 0 sc BT /TT16 1 Tf 0.003 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 299.28 93.8604 Tm [(b\))13( )]TJ ET /GS7 gs q 90 0 0 85.74 328.02 99.0804 cm /Im10 Do Q 0.502 0.502 0.502 SC 4 w /GS6 gs 328.02 184.82 m 418.02 184.82 l S 5.5 w 328.02 103.82 m 418.02 103.82 l S 1 1 1 SC 7 w 328.02 193.82 m 328.02 94.82 l S 4.5 w 418.02 193.82 m 418.02 94.82 l S BT /TT16 1 Tf -0.0007 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 416.28 93.8604 Tm (c\))Tj /TT15 1 Tf 0 Tc 12 0 0 12 423.96 93.8604 Tm ( )Tj ET /GS7 gs q 90 0 0 81.42 445.02 103.4003 cm /Im11 Do Q 1 1 1 sc /GS6 gs 328.02 193.82 90 -9 re f 445.02 193.82 90 -9 re f 1.5 w 8 M 0 j 1 J 445.02 184.82 90 9 re S 0.502 0.502 0.502 SC 5.5 w 10 M 1 j 0 J 445.02 103.82 m 535.02 103.82 l S 1 1 1 SC 445.02 193.82 m 445.02 94.82 l S 3.5 w 535.02 193.82 m 535.02 94.82 l S 0 0 0 sc BT /TT16 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0008 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 524.28 93.8604 Tm [( )6(d\))]TJ /TT15 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 12 0 0 12 540.0599 93.8604 Tm ( )Tj ET 2 w 94.02 193.82 m 94.02 94.82 l S 1 1 1 sc 211.02 193.82 90 -9 re f 94.02 193.82 90 -9 re f endstream endobj 397 0 obj 13752 endobj 398 0 obj << /Length 399 0 R >> stream /CS20 cs 0 0 0 sc 1 i /RelativeColorimetric ri /GS8 gs BT /TT20 1 Tf 0.0001 Tc 0.2592 Tw 12 0 0 12 85.08 731.7203 Tm [( )-1266(The output layer, on its turn, has only one)]TJ -0.0001 Tc 20.575 0 Td ( neuron that corresponds to the map of )Tj 0.0301 Tw -20.575 -1.15 Td (transition probabilities for the considered type of)Tj 0.0001 Tc 0.0299 Tw 19.725 0 Td ( land use change. In the training data set, the )Tj -0.0036 Tc 0.0286 Tw -19.725 -1.15 Td [(de)-5(s)-4(i)-6(r)-6(e)-5(d \(t)-6(a)-5(r)-6(ge)-5(t)-6(\))-6( va)-5(l)-6(u)-4(e i)-6(n)]TJ -0.0002 Tc 0.0245 Tw 9.6 0 Td ( the output layer is recorded as 1 fo)Tj 0.001 Tc 0.024 Tw 14.295 0 Td [(r)4( a)5( cell th)6(at un)6(derwent a)5( c)5(h)1(ange in)6( )]TJ 0.0007 Tc 0.0483 Tw -23.895 -1.15 Td [(its land use,)6( and 0 for a cell that suffered no ch)]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0498 Tw 19.275 0 Td (ange. In the extraction of)Tj 0.0007 Tc 0.0468 Tw 10.225 0 Td [( the tr)4(ain)6(i)-1(ng data se)5(t )]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.4488 Tw -29.5 -1.15 Td [(for each n)5(e)-1(twork, large rectang)5(l)3(es were de)]TJ 0.0008 Tc 0.4492 Tw 19.65 0 Td [(lim)9(ited within th)6(e s)5(t)-1(u)6(dy area co)6(ntain)6(i)-1(ng)6( )]TJ 0.001 Tc 0.094 Tw -19.65 -1.15 Td [(repres)5(enta)5(tive sam)9(p)1(les of)4( the exis)5(te)5(nt rang)6(es of)]TJ 0 Tc 0.0937 Tw 19.505 0 Td [( distances \(for the m)8(a)-1(ps)]TJ -0.0005 Tc 0.0955 Tw 9.875 0 Td [( of variables\) and of)8( )]TJ 0.0009 Tc -0.0009 Tw -29.38 -1.15 Td [(land use pe)5(r)4(m)9(anence and change \()4(i)-1(n)6( the cas)5(e of)4( the m)9(aps of)4( land use tr)4(an)6(sition)6(\))-1(. )]TJ 0.0008 Tc 0.1138 Tw 0 -1.15 TD [( )-1410(Diverging a)5(pproaches)5( r)4(u)1(le th)6(e def)4(i)4(nition)6( of)4( the)5( num)9(ber of)4( neurons in)6( the hidden la)5(yer. )]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.0297 Tw T* [(According to Kolm)8(ogor)-7(ov\264s theorem)8( \()-7(Y)3(eh and Li, 2003\), if)8( )]TJ /TT21 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 24.4 0 Td (n)Tj /TT20 1 Tf 0.0292 Tw 0.5 0 Td ( is the number of neurons in the )Tj 0.0002 Tc 0.2538 Tw -24.9 -1.15 Td [(input layer, the use of)8( 2)]TJ /TT21 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 10.705 0 Td (n)Tj /TT20 1 Tf -0.0006 Tc 0.2547 Tw 0.5 0 Td ( + 1 neurons can guarantee the )Tj -0.0003 Tc 0.2553 Tw 14.245 0 Td [(perfect fit of any continuous)-6( )]TJ -0.0001 Tc 0.1701 Tw -25.45 -1.15 Td [(functions, and reducing the num)8(ber of neurons )]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.1697 Tw 20.12 0 Td [(m)8(a)-1(y lead to lesser accuracy. On the other )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.001 Tw -20.12 -1.15 Td [(hand, W)9(a)-1(ng states that 2)]TJ /TT21 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 9.8 0 Td (n)Tj /TT20 1 Tf 0.0004 Tc -0.0004 Tw 0.5 0 Td [(/3 hidden neurons can produce results of alm)8(ost sim)8(ilar accuracy but )]TJ 0.0009 Tc 0.0034 Tw -10.3 -1.15 Td [(requires m)9(u)-4(ch less tim)9(e to train \(W)10(ang, 1994 apud )]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.0047 Tw 20.54 0 Td (Yeh and Li, 2003\). In a)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.0045 Tw 9.385 0 Td (ll the four networks )Tj 0.0001 Tc 0.0399 Tw -29.925 -1.15 Td [(of this study, Kol)-7(m)8(ogorov\264s prem)8(is)-6(es have been)]TJ 0.0005 Tc 0.0382 Tw 19.6 0 Td ( observed, and the pred)Tj 0 Tc 0.0375 Tw 9.46 0 Td (iction error decreased )Tj 0.001 Tc 0.339 Tw -29.06 -1.15 Td [(consider)4(ably)6( during)6( the)5( )]TJ -0.0004 Tc 0.3404 Tw 10.71 0 Td (training, as shown in )Tj /TT22 1 Tf 0.0005 Tc 0.337 Tw 9.935 0 Td [(Figure 4)6( \(b\))]TJ /TT20 1 Tf 0.001 Tc 0.339 Tw 5.73 0 Td [(. W)10(ith the ce)5(lls)5( tra)5(n)1(sitio)6(n)6( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.0346 Tw -26.375 -1.15 Td [(probabilities)5( being d)5(e)-1(fin)5(e)-1(d by th)5(e A)8(NN outputs,)5( )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0348 Tw 19.78 0 Td [(global trans)4(ition)5( probab)5(ilities were reckoned )]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.163 Tw -19.78 -1.15 Td (through a cross-tabulation operatio)Tj 0 Tc 0.165 Tw 14.46 0 Td (n between the initial)Tj 0.1637 Tw 8.625 0 Td ( and final land us)Tj -0.0005 Tc 0.1655 Tw 7.54 0 Td [(e m)7(a)-2(ps shown in )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.1896 Tw -30.625 -1.15 Td [(Figure 1. T)6(hese probabilities are 0.1501 for th)]TJ 0 Tc 0.189 Tw 19.745 0 Td (e transition \223nu_res\224, 0.0113 for \223nu_ind\224, )Tj 0.0002 Tc -0.0012 Tw -19.745 -1.15 Td (0.0028 for \223nu_inst\224, and 0.0005 for )Tj 0.0003 Tc -0.0003 Tw 14.855 0 Td (the transition \223nu_leis\224.)Tj 0 Tc 0 Tw 7.02 0 0 7.02 377.7 483.3203 Tm ( )Tj /TT22 1 Tf 12 0 0 12 85.08 457.4003 Tm (6.)Tj /TT23 1 Tf 0.75 0 Td ( )Tj /TT22 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 1.025 0 Td [(Results and Discussion)6( )]TJ /TT20 1 Tf 0.0001 Tc 0.0749 Tw -1.775 -1.64 Td (Maps of transition probabilities were generated )Tj 0.0002 Tc 0.0748 Tw 19.61 0 Td [(for the four types of land use change, wher)-7(e)-6( )]TJ 0.0008 Tc 0.1992 Tw -19.61 -1.225 Td [(the learning param)9(eter \()]TJ /TT24 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 12 0 4.1041 12 207.3 423.0203 Tm (")Tj /TT20 1 Tf -0.0003 Tc 0.2011 Tw 12 0 0 12 214.56 423.0203 Tm [(\) was set to 0.2, the m)8(a)-1(xi)-7(m)8(u)]TJ 0.0008 Tc 0.1992 Tw 12.475 0 Td [(m)9( distance to the error \()]TJ /TT21 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 10.585 0 Td (d)Tj 0.0017 Tc 7.98 0 0 7.98 497.22 421.5203 Tm (max)Tj /TT20 1 Tf 0.0024 Tc 0.1976 Tw 12 0 0 12 510.54 423.0203 Tm (\) was )Tj 0 Tc 0.0535 Tw -35.455 -1.15 Td (adjusted to 0.1, and the iteration cycles ra)Tj 0.0544 Tw 17.015 0 Td [(nged from)8( 800 to 1,000. Upon basis of the pruning )]TJ 0.0009 Tc -0.002 Tw -17.015 -1.15 Td [(algor)4(ithm)9(,)1( sets of)4( variab)6(les have b)6(ee)5(n)1( selec)5(t)-1(ed to)6( explain the land use tran)6(sition)6(s \()]TJ /TT22 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 32.825 0 Td (Table 2)Tj /TT20 1 Tf 0.001 Tc 0 Tw 3.195 0 Td (\). )Tj 0 Tc 7.98 0 0 7.98 85.08 385.4003 Tm ( )Tj 0.0012 Tc -0.0057 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 374.3003 Tm [(Tabl)4(e 2 )]TJ 0.0016 Tc -0.0061 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(Sel)4(ect)4(i)4(on of)5( )-6(va)8(ri)4(abl)4(e)2(s det)4(e)2(rm)13(ini)4(n)5(g )-6(l)4(a)2(n)5(d)-1( use)8( )-6(c)8(h)-1(an)5(ge )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw 9 0 0 9 85.08 352.3403 Tm ( )Tj 0.0008 Tc 0.0007 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 340.9403 Tm [(Inde)8(pende)8(n)-2(t V)4(a)2(riables )6(\(N)4(otation\) )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6(N)]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw 7.98 0 0 7.98 324.18 340.9403 Tm (U)Tj 0.003 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 329.94 340.9403 Tm (_R)Tj -0.0017 Tc -0.0002 Tw 7.98 0 0 7.98 341.64 340.9403 Tm [(ES )-7( )-7( )-7( )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 374.88 340.9403 Tm (N)Tj 7.98 0 0 7.98 382.2 340.9403 Tm (U)Tj 0.003 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 387.96 340.9403 Tm (_I)Tj -0.0015 Tc -0.0004 Tw 7.98 0 0 7.98 396.36 340.9403 Tm [(ND )-7( )-7( )-7( )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 431.82 340.9403 Tm (N)Tj 7.98 0 0 7.98 439.08 340.9403 Tm (U)Tj 0.003 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 444.84 340.9403 Tm (_I)Tj -0.0016 Tc -0.0003 Tw 7.98 0 0 7.98 453.24 340.9403 Tm [(NST )-7( )-7( )-7( )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 492.24 340.9403 Tm (N)Tj 7.98 0 0 7.98 499.4999 340.9403 Tm (U)Tj 0.003 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 505.2599 340.9403 Tm (_L)Tj -0.002 Tc 7.98 0 0 7.98 516.4199 340.9403 Tm (EIS)Tj 0 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 528.36 340.9403 Tm ( )Tj 9 0 0 9 85.08 330.5004 Tm ( )Tj -0.0021 Tc 7.02 0 0 7.02 85.08 321.5004 Tm [(Di)-6(st)-6(ances)-6( )9(to)-6( riv)-6(e)-3(r)6(s)-6( \(di)-6(s)2(t)-6(_)2(riv)-6(\))6( )-3496( )-4795( )-4795( )-4795( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )]TJ 53.4359 0 Td [( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )]TJ /TT24 1 Tf 0 Tc 6.4786 0 Td (#)Tj /TT20 1 Tf 0.7692 0 Td ( )Tj 0.0005 Tc -0.0112 Tw -60.6838 -1.2222 Td [(Dis)5(t)-4(ances to )-9(com)9(m)18(er)-8(cia)8(l)-4( )]TJ -0.0026 Tc 0.0005 Tw 10.1111 0 Td [(zon)-7(e)5(s)-7( \(dis)-7(t_)-7(c)5(o)-7(m)15(\))-11( )-2974( )-4795( )-4795( )-4795( )-4795( )-8( )]TJ /TT24 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 33.2137 0 Td (#)Tj /TT20 1 Tf 0.7692 0 Td ( )Tj -0.0024 Tc 0.0003 Tw -44.094 -1.2222 Td [(Di)-7(st)-7(ances)-6( )9(to)-7( s)-6(m)15(al)-7(l)-7(-)-3(sized)-7( )9(i)-7(ndu)-7(st)-7(rial)-7( z)6(o)2(n)-7(e)-3(s)-6( \()6(d)-7(is)-6(t_i)-7(nd)-7(\))6( )-4607( )-4795( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )]TJ /TT24 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 43.4615 0 Td (#)Tj /TT20 1 Tf 0.7692 0 Td ( )Tj -0.0025 Tc 0.0004 Tw -44.2308 -1.2222 Td [(Di)-7(st)-7(ances)-6( )9(to)-7( in)-7(st)-7(itu)-7(tion)-7(al)-7( )9(zon)-7(e)6(s)-6( \(dis)-6(t_)-7(ins)-6(t)-7(\))6( )-3196( )-4795( )-4795( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0 Tw 50.1966 0 Td ( )Tj /TT24 1 Tf 0 Tc 1.2393 0 Td (#)Tj /TT20 1 Tf 0.7692 0 Td ( )Tj -0.0029 Tc 0.0008 Tw -52.2051 -1.2222 Td [(Di)-7(st)-7(ances)-7( )9(to)-7( resid)-7(e)-3(ntial)-7( zo)-7(n)-7(e)5(s)-7( \(d)-7(is)-7(t_)-7(res)-7(\))5( )-4085( )-4795( )-4795( )-8( )-8( )]TJ /TT24 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 35.2308 0 Td (#)Tj /TT20 1 Tf -0.0021 Tc 0.7692 0 Td [( )-8( )-8( )-8( )]TJ /TT24 1 Tf 0 Tc 7.4615 0 Td (#)Tj /TT20 1 Tf -0.0021 Tc 0.7692 0 Td [( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )]TJ /TT24 1 Tf 0 Tc 15.6838 0 Td (#)Tj /TT20 1 Tf 0.7692 0 Td ( )Tj -0.0022 Tc 0.0001 Tw -60.6838 -1.2222 Td [(Di)-6(st)-6(ances)-6( )9(to)-6( l)-6(e)6(i)-6(s)2(u)-6(r)-2(e)6(/)-6(r)6(ecrea)6(t)-6(ion)-6( zon)-6(e)6(s)-6( \(dis)-6(t_l)-6(eis)-6(\))6( )-1094( )-4795( )-4795( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0 Tw 48.9487 0 Td [( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )]TJ /TT24 1 Tf 0 Tc 10.9658 0 Td (#)Tj /TT20 1 Tf -0.0021 Tc 0.7692 0 Td ( )Tj -0.0022 Tc 0.0001 Tw -60.6838 -1.2137 Td [(Di)-6(st)-6(ances)-6( )9(to)-6( m)15(a)-3(i)-6(n)-6( i)-6(nteru)-6(r)6(b)-6(a)6(n)-6( roads)-6( \(int)-6(_rds)-6(\))6( )-2342( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0 Tw 40.6068 0 Td [( )-8( )-8( )]TJ /TT24 1 Tf 0 Tc 2.9915 0 Td (#)Tj /TT20 1 Tf -0.0021 Tc 0.7692 0 Td [( )-8( )-8( )]TJ /TT24 1 Tf 0 Tc 6.9573 0 Td (#)Tj /TT20 1 Tf 3.1346 Tc 0.7607 0 Td [( )-1658( )3137( )]TJ 0.0028 Tc -0.0049 Tw -52.0855 -1.2222 Td [(D)7(i)-1(s)7(t)-1(an)7(ces )9(t)7(o)-1( m)20(a)2(in pa)11(ve)11(d an)7(d n)7(o)7(n)-1(-)11(p)-1(av)7(ed )9(ur)11(ba)11(n an)7(d i)7(n)7(t)-1(er)11(urb)7(a)2(n r)11(o)7(ads \(m)20(ain)7(_)-1(r)11(d)-1(s\))11( )]TJ /TT24 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 35.2991 0 Td (#)Tj /TT20 1 Tf 4.7927 Tc 0.7521 0 Td [( )752( )4795( )]TJ /TT21 1 Tf 0 Tc 7.98 0 0 7.98 85.08 252.4403 Tm ( )Tj /TT20 1 Tf 7.02 0 0 7.02 85.08 244.1603 Tm ( )Tj -0.0001 Tc 0.0401 Tw 12 0 0 12 85.08 231.3803 Tm [(The transition probabilities m)8(a)-1(ps)]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.0389 Tw 13.305 0 Td [( served as)5( inpu)6(ts to)6( the)4( CA sim)8(u)1(lation model \226 DI)4(NAMICA )]TJ 0.0002 Tc -0.0012 Tw -13.305 -1.15 Td (\226 which produced the land use )Tj 0.0004 Tc -0.0004 Tw 12.44 0 Td [(change sim)8(ulations, seen in )]TJ /TT22 1 Tf -0.0001 Tc 0.0001 Tw 11.25 0 Td [(F)6(i)-2(gures 5 \(a\))]TJ /TT21 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 5.385 0 Td (,)Tj /TT20 1 Tf 0.245 0 Td ( )Tj /TT22 1 Tf 0.001 Tc -0.001 Tw 0.25 0 Td [(\(b\), \(c)5(\))]TJ /TT20 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 2.835 0 Td ( and )Tj /TT22 1 Tf 0.0004 Tc 0 Tw 1.94 0 Td (\(d\))Tj /TT20 1 Tf 0 Tc 1.225 0 Td (. )Tj 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 205.6404 Tm ( )Tj 12 0 0 12 85.08 192.3203 Tm ( )Tj 0 -1.15 TD ( )Tj T* ( )Tj T* ( )Tj T* ( )Tj T* ( )Tj /TT21 1 Tf 7.02 0 0 7.02 85.08 114.2003 Tm ( )Tj 0.0015 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 106.1603 Tm [( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )]TJ 0 Tc 7.02 0 0 7.02 182.64 106.1603 Tm ( )Tj 0.0015 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 95.2403 Tm [( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6(a\))11( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )]TJ 32.0239 0 Td [( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )]TJ /TT20 1 Tf 0 Tc 12.2275 0 Td ( )Tj 10.98 0 0 10.98 85.08 82.8803 Tm ( )Tj ET /CS20 CS 0.004 0.004 0.004 SC 0.75 w 10 M 1 j 1 J []0 d 86.4 353.54 m 540 353.54 l 86.4 335.42 m 540 335.42 l 86.4 253.46 m 540 253.46 l S 0 g /GS9 gs BT /T1_4 9 Tf 1 0 0 1 287.492 28.8 Tm (3703)Tj ET 0.502 0.502 0.502 SC 3.5 w 0 J /GS8 gs 210.9 184.82 m 300.9 184.82 l S /CS20 cs 1 1 1 sc 328.02 193.82 90 -9 re f 445.02 193.82 90 -9 re f 1 1 1 SC 1.5 w 8 M 0 j 1 J 445.02 184.82 90 9 re S 211.02 193.82 90 -9 re f 94.02 193.82 90 -9 re f endstream endobj 399 0 obj 12546 endobj 400 0 obj << /Length 401 0 R >> stream /CS22 cs 0 0 0 sc 1 i /RelativeColorimetric ri /GS10 gs BT /TT25 1 Tf 0.0001 Tc 0.2592 Tw 12 0 0 12 85.08 731.7203 Tm [( )-1266(The output layer, on its turn, has only one)]TJ -0.0001 Tc 20.575 0 Td ( neuron that corresponds to the map of )Tj 0.0301 Tw -20.575 -1.15 Td (transition probabilities for the considered type of)Tj 0.0001 Tc 0.0299 Tw 19.725 0 Td ( land use change. In the training data set, the )Tj -0.0036 Tc 0.0286 Tw -19.725 -1.15 Td [(de)-5(s)-4(i)-6(r)-6(e)-5(d \(t)-6(a)-5(r)-6(ge)-5(t)-6(\))-6( va)-5(l)-6(u)-4(e i)-6(n)]TJ -0.0002 Tc 0.0245 Tw 9.6 0 Td ( the output layer is recorded as 1 fo)Tj 0.001 Tc 0.024 Tw 14.295 0 Td [(r)4( a)5( cell th)6(at un)6(derwent a)5( c)5(h)1(ange in)6( )]TJ 0.0007 Tc 0.0483 Tw -23.895 -1.15 Td [(its land use,)6( and 0 for a cell that suffered no ch)]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0498 Tw 19.275 0 Td (ange. In the extraction of)Tj 0.0007 Tc 0.0468 Tw 10.225 0 Td [( the tr)4(ain)6(i)-1(ng data se)5(t )]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.4488 Tw -29.5 -1.15 Td [(for each n)5(e)-1(twork, large rectang)5(l)3(es were de)]TJ 0.0008 Tc 0.4492 Tw 19.65 0 Td [(lim)9(ited within th)6(e s)5(t)-1(u)6(dy area co)6(ntain)6(i)-1(ng)6( )]TJ 0.001 Tc 0.094 Tw -19.65 -1.15 Td [(repres)5(enta)5(tive sam)9(p)1(les of)4( the exis)5(te)5(nt rang)6(es of)]TJ 0 Tc 0.0937 Tw 19.505 0 Td [( distances \(for the m)8(a)-1(ps)]TJ -0.0005 Tc 0.0955 Tw 9.875 0 Td [( of variables\) and of)8( )]TJ 0.0009 Tc -0.0009 Tw -29.38 -1.15 Td [(land use pe)5(r)4(m)9(anence and change \()4(i)-1(n)6( the cas)5(e of)4( the m)9(aps of)4( land use tr)4(an)6(sition)6(\))-1(. )]TJ 0.0008 Tc 0.1138 Tw 0 -1.15 TD [( )-1410(Diverging a)5(pproaches)5( r)4(u)1(le th)6(e def)4(i)4(nition)6( of)4( the)5( num)9(ber of)4( neurons in)6( the hidden la)5(yer. )]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.0297 Tw T* [(According to Kolm)8(ogor)-7(ov\264s theorem)8( \()-7(Y)3(eh and Li, 2003\), if)8( )]TJ /TT26 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 24.4 0 Td (n)Tj /TT25 1 Tf 0.0292 Tw 0.5 0 Td ( is the number of neurons in the )Tj 0.0002 Tc 0.2538 Tw -24.9 -1.15 Td [(input layer, the use of)8( 2)]TJ /TT26 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 10.705 0 Td (n)Tj /TT25 1 Tf -0.0006 Tc 0.2547 Tw 0.5 0 Td ( + 1 neurons can guarantee the )Tj -0.0003 Tc 0.2553 Tw 14.245 0 Td [(perfect fit of any continuous)-6( )]TJ -0.0001 Tc 0.1701 Tw -25.45 -1.15 Td [(functions, and reducing the num)8(ber of neurons )]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.1697 Tw 20.12 0 Td [(m)8(a)-1(y lead to lesser accuracy. On the other )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.001 Tw -20.12 -1.15 Td [(hand, W)9(a)-1(ng states that 2)]TJ /TT26 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 9.8 0 Td (n)Tj /TT25 1 Tf 0.0004 Tc -0.0004 Tw 0.5 0 Td [(/3 hidden neurons can produce results of alm)8(ost sim)8(ilar accuracy but )]TJ 0.0009 Tc 0.0034 Tw -10.3 -1.15 Td [(requires m)9(u)-4(ch less tim)9(e to train \(W)10(ang, 1994 apud )]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.0047 Tw 20.54 0 Td (Yeh and Li, 2003\). In a)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.0045 Tw 9.385 0 Td (ll the four networks )Tj 0.0001 Tc 0.0399 Tw -29.925 -1.15 Td [(of this study, Kol)-7(m)8(ogorov\264s prem)8(is)-6(es have been)]TJ 0.0005 Tc 0.0382 Tw 19.6 0 Td ( observed, and the pred)Tj 0 Tc 0.0375 Tw 9.46 0 Td (iction error decreased )Tj 0.001 Tc 0.339 Tw -29.06 -1.15 Td [(consider)4(ably)6( during)6( the)5( )]TJ -0.0004 Tc 0.3404 Tw 10.71 0 Td (training, as shown in )Tj /TT27 1 Tf 0.0005 Tc 0.337 Tw 9.935 0 Td [(Figure 4)6( \(b\))]TJ /TT25 1 Tf 0.001 Tc 0.339 Tw 5.73 0 Td [(. W)10(ith the ce)5(lls)5( tra)5(n)1(sitio)6(n)6( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.0346 Tw -26.375 -1.15 Td [(probabilities)5( being d)5(e)-1(fin)5(e)-1(d by th)5(e A)8(NN outputs,)5( )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0348 Tw 19.78 0 Td [(global trans)4(ition)5( probab)5(ilities were reckoned )]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.163 Tw -19.78 -1.15 Td (through a cross-tabulation operatio)Tj 0 Tc 0.165 Tw 14.46 0 Td (n between the initial)Tj 0.1637 Tw 8.625 0 Td ( and final land us)Tj -0.0005 Tc 0.1655 Tw 7.54 0 Td [(e m)7(a)-2(ps shown in )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.1896 Tw -30.625 -1.15 Td [(Figure 1. T)6(hese probabilities are 0.1501 for th)]TJ 0 Tc 0.189 Tw 19.745 0 Td (e transition \223nu_res\224, 0.0113 for \223nu_ind\224, )Tj 0.0002 Tc -0.0012 Tw -19.745 -1.15 Td (0.0028 for \223nu_inst\224, and 0.0005 for )Tj 0.0003 Tc -0.0003 Tw 14.855 0 Td (the transition \223nu_leis\224.)Tj 0 Tc 0 Tw 7.02 0 0 7.02 377.7 483.3203 Tm ( )Tj /TT27 1 Tf 12 0 0 12 85.08 457.4003 Tm (6.)Tj /TT28 1 Tf 0.75 0 Td ( )Tj /TT27 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 1.025 0 Td [(Results and Discussion)6( )]TJ /TT25 1 Tf 0.0001 Tc 0.0749 Tw -1.775 -1.64 Td (Maps of transition probabilities were generated )Tj 0.0002 Tc 0.0748 Tw 19.61 0 Td [(for the four types of land use change, wher)-7(e)-6( )]TJ 0.0008 Tc 0.1992 Tw -19.61 -1.225 Td [(the learning param)9(eter \()]TJ /TT29 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 12 0 4.1041 12 207.3 423.0203 Tm (")Tj /TT25 1 Tf -0.0003 Tc 0.2011 Tw 12 0 0 12 214.56 423.0203 Tm [(\) was set to 0.2, the m)8(a)-1(xi)-7(m)8(u)]TJ 0.0008 Tc 0.1992 Tw 12.475 0 Td [(m)9( distance to the error \()]TJ /TT26 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 10.585 0 Td (d)Tj 0.0017 Tc 7.98 0 0 7.98 497.22 421.5203 Tm (max)Tj /TT25 1 Tf 0.0024 Tc 0.1976 Tw 12 0 0 12 510.54 423.0203 Tm (\) was )Tj 0 Tc 0.0535 Tw -35.455 -1.15 Td (adjusted to 0.1, and the iteration cycles ra)Tj 0.0544 Tw 17.015 0 Td [(nged from)8( 800 to 1,000. Upon basis of the pruning )]TJ 0.0009 Tc -0.002 Tw -17.015 -1.15 Td [(algor)4(ithm)9(,)1( sets of)4( variab)6(les have b)6(ee)5(n)1( selec)5(t)-1(ed to)6( explain the land use tran)6(sition)6(s \()]TJ /TT27 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 32.825 0 Td (Table 2)Tj /TT25 1 Tf 0.001 Tc 0 Tw 3.195 0 Td (\). )Tj 0 Tc 7.98 0 0 7.98 85.08 385.4003 Tm ( )Tj 0.0012 Tc -0.0057 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 374.3003 Tm [(Tabl)4(e 2 )]TJ 0.0016 Tc -0.0061 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(Sel)4(ect)4(i)4(on of)5( )-6(va)8(ri)4(abl)4(e)2(s det)4(e)2(rm)13(ini)4(n)5(g )-6(l)4(a)2(n)5(d)-1( use)8( )-6(c)8(h)-1(an)5(ge )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw 9 0 0 9 85.08 352.3403 Tm ( )Tj 0.0008 Tc 0.0007 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 340.9403 Tm [(Inde)8(pende)8(n)-2(t V)4(a)2(riables )6(\(N)4(otation\) )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6(N)]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw 7.98 0 0 7.98 324.18 340.9403 Tm (U)Tj 0.003 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 329.94 340.9403 Tm (_R)Tj -0.0017 Tc -0.0002 Tw 7.98 0 0 7.98 341.64 340.9403 Tm [(ES )-7( )-7( )-7( )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 374.88 340.9403 Tm (N)Tj 7.98 0 0 7.98 382.2 340.9403 Tm (U)Tj 0.003 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 387.96 340.9403 Tm (_I)Tj -0.0015 Tc -0.0004 Tw 7.98 0 0 7.98 396.36 340.9403 Tm [(ND )-7( )-7( )-7( )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 431.82 340.9403 Tm (N)Tj 7.98 0 0 7.98 439.08 340.9403 Tm (U)Tj 0.003 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 444.84 340.9403 Tm (_I)Tj -0.0016 Tc -0.0003 Tw 7.98 0 0 7.98 453.24 340.9403 Tm [(NST )-7( )-7( )-7( )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 492.24 340.9403 Tm (N)Tj 7.98 0 0 7.98 499.4999 340.9403 Tm (U)Tj 0.003 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 505.2599 340.9403 Tm (_L)Tj -0.002 Tc 7.98 0 0 7.98 516.4199 340.9403 Tm (EIS)Tj 0 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 528.36 340.9403 Tm ( )Tj 9 0 0 9 85.08 330.5004 Tm ( )Tj -0.0021 Tc 7.02 0 0 7.02 85.08 321.5004 Tm [(Di)-6(st)-6(ances)-6( )9(to)-6( riv)-6(e)-3(r)6(s)-6( \(di)-6(s)2(t)-6(_)2(riv)-6(\))6( )-3496( )-4795( )-4795( )-4795( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )]TJ 53.4359 0 Td [( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )]TJ /TT29 1 Tf 0 Tc 6.4786 0 Td (#)Tj /TT25 1 Tf 0.7692 0 Td ( )Tj 0.0005 Tc -0.0112 Tw -60.6838 -1.2222 Td [(Dis)5(t)-4(ances to )-9(com)9(m)18(er)-8(cia)8(l)-4( )]TJ -0.0026 Tc 0.0005 Tw 10.1111 0 Td [(zon)-7(e)5(s)-7( \(dis)-7(t_)-7(c)5(o)-7(m)15(\))-11( )-2974( )-4795( )-4795( )-4795( )-4795( )-8( )]TJ /TT29 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 33.2137 0 Td (#)Tj /TT25 1 Tf 0.7692 0 Td ( )Tj -0.0024 Tc 0.0003 Tw -44.094 -1.2222 Td [(Di)-7(st)-7(ances)-6( )9(to)-7( s)-6(m)15(al)-7(l)-7(-)-3(sized)-7( )9(i)-7(ndu)-7(st)-7(rial)-7( z)6(o)2(n)-7(e)-3(s)-6( \()6(d)-7(is)-6(t_i)-7(nd)-7(\))6( )-4607( )-4795( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )]TJ /TT29 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 43.4615 0 Td (#)Tj /TT25 1 Tf 0.7692 0 Td ( )Tj -0.0025 Tc 0.0004 Tw -44.2308 -1.2222 Td [(Di)-7(st)-7(ances)-6( )9(to)-7( in)-7(st)-7(itu)-7(tion)-7(al)-7( )9(zon)-7(e)6(s)-6( \(dis)-6(t_)-7(ins)-6(t)-7(\))6( )-3196( )-4795( )-4795( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0 Tw 50.1966 0 Td ( )Tj /TT29 1 Tf 0 Tc 1.2393 0 Td (#)Tj /TT25 1 Tf 0.7692 0 Td ( )Tj -0.0029 Tc 0.0008 Tw -52.2051 -1.2222 Td [(Di)-7(st)-7(ances)-7( )9(to)-7( resid)-7(e)-3(ntial)-7( zo)-7(n)-7(e)5(s)-7( \(d)-7(is)-7(t_)-7(res)-7(\))5( )-4085( )-4795( )-4795( )-8( )-8( )]TJ /TT29 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 35.2308 0 Td (#)Tj /TT25 1 Tf -0.0021 Tc 0.7692 0 Td [( )-8( )-8( )-8( )]TJ /TT29 1 Tf 0 Tc 7.4615 0 Td (#)Tj /TT25 1 Tf -0.0021 Tc 0.7692 0 Td [( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )]TJ /TT29 1 Tf 0 Tc 15.6838 0 Td (#)Tj /TT25 1 Tf 0.7692 0 Td ( )Tj -0.0022 Tc 0.0001 Tw -60.6838 -1.2222 Td [(Di)-6(st)-6(ances)-6( )9(to)-6( l)-6(e)6(i)-6(s)2(u)-6(r)-2(e)6(/)-6(r)6(ecrea)6(t)-6(ion)-6( zon)-6(e)6(s)-6( \(dis)-6(t_l)-6(eis)-6(\))6( )-1094( )-4795( )-4795( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0 Tw 48.9487 0 Td [( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )]TJ /TT29 1 Tf 0 Tc 10.9658 0 Td (#)Tj /TT25 1 Tf -0.0021 Tc 0.7692 0 Td ( )Tj -0.0022 Tc 0.0001 Tw -60.6838 -1.2137 Td [(Di)-6(st)-6(ances)-6( )9(to)-6( m)15(a)-3(i)-6(n)-6( i)-6(nteru)-6(r)6(b)-6(a)6(n)-6( roads)-6( \(int)-6(_rds)-6(\))6( )-2342( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0 Tw 40.6068 0 Td [( )-8( )-8( )]TJ /TT29 1 Tf 0 Tc 2.9915 0 Td (#)Tj /TT25 1 Tf -0.0021 Tc 0.7692 0 Td [( )-8( )-8( )]TJ /TT29 1 Tf 0 Tc 6.9573 0 Td (#)Tj /TT25 1 Tf 3.1346 Tc 0.7607 0 Td [( )-1658( )3137( )]TJ 0.0028 Tc -0.0049 Tw -52.0855 -1.2222 Td [(D)7(i)-1(s)7(t)-1(an)7(ces )9(t)7(o)-1( m)20(a)2(in pa)11(ve)11(d an)7(d n)7(o)7(n)-1(-)11(p)-1(av)7(ed )9(ur)11(ba)11(n an)7(d i)7(n)7(t)-1(er)11(urb)7(a)2(n r)11(o)7(ads \(m)20(ain)7(_)-1(r)11(d)-1(s\))11( )]TJ /TT29 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 35.2991 0 Td (#)Tj /TT25 1 Tf 4.7927 Tc 0.7521 0 Td [( )752( )4795( )]TJ /TT26 1 Tf 0 Tc 7.98 0 0 7.98 85.08 252.4403 Tm ( )Tj /TT25 1 Tf 7.02 0 0 7.02 85.08 244.1603 Tm ( )Tj -0.0001 Tc 0.0401 Tw 12 0 0 12 85.08 231.3803 Tm [(The transition probabilities m)8(a)-1(ps)]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.0389 Tw 13.305 0 Td [( served as)5( inpu)6(ts to)6( the)4( CA sim)8(u)1(lation model \226 DI)4(NAMICA )]TJ 0.0002 Tc -0.0012 Tw -13.305 -1.15 Td (\226 which produced the land use )Tj 0.0004 Tc -0.0004 Tw 12.44 0 Td [(change sim)8(ulations, seen in )]TJ /TT27 1 Tf -0.0001 Tc 0.0001 Tw 11.25 0 Td [(F)6(i)-2(gures 5 \(a\))]TJ /TT26 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 5.385 0 Td (,)Tj /TT25 1 Tf 0.245 0 Td ( )Tj /TT27 1 Tf 0.001 Tc -0.001 Tw 0.25 0 Td [(\(b\), \(c)5(\))]TJ /TT25 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 2.835 0 Td ( and )Tj /TT27 1 Tf 0.0004 Tc 0 Tw 1.94 0 Td (\(d\))Tj /TT25 1 Tf 0 Tc 1.225 0 Td (. )Tj 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 205.6404 Tm ( )Tj 12 0 0 12 85.08 192.3203 Tm ( )Tj 0 -1.15 TD ( )Tj T* ( )Tj T* ( )Tj T* ( )Tj T* ( )Tj /TT26 1 Tf 7.02 0 0 7.02 85.08 114.2003 Tm ( )Tj 0.0015 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 106.1603 Tm [( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )]TJ 0 Tc 7.02 0 0 7.02 182.64 106.1603 Tm ( )Tj /TT25 1 Tf 10.98 0 0 10.98 85.08 82.8803 Tm ( )Tj ET /CS22 CS 0.004 0.004 0.004 SC 0.75 w 10 M 1 j 1 J []0 d 86.4 353.54 m 540 353.54 l 86.4 335.42 m 540 335.42 l 86.4 253.46 m 540 253.46 l S 0 g /GS11 gs BT /T1_5 9 Tf 1 0 0 1 287.492 28.8 Tm (3703)Tj ET 0.502 0.502 0.502 SC 3.5 w 0 J /GS10 gs 210.9 184.82 m 300.9 184.82 l S /CS22 cs 1 1 1 sc 328.02 193.82 90 -9 re f 445.02 193.82 90 -9 re f 1 1 1 SC 1.5 w 8 M 0 j 1 J 445.02 184.82 90 9 re S 211.02 193.82 90 -9 re f 94.02 193.82 90 -9 re f endstream endobj 401 0 obj 12106 endobj 402 0 obj << /Length 403 0 R >> stream /CS24 cs 0 0 0 sc 1 i /RelativeColorimetric ri /GS12 gs BT /TT30 1 Tf 0.0001 Tc 0.2592 Tw 12 0 0 12 85.08 731.7203 Tm [( )-1266(The output layer, on its turn, has only one)]TJ -0.0001 Tc 20.575 0 Td ( neuron that corresponds to the map of )Tj 0.0301 Tw -20.575 -1.15 Td (transition probabilities for the considered type of)Tj 0.0001 Tc 0.0299 Tw 19.725 0 Td ( land use change. In the training data set, the )Tj -0.0036 Tc 0.0286 Tw -19.725 -1.15 Td [(de)-5(s)-4(i)-6(r)-6(e)-5(d \(t)-6(a)-5(r)-6(ge)-5(t)-6(\))-6( va)-5(l)-6(u)-4(e i)-6(n)]TJ -0.0002 Tc 0.0245 Tw 9.6 0 Td ( the output layer is recorded as 1 fo)Tj 0.001 Tc 0.024 Tw 14.295 0 Td [(r)4( a)5( cell th)6(at un)6(derwent a)5( c)5(h)1(ange in)6( )]TJ 0.0007 Tc 0.0483 Tw -23.895 -1.15 Td [(its land use,)6( and 0 for a cell that suffered no ch)]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0498 Tw 19.275 0 Td (ange. In the extraction of)Tj 0.0007 Tc 0.0468 Tw 10.225 0 Td [( the tr)4(ain)6(i)-1(ng data se)5(t )]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.4488 Tw -29.5 -1.15 Td [(for each n)5(e)-1(twork, large rectang)5(l)3(es were de)]TJ 0.0008 Tc 0.4492 Tw 19.65 0 Td [(lim)9(ited within th)6(e s)5(t)-1(u)6(dy area co)6(ntain)6(i)-1(ng)6( )]TJ 0.001 Tc 0.094 Tw -19.65 -1.15 Td [(repres)5(enta)5(tive sam)9(p)1(les of)4( the exis)5(te)5(nt rang)6(es of)]TJ 0 Tc 0.0937 Tw 19.505 0 Td [( distances \(for the m)8(a)-1(ps)]TJ -0.0005 Tc 0.0955 Tw 9.875 0 Td [( of variables\) and of)8( )]TJ 0.0009 Tc -0.0009 Tw -29.38 -1.15 Td [(land use pe)5(r)4(m)9(anence and change \()4(i)-1(n)6( the cas)5(e of)4( the m)9(aps of)4( land use tr)4(an)6(sition)6(\))-1(. )]TJ 0.0008 Tc 0.1138 Tw 0 -1.15 TD [( )-1410(Diverging a)5(pproaches)5( r)4(u)1(le th)6(e def)4(i)4(nition)6( of)4( the)5( num)9(ber of)4( neurons in)6( the hidden la)5(yer. )]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.0297 Tw T* [(According to Kolm)8(ogor)-7(ov\264s theorem)8( \()-7(Y)3(eh and Li, 2003\), if)8( )]TJ /TT31 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 24.4 0 Td (n)Tj /TT30 1 Tf 0.0292 Tw 0.5 0 Td ( is the number of neurons in the )Tj 0.0002 Tc 0.2538 Tw -24.9 -1.15 Td [(input layer, the use of)8( 2)]TJ /TT31 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 10.705 0 Td (n)Tj /TT30 1 Tf -0.0006 Tc 0.2547 Tw 0.5 0 Td ( + 1 neurons can guarantee the )Tj -0.0003 Tc 0.2553 Tw 14.245 0 Td [(perfect fit of any continuous)-6( )]TJ -0.0001 Tc 0.1701 Tw -25.45 -1.15 Td [(functions, and reducing the num)8(ber of neurons )]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.1697 Tw 20.12 0 Td [(m)8(a)-1(y lead to lesser accuracy. On the other )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.001 Tw -20.12 -1.15 Td [(hand, W)9(a)-1(ng states that 2)]TJ /TT31 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 9.8 0 Td (n)Tj /TT30 1 Tf 0.0004 Tc -0.0004 Tw 0.5 0 Td [(/3 hidden neurons can produce results of alm)8(ost sim)8(ilar accuracy but )]TJ 0.0009 Tc 0.0034 Tw -10.3 -1.15 Td [(requires m)9(u)-4(ch less tim)9(e to train \(W)10(ang, 1994 apud )]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.0047 Tw 20.54 0 Td (Yeh and Li, 2003\). In a)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.0045 Tw 9.385 0 Td (ll the four networks )Tj 0.0001 Tc 0.0399 Tw -29.925 -1.15 Td [(of this study, Kol)-7(m)8(ogorov\264s prem)8(is)-6(es have been)]TJ 0.0005 Tc 0.0382 Tw 19.6 0 Td ( observed, and the pred)Tj 0 Tc 0.0375 Tw 9.46 0 Td (iction error decreased )Tj 0.001 Tc 0.339 Tw -29.06 -1.15 Td [(consider)4(ably)6( during)6( the)5( )]TJ -0.0004 Tc 0.3404 Tw 10.71 0 Td (training, as shown in )Tj /TT32 1 Tf 0.0005 Tc 0.337 Tw 9.935 0 Td [(Figure 4)6( \(b\))]TJ /TT30 1 Tf 0.001 Tc 0.339 Tw 5.73 0 Td [(. W)10(ith the ce)5(lls)5( tra)5(n)1(sitio)6(n)6( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.0346 Tw -26.375 -1.15 Td [(probabilities)5( being d)5(e)-1(fin)5(e)-1(d by th)5(e A)8(NN outputs,)5( )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0348 Tw 19.78 0 Td [(global trans)4(ition)5( probab)5(ilities were reckoned )]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.163 Tw -19.78 -1.15 Td (through a cross-tabulation operatio)Tj 0 Tc 0.165 Tw 14.46 0 Td (n between the initial)Tj 0.1637 Tw 8.625 0 Td ( and final land us)Tj -0.0005 Tc 0.1655 Tw 7.54 0 Td [(e m)7(a)-2(ps shown in )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.1896 Tw -30.625 -1.15 Td [(Figure 1. T)6(hese probabilities are 0.1501 for th)]TJ 0 Tc 0.189 Tw 19.745 0 Td (e transition \223nu_res\224, 0.0113 for \223nu_ind\224, )Tj 0.0002 Tc -0.0012 Tw -19.745 -1.15 Td (0.0028 for \223nu_inst\224, and 0.0005 for )Tj 0.0003 Tc -0.0003 Tw 14.855 0 Td (the transition \223nu_leis\224.)Tj 0 Tc 0 Tw 7.02 0 0 7.02 377.7 483.3203 Tm ( )Tj /TT32 1 Tf 12 0 0 12 85.08 457.4003 Tm (6.)Tj /TT33 1 Tf 0.75 0 Td ( )Tj /TT32 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 1.025 0 Td [(Results and Discussion)6( )]TJ /TT30 1 Tf 0.0001 Tc 0.0749 Tw -1.775 -1.64 Td (Maps of transition probabilities were generated )Tj 0.0002 Tc 0.0748 Tw 19.61 0 Td [(for the four types of land use change, wher)-7(e)-6( )]TJ 0.0008 Tc 0.1992 Tw -19.61 -1.225 Td [(the learning param)9(eter \()]TJ /TT34 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 12 0 4.1041 12 207.3 423.0203 Tm (")Tj /TT30 1 Tf -0.0003 Tc 0.2011 Tw 12 0 0 12 214.56 423.0203 Tm [(\) was set to 0.2, the m)8(a)-1(xi)-7(m)8(u)]TJ 0.0008 Tc 0.1992 Tw 12.475 0 Td [(m)9( distance to the error \()]TJ /TT31 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 10.585 0 Td (d)Tj 0.0017 Tc 7.98 0 0 7.98 497.22 421.5203 Tm (max)Tj /TT30 1 Tf 0.0024 Tc 0.1976 Tw 12 0 0 12 510.54 423.0203 Tm (\) was )Tj 0 Tc 0.0535 Tw -35.455 -1.15 Td (adjusted to 0.1, and the iteration cycles ra)Tj 0.0544 Tw 17.015 0 Td [(nged from)8( 800 to 1,000. Upon basis of the pruning )]TJ 0.0009 Tc -0.002 Tw -17.015 -1.15 Td [(algor)4(ithm)9(,)1( sets of)4( variab)6(les have b)6(ee)5(n)1( selec)5(t)-1(ed to)6( explain the land use tran)6(sition)6(s \()]TJ /TT32 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 32.825 0 Td (Table 2)Tj /TT30 1 Tf 0.001 Tc 0 Tw 3.195 0 Td (\). )Tj 0 Tc 7.98 0 0 7.98 85.08 385.4003 Tm ( )Tj 0.0012 Tc -0.0057 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 374.3003 Tm [(Tabl)4(e 2 )]TJ 0.0016 Tc -0.0061 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(Sel)4(ect)4(i)4(on of)5( )-6(va)8(ri)4(abl)4(e)2(s det)4(e)2(rm)13(ini)4(n)5(g )-6(l)4(a)2(n)5(d)-1( use)8( )-6(c)8(h)-1(an)5(ge )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw 9 0 0 9 85.08 352.3403 Tm ( )Tj 0.0008 Tc 0.0007 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 340.9403 Tm [(Inde)8(pende)8(n)-2(t V)4(a)2(riables )6(\(N)4(otation\) )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6(N)]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw 7.98 0 0 7.98 324.18 340.9403 Tm (U)Tj 0.003 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 329.94 340.9403 Tm (_R)Tj -0.0017 Tc -0.0002 Tw 7.98 0 0 7.98 341.64 340.9403 Tm [(ES )-7( )-7( )-7( )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 374.88 340.9403 Tm (N)Tj 7.98 0 0 7.98 382.2 340.9403 Tm (U)Tj 0.003 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 387.96 340.9403 Tm (_I)Tj -0.0015 Tc -0.0004 Tw 7.98 0 0 7.98 396.36 340.9403 Tm [(ND )-7( )-7( )-7( )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 431.82 340.9403 Tm (N)Tj 7.98 0 0 7.98 439.08 340.9403 Tm (U)Tj 0.003 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 444.84 340.9403 Tm (_I)Tj -0.0016 Tc -0.0003 Tw 7.98 0 0 7.98 453.24 340.9403 Tm [(NST )-7( )-7( )-7( )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 492.24 340.9403 Tm (N)Tj 7.98 0 0 7.98 499.4999 340.9403 Tm (U)Tj 0.003 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 505.2599 340.9403 Tm (_L)Tj -0.002 Tc 7.98 0 0 7.98 516.4199 340.9403 Tm (EIS)Tj 0 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 528.36 340.9403 Tm ( )Tj 9 0 0 9 85.08 330.5004 Tm ( )Tj -0.0021 Tc 7.02 0 0 7.02 85.08 321.5004 Tm [(Di)-6(st)-6(ances)-6( )9(to)-6( riv)-6(e)-3(r)6(s)-6( \(di)-6(s)2(t)-6(_)2(riv)-6(\))6( )-3496( )-4795( )-4795( )-4795( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )]TJ 53.4359 0 Td [( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )]TJ /TT34 1 Tf 0 Tc 6.4786 0 Td (#)Tj /TT30 1 Tf 0.7692 0 Td ( )Tj 0.0005 Tc -0.0112 Tw -60.6838 -1.2222 Td [(Dis)5(t)-4(ances to )-9(com)9(m)18(er)-8(cia)8(l)-4( )]TJ -0.0026 Tc 0.0005 Tw 10.1111 0 Td [(zon)-7(e)5(s)-7( \(dis)-7(t_)-7(c)5(o)-7(m)15(\))-11( )-2974( )-4795( )-4795( )-4795( )-4795( )-8( )]TJ /TT34 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 33.2137 0 Td (#)Tj /TT30 1 Tf 0.7692 0 Td ( )Tj -0.0024 Tc 0.0003 Tw -44.094 -1.2222 Td [(Di)-7(st)-7(ances)-6( )9(to)-7( s)-6(m)15(al)-7(l)-7(-)-3(sized)-7( )9(i)-7(ndu)-7(st)-7(rial)-7( z)6(o)2(n)-7(e)-3(s)-6( \()6(d)-7(is)-6(t_i)-7(nd)-7(\))6( )-4607( )-4795( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )]TJ /TT34 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 43.4615 0 Td (#)Tj /TT30 1 Tf 0.7692 0 Td ( )Tj -0.0025 Tc 0.0004 Tw -44.2308 -1.2222 Td [(Di)-7(st)-7(ances)-6( )9(to)-7( in)-7(st)-7(itu)-7(tion)-7(al)-7( )9(zon)-7(e)6(s)-6( \(dis)-6(t_)-7(ins)-6(t)-7(\))6( )-3196( )-4795( )-4795( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0 Tw 50.1966 0 Td ( )Tj /TT34 1 Tf 0 Tc 1.2393 0 Td (#)Tj /TT30 1 Tf 0.7692 0 Td ( )Tj -0.0029 Tc 0.0008 Tw -52.2051 -1.2222 Td [(Di)-7(st)-7(ances)-7( )9(to)-7( resid)-7(e)-3(ntial)-7( zo)-7(n)-7(e)5(s)-7( \(d)-7(is)-7(t_)-7(res)-7(\))5( )-4085( )-4795( )-4795( )-8( )-8( )]TJ /TT34 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 35.2308 0 Td (#)Tj /TT30 1 Tf -0.0021 Tc 0.7692 0 Td [( )-8( )-8( )-8( )]TJ /TT34 1 Tf 0 Tc 7.4615 0 Td (#)Tj /TT30 1 Tf -0.0021 Tc 0.7692 0 Td [( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )]TJ /TT34 1 Tf 0 Tc 15.6838 0 Td (#)Tj /TT30 1 Tf 0.7692 0 Td ( )Tj -0.0022 Tc 0.0001 Tw -60.6838 -1.2222 Td [(Di)-6(st)-6(ances)-6( )9(to)-6( l)-6(e)6(i)-6(s)2(u)-6(r)-2(e)6(/)-6(r)6(ecrea)6(t)-6(ion)-6( zon)-6(e)6(s)-6( \(dis)-6(t_l)-6(eis)-6(\))6( )-1094( )-4795( )-4795( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0 Tw 48.9487 0 Td [( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )]TJ /TT34 1 Tf 0 Tc 10.9658 0 Td (#)Tj /TT30 1 Tf -0.0021 Tc 0.7692 0 Td ( )Tj -0.0022 Tc 0.0001 Tw -60.6838 -1.2137 Td [(Di)-6(st)-6(ances)-6( )9(to)-6( m)15(a)-3(i)-6(n)-6( i)-6(nteru)-6(r)6(b)-6(a)6(n)-6( roads)-6( \(int)-6(_rds)-6(\))6( )-2342( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )-8( )]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0 Tw 40.6068 0 Td [( )-8( )-8( )]TJ /TT34 1 Tf 0 Tc 2.9915 0 Td (#)Tj /TT30 1 Tf -0.0021 Tc 0.7692 0 Td [( )-8( )-8( )]TJ /TT34 1 Tf 0 Tc 6.9573 0 Td (#)Tj /TT30 1 Tf 3.1346 Tc 0.7607 0 Td [( )-1658( )3137( )]TJ 0.0028 Tc -0.0049 Tw -52.0855 -1.2222 Td [(D)7(i)-1(s)7(t)-1(an)7(ces )9(t)7(o)-1( m)20(a)2(in pa)11(ve)11(d an)7(d n)7(o)7(n)-1(-)11(p)-1(av)7(ed )9(ur)11(ba)11(n an)7(d i)7(n)7(t)-1(er)11(urb)7(a)2(n r)11(o)7(ads \(m)20(ain)7(_)-1(r)11(d)-1(s\))11( )]TJ /TT34 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 35.2991 0 Td (#)Tj /TT30 1 Tf 4.7927 Tc 0.7521 0 Td [( )752( )4795( )]TJ /TT31 1 Tf 0 Tc 7.98 0 0 7.98 85.08 252.4403 Tm ( )Tj /TT30 1 Tf 7.02 0 0 7.02 85.08 244.1603 Tm ( )Tj -0.0001 Tc 0.0401 Tw 12 0 0 12 85.08 231.3803 Tm [(The transition probabilities m)8(a)-1(ps)]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.0389 Tw 13.305 0 Td [( served as)5( inpu)6(ts to)6( the)4( CA sim)8(u)1(lation model \226 DI)4(NAMICA )]TJ 0.0002 Tc -0.0012 Tw -13.305 -1.15 Td (\226 which produced the land use )Tj 0.0004 Tc -0.0004 Tw 12.44 0 Td [(change sim)8(ulations, seen in )]TJ /TT32 1 Tf -0.0001 Tc 0.0001 Tw 11.25 0 Td [(F)6(i)-2(gures 5 \(a\))]TJ /TT31 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 5.385 0 Td (,)Tj /TT30 1 Tf 0.245 0 Td ( )Tj /TT32 1 Tf 0.001 Tc -0.001 Tw 0.25 0 Td [(\(b\), \(c)5(\))]TJ /TT30 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 2.835 0 Td ( and )Tj /TT32 1 Tf 0.0004 Tc 0 Tw 1.94 0 Td (\(d\))Tj /TT30 1 Tf 0 Tc 1.225 0 Td (. )Tj 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 205.6404 Tm ( )Tj 12 0 0 12 85.08 192.3203 Tm ( )Tj 0 -1.15 TD ( )Tj T* ( )Tj T* ( )Tj T* ( )Tj T* ( )Tj /TT31 1 Tf 7.02 0 0 7.02 85.08 114.2003 Tm ( )Tj 0.0015 Tc 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 106.1603 Tm [( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )6( )]TJ 0 Tc 7.02 0 0 7.02 182.64 106.1603 Tm ( )Tj /TT30 1 Tf 10.98 0 0 10.98 85.08 82.8803 Tm ( )Tj ET /CS24 CS 0.004 0.004 0.004 SC 0.75 w 10 M 1 j 1 J []0 d 86.4 353.54 m 540 353.54 l 86.4 335.42 m 540 335.42 l 86.4 253.46 m 540 253.46 l S 0 g /GS13 gs BT /T1_6 9 Tf 1 0 0 1 287.492 28.8 Tm (3703)Tj ET /CS24 cs 1 1 1 sc /GS12 gs 328.02 193.82 90 -9 re f 445.02 193.82 90 -9 re f 1 1 1 SC 1.5 w 8 M 0 j 445.02 184.82 90 9 re S 211.02 193.82 90 -9 re f 94.02 193.82 90 -9 re f endstream endobj 403 0 obj 12038 endobj 404 0 obj << /Length 405 0 R >> stream /CS2 cs 0 0 0 sc 1 i /RelativeColorimetric ri /GS2 gs BT /TT4 1 Tf 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 733.5803 Tm ( )Tj 0 -1.1497 TD ( )Tj 0 g ET /GS3 gs BT /T1_1 9 Tf 1 0 0 1 287.492 28.8 Tm (3705)Tj /CS2 cs 0 0 0 sc ET /GS2 gs BT /TT4 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0294 Tw 12 0 0 12 106.38 731.7203 Tm [(The land us)5(e change simulations w)8(e)-1(re accom)8(p)1(lished by tw)8(o types of stochastic tran)6(sition )]TJ -0.0002 Tc 0.2502 Tw -1.775 -1.15 Td [(algorithm)8(s)-1( \226 \223expander\224 and \223patcher\224 \226 wh)]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.2479 Tw 19.315 0 Td (ich operate changes through expansion and )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1232 Tw -19.315 -1.15 Td [(diffusion, respectively. These sim)8(u)1(lations were )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.1244 Tw 19.76 0 Td (validated according to)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1195 Tw 9.145 0 Td [( a )-10(m)8(u)1(ltiple resolution)6( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.1646 Tw -28.905 -1.15 Td [(fitting m)8(e)-1(thod \(Constan)5(za, 1989\), and the va)]TJ 0.1638 Tw 18.875 0 Td [(lu)5(es obtained for windows 3x3, 5x5 and 9x9)5( )]TJ 0.0296 Tw -18.875 -1.15 Td (were 0.862682, 0.864872, and 0.864644, respectively for S1, S2, and S3. \ It is observable that )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1095 Tw 0 -1.15 TD [(the land use transitions com)8(p)1(ly with econom)]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.1105 Tw 18.55 0 Td (ic theories of urban growth and change)Tj /TT5 1 Tf 0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 503.04 662.7203 Tm (, )Tj /TT4 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 12 0 0 12 509.4 662.7203 Tm (which )Tj 0.0007 Tc 0.0003 Tw -35.36 -1.15 Td [(m)9(axi)-6(m)9(i)-1(ze consum)9(ers\264 and m)9(arkets\264 utilities in)]TJ 0.001 Tc -0.0017 Tw 18.53 0 Td [( te)5(rm)9(s of real s)5(t)-1(ate p)6(r)-1(ic)5(es a)5(nd access)5(i)-1(bility. )]TJ /TT5 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw -18.53 -2.16 Td (7.)Tj /TT6 1 Tf 0.75 0 Td ( )Tj /TT5 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 0.75 0 Td (Conclusions )Tj /TT4 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0024 Tw -1.5 -1.64 Td (Cities are open and non-linear co)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.0045 Tw 13.27 0 Td [(m)8(p)1(lex system)8(s. ANN though proved )]TJ 0.0009 Tc 0.0007 Tw 14.91 0 Td (to have the cap)Tj 0.0007 Tc -0.0007 Tw 6.03 0 Td (ability to )Tj 0.0002 Tc 0.1298 Tw -34.21 -1.15 Td (model non-linear features and handle well the )Tj 0.0001 Tc 19.49 0 Td [(uncertainties of spatial data. ANN h)-5(a)-1(ve two )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.0185 Tw -19.49 -1.15 Td [(m)8(a)-1(in disadvantages: they are black-box devises and )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0198 Tw 21.115 0 Td [(the user\264s intervention is still decisive for)-7( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.0896 Tw -21.115 -1.15 Td (the results quality. Further studies are needed )Tj 0.0897 Tw 19.025 0 Td (to assess the responsiveness of the simulation )Tj 0.0005 Tc -0.0011 Tw -19.025 -1.15 Td [(outputs in)6( face of changes in the type,)6( structur)]TJ 0.0007 Tc -0.0023 Tw 18.47 0 Td [(e an)6(d internal param)9(ete)]TJ 0.0004 Tc -0.0004 Tw 9.35 0 Td [(rs of the network.)5( )]TJ /TT5 1 Tf 0.0007 Tc 0 Tw -27.82 -2.16 Td [(References)5( )]TJ /TT4 1 Tf -0.0011 Tc 0.0146 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 504.3803 Tm [(Batty, M; Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, H.; Eichen)-4(, M. Urban)-4( )6(syste)-6(m)10(s as cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata,)]TJ /TT7 1 Tf -0.0022 Tc 0.0157 Tw 29 0 Td [( E)-8(n)-5(vironm)-5(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plan)-5(n)-5(i)6(ng)-5( B)]TJ /TT4 1 Tf 0.0025 Tc 0.011 Tw 12.7605 0 Td [(,)7( v.)7(2)6(4, )6(p.)13( )]TJ -0.0026 Tc -0.0019 Tw -41.7605 -1.1497 Td [(1)-6(59-)-5(164)-6(, 19)-6(97)-6(. )]TJ -0.0018 Tc 0.0811 Tw 0 -1.6467 TD [(Co)-5(n)-5(s)-2(tan)-5(za, R. )6(Mo)-5(d)-5(e)-1(l goo)-5(dn)-5(ess o)-5(f)-4( fit: a )-6(m)10(u)-5(ltip)-5(le reso)-5(lu)-5(tion p)-5(r)2(o)-5(cedu)-5(r)-4(e, )]TJ /TT7 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0817 Tw 28.9461 0 Td [(Eco)-5(log)-5(ica)-5(l Mod)-5(e)4(llin)-5(g)]TJ /TT4 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.0749 Tw 8.7545 0 Td [(, )-6(v)-4(.)3(47)-4(, p)-4(.)-3( 1)-4(99-)-4(215)-4(,)-9( )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0 Tw -37.7006 -1.1437 Td [(1)-4(989)-4(. )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0.062 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, )6(H. )6(Cellu)-4(lar wo)-4(rl)8(ds: a fram)11(ewo)-4(rk for m)11(o)-4(d)-4(ellin)-4(g micro)-4(-)-3(m)11(acro)-4( )6(d)-4(y)2(n)-4(am)11(i)2(cs, )]TJ /TT7 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0.0641 Tw 33.5569 0 Td [(En)-6(viro)-6(nm)-5(en)-6(ta)-6(l and)-6( Plann)-6(ing)-6( )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw -33.5569 -1.1497 Td (A)Tj /TT4 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw 0.6108 0 Td [(, v)-4(.)3(1)-4(7)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 58)-4(5-)-4(596)-4(, 19)-4(85)-4(. )]TJ -0.0005 Tc 0.0559 Tw -0.6108 -1.6467 Td [(Dead)-3(m)11(an)-3(,)-2( P.; )6(Brown, R. )6(D.; )6(Gim)11(b)-3(let)-4(t)2(, P. M)8(o)-3(d)-3(elling)-3( )6(rura)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0575 Tw 23.0838 0 Td [(l resid)-5(e)-1(n)-5(tial settle)-7(m)9(e)-1(n)-5(t p)-5(a)-1(tterns with)-5( cellu)-5(lar au)-5(to)-5(m)9(a)-1(ta,)-10( )]TJ /TT7 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc -0.0006 Tw -23.0838 -1.1497 Td [(Jou)5(r)2(n)5(a)-1(l)5( )6(of)5( Env)9(i)5(ron)5(me)9(n)-1(t)5(a)-1(l)5( M)9(a)5(na)5(ge)9(ment)]TJ /TT4 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 15.7784 0 Td [(, )-6( v)-5(.)-3( 37)-5(, p)-5(.)3( )-6(147)-5(-16)-5(0)1(, 1)-5(993)-5(. )]TJ 0.0017 Tc 0.0357 Tw -15.7784 -1.5449 Td [(Fi)4(sher)5(, M)5(. M)5(.;)10( Ab)5(ra)8(hart)4(, R)4(. J)8(. Ne)8(ur)5(oc)8(om)13(put)4(i)4(ng \226)5( t)4(o)5(ol)4(s f)5(o)-1(r )6(geo)5(g)5(r)-1(ap)5(her)5(s)2(. I)5(n)-1(:)4( O)5(p)-1(en)5(sha)8(w)-1(, )6(S.;)4( A)5(b)-1(ra)8(hart)4(, R)10(. J. \(e)8(ds)8(\))5(,)6( )]TJ /TT7 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(G)-5(e)-2(o)-6(c)4(om)-5(pu)-6(ta)-6(ti)6(o)-6(n)]TJ /TT4 1 Tf -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw 6.6527 0 Td [(, )6(N)-5(e)-2(w Yo)-5(rk)-5(:)6( Taylo)-5(r)-5( )6(& Fr)-5(ancis, ch)-5(ap)-5(.8)-5(, p. )6(1)-5(87-)-5(217)-5(, )6(20)-5(00)-5(. )]TJ -0.0013 Tc 0.0028 Tw -6.6527 -1.5449 Td [(Gong)-4(, P. In)-4(tegrated)-4( an)-4(alysis o)-4(f)-4( sp)-4(atial d)-4(a)-1(ta )-6(fro)-4(m)10( )-6(m)10(u)-10(ltip)]TJ -0.0016 Tc 0.0031 Tw 22.2096 0 Td [(le )-6(so)-5(urces: u)-5(s)-2(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( )6(ev)-5(id)-5(en)-5(tial reaso)-5(n)-5(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( an)-5(d)-5( artificial n)-5(e)-1(u)-5(r)-4(al)7( )]TJ 0.0019 Tc 0.0774 Tw -22.2096 -1.1497 Td [(net)4(w)6(or)6(k t)4(ech)5(ni)10(que)9(s f)6(o)-1(r )6(ge)9(ol)4(o)5(g)-1(i)4(cal)4( m)13(a)3(ppi)4(ng,)6( )]TJ /TT7 1 Tf 0.0012 Tc 0.0722 Tw 18.2455 0 Td [(Ph)4(ot)4(o)4(g)-2(ra)4(m)5(m)-1(e)8(t)4(ri)4(c )-6(Engi)10(neeri)4(ng a)4(nd Rem)5(o)-2(t)10(e)2( )-6(Sen)4(s)1(i)4(n)4(g)]TJ /TT4 1 Tf 0.002 Tc 0.0714 Tw 20.8862 0 Td [(, v. 6)5(2)-1(, p. 51)5(3)5(-)]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.003 Tw -39.1317 -1.1437 Td [(5)-4(2)2(3)-4(,)3( 199)-4(6. )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0.0087 Tw 0 -1.5509 TD [(Li, X.; )6(Yeh)-4(,)-3( )6(A. G. Calibration o)-4(f)3( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata b)-4(y)2( u)-4(s)]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0.0054 Tw 22.6527 0 Td [(i)5(n)-1(g)5( ne)9(ural)5( )6(net)5(w)6(or)6(ks )6(fo)5(r t)5(h)-1(e)9( si)5(m)14(u)-7(l)5(a)3(t)5(i)5(on o)5(f c)9(o)-1(m)14(p)-1(lex )6(ur)6(ban)11( )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0492 Tw -22.6527 -2.6946 Td [(Li, X.; )6(Ye)7(h, )6(A. G. Ne)7(ural-net)9(work-base)7(d)-3( cellular aut)9(o)-3(m)12(a)]TJ 0.0018 Tc 0.0476 Tw 23.1737 0 Td [(t)4(a)3( )-6(fo)5(r si)4(m)13(u)-1(l)4(a)3(t)4(i)4(ng m)13(u)-1(lt)4(i)4(p)-1(l)4(e)3( l)4(a)3(nd )6(use c)9(h)-1(an)5(ges )6(us)8(i)4(ng )6(GI)6(S)7(,)6( )]TJ /TT7 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0039 Tw -23.1737 -1.1437 Td [(In)-5(tern)-5(a)-5(tiona)-5(l Jo)-5(u)-5(r)4(na)-5(l )6(o)-5(f Geogra)-5(p)1(h)-5(ica)-5(l In)-5(fo)-5(rma)-5(tion)-5( )6(S)-5(c)-2(ience)]TJ /TT4 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc -0.003 Tw 23.7485 0 Td [(, )-6(v. 1)-4(6)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 32)-4(3-3)-4(4)2(3)-4(,)3( )-6(200)-4(2. )]TJ -0.0009 Tc 0.0144 Tw -23.7485 -1.5509 Td [(Pap)-4(i)2(n)-4(i)2(, L.; Rabin)-4(o)-4(,)-2( )6(G. A.; Co)-4(lo)-4(nn)-4(a, )6(A.; Di Stefano)-4(,)-2( )6(V.; Lo)]TJ -0.0008 Tc 23.479 0 Td [(m)11(b)-4(ardo)-4(, S. Learn)-4(i)2(ng)-4( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(to)-4(m)11(ata in)-4( a re)-6(al wo)-4(rl)8(d)-4(:)2( )]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.0988 Tw -23.479 -1.1437 Td [(th)-4(e case stud)-4(y)8( o)-4(f)-4( t)7(h)-4(e Ro)-4(m)10(e)-1( metro)-4(p)2(o)-4(litan)-4( area. In)-4(: Band)-4(i)7(n)-4(i,)]TJ -0.0007 Tc 0.098 Tw 24.1856 0 Td [( S.; Serra, )6(R; Liv)-4(eran)-4(i)2(, )6(F. S. ed. Cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)8(o)-4(m)11(ata)-6(:)-4( )]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.1152 Tw -24.1856 -1.1497 Td [(researc)7(h)-3( t)9(o)-3(wa)7(rds industry. )]TJ /TT7 1 Tf -0.004 Tc 0 Tw 11.0958 0 Td [(ACR)-4(I)-6(\2649)-7(6)]TJ /TT4 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.1168 Tw 3.5509 0 Td [(: )6(Pro)-4(c)-1(eed)-4(i)1(ng)-4(s )6(o)-4(f)2( th)-4(e )6(Th)-4(ird)-4( C)7(o)-4(nferen)-4(ce )6(o)-4(n)2( Cellu)-4(lar Au)-4(to)-4(m)10(a)-1(ta for Research )]TJ -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw -14.6467 -1.1497 Td [(an)-5(d Ind)-5(u)-5(s)-3(t)6(r)-5(y, Lo)-5(ndo)-5(n)-5(: )6(Spr)-5(ing)-5(er)-5(-V)-5(er)-5(lag)-5(,)-4( )6(p)-5(.)2( 165)-5(-18)-5(3)1(, )6(1)-5(998)-5(. )]TJ -0.0009 Tc 0.0263 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Po)-4(rt)8(ug)-4(ali, J.; Ben)-4(enson)-4(, )6(I.; Omer, I. City: th)]TJ 0.0012 Tc 0.0242 Tw 17.6766 0 Td [(e gree)8(ns a)8(nd t)10(h)4(e bl)4(ues. )6(I)5(n)-2(:)4( Po)4(r)5(t)4(ugal)4(i)4(, J. e)8(d)-2(. )]TJ /TT7 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc 0.0233 Tw 17.3892 0 Td [(Se)9(l)5(f)5(-org)5(a)5(n)-1(i)5(z)2(at)5(i)5(o)5(n)5( an)5(d t)5(h)-1(e )]TJ -0.002 Tc 0 Tw -35.0659 -1.1497 Td (city)Tj /TT4 1 Tf 0.0001 Tc 0.0014 Tw 1.4371 0 Td [(, Berlin: S)5(p)3(ringer)4(-Ve)7(r)-2(lag,)5( )6(chap.5, )6(1999. )]TJ -0.0004 Tc 0.0258 Tw -1.4371 -1.6467 Td [(Ru)-3(m)11(elh)-3(art, D. )6(E.; Hin)-3(t)8(o)-3(n)3(, G. )6(E.; )6(W)-9(illia)-6(m)11(s, )-6(R. J. L)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0275 Tw 20.2575 0 Td [(earn)-5(ing)-5( )6(represen)-5(tatio)-5(n)-5(s)4( b)-5(y)1( b)-5(a)-1(ck)-5(-p)-5(rop)-5(a)5(g)-5(a)-1(tio)-5(n)-5( errors, )]TJ /TT7 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 20.9641 0 Td [(Na)-4(tu)-4(re)]TJ /TT4 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc 0.0172 Tw 2.7784 0 Td [(, v.)7( )]TJ -0.002 Tc -0.0025 Tw -44 -1.1437 Td [(3)-5(2)1(3)-5(,)3( )-6(p. 5)-5(33-)-4(536)-5(, 19)-5(86)-5( )]TJ 0.0016 Tc 0.3472 Tw T* [(Whi)4(t)4(e)2(, R)4(. )6(W.)6(;)4( Engel)4(e)2(n)5(, G.)6( C)4(e)2(l)4(l)4(u)-1(l)4(a)2(r aut)4(o)-1(m)13(a)2(t)4(on as t)4(h)-1(e basi)4(s of i)4(n)-1(t)10(e)2(grat)4(e)8(d)-1( dy)5(na)8(m)7(i)4(c regi)4(onal)4( m)13(odel)4(l)4(i)4(ng,)6( )]TJ /TT7 1 Tf -0.0021 Tc 0.0036 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(En)-5(vironm)-4(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plann)-5(ing)-5( )6(B)]TJ /TT4 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw 12.4491 0 Td [(, v)-4(.)3(2)-4(4)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 23)-4(5-)-4(246)-4(, 19)-4(97)-4(. )]TJ -0.0011 Tc 0.0026 Tw -12.4491 -1.5449 Td [(Wo)-4(l)7(fram)10(,)-3( S. )6(Un)-4(iv)-4(ersality an)-4(d co)-4(m)10(p)-4(lex)-4(ity in)-4( )6(cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(mata, )]TJ /TT7 1 Tf -0.0004 Tc 0 Tw 25.1916 0 Td [(Physic)6(a)]TJ /TT4 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc -0.0018 Tw 3.1617 0 Td [(, )-6(v. )-6(10)-6(D, p)-6(.)-4( 1)-6(-)1(35)-6(, 1)-6(984)-6(. )]TJ -0.0013 Tc 0.0747 Tw -28.3533 -1.6467 Td [(Wu, )6(F. )6(A li)7(n)-4(g)2(u)-4(i)1(stic cellu)-4(lar )6(au)-4(to)-4(m)10(a)-1(ta si)-5(m)10(u)-4(latio)-4(n)-4( ap)-4(proach)]TJ 0.0018 Tc 0.0716 Tw 23.6946 0 Td [( )6(fo)5(r s)8(u)-1(st)4(ai)4(na)9(b)5(l)4(e ur)6(ba)9(n )6(de)9(vel)4(opm)13(ent)4( i)4(n)-1( a)9( fa)9(st)4( g)5(ro)5(w)-1(i)4(n)5(g)5( )]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0 Tw -23.6946 -1.1497 Td [(regi)11(on)5(, )]TJ /TT7 1 Tf 0.0012 Tc 0.0003 Tw 3.0539 0 Td [(C)4(o)4(m)5(p)-2(u)4(t)4(ers, E)7(n)-2(vi)4(ro)4(nm)5(ent)4( a)4(n)4(d)-2( )6(Ur)7(ba)4(n )6(Syst)4(ems)]TJ /TT4 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0068 Tw 18.0479 0 Td [(, v. 2)5(0)-1(,)7( )-6(p.)7( )-6(3)5(6)5(7)-1(-)6(3)5(87)5(, 19)5(96)5(. )]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0.2629 Tw -21.1018 -1.6467 Td [(Wu)5(, F.;)5( )6(We)9(bs)8(t)5(e)3(r, C)4(.)1( J.)7( Si)5(m)8(u)-1(l)5(a)3(t)5(i)5(on )6(of)6( l)5(a)3(n)5(d)-1( de)9(vel)11(opm)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.2671 Tw 22.8743 0 Td [(en)-5(t th)-5(roug)-5(h)-5( t)6(h)-5(e in)-5(teg)-5(r)-4(ation)-5( )6(of cellu)-5(lar au)-5(tomata an)-5(d)-5( )]TJ -0.0011 Tc 0.0026 Tw -22.8743 -1.1497 Td [(m)10(u)-4(l)-5(ticriteria ev)-4(alu)-4(atio)-4(n)-4(,)]TJ /TT7 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0063 Tw 9.5928 0 Td [( )-6(E)8(n)-1(vi)4(r)8(o)-1(n)5(m)-1(e)9(n)-1(t)4(a)-1(l)4( an)5(d Pl)4(an)5(ni)4(n)5(g)-1( )-6(B)]TJ /TT4 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0068 Tw 12.6946 0 Td [(, v.)7(25)5(, p. 1)5(0)-1(3)5(-)6(12)5(6,)7( )-6(1)5(9)-1(9)5(8)-1(. )]TJ -0.001 Tc 0.0264 Tw -22.2874 -1.5449 Td [(Yeh, A. )6(G.; Li, X. )6(Sim)10(u)-4(lat)-5(i)1(o)-4(n)2( o)-4(f)3( d)-4(e)6(v)-4(elop)-4(m)10(e)-6(n)-4(t altern)-4(ativ)]TJ -0.0009 Tc 22.5749 0 Td [(es )6(u)-4(s)-1(ing)-4( )6(n)-4(eural network)-4(s)5(, cellu)-4(l)8(ar au)-4(t)8(o)-4(m)11(ata, a)-6(n)-4(d GIS )6(for )]TJ 0.0024 Tc -0.0069 Tw -22.5749 -1.1497 Td [(ur)6(ba)9(n pl)5(an)5(ni)5(n)5(g)5(,)1( )]TJ /TT7 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0003 Tw 6.515 0 Td [(P)8(hot)10(ogr)8(a)5(m)-1(m)5(e)3(t)4(r)2(i)4(c)3( Engi)10(neeri)10(n)-1(g)5( a)5(n)5(d)-1( Re)9(m)5(o)-1(t)4(e)3( Se)9(nsi)4(n)5(g)]TJ /TT4 1 Tf -0.0022 Tc 0.0037 Tw 20.5689 0 Td [(, v. )6(6)-5(9)1(, p)-5(.)2( 104)-5(3-1)-5(052)-5(, )6(2)-5(003)-5(. )]TJ ET endstream endobj 405 0 obj 12446 endobj 406 0 obj << /Length 407 0 R >> stream /CS4 cs 0 0 0 sc 1 i /RelativeColorimetric ri /GS4 gs BT /TT8 1 Tf 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 733.5803 Tm ( )Tj 0 -1.1497 TD ( )Tj 0 g ET /GS5 gs BT /T1_2 9 Tf 1 0 0 1 287.492 28.8 Tm (3705)Tj /CS4 cs 0 0 0 sc ET /GS4 gs BT /TT8 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0294 Tw 12 0 0 12 106.38 731.7203 Tm [(The land us)5(e change simulations w)8(e)-1(re accom)8(p)1(lished by tw)8(o types of stochastic tran)6(sition )]TJ -0.0002 Tc 0.2502 Tw -1.775 -1.15 Td [(algorithm)8(s)-1( \226 \223expander\224 and \223patcher\224 \226 wh)]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.2479 Tw 19.315 0 Td (ich operate changes through expansion and )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1232 Tw -19.315 -1.15 Td [(diffusion, respectively. These sim)8(u)1(lations were )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.1244 Tw 19.76 0 Td (validated according to)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1195 Tw 9.145 0 Td [( a )-10(m)8(u)1(ltiple resolution)6( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.1646 Tw -28.905 -1.15 Td [(fitting m)8(e)-1(thod \(Constan)5(za, 1989\), and the va)]TJ 0.1638 Tw 18.875 0 Td [(lu)5(es obtained for windows 3x3, 5x5 and 9x9)5( )]TJ 0.0296 Tw -18.875 -1.15 Td (were 0.862682, 0.864872, and 0.864644, respectively for S1, S2, and S3. \ It is observable that )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1095 Tw 0 -1.15 TD [(the land use transitions com)8(p)1(ly with econom)]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.1105 Tw 18.55 0 Td (ic theories of urban growth and change)Tj /TT9 1 Tf 0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 503.04 662.7203 Tm (, )Tj /TT8 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 12 0 0 12 509.4 662.7203 Tm (which )Tj 0.0007 Tc 0.0003 Tw -35.36 -1.15 Td [(m)9(axi)-6(m)9(i)-1(ze consum)9(ers\264 and m)9(arkets\264 utilities in)]TJ 0.001 Tc -0.0017 Tw 18.53 0 Td [( te)5(rm)9(s of real s)5(t)-1(ate p)6(r)-1(ic)5(es a)5(nd access)5(i)-1(bility. )]TJ /TT9 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw -18.53 -2.16 Td (7.)Tj /TT10 1 Tf 0.75 0 Td ( )Tj /TT9 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 0.75 0 Td (Conclusions )Tj /TT8 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0024 Tw -1.5 -1.64 Td (Cities are open and non-linear co)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.0045 Tw 13.27 0 Td [(m)8(p)1(lex system)8(s. ANN though proved )]TJ 0.0009 Tc 0.0007 Tw 14.91 0 Td (to have the cap)Tj 0.0007 Tc -0.0007 Tw 6.03 0 Td (ability to )Tj 0.0002 Tc 0.1298 Tw -34.21 -1.15 Td (model non-linear features and handle well the )Tj 0.0001 Tc 19.49 0 Td [(uncertainties of spatial data. ANN h)-5(a)-1(ve two )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.0185 Tw -19.49 -1.15 Td [(m)8(a)-1(in disadvantages: they are black-box devises and )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0198 Tw 21.115 0 Td [(the user\264s intervention is still decisive for)-7( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.0896 Tw -21.115 -1.15 Td (the results quality. Further studies are needed )Tj 0.0897 Tw 19.025 0 Td (to assess the responsiveness of the simulation )Tj 0.0005 Tc -0.0011 Tw -19.025 -1.15 Td [(outputs in)6( face of changes in the type,)6( structur)]TJ 0.0007 Tc -0.0023 Tw 18.47 0 Td [(e an)6(d internal param)9(ete)]TJ 0.0004 Tc -0.0004 Tw 9.35 0 Td [(rs of the network.)5( )]TJ /TT9 1 Tf 0.0007 Tc 0 Tw -27.82 -2.16 Td [(References)5( )]TJ /TT8 1 Tf -0.0011 Tc 0.0146 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 504.3803 Tm [(Batty, M; Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, H.; Eichen)-4(, M. Urban)-4( )6(syste)-6(m)10(s as cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata,)]TJ /TT11 1 Tf -0.0022 Tc 0.0157 Tw 29 0 Td [( E)-8(n)-5(vironm)-5(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plan)-5(n)-5(i)6(ng)-5( B)]TJ /TT8 1 Tf 0.0025 Tc 0.011 Tw 12.7605 0 Td [(,)7( v.)7(2)6(4, )6(p.)13( )]TJ -0.0026 Tc -0.0019 Tw -41.7605 -1.1497 Td [(1)-6(59-)-5(164)-6(, 19)-6(97)-6(. )]TJ -0.0018 Tc 0.0811 Tw 0 -1.6467 TD [(Co)-5(n)-5(s)-2(tan)-5(za, R. )6(Mo)-5(d)-5(e)-1(l goo)-5(dn)-5(ess o)-5(f)-4( fit: a )-6(m)10(u)-5(ltip)-5(le reso)-5(lu)-5(tion p)-5(r)2(o)-5(cedu)-5(r)-4(e, )]TJ /TT11 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0817 Tw 28.9461 0 Td [(Eco)-5(log)-5(ica)-5(l Mod)-5(e)4(llin)-5(g)]TJ /TT8 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.0749 Tw 8.7545 0 Td [(, )-6(v)-4(.)3(47)-4(, p)-4(.)-3( 1)-4(99-)-4(215)-4(,)-9( )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0 Tw -37.7006 -1.1437 Td [(1)-4(989)-4(. )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0.062 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, )6(H. )6(Cellu)-4(lar wo)-4(rl)8(ds: a fram)11(ewo)-4(rk for m)11(o)-4(d)-4(ellin)-4(g micro)-4(-)-3(m)11(acro)-4( )6(d)-4(y)2(n)-4(am)11(i)2(cs, )]TJ /TT11 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0.0641 Tw 33.5569 0 Td [(En)-6(viro)-6(nm)-5(en)-6(ta)-6(l and)-6( Plann)-6(ing)-6( )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw -33.5569 -1.1497 Td (A)Tj /TT8 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw 0.6108 0 Td [(, v)-4(.)3(1)-4(7)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 58)-4(5-)-4(596)-4(, 19)-4(85)-4(. )]TJ -0.0005 Tc 0.0559 Tw -0.6108 -1.6467 Td [(Dead)-3(m)11(an)-3(,)-2( P.; )6(Brown, R. )6(D.; )6(Gim)11(b)-3(let)-4(t)2(, P. M)8(o)-3(d)-3(elling)-3( )6(rura)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0575 Tw 23.0838 0 Td [(l resid)-5(e)-1(n)-5(tial settle)-7(m)9(e)-1(n)-5(t p)-5(a)-1(tterns with)-5( cellu)-5(lar au)-5(to)-5(m)9(a)-1(ta,)-10( )]TJ /TT11 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc -0.0006 Tw -23.0838 -1.1497 Td [(Jou)5(r)2(n)5(a)-1(l)5( )6(of)5( Env)9(i)5(ron)5(me)9(n)-1(t)5(a)-1(l)5( M)9(a)5(na)5(ge)9(ment)]TJ /TT8 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 15.7784 0 Td [(, )-6( v)-5(.)-3( 37)-5(, p)-5(.)3( )-6(147)-5(-16)-5(0)1(, 1)-5(993)-5(. )]TJ 0.0017 Tc 0.0357 Tw -15.7784 -1.5449 Td [(Fi)4(sher)5(, M)5(. M)5(.;)10( Ab)5(ra)8(hart)4(, R)4(. J)8(. Ne)8(ur)5(oc)8(om)13(put)4(i)4(ng \226)5( t)4(o)5(ol)4(s f)5(o)-1(r )6(geo)5(g)5(r)-1(ap)5(her)5(s)2(. I)5(n)-1(:)4( O)5(p)-1(en)5(sha)8(w)-1(, )6(S.;)4( A)5(b)-1(ra)8(hart)4(, R)10(. J. \(e)8(ds)8(\))5(,)6( )]TJ /TT11 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(G)-5(e)-2(o)-6(c)4(om)-5(pu)-6(ta)-6(ti)6(o)-6(n)]TJ /TT8 1 Tf -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw 6.6527 0 Td [(, )6(N)-5(e)-2(w Yo)-5(rk)-5(:)6( Taylo)-5(r)-5( )6(& Fr)-5(ancis, ch)-5(ap)-5(.8)-5(, p. )6(1)-5(87-)-5(217)-5(, )6(20)-5(00)-5(. )]TJ -0.0013 Tc 0.0028 Tw -6.6527 -1.5449 Td [(Gong)-4(, P. In)-4(tegrated)-4( an)-4(alysis o)-4(f)-4( sp)-4(atial d)-4(a)-1(ta )-6(fro)-4(m)10( )-6(m)10(u)-10(ltip)]TJ -0.0016 Tc 0.0031 Tw 22.2096 0 Td [(le )-6(so)-5(urces: u)-5(s)-2(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( )6(ev)-5(id)-5(en)-5(tial reaso)-5(n)-5(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( an)-5(d)-5( artificial n)-5(e)-1(u)-5(r)-4(al)7( )]TJ 0.0019 Tc 0.0774 Tw -22.2096 -1.1497 Td [(net)4(w)6(or)6(k t)4(ech)5(ni)10(que)9(s f)6(o)-1(r )6(ge)9(ol)4(o)5(g)-1(i)4(cal)4( m)13(a)3(ppi)4(ng,)6( )]TJ /TT11 1 Tf 0.0012 Tc 0.0722 Tw 18.2455 0 Td [(Ph)4(ot)4(o)4(g)-2(ra)4(m)5(m)-1(e)8(t)4(ri)4(c )-6(Engi)10(neeri)4(ng a)4(nd Rem)5(o)-2(t)10(e)2( )-6(Sen)4(s)1(i)4(n)4(g)]TJ /TT8 1 Tf 0.002 Tc 0.0714 Tw 20.8862 0 Td [(, v. 6)5(2)-1(, p. 51)5(3)5(-)]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.003 Tw -39.1317 -1.1437 Td [(5)-4(2)2(3)-4(,)3( 199)-4(6. )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0492 Tw 0 -4.2455 TD [(Li, X.; )6(Ye)7(h, )6(A. G. Ne)7(ural-net)9(work-base)7(d)-3( cellular aut)9(o)-3(m)12(a)]TJ 0.0018 Tc 0.0476 Tw 23.1737 0 Td [(t)4(a)3( )-6(fo)5(r si)4(m)13(u)-1(l)4(a)3(t)4(i)4(ng m)13(u)-1(lt)4(i)4(p)-1(l)4(e)3( l)4(a)3(nd )6(use c)9(h)-1(an)5(ges )6(us)8(i)4(ng )6(GI)6(S)7(,)6( )]TJ /TT11 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0039 Tw -23.1737 -1.1437 Td [(In)-5(tern)-5(a)-5(tiona)-5(l Jo)-5(u)-5(r)4(na)-5(l )6(o)-5(f Geogra)-5(p)1(h)-5(ica)-5(l In)-5(fo)-5(rma)-5(tion)-5( )6(S)-5(c)-2(ience)]TJ /TT8 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc -0.003 Tw 23.7485 0 Td [(, )-6(v. 1)-4(6)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 32)-4(3-3)-4(4)2(3)-4(,)3( )-6(200)-4(2. )]TJ -0.0009 Tc 0.0144 Tw -23.7485 -1.5509 Td [(Pap)-4(i)2(n)-4(i)2(, L.; Rabin)-4(o)-4(,)-2( )6(G. A.; Co)-4(lo)-4(nn)-4(a, )6(A.; Di Stefano)-4(,)-2( )6(V.; Lo)]TJ -0.0008 Tc 23.479 0 Td [(m)11(b)-4(ardo)-4(, S. Learn)-4(i)2(ng)-4( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(to)-4(m)11(ata in)-4( a re)-6(al wo)-4(rl)8(d)-4(:)2( )]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.0988 Tw -23.479 -1.1437 Td [(th)-4(e case stud)-4(y)8( o)-4(f)-4( t)7(h)-4(e Ro)-4(m)10(e)-1( metro)-4(p)2(o)-4(litan)-4( area. In)-4(: Band)-4(i)7(n)-4(i,)]TJ -0.0007 Tc 0.098 Tw 24.1856 0 Td [( S.; Serra, )6(R; Liv)-4(eran)-4(i)2(, )6(F. S. ed. Cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)8(o)-4(m)11(ata)-6(:)-4( )]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.1152 Tw -24.1856 -1.1497 Td [(researc)7(h)-3( t)9(o)-3(wa)7(rds industry. )]TJ /TT11 1 Tf -0.004 Tc 0 Tw 11.0958 0 Td [(ACR)-4(I)-6(\2649)-7(6)]TJ /TT8 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.1168 Tw 3.5509 0 Td [(: )6(Pro)-4(c)-1(eed)-4(i)1(ng)-4(s )6(o)-4(f)2( th)-4(e )6(Th)-4(ird)-4( C)7(o)-4(nferen)-4(ce )6(o)-4(n)2( Cellu)-4(lar Au)-4(to)-4(m)10(a)-1(ta for Research )]TJ -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw -14.6467 -1.1497 Td [(an)-5(d Ind)-5(u)-5(s)-3(t)6(r)-5(y, Lo)-5(ndo)-5(n)-5(: )6(Spr)-5(ing)-5(er)-5(-V)-5(er)-5(lag)-5(,)-4( )6(p)-5(.)2( 165)-5(-18)-5(3)1(, )6(1)-5(998)-5(. )]TJ -0.0009 Tc 0.0263 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Po)-4(rt)8(ug)-4(ali, J.; Ben)-4(enson)-4(, )6(I.; Omer, I. City: th)]TJ 0.0012 Tc 0.0242 Tw 17.6766 0 Td [(e gree)8(ns a)8(nd t)10(h)4(e bl)4(ues. )6(I)5(n)-2(:)4( Po)4(r)5(t)4(ugal)4(i)4(, J. e)8(d)-2(. )]TJ /TT11 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc 0.0233 Tw 17.3892 0 Td [(Se)9(l)5(f)5(-org)5(a)5(n)-1(i)5(z)2(at)5(i)5(o)5(n)5( an)5(d t)5(h)-1(e )]TJ -0.002 Tc 0 Tw -35.0659 -1.1497 Td (city)Tj /TT8 1 Tf 0.0001 Tc 0.0014 Tw 1.4371 0 Td [(, Berlin: S)5(p)3(ringer)4(-Ve)7(r)-2(lag,)5( )6(chap.5, )6(1999. )]TJ -0.0004 Tc 0.0258 Tw -1.4371 -1.6467 Td [(Ru)-3(m)11(elh)-3(art, D. )6(E.; Hin)-3(t)8(o)-3(n)3(, G. )6(E.; )6(W)-9(illia)-6(m)11(s, )-6(R. J. L)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0275 Tw 20.2575 0 Td [(earn)-5(ing)-5( )6(represen)-5(tatio)-5(n)-5(s)4( b)-5(y)1( b)-5(a)-1(ck)-5(-p)-5(rop)-5(a)5(g)-5(a)-1(tio)-5(n)-5( errors, )]TJ /TT11 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 20.9641 0 Td [(Na)-4(tu)-4(re)]TJ /TT8 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc 0.0172 Tw 2.7784 0 Td [(, v.)7( )]TJ -0.002 Tc -0.0025 Tw -44 -1.1437 Td [(3)-5(2)1(3)-5(,)3( )-6(p. 5)-5(33-)-4(536)-5(, 19)-5(86)-5( )]TJ 0.0016 Tc 0.3472 Tw T* [(Whi)4(t)4(e)2(, R)4(. )6(W.)6(;)4( Engel)4(e)2(n)5(, G.)6( C)4(e)2(l)4(l)4(u)-1(l)4(a)2(r aut)4(o)-1(m)13(a)2(t)4(on as t)4(h)-1(e basi)4(s of i)4(n)-1(t)10(e)2(grat)4(e)8(d)-1( dy)5(na)8(m)7(i)4(c regi)4(onal)4( m)13(odel)4(l)4(i)4(ng,)6( )]TJ /TT11 1 Tf -0.0021 Tc 0.0036 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(En)-5(vironm)-4(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plann)-5(ing)-5( )6(B)]TJ /TT8 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw 12.4491 0 Td [(, v)-4(.)3(2)-4(4)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 23)-4(5-)-4(246)-4(, 19)-4(97)-4(. )]TJ -0.0011 Tc 0.0026 Tw -12.4491 -1.5449 Td [(Wo)-4(l)7(fram)10(,)-3( S. )6(Un)-4(iv)-4(ersality an)-4(d co)-4(m)10(p)-4(lex)-4(ity in)-4( )6(cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(mata, )]TJ /TT11 1 Tf -0.0004 Tc 0 Tw 25.1916 0 Td [(Physic)6(a)]TJ /TT8 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc -0.0018 Tw 3.1617 0 Td [(, )-6(v. )-6(10)-6(D, p)-6(.)-4( 1)-6(-)1(35)-6(, 1)-6(984)-6(. )]TJ -0.0013 Tc 0.0747 Tw -28.3533 -1.6467 Td [(Wu, )6(F. )6(A li)7(n)-4(g)2(u)-4(i)1(stic cellu)-4(lar )6(au)-4(to)-4(m)10(a)-1(ta si)-5(m)10(u)-4(latio)-4(n)-4( ap)-4(proach)]TJ 0.0018 Tc 0.0716 Tw 23.6946 0 Td [( )6(fo)5(r s)8(u)-1(st)4(ai)4(na)9(b)5(l)4(e ur)6(ba)9(n )6(de)9(vel)4(opm)13(ent)4( i)4(n)-1( a)9( fa)9(st)4( g)5(ro)5(w)-1(i)4(n)5(g)5( )]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0 Tw -23.6946 -1.1497 Td [(regi)11(on)5(, )]TJ /TT11 1 Tf 0.0012 Tc 0.0003 Tw 3.0539 0 Td [(C)4(o)4(m)5(p)-2(u)4(t)4(ers, E)7(n)-2(vi)4(ro)4(nm)5(ent)4( a)4(n)4(d)-2( )6(Ur)7(ba)4(n )6(Syst)4(ems)]TJ /TT8 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0068 Tw 18.0479 0 Td [(, v. 2)5(0)-1(,)7( )-6(p.)7( )-6(3)5(6)5(7)-1(-)6(3)5(87)5(, 19)5(96)5(. )]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0.2629 Tw -21.1018 -1.6467 Td [(Wu)5(, F.;)5( )6(We)9(bs)8(t)5(e)3(r, C)4(.)1( J.)7( Si)5(m)8(u)-1(l)5(a)3(t)5(i)5(on )6(of)6( l)5(a)3(n)5(d)-1( de)9(vel)11(opm)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.2671 Tw 22.8743 0 Td [(en)-5(t th)-5(roug)-5(h)-5( t)6(h)-5(e in)-5(teg)-5(r)-4(ation)-5( )6(of cellu)-5(lar au)-5(tomata an)-5(d)-5( )]TJ -0.0011 Tc 0.0026 Tw -22.8743 -1.1497 Td [(m)10(u)-4(l)-5(ticriteria ev)-4(alu)-4(atio)-4(n)-4(,)]TJ /TT11 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0063 Tw 9.5928 0 Td [( )-6(E)8(n)-1(vi)4(r)8(o)-1(n)5(m)-1(e)9(n)-1(t)4(a)-1(l)4( an)5(d Pl)4(an)5(ni)4(n)5(g)-1( )-6(B)]TJ /TT8 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0068 Tw 12.6946 0 Td [(, v.)7(25)5(, p. 1)5(0)-1(3)5(-)6(12)5(6,)7( )-6(1)5(9)-1(9)5(8)-1(. )]TJ -0.001 Tc 0.0264 Tw -22.2874 -1.5449 Td [(Yeh, A. )6(G.; Li, X. )6(Sim)10(u)-4(lat)-5(i)1(o)-4(n)2( o)-4(f)3( d)-4(e)6(v)-4(elop)-4(m)10(e)-6(n)-4(t altern)-4(ativ)]TJ -0.0009 Tc 22.5749 0 Td [(es )6(u)-4(s)-1(ing)-4( )6(n)-4(eural network)-4(s)5(, cellu)-4(l)8(ar au)-4(t)8(o)-4(m)11(ata, a)-6(n)-4(d GIS )6(for )]TJ 0.0024 Tc -0.0069 Tw -22.5749 -1.1497 Td [(ur)6(ba)9(n pl)5(an)5(ni)5(n)5(g)5(,)1( )]TJ /TT11 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0003 Tw 6.515 0 Td [(P)8(hot)10(ogr)8(a)5(m)-1(m)5(e)3(t)4(r)2(i)4(c)3( Engi)10(neeri)10(n)-1(g)5( a)5(n)5(d)-1( Re)9(m)5(o)-1(t)4(e)3( Se)9(nsi)4(n)5(g)]TJ /TT8 1 Tf -0.0022 Tc 0.0037 Tw 20.5689 0 Td [(, v. )6(6)-5(9)1(, p)-5(.)2( 104)-5(3-1)-5(052)-5(, )6(2)-5(003)-5(. )]TJ ET endstream endobj 407 0 obj 12115 endobj 408 0 obj << /Length 409 0 R >> stream /CS6 cs 0 0 0 sc 1 i /RelativeColorimetric ri /GS6 gs BT /TT12 1 Tf 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 733.5803 Tm ( )Tj 0 -1.1497 TD ( )Tj 0 g ET /GS7 gs BT /T1_3 9 Tf 1 0 0 1 287.492 28.8 Tm (3705)Tj /CS6 cs 0 0 0 sc ET /GS6 gs BT /TT12 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0294 Tw 12 0 0 12 106.38 731.7203 Tm [(The land us)5(e change simulations w)8(e)-1(re accom)8(p)1(lished by tw)8(o types of stochastic tran)6(sition )]TJ -0.0002 Tc 0.2502 Tw -1.775 -1.15 Td [(algorithm)8(s)-1( \226 \223expander\224 and \223patcher\224 \226 wh)]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.2479 Tw 19.315 0 Td (ich operate changes through expansion and )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1232 Tw -19.315 -1.15 Td [(diffusion, respectively. These sim)8(u)1(lations were )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.1244 Tw 19.76 0 Td (validated according to)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1195 Tw 9.145 0 Td [( a )-10(m)8(u)1(ltiple resolution)6( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.1646 Tw -28.905 -1.15 Td [(fitting m)8(e)-1(thod \(Constan)5(za, 1989\), and the va)]TJ 0.1638 Tw 18.875 0 Td [(lu)5(es obtained for windows 3x3, 5x5 and 9x9)5( )]TJ 0.0296 Tw -18.875 -1.15 Td (were 0.862682, 0.864872, and 0.864644, respectively for S1, S2, and S3. \ It is observable that )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1095 Tw 0 -1.15 TD [(the land use transitions com)8(p)1(ly with econom)]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.1105 Tw 18.55 0 Td (ic theories of urban growth and change)Tj /TT13 1 Tf 0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 503.04 662.7203 Tm (, )Tj /TT12 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 12 0 0 12 509.4 662.7203 Tm (which )Tj 0.0007 Tc 0.0003 Tw -35.36 -1.15 Td [(m)9(axi)-6(m)9(i)-1(ze consum)9(ers\264 and m)9(arkets\264 utilities in)]TJ 0.001 Tc -0.0017 Tw 18.53 0 Td [( te)5(rm)9(s of real s)5(t)-1(ate p)6(r)-1(ic)5(es a)5(nd access)5(i)-1(bility. )]TJ /TT13 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw -18.53 -2.16 Td (7.)Tj /TT14 1 Tf 0.75 0 Td ( )Tj /TT13 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 0.75 0 Td (Conclusions )Tj /TT12 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0024 Tw -1.5 -1.64 Td (Cities are open and non-linear co)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.0045 Tw 13.27 0 Td [(m)8(p)1(lex system)8(s. ANN though proved )]TJ 0.0009 Tc 0.0007 Tw 14.91 0 Td (to have the cap)Tj 0.0007 Tc -0.0007 Tw 6.03 0 Td (ability to )Tj 0.0002 Tc 0.1298 Tw -34.21 -1.15 Td (model non-linear features and handle well the )Tj 0.0001 Tc 19.49 0 Td [(uncertainties of spatial data. ANN h)-5(a)-1(ve two )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.0185 Tw -19.49 -1.15 Td [(m)8(a)-1(in disadvantages: they are black-box devises and )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0198 Tw 21.115 0 Td [(the user\264s intervention is still decisive for)-7( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.0896 Tw -21.115 -1.15 Td (the results quality. Further studies are needed )Tj 0.0897 Tw 19.025 0 Td (to assess the responsiveness of the simulation )Tj 0.0005 Tc -0.0011 Tw -19.025 -1.15 Td [(outputs in)6( face of changes in the type,)6( structur)]TJ 0.0007 Tc -0.0023 Tw 18.47 0 Td [(e an)6(d internal param)9(ete)]TJ 0.0004 Tc -0.0004 Tw 9.35 0 Td [(rs of the network.)5( )]TJ /TT13 1 Tf 0.0007 Tc 0 Tw -27.82 -2.16 Td [(References)5( )]TJ /TT12 1 Tf -0.0011 Tc 0.0146 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 504.3803 Tm [(Batty, M; Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, H.; Eichen)-4(, M. Urban)-4( )6(syste)-6(m)10(s as cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata,)]TJ /TT15 1 Tf -0.0022 Tc 0.0157 Tw 29 0 Td [( E)-8(n)-5(vironm)-5(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plan)-5(n)-5(i)6(ng)-5( B)]TJ /TT12 1 Tf 0.0025 Tc 0.011 Tw 12.7605 0 Td [(,)7( v.)7(2)6(4, )6(p.)13( )]TJ -0.0026 Tc -0.0019 Tw -41.7605 -1.1497 Td [(1)-6(59-)-5(164)-6(, 19)-6(97)-6(. )]TJ -0.0018 Tc 0.0811 Tw 0 -1.6467 TD [(Co)-5(n)-5(s)-2(tan)-5(za, R. )6(Mo)-5(d)-5(e)-1(l goo)-5(dn)-5(ess o)-5(f)-4( fit: a )-6(m)10(u)-5(ltip)-5(le reso)-5(lu)-5(tion p)-5(r)2(o)-5(cedu)-5(r)-4(e, )]TJ /TT15 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0817 Tw 28.9461 0 Td [(Eco)-5(log)-5(ica)-5(l Mod)-5(e)4(llin)-5(g)]TJ /TT12 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.0749 Tw 8.7545 0 Td [(, )-6(v)-4(.)3(47)-4(, p)-4(.)-3( 1)-4(99-)-4(215)-4(,)-9( )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0 Tw -37.7006 -1.1437 Td [(1)-4(989)-4(. )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0.062 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, )6(H. )6(Cellu)-4(lar wo)-4(rl)8(ds: a fram)11(ewo)-4(rk for m)11(o)-4(d)-4(ellin)-4(g micro)-4(-)-3(m)11(acro)-4( )6(d)-4(y)2(n)-4(am)11(i)2(cs, )]TJ /TT15 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0.0641 Tw 33.5569 0 Td [(En)-6(viro)-6(nm)-5(en)-6(ta)-6(l and)-6( Plann)-6(ing)-6( )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw -33.5569 -1.1497 Td (A)Tj /TT12 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw 0.6108 0 Td [(, v)-4(.)3(1)-4(7)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 58)-4(5-)-4(596)-4(, 19)-4(85)-4(. )]TJ -0.0005 Tc 0.0559 Tw -0.6108 -1.6467 Td [(Dead)-3(m)11(an)-3(,)-2( P.; )6(Brown, R. )6(D.; )6(Gim)11(b)-3(let)-4(t)2(, P. M)8(o)-3(d)-3(elling)-3( )6(rura)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0575 Tw 23.0838 0 Td [(l resid)-5(e)-1(n)-5(tial settle)-7(m)9(e)-1(n)-5(t p)-5(a)-1(tterns with)-5( cellu)-5(lar au)-5(to)-5(m)9(a)-1(ta,)-10( )]TJ /TT15 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc -0.0006 Tw -23.0838 -1.1497 Td [(Jou)5(r)2(n)5(a)-1(l)5( )6(of)5( Env)9(i)5(ron)5(me)9(n)-1(t)5(a)-1(l)5( M)9(a)5(na)5(ge)9(ment)]TJ /TT12 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 15.7784 0 Td [(, )-6( v)-5(.)-3( 37)-5(, p)-5(.)3( )-6(147)-5(-16)-5(0)1(, 1)-5(993)-5(. )]TJ 0.0017 Tc 0.0357 Tw -15.7784 -1.5449 Td [(Fi)4(sher)5(, M)5(. M)5(.;)10( Ab)5(ra)8(hart)4(, R)4(. J)8(. Ne)8(ur)5(oc)8(om)13(put)4(i)4(ng \226)5( t)4(o)5(ol)4(s f)5(o)-1(r )6(geo)5(g)5(r)-1(ap)5(her)5(s)2(. I)5(n)-1(:)4( O)5(p)-1(en)5(sha)8(w)-1(, )6(S.;)4( A)5(b)-1(ra)8(hart)4(, R)10(. J. \(e)8(ds)8(\))5(,)6( )]TJ /TT15 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(G)-5(e)-2(o)-6(c)4(om)-5(pu)-6(ta)-6(ti)6(o)-6(n)]TJ /TT12 1 Tf -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw 6.6527 0 Td [(, )6(N)-5(e)-2(w Yo)-5(rk)-5(:)6( Taylo)-5(r)-5( )6(& Fr)-5(ancis, ch)-5(ap)-5(.8)-5(, p. )6(1)-5(87-)-5(217)-5(, )6(20)-5(00)-5(. )]TJ -0.0013 Tc 0.0028 Tw -6.6527 -1.5449 Td [(Gong)-4(, P. In)-4(tegrated)-4( an)-4(alysis o)-4(f)-4( sp)-4(atial d)-4(a)-1(ta )-6(fro)-4(m)10( )-6(m)10(u)-10(ltip)]TJ -0.0016 Tc 0.0031 Tw 22.2096 0 Td [(le )-6(so)-5(urces: u)-5(s)-2(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( )6(ev)-5(id)-5(en)-5(tial reaso)-5(n)-5(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( an)-5(d)-5( artificial n)-5(e)-1(u)-5(r)-4(al)7( )]TJ 0.0019 Tc 0.0774 Tw -22.2096 -1.1497 Td [(net)4(w)6(or)6(k t)4(ech)5(ni)10(que)9(s f)6(o)-1(r )6(ge)9(ol)4(o)5(g)-1(i)4(cal)4( m)13(a)3(ppi)4(ng,)6( )]TJ /TT15 1 Tf 0.0012 Tc 0.0722 Tw 18.2455 0 Td [(Ph)4(ot)4(o)4(g)-2(ra)4(m)5(m)-1(e)8(t)4(ri)4(c )-6(Engi)10(neeri)4(ng a)4(nd Rem)5(o)-2(t)10(e)2( )-6(Sen)4(s)1(i)4(n)4(g)]TJ /TT12 1 Tf 0.002 Tc 0.0714 Tw 20.8862 0 Td [(, v. 6)5(2)-1(, p. 51)5(3)5(-)]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0492 Tw -39.1317 -5.3892 Td [(Li, X.; )6(Ye)7(h, )6(A. G. Ne)7(ural-net)9(work-base)7(d)-3( cellular aut)9(o)-3(m)12(a)]TJ 0.0018 Tc 0.0476 Tw 23.1737 0 Td [(t)4(a)3( )-6(fo)5(r si)4(m)13(u)-1(l)4(a)3(t)4(i)4(ng m)13(u)-1(lt)4(i)4(p)-1(l)4(e)3( l)4(a)3(nd )6(use c)9(h)-1(an)5(ges )6(us)8(i)4(ng )6(GI)6(S)7(,)6( )]TJ /TT15 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0039 Tw -23.1737 -1.1437 Td [(In)-5(tern)-5(a)-5(tiona)-5(l Jo)-5(u)-5(r)4(na)-5(l )6(o)-5(f Geogra)-5(p)1(h)-5(ica)-5(l In)-5(fo)-5(rma)-5(tion)-5( )6(S)-5(c)-2(ience)]TJ /TT12 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc -0.003 Tw 23.7485 0 Td [(, )-6(v. 1)-4(6)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 32)-4(3-3)-4(4)2(3)-4(,)3( )-6(200)-4(2. )]TJ -0.0009 Tc 0.0144 Tw -23.7485 -1.5509 Td [(Pap)-4(i)2(n)-4(i)2(, L.; Rabin)-4(o)-4(,)-2( )6(G. A.; Co)-4(lo)-4(nn)-4(a, )6(A.; Di Stefano)-4(,)-2( )6(V.; Lo)]TJ -0.0008 Tc 23.479 0 Td [(m)11(b)-4(ardo)-4(, S. Learn)-4(i)2(ng)-4( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(to)-4(m)11(ata in)-4( a re)-6(al wo)-4(rl)8(d)-4(:)2( )]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.0988 Tw -23.479 -1.1437 Td [(th)-4(e case stud)-4(y)8( o)-4(f)-4( t)7(h)-4(e Ro)-4(m)10(e)-1( metro)-4(p)2(o)-4(litan)-4( area. In)-4(: Band)-4(i)7(n)-4(i,)]TJ -0.0007 Tc 0.098 Tw 24.1856 0 Td [( S.; Serra, )6(R; Liv)-4(eran)-4(i)2(, )6(F. S. ed. Cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)8(o)-4(m)11(ata)-6(:)-4( )]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.1152 Tw -24.1856 -1.1497 Td [(researc)7(h)-3( t)9(o)-3(wa)7(rds industry. )]TJ /TT15 1 Tf -0.004 Tc 0 Tw 11.0958 0 Td [(ACR)-4(I)-6(\2649)-7(6)]TJ /TT12 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.1168 Tw 3.5509 0 Td [(: )6(Pro)-4(c)-1(eed)-4(i)1(ng)-4(s )6(o)-4(f)2( th)-4(e )6(Th)-4(ird)-4( C)7(o)-4(nferen)-4(ce )6(o)-4(n)2( Cellu)-4(lar Au)-4(to)-4(m)10(a)-1(ta for Research )]TJ -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw -14.6467 -1.1497 Td [(an)-5(d Ind)-5(u)-5(s)-3(t)6(r)-5(y, Lo)-5(ndo)-5(n)-5(: )6(Spr)-5(ing)-5(er)-5(-V)-5(er)-5(lag)-5(,)-4( )6(p)-5(.)2( 165)-5(-18)-5(3)1(, )6(1)-5(998)-5(. )]TJ -0.0009 Tc 0.0263 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Po)-4(rt)8(ug)-4(ali, J.; Ben)-4(enson)-4(, )6(I.; Omer, I. City: th)]TJ 0.0012 Tc 0.0242 Tw 17.6766 0 Td [(e gree)8(ns a)8(nd t)10(h)4(e bl)4(ues. )6(I)5(n)-2(:)4( Po)4(r)5(t)4(ugal)4(i)4(, J. e)8(d)-2(. )]TJ /TT15 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc 0.0233 Tw 17.3892 0 Td [(Se)9(l)5(f)5(-org)5(a)5(n)-1(i)5(z)2(at)5(i)5(o)5(n)5( an)5(d t)5(h)-1(e )]TJ -0.002 Tc 0 Tw -35.0659 -1.1497 Td (city)Tj /TT12 1 Tf 0.0001 Tc 0.0014 Tw 1.4371 0 Td [(, Berlin: S)5(p)3(ringer)4(-Ve)7(r)-2(lag,)5( )6(chap.5, )6(1999. )]TJ -0.0004 Tc 0.0258 Tw -1.4371 -1.6467 Td [(Ru)-3(m)11(elh)-3(art, D. )6(E.; Hin)-3(t)8(o)-3(n)3(, G. )6(E.; )6(W)-9(illia)-6(m)11(s, )-6(R. J. L)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0275 Tw 20.2575 0 Td [(earn)-5(ing)-5( )6(represen)-5(tatio)-5(n)-5(s)4( b)-5(y)1( b)-5(a)-1(ck)-5(-p)-5(rop)-5(a)5(g)-5(a)-1(tio)-5(n)-5( errors, )]TJ /TT15 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 20.9641 0 Td [(Na)-4(tu)-4(re)]TJ /TT12 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc 0.0172 Tw 2.7784 0 Td [(, v.)7( )]TJ -0.002 Tc -0.0025 Tw -44 -1.1437 Td [(3)-5(2)1(3)-5(,)3( )-6(p. 5)-5(33-)-4(536)-5(, 19)-5(86)-5( )]TJ 0.0016 Tc 0.3472 Tw T* [(Whi)4(t)4(e)2(, R)4(. )6(W.)6(;)4( Engel)4(e)2(n)5(, G.)6( C)4(e)2(l)4(l)4(u)-1(l)4(a)2(r aut)4(o)-1(m)13(a)2(t)4(on as t)4(h)-1(e basi)4(s of i)4(n)-1(t)10(e)2(grat)4(e)8(d)-1( dy)5(na)8(m)7(i)4(c regi)4(onal)4( m)13(odel)4(l)4(i)4(ng,)6( )]TJ /TT15 1 Tf -0.0021 Tc 0.0036 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(En)-5(vironm)-4(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plann)-5(ing)-5( )6(B)]TJ /TT12 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw 12.4491 0 Td [(, v)-4(.)3(2)-4(4)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 23)-4(5-)-4(246)-4(, 19)-4(97)-4(. )]TJ -0.0011 Tc 0.0026 Tw -12.4491 -1.5449 Td [(Wo)-4(l)7(fram)10(,)-3( S. )6(Un)-4(iv)-4(ersality an)-4(d co)-4(m)10(p)-4(lex)-4(ity in)-4( )6(cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(mata, )]TJ /TT15 1 Tf -0.0004 Tc 0 Tw 25.1916 0 Td [(Physic)6(a)]TJ /TT12 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc -0.0018 Tw 3.1617 0 Td [(, )-6(v. )-6(10)-6(D, p)-6(.)-4( 1)-6(-)1(35)-6(, 1)-6(984)-6(. )]TJ -0.0013 Tc 0.0747 Tw -28.3533 -1.6467 Td [(Wu, )6(F. )6(A li)7(n)-4(g)2(u)-4(i)1(stic cellu)-4(lar )6(au)-4(to)-4(m)10(a)-1(ta si)-5(m)10(u)-4(latio)-4(n)-4( ap)-4(proach)]TJ 0.0018 Tc 0.0716 Tw 23.6946 0 Td [( )6(fo)5(r s)8(u)-1(st)4(ai)4(na)9(b)5(l)4(e ur)6(ba)9(n )6(de)9(vel)4(opm)13(ent)4( i)4(n)-1( a)9( fa)9(st)4( g)5(ro)5(w)-1(i)4(n)5(g)5( )]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0 Tw -23.6946 -1.1497 Td [(regi)11(on)5(, )]TJ /TT15 1 Tf 0.0012 Tc 0.0003 Tw 3.0539 0 Td [(C)4(o)4(m)5(p)-2(u)4(t)4(ers, E)7(n)-2(vi)4(ro)4(nm)5(ent)4( a)4(n)4(d)-2( )6(Ur)7(ba)4(n )6(Syst)4(ems)]TJ /TT12 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0068 Tw 18.0479 0 Td [(, v. 2)5(0)-1(,)7( )-6(p.)7( )-6(3)5(6)5(7)-1(-)6(3)5(87)5(, 19)5(96)5(. )]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0.2629 Tw -21.1018 -1.6467 Td [(Wu)5(, F.;)5( )6(We)9(bs)8(t)5(e)3(r, C)4(.)1( J.)7( Si)5(m)8(u)-1(l)5(a)3(t)5(i)5(on )6(of)6( l)5(a)3(n)5(d)-1( de)9(vel)11(opm)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.2671 Tw 22.8743 0 Td [(en)-5(t th)-5(roug)-5(h)-5( t)6(h)-5(e in)-5(teg)-5(r)-4(ation)-5( )6(of cellu)-5(lar au)-5(tomata an)-5(d)-5( )]TJ -0.0011 Tc 0.0026 Tw -22.8743 -1.1497 Td [(m)10(u)-4(l)-5(ticriteria ev)-4(alu)-4(atio)-4(n)-4(,)]TJ /TT15 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0063 Tw 9.5928 0 Td [( )-6(E)8(n)-1(vi)4(r)8(o)-1(n)5(m)-1(e)9(n)-1(t)4(a)-1(l)4( an)5(d Pl)4(an)5(ni)4(n)5(g)-1( )-6(B)]TJ /TT12 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0068 Tw 12.6946 0 Td [(, v.)7(25)5(, p. 1)5(0)-1(3)5(-)6(12)5(6,)7( )-6(1)5(9)-1(9)5(8)-1(. )]TJ -0.001 Tc 0.0264 Tw -22.2874 -1.5449 Td [(Yeh, A. )6(G.; Li, X. )6(Sim)10(u)-4(lat)-5(i)1(o)-4(n)2( o)-4(f)3( d)-4(e)6(v)-4(elop)-4(m)10(e)-6(n)-4(t altern)-4(ativ)]TJ -0.0009 Tc 22.5749 0 Td [(es )6(u)-4(s)-1(ing)-4( )6(n)-4(eural network)-4(s)5(, cellu)-4(l)8(ar au)-4(t)8(o)-4(m)11(ata, a)-6(n)-4(d GIS )6(for )]TJ 0.0024 Tc -0.0069 Tw -22.5749 -1.1497 Td [(ur)6(ba)9(n pl)5(an)5(ni)5(n)5(g)5(,)1( )]TJ /TT15 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0003 Tw 6.515 0 Td [(P)8(hot)10(ogr)8(a)5(m)-1(m)5(e)3(t)4(r)2(i)4(c)3( Engi)10(neeri)10(n)-1(g)5( a)5(n)5(d)-1( Re)9(m)5(o)-1(t)4(e)3( Se)9(nsi)4(n)5(g)]TJ /TT12 1 Tf -0.0022 Tc 0.0037 Tw 20.5689 0 Td [(, v. )6(6)-5(9)1(, p)-5(.)2( 104)-5(3-1)-5(052)-5(, )6(2)-5(003)-5(. )]TJ ET endstream endobj 409 0 obj 12070 endobj 410 0 obj << /Length 411 0 R >> stream /CS8 cs 0 0 0 sc 1 i /RelativeColorimetric ri /GS8 gs BT /TT16 1 Tf 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 733.5803 Tm ( )Tj 0 -1.1497 TD ( )Tj 0 g ET /GS9 gs BT /T1_4 9 Tf 1 0 0 1 287.492 28.8 Tm (3705)Tj /CS8 cs 0 0 0 sc ET /GS8 gs BT /TT16 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0294 Tw 12 0 0 12 106.38 731.7203 Tm [(The land us)5(e change simulations w)8(e)-1(re accom)8(p)1(lished by tw)8(o types of stochastic tran)6(sition )]TJ -0.0002 Tc 0.2502 Tw -1.775 -1.15 Td [(algorithm)8(s)-1( \226 \223expander\224 and \223patcher\224 \226 wh)]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.2479 Tw 19.315 0 Td (ich operate changes through expansion and )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1232 Tw -19.315 -1.15 Td [(diffusion, respectively. These sim)8(u)1(lations were )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.1244 Tw 19.76 0 Td (validated according to)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1195 Tw 9.145 0 Td [( a )-10(m)8(u)1(ltiple resolution)6( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.1646 Tw -28.905 -1.15 Td [(fitting m)8(e)-1(thod \(Constan)5(za, 1989\), and the va)]TJ 0.1638 Tw 18.875 0 Td [(lu)5(es obtained for windows 3x3, 5x5 and 9x9)5( )]TJ 0.0296 Tw -18.875 -1.15 Td (were 0.862682, 0.864872, and 0.864644, respectively for S1, S2, and S3. \ It is observable that )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1095 Tw 0 -1.15 TD [(the land use transitions com)8(p)1(ly with econom)]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.1105 Tw 18.55 0 Td (ic theories of urban growth and change)Tj /TT17 1 Tf 0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 503.04 662.7203 Tm (, )Tj /TT16 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 12 0 0 12 509.4 662.7203 Tm (which )Tj 0.0007 Tc 0.0003 Tw -35.36 -1.15 Td [(m)9(axi)-6(m)9(i)-1(ze consum)9(ers\264 and m)9(arkets\264 utilities in)]TJ 0.001 Tc -0.0017 Tw 18.53 0 Td [( te)5(rm)9(s of real s)5(t)-1(ate p)6(r)-1(ic)5(es a)5(nd access)5(i)-1(bility. )]TJ /TT17 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw -18.53 -2.16 Td (7.)Tj /TT18 1 Tf 0.75 0 Td ( )Tj /TT17 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 0.75 0 Td (Conclusions )Tj /TT16 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0024 Tw -1.5 -1.64 Td (Cities are open and non-linear co)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.0045 Tw 13.27 0 Td [(m)8(p)1(lex system)8(s. ANN though proved )]TJ 0.0009 Tc 0.0007 Tw 14.91 0 Td (to have the cap)Tj 0.0007 Tc -0.0007 Tw 6.03 0 Td (ability to )Tj 0.0002 Tc 0.1298 Tw -34.21 -1.15 Td (model non-linear features and handle well the )Tj 0.0001 Tc 19.49 0 Td [(uncertainties of spatial data. ANN h)-5(a)-1(ve two )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.0185 Tw -19.49 -1.15 Td [(m)8(a)-1(in disadvantages: they are black-box devises and )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0198 Tw 21.115 0 Td [(the user\264s intervention is still decisive for)-7( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.0896 Tw -21.115 -1.15 Td (the results quality. Further studies are needed )Tj 0.0897 Tw 19.025 0 Td (to assess the responsiveness of the simulation )Tj 0.0005 Tc -0.0011 Tw -19.025 -1.15 Td [(outputs in)6( face of changes in the type,)6( structur)]TJ 0.0007 Tc -0.0023 Tw 18.47 0 Td [(e an)6(d internal param)9(ete)]TJ 0.0004 Tc -0.0004 Tw 9.35 0 Td [(rs of the network.)5( )]TJ /TT17 1 Tf 0.0007 Tc 0 Tw -27.82 -2.16 Td [(References)5( )]TJ /TT16 1 Tf -0.0011 Tc 0.0146 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 504.3803 Tm [(Batty, M; Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, H.; Eichen)-4(, M. Urban)-4( )6(syste)-6(m)10(s as cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata,)]TJ /TT19 1 Tf -0.0022 Tc 0.0157 Tw 29 0 Td [( E)-8(n)-5(vironm)-5(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plan)-5(n)-5(i)6(ng)-5( B)]TJ /TT16 1 Tf 0.0025 Tc 0.011 Tw 12.7605 0 Td [(,)7( v.)7(2)6(4, )6(p.)13( )]TJ -0.0026 Tc -0.0019 Tw -41.7605 -1.1497 Td [(1)-6(59-)-5(164)-6(, 19)-6(97)-6(. )]TJ -0.0018 Tc 0.0811 Tw 0 -1.6467 TD [(Co)-5(n)-5(s)-2(tan)-5(za, R. )6(Mo)-5(d)-5(e)-1(l goo)-5(dn)-5(ess o)-5(f)-4( fit: a )-6(m)10(u)-5(ltip)-5(le reso)-5(lu)-5(tion p)-5(r)2(o)-5(cedu)-5(r)-4(e, )]TJ /TT19 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0817 Tw 28.9461 0 Td [(Eco)-5(log)-5(ica)-5(l Mod)-5(e)4(llin)-5(g)]TJ /TT16 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.0749 Tw 8.7545 0 Td [(, )-6(v)-4(.)3(47)-4(, p)-4(.)-3( 1)-4(99-)-4(215)-4(,)-9( )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0 Tw -37.7006 -1.1437 Td [(1)-4(989)-4(. )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0.062 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, )6(H. )6(Cellu)-4(lar wo)-4(rl)8(ds: a fram)11(ewo)-4(rk for m)11(o)-4(d)-4(ellin)-4(g micro)-4(-)-3(m)11(acro)-4( )6(d)-4(y)2(n)-4(am)11(i)2(cs, )]TJ /TT19 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0.0641 Tw 33.5569 0 Td [(En)-6(viro)-6(nm)-5(en)-6(ta)-6(l and)-6( Plann)-6(ing)-6( )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw -33.5569 -1.1497 Td (A)Tj /TT16 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw 0.6108 0 Td [(, v)-4(.)3(1)-4(7)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 58)-4(5-)-4(596)-4(, 19)-4(85)-4(. )]TJ -0.0005 Tc 0.0559 Tw -0.6108 -1.6467 Td [(Dead)-3(m)11(an)-3(,)-2( P.; )6(Brown, R. )6(D.; )6(Gim)11(b)-3(let)-4(t)2(, P. M)8(o)-3(d)-3(elling)-3( )6(rura)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0575 Tw 23.0838 0 Td [(l resid)-5(e)-1(n)-5(tial settle)-7(m)9(e)-1(n)-5(t p)-5(a)-1(tterns with)-5( cellu)-5(lar au)-5(to)-5(m)9(a)-1(ta,)-10( )]TJ /TT19 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc -0.0006 Tw -23.0838 -1.1497 Td [(Jou)5(r)2(n)5(a)-1(l)5( )6(of)5( Env)9(i)5(ron)5(me)9(n)-1(t)5(a)-1(l)5( M)9(a)5(na)5(ge)9(ment)]TJ /TT16 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 15.7784 0 Td [(, )-6( v)-5(.)-3( 37)-5(, p)-5(.)3( )-6(147)-5(-16)-5(0)1(, 1)-5(993)-5(. )]TJ 0.0017 Tc 0.0357 Tw -15.7784 -1.5449 Td [(Fi)4(sher)5(, M)5(. M)5(.;)10( Ab)5(ra)8(hart)4(, R)4(. J)8(. Ne)8(ur)5(oc)8(om)13(put)4(i)4(ng \226)5( t)4(o)5(ol)4(s f)5(o)-1(r )6(geo)5(g)5(r)-1(ap)5(her)5(s)2(. I)5(n)-1(:)4( O)5(p)-1(en)5(sha)8(w)-1(, )6(S.;)4( A)5(b)-1(ra)8(hart)4(, R)10(. J. \(e)8(ds)8(\))5(,)6( )]TJ /TT19 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(G)-5(e)-2(o)-6(c)4(om)-5(pu)-6(ta)-6(ti)6(o)-6(n)]TJ /TT16 1 Tf -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw 6.6527 0 Td [(, )6(N)-5(e)-2(w Yo)-5(rk)-5(:)6( Taylo)-5(r)-5( )6(& Fr)-5(ancis, ch)-5(ap)-5(.8)-5(, p. )6(1)-5(87-)-5(217)-5(, )6(20)-5(00)-5(. )]TJ -0.0013 Tc 0.0028 Tw -6.6527 -1.5449 Td [(Gong)-4(, P. In)-4(tegrated)-4( an)-4(alysis o)-4(f)-4( sp)-4(atial d)-4(a)-1(ta )-6(fro)-4(m)10( )-6(m)10(u)-10(ltip)]TJ -0.0016 Tc 0.0031 Tw 22.2096 0 Td [(le )-6(so)-5(urces: u)-5(s)-2(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( )6(ev)-5(id)-5(en)-5(tial reaso)-5(n)-5(i)7(n)-5(g)-5( an)-5(d)-5( artificial n)-5(e)-1(u)-5(r)-4(al)7( )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0492 Tw -22.2096 -6.5389 Td [(Li, X.; )6(Ye)7(h, )6(A. G. Ne)7(ural-net)9(work-base)7(d)-3( cellular aut)9(o)-3(m)12(a)]TJ 0.0018 Tc 0.0476 Tw 23.1737 0 Td [(t)4(a)3( )-6(fo)5(r si)4(m)13(u)-1(l)4(a)3(t)4(i)4(ng m)13(u)-1(lt)4(i)4(p)-1(l)4(e)3( l)4(a)3(nd )6(use c)9(h)-1(an)5(ges )6(us)8(i)4(ng )6(GI)6(S)7(,)6( )]TJ /TT19 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0039 Tw -23.1737 -1.1437 Td [(In)-5(tern)-5(a)-5(tiona)-5(l Jo)-5(u)-5(r)4(na)-5(l )6(o)-5(f Geogra)-5(p)1(h)-5(ica)-5(l In)-5(fo)-5(rma)-5(tion)-5( )6(S)-5(c)-2(ience)]TJ /TT16 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc -0.003 Tw 23.7485 0 Td [(, )-6(v. 1)-4(6)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 32)-4(3-3)-4(4)2(3)-4(,)3( )-6(200)-4(2. )]TJ -0.0009 Tc 0.0144 Tw -23.7485 -1.5509 Td [(Pap)-4(i)2(n)-4(i)2(, L.; Rabin)-4(o)-4(,)-2( )6(G. A.; Co)-4(lo)-4(nn)-4(a, )6(A.; Di Stefano)-4(,)-2( )6(V.; Lo)]TJ -0.0008 Tc 23.479 0 Td [(m)11(b)-4(ardo)-4(, S. Learn)-4(i)2(ng)-4( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(to)-4(m)11(ata in)-4( a re)-6(al wo)-4(rl)8(d)-4(:)2( )]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.0988 Tw -23.479 -1.1437 Td [(th)-4(e case stud)-4(y)8( o)-4(f)-4( t)7(h)-4(e Ro)-4(m)10(e)-1( metro)-4(p)2(o)-4(litan)-4( area. In)-4(: Band)-4(i)7(n)-4(i,)]TJ -0.0007 Tc 0.098 Tw 24.1856 0 Td [( S.; Serra, )6(R; Liv)-4(eran)-4(i)2(, )6(F. S. ed. Cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)8(o)-4(m)11(ata)-6(:)-4( )]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.1152 Tw -24.1856 -1.1497 Td [(researc)7(h)-3( t)9(o)-3(wa)7(rds industry. )]TJ /TT19 1 Tf -0.004 Tc 0 Tw 11.0958 0 Td [(ACR)-4(I)-6(\2649)-7(6)]TJ /TT16 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.1168 Tw 3.5509 0 Td [(: )6(Pro)-4(c)-1(eed)-4(i)1(ng)-4(s )6(o)-4(f)2( th)-4(e )6(Th)-4(ird)-4( C)7(o)-4(nferen)-4(ce )6(o)-4(n)2( Cellu)-4(lar Au)-4(to)-4(m)10(a)-1(ta for Research )]TJ -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw -14.6467 -1.1497 Td [(an)-5(d Ind)-5(u)-5(s)-3(t)6(r)-5(y, Lo)-5(ndo)-5(n)-5(: )6(Spr)-5(ing)-5(er)-5(-V)-5(er)-5(lag)-5(,)-4( )6(p)-5(.)2( 165)-5(-18)-5(3)1(, )6(1)-5(998)-5(. )]TJ -0.0009 Tc 0.0263 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Po)-4(rt)8(ug)-4(ali, J.; Ben)-4(enson)-4(, )6(I.; Omer, I. City: th)]TJ 0.0012 Tc 0.0242 Tw 17.6766 0 Td [(e gree)8(ns a)8(nd t)10(h)4(e bl)4(ues. )6(I)5(n)-2(:)4( Po)4(r)5(t)4(ugal)4(i)4(, J. e)8(d)-2(. )]TJ /TT19 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc 0.0233 Tw 17.3892 0 Td [(Se)9(l)5(f)5(-org)5(a)5(n)-1(i)5(z)2(at)5(i)5(o)5(n)5( an)5(d t)5(h)-1(e )]TJ -0.002 Tc 0 Tw -35.0659 -1.1497 Td (city)Tj /TT16 1 Tf 0.0001 Tc 0.0014 Tw 1.4371 0 Td [(, Berlin: S)5(p)3(ringer)4(-Ve)7(r)-2(lag,)5( )6(chap.5, )6(1999. )]TJ -0.0004 Tc 0.0258 Tw -1.4371 -1.6467 Td [(Ru)-3(m)11(elh)-3(art, D. )6(E.; Hin)-3(t)8(o)-3(n)3(, G. )6(E.; )6(W)-9(illia)-6(m)11(s, )-6(R. J. L)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0275 Tw 20.2575 0 Td [(earn)-5(ing)-5( )6(represen)-5(tatio)-5(n)-5(s)4( b)-5(y)1( b)-5(a)-1(ck)-5(-p)-5(rop)-5(a)5(g)-5(a)-1(tio)-5(n)-5( errors, )]TJ /TT19 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 20.9641 0 Td [(Na)-4(tu)-4(re)]TJ /TT16 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc 0.0172 Tw 2.7784 0 Td [(, v.)7( )]TJ -0.002 Tc -0.0025 Tw -44 -1.1437 Td [(3)-5(2)1(3)-5(,)3( )-6(p. 5)-5(33-)-4(536)-5(, 19)-5(86)-5( )]TJ 0.0016 Tc 0.3472 Tw T* [(Whi)4(t)4(e)2(, R)4(. )6(W.)6(;)4( Engel)4(e)2(n)5(, G.)6( C)4(e)2(l)4(l)4(u)-1(l)4(a)2(r aut)4(o)-1(m)13(a)2(t)4(on as t)4(h)-1(e basi)4(s of i)4(n)-1(t)10(e)2(grat)4(e)8(d)-1( dy)5(na)8(m)7(i)4(c regi)4(onal)4( m)13(odel)4(l)4(i)4(ng,)6( )]TJ /TT19 1 Tf -0.0021 Tc 0.0036 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(En)-5(vironm)-4(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plann)-5(ing)-5( )6(B)]TJ /TT16 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw 12.4491 0 Td [(, v)-4(.)3(2)-4(4)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 23)-4(5-)-4(246)-4(, 19)-4(97)-4(. )]TJ -0.0011 Tc 0.0026 Tw -12.4491 -1.5449 Td [(Wo)-4(l)7(fram)10(,)-3( S. )6(Un)-4(iv)-4(ersality an)-4(d co)-4(m)10(p)-4(lex)-4(ity in)-4( )6(cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(mata, )]TJ /TT19 1 Tf -0.0004 Tc 0 Tw 25.1916 0 Td [(Physic)6(a)]TJ /TT16 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc -0.0018 Tw 3.1617 0 Td [(, )-6(v. )-6(10)-6(D, p)-6(.)-4( 1)-6(-)1(35)-6(, 1)-6(984)-6(. )]TJ -0.0013 Tc 0.0747 Tw -28.3533 -1.6467 Td [(Wu, )6(F. )6(A li)7(n)-4(g)2(u)-4(i)1(stic cellu)-4(lar )6(au)-4(to)-4(m)10(a)-1(ta si)-5(m)10(u)-4(latio)-4(n)-4( ap)-4(proach)]TJ 0.0018 Tc 0.0716 Tw 23.6946 0 Td [( )6(fo)5(r s)8(u)-1(st)4(ai)4(na)9(b)5(l)4(e ur)6(ba)9(n )6(de)9(vel)4(opm)13(ent)4( i)4(n)-1( a)9( fa)9(st)4( g)5(ro)5(w)-1(i)4(n)5(g)5( )]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0 Tw -23.6946 -1.1497 Td [(regi)11(on)5(, )]TJ /TT19 1 Tf 0.0012 Tc 0.0003 Tw 3.0539 0 Td [(C)4(o)4(m)5(p)-2(u)4(t)4(ers, E)7(n)-2(vi)4(ro)4(nm)5(ent)4( a)4(n)4(d)-2( )6(Ur)7(ba)4(n )6(Syst)4(ems)]TJ /TT16 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0068 Tw 18.0479 0 Td [(, v. 2)5(0)-1(,)7( )-6(p.)7( )-6(3)5(6)5(7)-1(-)6(3)5(87)5(, 19)5(96)5(. )]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0.2629 Tw -21.1018 -1.6467 Td [(Wu)5(, F.;)5( )6(We)9(bs)8(t)5(e)3(r, C)4(.)1( J.)7( Si)5(m)8(u)-1(l)5(a)3(t)5(i)5(on )6(of)6( l)5(a)3(n)5(d)-1( de)9(vel)11(opm)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.2671 Tw 22.8743 0 Td [(en)-5(t th)-5(roug)-5(h)-5( t)6(h)-5(e in)-5(teg)-5(r)-4(ation)-5( )6(of cellu)-5(lar au)-5(tomata an)-5(d)-5( )]TJ -0.0011 Tc 0.0026 Tw -22.8743 -1.1497 Td [(m)10(u)-4(l)-5(ticriteria ev)-4(alu)-4(atio)-4(n)-4(,)]TJ /TT19 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0063 Tw 9.5928 0 Td [( )-6(E)8(n)-1(vi)4(r)8(o)-1(n)5(m)-1(e)9(n)-1(t)4(a)-1(l)4( an)5(d Pl)4(an)5(ni)4(n)5(g)-1( )-6(B)]TJ /TT16 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0068 Tw 12.6946 0 Td [(, v.)7(25)5(, p. 1)5(0)-1(3)5(-)6(12)5(6,)7( )-6(1)5(9)-1(9)5(8)-1(. )]TJ -0.001 Tc 0.0264 Tw -22.2874 -1.5449 Td [(Yeh, A. )6(G.; Li, X. )6(Sim)10(u)-4(lat)-5(i)1(o)-4(n)2( o)-4(f)3( d)-4(e)6(v)-4(elop)-4(m)10(e)-6(n)-4(t altern)-4(ativ)]TJ -0.0009 Tc 22.5749 0 Td [(es )6(u)-4(s)-1(ing)-4( )6(n)-4(eural network)-4(s)5(, cellu)-4(l)8(ar au)-4(t)8(o)-4(m)11(ata, a)-6(n)-4(d GIS )6(for )]TJ 0.0024 Tc -0.0069 Tw -22.5749 -1.1497 Td [(ur)6(ba)9(n pl)5(an)5(ni)5(n)5(g)5(,)1( )]TJ /TT19 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0003 Tw 6.515 0 Td [(P)8(hot)10(ogr)8(a)5(m)-1(m)5(e)3(t)4(r)2(i)4(c)3( Engi)10(neeri)10(n)-1(g)5( a)5(n)5(d)-1( Re)9(m)5(o)-1(t)4(e)3( Se)9(nsi)4(n)5(g)]TJ /TT16 1 Tf -0.0022 Tc 0.0037 Tw 20.5689 0 Td [(, v. )6(6)-5(9)1(, p)-5(.)2( 104)-5(3-1)-5(052)-5(, )6(2)-5(003)-5(. )]TJ ET endstream endobj 411 0 obj 11664 endobj 412 0 obj << /Length 413 0 R >> stream /CS10 cs 0 0 0 sc 1 i /RelativeColorimetric ri /GS10 gs BT /TT20 1 Tf 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 733.5803 Tm ( )Tj 0 -1.1497 TD ( )Tj 0 g ET /GS11 gs BT /T1_5 9 Tf 1 0 0 1 287.492 28.8 Tm (3705)Tj /CS10 cs 0 0 0 sc ET /GS10 gs BT /TT20 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0294 Tw 12 0 0 12 106.38 731.7203 Tm [(The land us)5(e change simulations w)8(e)-1(re accom)8(p)1(lished by tw)8(o types of stochastic tran)6(sition )]TJ -0.0002 Tc 0.2502 Tw -1.775 -1.15 Td [(algorithm)8(s)-1( \226 \223expander\224 and \223patcher\224 \226 wh)]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.2479 Tw 19.315 0 Td (ich operate changes through expansion and )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1232 Tw -19.315 -1.15 Td [(diffusion, respectively. These sim)8(u)1(lations were )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.1244 Tw 19.76 0 Td (validated according to)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1195 Tw 9.145 0 Td [( a )-10(m)8(u)1(ltiple resolution)6( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.1646 Tw -28.905 -1.15 Td [(fitting m)8(e)-1(thod \(Constan)5(za, 1989\), and the va)]TJ 0.1638 Tw 18.875 0 Td [(lu)5(es obtained for windows 3x3, 5x5 and 9x9)5( )]TJ 0.0296 Tw -18.875 -1.15 Td (were 0.862682, 0.864872, and 0.864644, respectively for S1, S2, and S3. \ It is observable that )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1095 Tw 0 -1.15 TD [(the land use transitions com)8(p)1(ly with econom)]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.1105 Tw 18.55 0 Td (ic theories of urban growth and change)Tj /TT21 1 Tf 0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 503.04 662.7203 Tm (, )Tj /TT20 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 12 0 0 12 509.4 662.7203 Tm (which )Tj 0.0007 Tc 0.0003 Tw -35.36 -1.15 Td [(m)9(axi)-6(m)9(i)-1(ze consum)9(ers\264 and m)9(arkets\264 utilities in)]TJ 0.001 Tc -0.0017 Tw 18.53 0 Td [( te)5(rm)9(s of real s)5(t)-1(ate p)6(r)-1(ic)5(es a)5(nd access)5(i)-1(bility. )]TJ /TT21 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw -18.53 -2.16 Td (7.)Tj /TT22 1 Tf 0.75 0 Td ( )Tj /TT21 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 0.75 0 Td (Conclusions )Tj /TT20 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0024 Tw -1.5 -1.64 Td (Cities are open and non-linear co)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.0045 Tw 13.27 0 Td [(m)8(p)1(lex system)8(s. ANN though proved )]TJ 0.0009 Tc 0.0007 Tw 14.91 0 Td (to have the cap)Tj 0.0007 Tc -0.0007 Tw 6.03 0 Td (ability to )Tj 0.0002 Tc 0.1298 Tw -34.21 -1.15 Td (model non-linear features and handle well the )Tj 0.0001 Tc 19.49 0 Td [(uncertainties of spatial data. ANN h)-5(a)-1(ve two )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.0185 Tw -19.49 -1.15 Td [(m)8(a)-1(in disadvantages: they are black-box devises and )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0198 Tw 21.115 0 Td [(the user\264s intervention is still decisive for)-7( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.0896 Tw -21.115 -1.15 Td (the results quality. Further studies are needed )Tj 0.0897 Tw 19.025 0 Td (to assess the responsiveness of the simulation )Tj 0.0005 Tc -0.0011 Tw -19.025 -1.15 Td [(outputs in)6( face of changes in the type,)6( structur)]TJ 0.0007 Tc -0.0023 Tw 18.47 0 Td [(e an)6(d internal param)9(ete)]TJ 0.0004 Tc -0.0004 Tw 9.35 0 Td [(rs of the network.)5( )]TJ /TT21 1 Tf 0.0007 Tc 0 Tw -27.82 -2.16 Td [(References)5( )]TJ /TT20 1 Tf -0.0011 Tc 0.0146 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 504.3803 Tm [(Batty, M; Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, H.; Eichen)-4(, M. Urban)-4( )6(syste)-6(m)10(s as cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata,)]TJ /TT23 1 Tf -0.0022 Tc 0.0157 Tw 29 0 Td [( E)-8(n)-5(vironm)-5(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plan)-5(n)-5(i)6(ng)-5( B)]TJ /TT20 1 Tf 0.0025 Tc 0.011 Tw 12.7605 0 Td [(,)7( v.)7(2)6(4, )6(p.)13( )]TJ -0.0026 Tc -0.0019 Tw -41.7605 -1.1497 Td [(1)-6(59-)-5(164)-6(, 19)-6(97)-6(. )]TJ -0.0018 Tc 0.0811 Tw 0 -1.6467 TD [(Co)-5(n)-5(s)-2(tan)-5(za, R. )6(Mo)-5(d)-5(e)-1(l goo)-5(dn)-5(ess o)-5(f)-4( fit: a )-6(m)10(u)-5(ltip)-5(le reso)-5(lu)-5(tion p)-5(r)2(o)-5(cedu)-5(r)-4(e, )]TJ /TT23 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0817 Tw 28.9461 0 Td [(Eco)-5(log)-5(ica)-5(l Mod)-5(e)4(llin)-5(g)]TJ /TT20 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.0749 Tw 8.7545 0 Td [(, )-6(v)-4(.)3(47)-4(, p)-4(.)-3( 1)-4(99-)-4(215)-4(,)-9( )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0 Tw -37.7006 -1.1437 Td [(1)-4(989)-4(. )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0.062 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, )6(H. )6(Cellu)-4(lar wo)-4(rl)8(ds: a fram)11(ewo)-4(rk for m)11(o)-4(d)-4(ellin)-4(g micro)-4(-)-3(m)11(acro)-4( )6(d)-4(y)2(n)-4(am)11(i)2(cs, )]TJ /TT23 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0.0641 Tw 33.5569 0 Td [(En)-6(viro)-6(nm)-5(en)-6(ta)-6(l and)-6( Plann)-6(ing)-6( )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw -33.5569 -1.1497 Td (A)Tj /TT20 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw 0.6108 0 Td [(, v)-4(.)3(1)-4(7)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 58)-4(5-)-4(596)-4(, 19)-4(85)-4(. )]TJ -0.0005 Tc 0.0559 Tw -0.6108 -1.6467 Td [(Dead)-3(m)11(an)-3(,)-2( P.; )6(Brown, R. )6(D.; )6(Gim)11(b)-3(let)-4(t)2(, P. M)8(o)-3(d)-3(elling)-3( )6(rura)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0575 Tw 23.0838 0 Td [(l resid)-5(e)-1(n)-5(tial settle)-7(m)9(e)-1(n)-5(t p)-5(a)-1(tterns with)-5( cellu)-5(lar au)-5(to)-5(m)9(a)-1(ta,)-10( )]TJ /TT23 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc -0.0006 Tw -23.0838 -1.1497 Td [(Jou)5(r)2(n)5(a)-1(l)5( )6(of)5( Env)9(i)5(ron)5(me)9(n)-1(t)5(a)-1(l)5( M)9(a)5(na)5(ge)9(ment)]TJ /TT20 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 15.7784 0 Td [(, )-6( v)-5(.)-3( 37)-5(, p)-5(.)3( )-6(147)-5(-16)-5(0)1(, 1)-5(993)-5(. )]TJ 0.0017 Tc 0.0357 Tw -15.7784 -1.5449 Td [(Fi)4(sher)5(, M)5(. M)5(.;)10( Ab)5(ra)8(hart)4(, R)4(. J)8(. Ne)8(ur)5(oc)8(om)13(put)4(i)4(ng \226)5( t)4(o)5(ol)4(s f)5(o)-1(r )6(geo)5(g)5(r)-1(ap)5(her)5(s)2(. I)5(n)-1(:)4( O)5(p)-1(en)5(sha)8(w)-1(, )6(S.;)4( A)5(b)-1(ra)8(hart)4(, R)10(. J. \(e)8(ds)8(\))5(,)6( )]TJ /TT23 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(G)-5(e)-2(o)-6(c)4(om)-5(pu)-6(ta)-6(ti)6(o)-6(n)]TJ /TT20 1 Tf -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw 6.6527 0 Td [(, )6(N)-5(e)-2(w Yo)-5(rk)-5(:)6( Taylo)-5(r)-5( )6(& Fr)-5(ancis, ch)-5(ap)-5(.8)-5(, p. )6(1)-5(87-)-5(217)-5(, )6(20)-5(00)-5(. )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0492 Tw -6.6527 -8.0838 Td [(Li, X.; )6(Ye)7(h, )6(A. G. Ne)7(ural-net)9(work-base)7(d)-3( cellular aut)9(o)-3(m)12(a)]TJ 0.0018 Tc 0.0476 Tw 23.1737 0 Td [(t)4(a)3( )-6(fo)5(r si)4(m)13(u)-1(l)4(a)3(t)4(i)4(ng m)13(u)-1(lt)4(i)4(p)-1(l)4(e)3( l)4(a)3(nd )6(use c)9(h)-1(an)5(ges )6(us)8(i)4(ng )6(GI)6(S)7(,)6( )]TJ /TT23 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0039 Tw -23.1737 -1.1437 Td [(In)-5(tern)-5(a)-5(tiona)-5(l Jo)-5(u)-5(r)4(na)-5(l )6(o)-5(f Geogra)-5(p)1(h)-5(ica)-5(l In)-5(fo)-5(rma)-5(tion)-5( )6(S)-5(c)-2(ience)]TJ /TT20 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc -0.003 Tw 23.7485 0 Td [(, )-6(v. 1)-4(6)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 32)-4(3-3)-4(4)2(3)-4(,)3( )-6(200)-4(2. )]TJ -0.0009 Tc 0.0144 Tw -23.7485 -1.5509 Td [(Pap)-4(i)2(n)-4(i)2(, L.; Rabin)-4(o)-4(,)-2( )6(G. A.; Co)-4(lo)-4(nn)-4(a, )6(A.; Di Stefano)-4(,)-2( )6(V.; Lo)]TJ -0.0008 Tc 23.479 0 Td [(m)11(b)-4(ardo)-4(, S. Learn)-4(i)2(ng)-4( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(to)-4(m)11(ata in)-4( a re)-6(al wo)-4(rl)8(d)-4(:)2( )]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.0988 Tw -23.479 -1.1437 Td [(th)-4(e case stud)-4(y)8( o)-4(f)-4( t)7(h)-4(e Ro)-4(m)10(e)-1( metro)-4(p)2(o)-4(litan)-4( area. In)-4(: Band)-4(i)7(n)-4(i,)]TJ -0.0007 Tc 0.098 Tw 24.1856 0 Td [( S.; Serra, )6(R; Liv)-4(eran)-4(i)2(, )6(F. S. ed. Cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)8(o)-4(m)11(ata)-6(:)-4( )]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.1152 Tw -24.1856 -1.1497 Td [(researc)7(h)-3( t)9(o)-3(wa)7(rds industry. )]TJ /TT23 1 Tf -0.004 Tc 0 Tw 11.0958 0 Td [(ACR)-4(I)-6(\2649)-7(6)]TJ /TT20 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.1168 Tw 3.5509 0 Td [(: )6(Pro)-4(c)-1(eed)-4(i)1(ng)-4(s )6(o)-4(f)2( th)-4(e )6(Th)-4(ird)-4( C)7(o)-4(nferen)-4(ce )6(o)-4(n)2( Cellu)-4(lar Au)-4(to)-4(m)10(a)-1(ta for Research )]TJ -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw -14.6467 -1.1497 Td [(an)-5(d Ind)-5(u)-5(s)-3(t)6(r)-5(y, Lo)-5(ndo)-5(n)-5(: )6(Spr)-5(ing)-5(er)-5(-V)-5(er)-5(lag)-5(,)-4( )6(p)-5(.)2( 165)-5(-18)-5(3)1(, )6(1)-5(998)-5(. )]TJ -0.0009 Tc 0.0263 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Po)-4(rt)8(ug)-4(ali, J.; Ben)-4(enson)-4(, )6(I.; Omer, I. City: th)]TJ 0.0012 Tc 0.0242 Tw 17.6766 0 Td [(e gree)8(ns a)8(nd t)10(h)4(e bl)4(ues. )6(I)5(n)-2(:)4( Po)4(r)5(t)4(ugal)4(i)4(, J. e)8(d)-2(. )]TJ /TT23 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc 0.0233 Tw 17.3892 0 Td [(Se)9(l)5(f)5(-org)5(a)5(n)-1(i)5(z)2(at)5(i)5(o)5(n)5( an)5(d t)5(h)-1(e )]TJ -0.002 Tc 0 Tw -35.0659 -1.1497 Td (city)Tj /TT20 1 Tf 0.0001 Tc 0.0014 Tw 1.4371 0 Td [(, Berlin: S)5(p)3(ringer)4(-Ve)7(r)-2(lag,)5( )6(chap.5, )6(1999. )]TJ -0.0004 Tc 0.0258 Tw -1.4371 -1.6467 Td [(Ru)-3(m)11(elh)-3(art, D. )6(E.; Hin)-3(t)8(o)-3(n)3(, G. )6(E.; )6(W)-9(illia)-6(m)11(s, )-6(R. J. L)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0275 Tw 20.2575 0 Td [(earn)-5(ing)-5( )6(represen)-5(tatio)-5(n)-5(s)4( b)-5(y)1( b)-5(a)-1(ck)-5(-p)-5(rop)-5(a)5(g)-5(a)-1(tio)-5(n)-5( errors, )]TJ /TT23 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 20.9641 0 Td [(Na)-4(tu)-4(re)]TJ /TT20 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc 0.0172 Tw 2.7784 0 Td [(, v.)7( )]TJ -0.002 Tc -0.0025 Tw -44 -1.1437 Td [(3)-5(2)1(3)-5(,)3( )-6(p. 5)-5(33-)-4(536)-5(, 19)-5(86)-5( )]TJ 0.0016 Tc 0.3472 Tw T* [(Whi)4(t)4(e)2(, R)4(. )6(W.)6(;)4( Engel)4(e)2(n)5(, G.)6( C)4(e)2(l)4(l)4(u)-1(l)4(a)2(r aut)4(o)-1(m)13(a)2(t)4(on as t)4(h)-1(e basi)4(s of i)4(n)-1(t)10(e)2(grat)4(e)8(d)-1( dy)5(na)8(m)7(i)4(c regi)4(onal)4( m)13(odel)4(l)4(i)4(ng,)6( )]TJ /TT23 1 Tf -0.0021 Tc 0.0036 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(En)-5(vironm)-4(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plann)-5(ing)-5( )6(B)]TJ /TT20 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw 12.4491 0 Td [(, v)-4(.)3(2)-4(4)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 23)-4(5-)-4(246)-4(, 19)-4(97)-4(. )]TJ -0.0011 Tc 0.0026 Tw -12.4491 -1.5449 Td [(Wo)-4(l)7(fram)10(,)-3( S. )6(Un)-4(iv)-4(ersality an)-4(d co)-4(m)10(p)-4(lex)-4(ity in)-4( )6(cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(mata, )]TJ /TT23 1 Tf -0.0004 Tc 0 Tw 25.1916 0 Td [(Physic)6(a)]TJ /TT20 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc -0.0018 Tw 3.1617 0 Td [(, )-6(v. )-6(10)-6(D, p)-6(.)-4( 1)-6(-)1(35)-6(, 1)-6(984)-6(. )]TJ -0.0013 Tc 0.0747 Tw -28.3533 -1.6467 Td [(Wu, )6(F. )6(A li)7(n)-4(g)2(u)-4(i)1(stic cellu)-4(lar )6(au)-4(to)-4(m)10(a)-1(ta si)-5(m)10(u)-4(latio)-4(n)-4( ap)-4(proach)]TJ 0.0018 Tc 0.0716 Tw 23.6946 0 Td [( )6(fo)5(r s)8(u)-1(st)4(ai)4(na)9(b)5(l)4(e ur)6(ba)9(n )6(de)9(vel)4(opm)13(ent)4( i)4(n)-1( a)9( fa)9(st)4( g)5(ro)5(w)-1(i)4(n)5(g)5( )]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0 Tw -23.6946 -1.1497 Td [(regi)11(on)5(, )]TJ /TT23 1 Tf 0.0012 Tc 0.0003 Tw 3.0539 0 Td [(C)4(o)4(m)5(p)-2(u)4(t)4(ers, E)7(n)-2(vi)4(ro)4(nm)5(ent)4( a)4(n)4(d)-2( )6(Ur)7(ba)4(n )6(Syst)4(ems)]TJ /TT20 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0068 Tw 18.0479 0 Td [(, v. 2)5(0)-1(,)7( )-6(p.)7( )-6(3)5(6)5(7)-1(-)6(3)5(87)5(, 19)5(96)5(. )]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0.2629 Tw -21.1018 -1.6467 Td [(Wu)5(, F.;)5( )6(We)9(bs)8(t)5(e)3(r, C)4(.)1( J.)7( Si)5(m)8(u)-1(l)5(a)3(t)5(i)5(on )6(of)6( l)5(a)3(n)5(d)-1( de)9(vel)11(opm)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.2671 Tw 22.8743 0 Td [(en)-5(t th)-5(roug)-5(h)-5( t)6(h)-5(e in)-5(teg)-5(r)-4(ation)-5( )6(of cellu)-5(lar au)-5(tomata an)-5(d)-5( )]TJ -0.0011 Tc 0.0026 Tw -22.8743 -1.1497 Td [(m)10(u)-4(l)-5(ticriteria ev)-4(alu)-4(atio)-4(n)-4(,)]TJ /TT23 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0063 Tw 9.5928 0 Td [( )-6(E)8(n)-1(vi)4(r)8(o)-1(n)5(m)-1(e)9(n)-1(t)4(a)-1(l)4( an)5(d Pl)4(an)5(ni)4(n)5(g)-1( )-6(B)]TJ /TT20 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0068 Tw 12.6946 0 Td [(, v.)7(25)5(, p. 1)5(0)-1(3)5(-)6(12)5(6,)7( )-6(1)5(9)-1(9)5(8)-1(. )]TJ -0.001 Tc 0.0264 Tw -22.2874 -1.5449 Td [(Yeh, A. )6(G.; Li, X. )6(Sim)10(u)-4(lat)-5(i)1(o)-4(n)2( o)-4(f)3( d)-4(e)6(v)-4(elop)-4(m)10(e)-6(n)-4(t altern)-4(ativ)]TJ -0.0009 Tc 22.5749 0 Td [(es )6(u)-4(s)-1(ing)-4( )6(n)-4(eural network)-4(s)5(, cellu)-4(l)8(ar au)-4(t)8(o)-4(m)11(ata, a)-6(n)-4(d GIS )6(for )]TJ 0.0024 Tc -0.0069 Tw -22.5749 -1.1497 Td [(ur)6(ba)9(n pl)5(an)5(ni)5(n)5(g)5(,)1( )]TJ /TT23 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0003 Tw 6.515 0 Td [(P)8(hot)10(ogr)8(a)5(m)-1(m)5(e)3(t)4(r)2(i)4(c)3( Engi)10(neeri)10(n)-1(g)5( a)5(n)5(d)-1( Re)9(m)5(o)-1(t)4(e)3( Se)9(nsi)4(n)5(g)]TJ /TT20 1 Tf -0.0022 Tc 0.0037 Tw 20.5689 0 Td [(, v. )6(6)-5(9)1(, p)-5(.)2( 104)-5(3-1)-5(052)-5(, )6(2)-5(003)-5(. )]TJ ET endstream endobj 413 0 obj 11314 endobj 414 0 obj << /Length 415 0 R >> stream /CS12 cs 0 0 0 sc 1 i /RelativeColorimetric ri /GS12 gs BT /TT24 1 Tf 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 733.5803 Tm ( )Tj 0 -1.1497 TD ( )Tj 0 g ET /GS13 gs BT /T1_6 9 Tf 1 0 0 1 287.492 28.8 Tm (3705)Tj /CS12 cs 0 0 0 sc ET /GS12 gs BT /TT24 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0294 Tw 12 0 0 12 106.38 731.7203 Tm [(The land us)5(e change simulations w)8(e)-1(re accom)8(p)1(lished by tw)8(o types of stochastic tran)6(sition )]TJ -0.0002 Tc 0.2502 Tw -1.775 -1.15 Td [(algorithm)8(s)-1( \226 \223expander\224 and \223patcher\224 \226 wh)]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.2479 Tw 19.315 0 Td (ich operate changes through expansion and )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1232 Tw -19.315 -1.15 Td [(diffusion, respectively. These sim)8(u)1(lations were )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.1244 Tw 19.76 0 Td (validated according to)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1195 Tw 9.145 0 Td [( a )-10(m)8(u)1(ltiple resolution)6( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.1646 Tw -28.905 -1.15 Td [(fitting m)8(e)-1(thod \(Constan)5(za, 1989\), and the va)]TJ 0.1638 Tw 18.875 0 Td [(lu)5(es obtained for windows 3x3, 5x5 and 9x9)5( )]TJ 0.0296 Tw -18.875 -1.15 Td (were 0.862682, 0.864872, and 0.864644, respectively for S1, S2, and S3. \ It is observable that )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1095 Tw 0 -1.15 TD [(the land use transitions com)8(p)1(ly with econom)]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.1105 Tw 18.55 0 Td (ic theories of urban growth and change)Tj /TT25 1 Tf 0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 503.04 662.7203 Tm (, )Tj /TT24 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 12 0 0 12 509.4 662.7203 Tm (which )Tj 0.0007 Tc 0.0003 Tw -35.36 -1.15 Td [(m)9(axi)-6(m)9(i)-1(ze consum)9(ers\264 and m)9(arkets\264 utilities in)]TJ 0.001 Tc -0.0017 Tw 18.53 0 Td [( te)5(rm)9(s of real s)5(t)-1(ate p)6(r)-1(ic)5(es a)5(nd access)5(i)-1(bility. )]TJ /TT25 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw -18.53 -2.16 Td (7.)Tj /TT26 1 Tf 0.75 0 Td ( )Tj /TT25 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 0.75 0 Td (Conclusions )Tj /TT24 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0024 Tw -1.5 -1.64 Td (Cities are open and non-linear co)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.0045 Tw 13.27 0 Td [(m)8(p)1(lex system)8(s. ANN though proved )]TJ 0.0009 Tc 0.0007 Tw 14.91 0 Td (to have the cap)Tj 0.0007 Tc -0.0007 Tw 6.03 0 Td (ability to )Tj 0.0002 Tc 0.1298 Tw -34.21 -1.15 Td (model non-linear features and handle well the )Tj 0.0001 Tc 19.49 0 Td [(uncertainties of spatial data. ANN h)-5(a)-1(ve two )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.0185 Tw -19.49 -1.15 Td [(m)8(a)-1(in disadvantages: they are black-box devises and )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0198 Tw 21.115 0 Td [(the user\264s intervention is still decisive for)-7( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.0896 Tw -21.115 -1.15 Td (the results quality. Further studies are needed )Tj 0.0897 Tw 19.025 0 Td (to assess the responsiveness of the simulation )Tj 0.0005 Tc -0.0011 Tw -19.025 -1.15 Td [(outputs in)6( face of changes in the type,)6( structur)]TJ 0.0007 Tc -0.0023 Tw 18.47 0 Td [(e an)6(d internal param)9(ete)]TJ 0.0004 Tc -0.0004 Tw 9.35 0 Td [(rs of the network.)5( )]TJ /TT25 1 Tf 0.0007 Tc 0 Tw -27.82 -2.16 Td [(References)5( )]TJ /TT24 1 Tf -0.0011 Tc 0.0146 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 504.3803 Tm [(Batty, M; Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, H.; Eichen)-4(, M. Urban)-4( )6(syste)-6(m)10(s as cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata,)]TJ /TT27 1 Tf -0.0022 Tc 0.0157 Tw 29 0 Td [( E)-8(n)-5(vironm)-5(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plan)-5(n)-5(i)6(ng)-5( B)]TJ /TT24 1 Tf 0.0025 Tc 0.011 Tw 12.7605 0 Td [(,)7( v.)7(2)6(4, )6(p.)13( )]TJ -0.0026 Tc -0.0019 Tw -41.7605 -1.1497 Td [(1)-6(59-)-5(164)-6(, 19)-6(97)-6(. )]TJ -0.0018 Tc 0.0811 Tw 0 -1.6467 TD [(Co)-5(n)-5(s)-2(tan)-5(za, R. )6(Mo)-5(d)-5(e)-1(l goo)-5(dn)-5(ess o)-5(f)-4( fit: a )-6(m)10(u)-5(ltip)-5(le reso)-5(lu)-5(tion p)-5(r)2(o)-5(cedu)-5(r)-4(e, )]TJ /TT27 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0817 Tw 28.9461 0 Td [(Eco)-5(log)-5(ica)-5(l Mod)-5(e)4(llin)-5(g)]TJ /TT24 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.0749 Tw 8.7545 0 Td [(, )-6(v)-4(.)3(47)-4(, p)-4(.)-3( 1)-4(99-)-4(215)-4(,)-9( )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0 Tw -37.7006 -1.1437 Td [(1)-4(989)-4(. )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0.062 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, )6(H. )6(Cellu)-4(lar wo)-4(rl)8(ds: a fram)11(ewo)-4(rk for m)11(o)-4(d)-4(ellin)-4(g micro)-4(-)-3(m)11(acro)-4( )6(d)-4(y)2(n)-4(am)11(i)2(cs, )]TJ /TT27 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0.0641 Tw 33.5569 0 Td [(En)-6(viro)-6(nm)-5(en)-6(ta)-6(l and)-6( Plann)-6(ing)-6( )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw -33.5569 -1.1497 Td (A)Tj /TT24 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw 0.6108 0 Td [(, v)-4(.)3(1)-4(7)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 58)-4(5-)-4(596)-4(, 19)-4(85)-4(. )]TJ -0.0005 Tc 0.0559 Tw -0.6108 -1.6467 Td [(Dead)-3(m)11(an)-3(,)-2( P.; )6(Brown, R. )6(D.; )6(Gim)11(b)-3(let)-4(t)2(, P. M)8(o)-3(d)-3(elling)-3( )6(rura)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0575 Tw 23.0838 0 Td [(l resid)-5(e)-1(n)-5(tial settle)-7(m)9(e)-1(n)-5(t p)-5(a)-1(tterns with)-5( cellu)-5(lar au)-5(to)-5(m)9(a)-1(ta,)-10( )]TJ /TT27 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc -0.0006 Tw -23.0838 -1.1497 Td [(Jou)5(r)2(n)5(a)-1(l)5( )6(of)5( Env)9(i)5(ron)5(me)9(n)-1(t)5(a)-1(l)5( M)9(a)5(na)5(ge)9(ment)]TJ /TT24 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 15.7784 0 Td [(, )-6( v)-5(.)-3( 37)-5(, p)-5(.)3( )-6(147)-5(-16)-5(0)1(, 1)-5(993)-5(. )]TJ 0.0017 Tc 0.0357 Tw -15.7784 -1.5449 Td [(Fi)4(sher)5(, M)5(. M)5(.;)10( Ab)5(ra)8(hart)4(, R)4(. J)8(. Ne)8(ur)5(oc)8(om)13(put)4(i)4(ng \226)5( t)4(o)5(ol)4(s f)5(o)-1(r )6(geo)5(g)5(r)-1(ap)5(her)5(s)2(. I)5(n)-1(:)4( O)5(p)-1(en)5(sha)8(w)-1(, )6(S.;)4( A)5(b)-1(ra)8(hart)4(, R)10(. J. \(e)8(ds)8(\))5(,)6( )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0492 Tw 0 -9.2335 TD [(Li, X.; )6(Ye)7(h, )6(A. G. Ne)7(ural-net)9(work-base)7(d)-3( cellular aut)9(o)-3(m)12(a)]TJ 0.0018 Tc 0.0476 Tw 23.1737 0 Td [(t)4(a)3( )-6(fo)5(r si)4(m)13(u)-1(l)4(a)3(t)4(i)4(ng m)13(u)-1(lt)4(i)4(p)-1(l)4(e)3( l)4(a)3(nd )6(use c)9(h)-1(an)5(ges )6(us)8(i)4(ng )6(GI)6(S)7(,)6( )]TJ /TT27 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0039 Tw -23.1737 -1.1437 Td [(In)-5(tern)-5(a)-5(tiona)-5(l Jo)-5(u)-5(r)4(na)-5(l )6(o)-5(f Geogra)-5(p)1(h)-5(ica)-5(l In)-5(fo)-5(rma)-5(tion)-5( )6(S)-5(c)-2(ience)]TJ /TT24 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc -0.003 Tw 23.7485 0 Td [(, )-6(v. 1)-4(6)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 32)-4(3-3)-4(4)2(3)-4(,)3( )-6(200)-4(2. )]TJ -0.0009 Tc 0.0144 Tw -23.7485 -1.5509 Td [(Pap)-4(i)2(n)-4(i)2(, L.; Rabin)-4(o)-4(,)-2( )6(G. A.; Co)-4(lo)-4(nn)-4(a, )6(A.; Di Stefano)-4(,)-2( )6(V.; Lo)]TJ -0.0008 Tc 23.479 0 Td [(m)11(b)-4(ardo)-4(, S. Learn)-4(i)2(ng)-4( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(to)-4(m)11(ata in)-4( a re)-6(al wo)-4(rl)8(d)-4(:)2( )]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.0988 Tw -23.479 -1.1437 Td [(th)-4(e case stud)-4(y)8( o)-4(f)-4( t)7(h)-4(e Ro)-4(m)10(e)-1( metro)-4(p)2(o)-4(litan)-4( area. In)-4(: Band)-4(i)7(n)-4(i,)]TJ -0.0007 Tc 0.098 Tw 24.1856 0 Td [( S.; Serra, )6(R; Liv)-4(eran)-4(i)2(, )6(F. S. ed. Cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)8(o)-4(m)11(ata)-6(:)-4( )]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.1152 Tw -24.1856 -1.1497 Td [(researc)7(h)-3( t)9(o)-3(wa)7(rds industry. )]TJ /TT27 1 Tf -0.004 Tc 0 Tw 11.0958 0 Td [(ACR)-4(I)-6(\2649)-7(6)]TJ /TT24 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.1168 Tw 3.5509 0 Td [(: )6(Pro)-4(c)-1(eed)-4(i)1(ng)-4(s )6(o)-4(f)2( th)-4(e )6(Th)-4(ird)-4( C)7(o)-4(nferen)-4(ce )6(o)-4(n)2( Cellu)-4(lar Au)-4(to)-4(m)10(a)-1(ta for Research )]TJ -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw -14.6467 -1.1497 Td [(an)-5(d Ind)-5(u)-5(s)-3(t)6(r)-5(y, Lo)-5(ndo)-5(n)-5(: )6(Spr)-5(ing)-5(er)-5(-V)-5(er)-5(lag)-5(,)-4( )6(p)-5(.)2( 165)-5(-18)-5(3)1(, )6(1)-5(998)-5(. )]TJ -0.0009 Tc 0.0263 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Po)-4(rt)8(ug)-4(ali, J.; Ben)-4(enson)-4(, )6(I.; Omer, I. City: th)]TJ 0.0012 Tc 0.0242 Tw 17.6766 0 Td [(e gree)8(ns a)8(nd t)10(h)4(e bl)4(ues. )6(I)5(n)-2(:)4( Po)4(r)5(t)4(ugal)4(i)4(, J. e)8(d)-2(. )]TJ /TT27 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc 0.0233 Tw 17.3892 0 Td [(Se)9(l)5(f)5(-org)5(a)5(n)-1(i)5(z)2(at)5(i)5(o)5(n)5( an)5(d t)5(h)-1(e )]TJ -0.002 Tc 0 Tw -35.0659 -1.1497 Td (city)Tj /TT24 1 Tf 0.0001 Tc 0.0014 Tw 1.4371 0 Td [(, Berlin: S)5(p)3(ringer)4(-Ve)7(r)-2(lag,)5( )6(chap.5, )6(1999. )]TJ -0.0004 Tc 0.0258 Tw -1.4371 -1.6467 Td [(Ru)-3(m)11(elh)-3(art, D. )6(E.; Hin)-3(t)8(o)-3(n)3(, G. )6(E.; )6(W)-9(illia)-6(m)11(s, )-6(R. J. L)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0275 Tw 20.2575 0 Td [(earn)-5(ing)-5( )6(represen)-5(tatio)-5(n)-5(s)4( b)-5(y)1( b)-5(a)-1(ck)-5(-p)-5(rop)-5(a)5(g)-5(a)-1(tio)-5(n)-5( errors, )]TJ /TT27 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 20.9641 0 Td [(Na)-4(tu)-4(re)]TJ /TT24 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc 0.0172 Tw 2.7784 0 Td [(, v.)7( )]TJ -0.002 Tc -0.0025 Tw -44 -1.1437 Td [(3)-5(2)1(3)-5(,)3( )-6(p. 5)-5(33-)-4(536)-5(, 19)-5(86)-5( )]TJ 0.0016 Tc 0.3472 Tw T* [(Whi)4(t)4(e)2(, R)4(. )6(W.)6(;)4( Engel)4(e)2(n)5(, G.)6( C)4(e)2(l)4(l)4(u)-1(l)4(a)2(r aut)4(o)-1(m)13(a)2(t)4(on as t)4(h)-1(e basi)4(s of i)4(n)-1(t)10(e)2(grat)4(e)8(d)-1( dy)5(na)8(m)7(i)4(c regi)4(onal)4( m)13(odel)4(l)4(i)4(ng,)6( )]TJ /TT27 1 Tf -0.0021 Tc 0.0036 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(En)-5(vironm)-4(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plann)-5(ing)-5( )6(B)]TJ /TT24 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw 12.4491 0 Td [(, v)-4(.)3(2)-4(4)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 23)-4(5-)-4(246)-4(, 19)-4(97)-4(. )]TJ -0.0011 Tc 0.0026 Tw -12.4491 -1.5449 Td [(Wo)-4(l)7(fram)10(,)-3( S. )6(Un)-4(iv)-4(ersality an)-4(d co)-4(m)10(p)-4(lex)-4(ity in)-4( )6(cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(mata, )]TJ /TT27 1 Tf -0.0004 Tc 0 Tw 25.1916 0 Td [(Physic)6(a)]TJ /TT24 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc -0.0018 Tw 3.1617 0 Td [(, )-6(v. )-6(10)-6(D, p)-6(.)-4( 1)-6(-)1(35)-6(, 1)-6(984)-6(. )]TJ -0.0013 Tc 0.0747 Tw -28.3533 -1.6467 Td [(Wu, )6(F. )6(A li)7(n)-4(g)2(u)-4(i)1(stic cellu)-4(lar )6(au)-4(to)-4(m)10(a)-1(ta si)-5(m)10(u)-4(latio)-4(n)-4( ap)-4(proach)]TJ 0.0018 Tc 0.0716 Tw 23.6946 0 Td [( )6(fo)5(r s)8(u)-1(st)4(ai)4(na)9(b)5(l)4(e ur)6(ba)9(n )6(de)9(vel)4(opm)13(ent)4( i)4(n)-1( a)9( fa)9(st)4( g)5(ro)5(w)-1(i)4(n)5(g)5( )]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0 Tw -23.6946 -1.1497 Td [(regi)11(on)5(, )]TJ /TT27 1 Tf 0.0012 Tc 0.0003 Tw 3.0539 0 Td [(C)4(o)4(m)5(p)-2(u)4(t)4(ers, E)7(n)-2(vi)4(ro)4(nm)5(ent)4( a)4(n)4(d)-2( )6(Ur)7(ba)4(n )6(Syst)4(ems)]TJ /TT24 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0068 Tw 18.0479 0 Td [(, v. 2)5(0)-1(,)7( )-6(p.)7( )-6(3)5(6)5(7)-1(-)6(3)5(87)5(, 19)5(96)5(. )]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0.2629 Tw -21.1018 -1.6467 Td [(Wu)5(, F.;)5( )6(We)9(bs)8(t)5(e)3(r, C)4(.)1( J.)7( Si)5(m)8(u)-1(l)5(a)3(t)5(i)5(on )6(of)6( l)5(a)3(n)5(d)-1( de)9(vel)11(opm)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.2671 Tw 22.8743 0 Td [(en)-5(t th)-5(roug)-5(h)-5( t)6(h)-5(e in)-5(teg)-5(r)-4(ation)-5( )6(of cellu)-5(lar au)-5(tomata an)-5(d)-5( )]TJ -0.0011 Tc 0.0026 Tw -22.8743 -1.1497 Td [(m)10(u)-4(l)-5(ticriteria ev)-4(alu)-4(atio)-4(n)-4(,)]TJ /TT27 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0063 Tw 9.5928 0 Td [( )-6(E)8(n)-1(vi)4(r)8(o)-1(n)5(m)-1(e)9(n)-1(t)4(a)-1(l)4( an)5(d Pl)4(an)5(ni)4(n)5(g)-1( )-6(B)]TJ /TT24 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0068 Tw 12.6946 0 Td [(, v.)7(25)5(, p. 1)5(0)-1(3)5(-)6(12)5(6,)7( )-6(1)5(9)-1(9)5(8)-1(. )]TJ -0.001 Tc 0.0264 Tw -22.2874 -1.5449 Td [(Yeh, A. )6(G.; Li, X. )6(Sim)10(u)-4(lat)-5(i)1(o)-4(n)2( o)-4(f)3( d)-4(e)6(v)-4(elop)-4(m)10(e)-6(n)-4(t altern)-4(ativ)]TJ -0.0009 Tc 22.5749 0 Td [(es )6(u)-4(s)-1(ing)-4( )6(n)-4(eural network)-4(s)5(, cellu)-4(l)8(ar au)-4(t)8(o)-4(m)11(ata, a)-6(n)-4(d GIS )6(for )]TJ 0.0024 Tc -0.0069 Tw -22.5749 -1.1497 Td [(ur)6(ba)9(n pl)5(an)5(ni)5(n)5(g)5(,)1( )]TJ /TT27 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0003 Tw 6.515 0 Td [(P)8(hot)10(ogr)8(a)5(m)-1(m)5(e)3(t)4(r)2(i)4(c)3( Engi)10(neeri)10(n)-1(g)5( a)5(n)5(d)-1( Re)9(m)5(o)-1(t)4(e)3( Se)9(nsi)4(n)5(g)]TJ /TT24 1 Tf -0.0022 Tc 0.0037 Tw 20.5689 0 Td [(, v. )6(6)-5(9)1(, p)-5(.)2( 104)-5(3-1)-5(052)-5(, )6(2)-5(003)-5(. )]TJ ET endstream endobj 415 0 obj 11032 endobj 416 0 obj << /Length 417 0 R >> stream /CS14 cs 0 0 0 sc 1 i /RelativeColorimetric ri /GS14 gs BT /TT28 1 Tf 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 733.5803 Tm ( )Tj 0 -1.1497 TD ( )Tj 0 g ET /GS15 gs BT /T1_7 9 Tf 1 0 0 1 287.492 28.8 Tm (3705)Tj /CS14 cs 0 0 0 sc ET /GS14 gs BT /TT28 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0294 Tw 12 0 0 12 106.38 731.7203 Tm [(The land us)5(e change simulations w)8(e)-1(re accom)8(p)1(lished by tw)8(o types of stochastic tran)6(sition )]TJ -0.0002 Tc 0.2502 Tw -1.775 -1.15 Td [(algorithm)8(s)-1( \226 \223expander\224 and \223patcher\224 \226 wh)]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.2479 Tw 19.315 0 Td (ich operate changes through expansion and )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1232 Tw -19.315 -1.15 Td [(diffusion, respectively. These sim)8(u)1(lations were )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.1244 Tw 19.76 0 Td (validated according to)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1195 Tw 9.145 0 Td [( a )-10(m)8(u)1(ltiple resolution)6( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.1646 Tw -28.905 -1.15 Td [(fitting m)8(e)-1(thod \(Constan)5(za, 1989\), and the va)]TJ 0.1638 Tw 18.875 0 Td [(lu)5(es obtained for windows 3x3, 5x5 and 9x9)5( )]TJ 0.0296 Tw -18.875 -1.15 Td (were 0.862682, 0.864872, and 0.864644, respectively for S1, S2, and S3. \ It is observable that )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1095 Tw 0 -1.15 TD [(the land use transitions com)8(p)1(ly with econom)]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.1105 Tw 18.55 0 Td (ic theories of urban growth and change)Tj /TT29 1 Tf 0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 503.04 662.7203 Tm (, )Tj /TT28 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 12 0 0 12 509.4 662.7203 Tm (which )Tj 0.0007 Tc 0.0003 Tw -35.36 -1.15 Td [(m)9(axi)-6(m)9(i)-1(ze consum)9(ers\264 and m)9(arkets\264 utilities in)]TJ 0.001 Tc -0.0017 Tw 18.53 0 Td [( te)5(rm)9(s of real s)5(t)-1(ate p)6(r)-1(ic)5(es a)5(nd access)5(i)-1(bility. )]TJ /TT29 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw -18.53 -2.16 Td (7.)Tj /TT30 1 Tf 0.75 0 Td ( )Tj /TT29 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 0.75 0 Td (Conclusions )Tj /TT28 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0024 Tw -1.5 -1.64 Td (Cities are open and non-linear co)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.0045 Tw 13.27 0 Td [(m)8(p)1(lex system)8(s. ANN though proved )]TJ 0.0009 Tc 0.0007 Tw 14.91 0 Td (to have the cap)Tj 0.0007 Tc -0.0007 Tw 6.03 0 Td (ability to )Tj 0.0002 Tc 0.1298 Tw -34.21 -1.15 Td (model non-linear features and handle well the )Tj 0.0001 Tc 19.49 0 Td [(uncertainties of spatial data. ANN h)-5(a)-1(ve two )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.0185 Tw -19.49 -1.15 Td [(m)8(a)-1(in disadvantages: they are black-box devises and )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0198 Tw 21.115 0 Td [(the user\264s intervention is still decisive for)-7( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.0896 Tw -21.115 -1.15 Td (the results quality. Further studies are needed )Tj 0.0897 Tw 19.025 0 Td (to assess the responsiveness of the simulation )Tj 0.0005 Tc -0.0011 Tw -19.025 -1.15 Td [(outputs in)6( face of changes in the type,)6( structur)]TJ 0.0007 Tc -0.0023 Tw 18.47 0 Td [(e an)6(d internal param)9(ete)]TJ 0.0004 Tc -0.0004 Tw 9.35 0 Td [(rs of the network.)5( )]TJ /TT29 1 Tf 0.0007 Tc 0 Tw -27.82 -2.16 Td [(References)5( )]TJ /TT28 1 Tf -0.0011 Tc 0.0146 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 504.3803 Tm [(Batty, M; Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, H.; Eichen)-4(, M. Urban)-4( )6(syste)-6(m)10(s as cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata,)]TJ /TT31 1 Tf -0.0022 Tc 0.0157 Tw 29 0 Td [( E)-8(n)-5(vironm)-5(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plan)-5(n)-5(i)6(ng)-5( B)]TJ /TT28 1 Tf 0.0025 Tc 0.011 Tw 12.7605 0 Td [(,)7( v.)7(2)6(4, )6(p.)13( )]TJ -0.0026 Tc -0.0019 Tw -41.7605 -1.1497 Td [(1)-6(59-)-5(164)-6(, 19)-6(97)-6(. )]TJ -0.0018 Tc 0.0811 Tw 0 -1.6467 TD [(Co)-5(n)-5(s)-2(tan)-5(za, R. )6(Mo)-5(d)-5(e)-1(l goo)-5(dn)-5(ess o)-5(f)-4( fit: a )-6(m)10(u)-5(ltip)-5(le reso)-5(lu)-5(tion p)-5(r)2(o)-5(cedu)-5(r)-4(e, )]TJ /TT31 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0817 Tw 28.9461 0 Td [(Eco)-5(log)-5(ica)-5(l Mod)-5(e)4(llin)-5(g)]TJ /TT28 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.0749 Tw 8.7545 0 Td [(, )-6(v)-4(.)3(47)-4(, p)-4(.)-3( 1)-4(99-)-4(215)-4(,)-9( )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0 Tw -37.7006 -1.1437 Td [(1)-4(989)-4(. )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0.062 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, )6(H. )6(Cellu)-4(lar wo)-4(rl)8(ds: a fram)11(ewo)-4(rk for m)11(o)-4(d)-4(ellin)-4(g micro)-4(-)-3(m)11(acro)-4( )6(d)-4(y)2(n)-4(am)11(i)2(cs, )]TJ /TT31 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0.0641 Tw 33.5569 0 Td [(En)-6(viro)-6(nm)-5(en)-6(ta)-6(l and)-6( Plann)-6(ing)-6( )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw -33.5569 -1.1497 Td (A)Tj /TT28 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw 0.6108 0 Td [(, v)-4(.)3(1)-4(7)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 58)-4(5-)-4(596)-4(, 19)-4(85)-4(. )]TJ -0.0005 Tc 0.0559 Tw -0.6108 -1.6467 Td [(Dead)-3(m)11(an)-3(,)-2( P.; )6(Brown, R. )6(D.; )6(Gim)11(b)-3(let)-4(t)2(, P. M)8(o)-3(d)-3(elling)-3( )6(rura)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0575 Tw 23.0838 0 Td [(l resid)-5(e)-1(n)-5(tial settle)-7(m)9(e)-1(n)-5(t p)-5(a)-1(tterns with)-5( cellu)-5(lar au)-5(to)-5(m)9(a)-1(ta,)-10( )]TJ /TT31 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc -0.0006 Tw -23.0838 -1.1497 Td [(Jou)5(r)2(n)5(a)-1(l)5( )6(of)5( Env)9(i)5(ron)5(me)9(n)-1(t)5(a)-1(l)5( M)9(a)5(na)5(ge)9(ment)]TJ /TT28 1 Tf -0.0018 Tc -0.0027 Tw 15.7784 0 Td [(, )-6( v)-5(.)-3( 37)-5(, p)-5(.)3( )-6(147)-5(-16)-5(0)1(, 1)-5(993)-5(. )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0492 Tw -15.7784 -10.7784 Td [(Li, X.; )6(Ye)7(h, )6(A. G. Ne)7(ural-net)9(work-base)7(d)-3( cellular aut)9(o)-3(m)12(a)]TJ 0.0018 Tc 0.0476 Tw 23.1737 0 Td [(t)4(a)3( )-6(fo)5(r si)4(m)13(u)-1(l)4(a)3(t)4(i)4(ng m)13(u)-1(lt)4(i)4(p)-1(l)4(e)3( l)4(a)3(nd )6(use c)9(h)-1(an)5(ges )6(us)8(i)4(ng )6(GI)6(S)7(,)6( )]TJ /TT31 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0039 Tw -23.1737 -1.1437 Td [(In)-5(tern)-5(a)-5(tiona)-5(l Jo)-5(u)-5(r)4(na)-5(l )6(o)-5(f Geogra)-5(p)1(h)-5(ica)-5(l In)-5(fo)-5(rma)-5(tion)-5( )6(S)-5(c)-2(ience)]TJ /TT28 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc -0.003 Tw 23.7485 0 Td [(, )-6(v. 1)-4(6)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 32)-4(3-3)-4(4)2(3)-4(,)3( )-6(200)-4(2. )]TJ -0.0009 Tc 0.0144 Tw -23.7485 -1.5509 Td [(Pap)-4(i)2(n)-4(i)2(, L.; Rabin)-4(o)-4(,)-2( )6(G. A.; Co)-4(lo)-4(nn)-4(a, )6(A.; Di Stefano)-4(,)-2( )6(V.; Lo)]TJ -0.0008 Tc 23.479 0 Td [(m)11(b)-4(ardo)-4(, S. Learn)-4(i)2(ng)-4( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(to)-4(m)11(ata in)-4( a re)-6(al wo)-4(rl)8(d)-4(:)2( )]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.0988 Tw -23.479 -1.1437 Td [(th)-4(e case stud)-4(y)8( o)-4(f)-4( t)7(h)-4(e Ro)-4(m)10(e)-1( metro)-4(p)2(o)-4(litan)-4( area. In)-4(: Band)-4(i)7(n)-4(i,)]TJ -0.0007 Tc 0.098 Tw 24.1856 0 Td [( S.; Serra, )6(R; Liv)-4(eran)-4(i)2(, )6(F. S. ed. Cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)8(o)-4(m)11(ata)-6(:)-4( )]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.1152 Tw -24.1856 -1.1497 Td [(researc)7(h)-3( t)9(o)-3(wa)7(rds industry. )]TJ /TT31 1 Tf -0.004 Tc 0 Tw 11.0958 0 Td [(ACR)-4(I)-6(\2649)-7(6)]TJ /TT28 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.1168 Tw 3.5509 0 Td [(: )6(Pro)-4(c)-1(eed)-4(i)1(ng)-4(s )6(o)-4(f)2( th)-4(e )6(Th)-4(ird)-4( C)7(o)-4(nferen)-4(ce )6(o)-4(n)2( Cellu)-4(lar Au)-4(to)-4(m)10(a)-1(ta for Research )]TJ -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw -14.6467 -1.1497 Td [(an)-5(d Ind)-5(u)-5(s)-3(t)6(r)-5(y, Lo)-5(ndo)-5(n)-5(: )6(Spr)-5(ing)-5(er)-5(-V)-5(er)-5(lag)-5(,)-4( )6(p)-5(.)2( 165)-5(-18)-5(3)1(, )6(1)-5(998)-5(. )]TJ -0.0009 Tc 0.0263 Tw T* [(Po)-4(rt)8(ug)-4(ali, J.; Ben)-4(enson)-4(, )6(I.; Omer, I. City: th)]TJ 0.0012 Tc 0.0242 Tw 17.6766 0 Td [(e gree)8(ns a)8(nd t)10(h)4(e bl)4(ues. )6(I)5(n)-2(:)4( Po)4(r)5(t)4(ugal)4(i)4(, J. e)8(d)-2(. )]TJ /TT31 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc 0.0233 Tw 17.3892 0 Td [(Se)9(l)5(f)5(-org)5(a)5(n)-1(i)5(z)2(at)5(i)5(o)5(n)5( an)5(d t)5(h)-1(e )]TJ -0.002 Tc 0 Tw -35.0659 -1.1497 Td (city)Tj /TT28 1 Tf 0.0001 Tc 0.0014 Tw 1.4371 0 Td [(, Berlin: S)5(p)3(ringer)4(-Ve)7(r)-2(lag,)5( )6(chap.5, )6(1999. )]TJ -0.0004 Tc 0.0258 Tw -1.4371 -1.6467 Td [(Ru)-3(m)11(elh)-3(art, D. )6(E.; Hin)-3(t)8(o)-3(n)3(, G. )6(E.; )6(W)-9(illia)-6(m)11(s, )-6(R. J. L)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0275 Tw 20.2575 0 Td [(earn)-5(ing)-5( )6(represen)-5(tatio)-5(n)-5(s)4( b)-5(y)1( b)-5(a)-1(ck)-5(-p)-5(rop)-5(a)5(g)-5(a)-1(tio)-5(n)-5( errors, )]TJ /TT31 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 20.9641 0 Td [(Na)-4(tu)-4(re)]TJ /TT28 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc 0.0172 Tw 2.7784 0 Td [(, v.)7( )]TJ -0.002 Tc -0.0025 Tw -44 -1.1437 Td [(3)-5(2)1(3)-5(,)3( )-6(p. 5)-5(33-)-4(536)-5(, 19)-5(86)-5( )]TJ 0.0016 Tc 0.3472 Tw T* [(Whi)4(t)4(e)2(, R)4(. )6(W.)6(;)4( Engel)4(e)2(n)5(, G.)6( C)4(e)2(l)4(l)4(u)-1(l)4(a)2(r aut)4(o)-1(m)13(a)2(t)4(on as t)4(h)-1(e basi)4(s of i)4(n)-1(t)10(e)2(grat)4(e)8(d)-1( dy)5(na)8(m)7(i)4(c regi)4(onal)4( m)13(odel)4(l)4(i)4(ng,)6( )]TJ /TT31 1 Tf -0.0021 Tc 0.0036 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(En)-5(vironm)-4(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plann)-5(ing)-5( )6(B)]TJ /TT28 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw 12.4491 0 Td [(, v)-4(.)3(2)-4(4)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 23)-4(5-)-4(246)-4(, 19)-4(97)-4(. )]TJ -0.0011 Tc 0.0026 Tw -12.4491 -1.5449 Td [(Wo)-4(l)7(fram)10(,)-3( S. )6(Un)-4(iv)-4(ersality an)-4(d co)-4(m)10(p)-4(lex)-4(ity in)-4( )6(cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(mata, )]TJ /TT31 1 Tf -0.0004 Tc 0 Tw 25.1916 0 Td [(Physic)6(a)]TJ /TT28 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc -0.0018 Tw 3.1617 0 Td [(, )-6(v. )-6(10)-6(D, p)-6(.)-4( 1)-6(-)1(35)-6(, 1)-6(984)-6(. )]TJ -0.0013 Tc 0.0747 Tw -28.3533 -1.6467 Td [(Wu, )6(F. )6(A li)7(n)-4(g)2(u)-4(i)1(stic cellu)-4(lar )6(au)-4(to)-4(m)10(a)-1(ta si)-5(m)10(u)-4(latio)-4(n)-4( ap)-4(proach)]TJ 0.0018 Tc 0.0716 Tw 23.6946 0 Td [( )6(fo)5(r s)8(u)-1(st)4(ai)4(na)9(b)5(l)4(e ur)6(ba)9(n )6(de)9(vel)4(opm)13(ent)4( i)4(n)-1( a)9( fa)9(st)4( g)5(ro)5(w)-1(i)4(n)5(g)5( )]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0 Tw -23.6946 -1.1497 Td [(regi)11(on)5(, )]TJ /TT31 1 Tf 0.0012 Tc 0.0003 Tw 3.0539 0 Td [(C)4(o)4(m)5(p)-2(u)4(t)4(ers, E)7(n)-2(vi)4(ro)4(nm)5(ent)4( a)4(n)4(d)-2( )6(Ur)7(ba)4(n )6(Syst)4(ems)]TJ /TT28 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0068 Tw 18.0479 0 Td [(, v. 2)5(0)-1(,)7( )-6(p.)7( )-6(3)5(6)5(7)-1(-)6(3)5(87)5(, 19)5(96)5(. )]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0.2629 Tw -21.1018 -1.6467 Td [(Wu)5(, F.;)5( )6(We)9(bs)8(t)5(e)3(r, C)4(.)1( J.)7( Si)5(m)8(u)-1(l)5(a)3(t)5(i)5(on )6(of)6( l)5(a)3(n)5(d)-1( de)9(vel)11(opm)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.2671 Tw 22.8743 0 Td [(en)-5(t th)-5(roug)-5(h)-5( t)6(h)-5(e in)-5(teg)-5(r)-4(ation)-5( )6(of cellu)-5(lar au)-5(tomata an)-5(d)-5( )]TJ -0.0011 Tc 0.0026 Tw -22.8743 -1.1497 Td [(m)10(u)-4(l)-5(ticriteria ev)-4(alu)-4(atio)-4(n)-4(,)]TJ /TT31 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0063 Tw 9.5928 0 Td [( )-6(E)8(n)-1(vi)4(r)8(o)-1(n)5(m)-1(e)9(n)-1(t)4(a)-1(l)4( an)5(d Pl)4(an)5(ni)4(n)5(g)-1( )-6(B)]TJ /TT28 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0068 Tw 12.6946 0 Td [(, v.)7(25)5(, p. 1)5(0)-1(3)5(-)6(12)5(6,)7( )-6(1)5(9)-1(9)5(8)-1(. )]TJ -0.001 Tc 0.0264 Tw -22.2874 -1.5449 Td [(Yeh, A. )6(G.; Li, X. )6(Sim)10(u)-4(lat)-5(i)1(o)-4(n)2( o)-4(f)3( d)-4(e)6(v)-4(elop)-4(m)10(e)-6(n)-4(t altern)-4(ativ)]TJ -0.0009 Tc 22.5749 0 Td [(es )6(u)-4(s)-1(ing)-4( )6(n)-4(eural network)-4(s)5(, cellu)-4(l)8(ar au)-4(t)8(o)-4(m)11(ata, a)-6(n)-4(d GIS )6(for )]TJ 0.0024 Tc -0.0069 Tw -22.5749 -1.1497 Td [(ur)6(ba)9(n pl)5(an)5(ni)5(n)5(g)5(,)1( )]TJ /TT31 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0003 Tw 6.515 0 Td [(P)8(hot)10(ogr)8(a)5(m)-1(m)5(e)3(t)4(r)2(i)4(c)3( Engi)10(neeri)10(n)-1(g)5( a)5(n)5(d)-1( Re)9(m)5(o)-1(t)4(e)3( Se)9(nsi)4(n)5(g)]TJ /TT28 1 Tf -0.0022 Tc 0.0037 Tw 20.5689 0 Td [(, v. )6(6)-5(9)1(, p)-5(.)2( 104)-5(3-1)-5(052)-5(, )6(2)-5(003)-5(. )]TJ ET endstream endobj 417 0 obj 10713 endobj 418 0 obj << /Length 419 0 R >> stream /CS16 cs 0 0 0 sc 1 i /RelativeColorimetric ri /GS16 gs BT /TT32 1 Tf 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 733.5803 Tm ( )Tj 0 -1.1497 TD ( )Tj 0 g ET /GS17 gs BT /T1_8 9 Tf 1 0 0 1 287.492 28.8 Tm (3705)Tj /CS16 cs 0 0 0 sc ET /GS16 gs BT /TT32 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0294 Tw 12 0 0 12 106.38 731.7203 Tm [(The land us)5(e change simulations w)8(e)-1(re accom)8(p)1(lished by tw)8(o types of stochastic tran)6(sition )]TJ -0.0002 Tc 0.2502 Tw -1.775 -1.15 Td [(algorithm)8(s)-1( \226 \223expander\224 and \223patcher\224 \226 wh)]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.2479 Tw 19.315 0 Td (ich operate changes through expansion and )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1232 Tw -19.315 -1.15 Td [(diffusion, respectively. These sim)8(u)1(lations were )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.1244 Tw 19.76 0 Td (validated according to)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1195 Tw 9.145 0 Td [( a )-10(m)8(u)1(ltiple resolution)6( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.1646 Tw -28.905 -1.15 Td [(fitting m)8(e)-1(thod \(Constan)5(za, 1989\), and the va)]TJ 0.1638 Tw 18.875 0 Td [(lu)5(es obtained for windows 3x3, 5x5 and 9x9)5( )]TJ 0.0296 Tw -18.875 -1.15 Td (were 0.862682, 0.864872, and 0.864644, respectively for S1, S2, and S3. \ It is observable that )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1095 Tw 0 -1.15 TD [(the land use transitions com)8(p)1(ly with econom)]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.1105 Tw 18.55 0 Td (ic theories of urban growth and change)Tj /TT33 1 Tf 0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 503.04 662.7203 Tm (, )Tj /TT32 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 12 0 0 12 509.4 662.7203 Tm (which )Tj 0.0007 Tc 0.0003 Tw -35.36 -1.15 Td [(m)9(axi)-6(m)9(i)-1(ze consum)9(ers\264 and m)9(arkets\264 utilities in)]TJ 0.001 Tc -0.0017 Tw 18.53 0 Td [( te)5(rm)9(s of real s)5(t)-1(ate p)6(r)-1(ic)5(es a)5(nd access)5(i)-1(bility. )]TJ /TT33 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw -18.53 -2.16 Td (7.)Tj /TT34 1 Tf 0.75 0 Td ( )Tj /TT33 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 0.75 0 Td (Conclusions )Tj /TT32 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0024 Tw -1.5 -1.64 Td (Cities are open and non-linear co)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.0045 Tw 13.27 0 Td [(m)8(p)1(lex system)8(s. ANN though proved )]TJ 0.0009 Tc 0.0007 Tw 14.91 0 Td (to have the cap)Tj 0.0007 Tc -0.0007 Tw 6.03 0 Td (ability to )Tj 0.0002 Tc 0.1298 Tw -34.21 -1.15 Td (model non-linear features and handle well the )Tj 0.0001 Tc 19.49 0 Td [(uncertainties of spatial data. ANN h)-5(a)-1(ve two )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.0185 Tw -19.49 -1.15 Td [(m)8(a)-1(in disadvantages: they are black-box devises and )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0198 Tw 21.115 0 Td [(the user\264s intervention is still decisive for)-7( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.0896 Tw -21.115 -1.15 Td (the results quality. Further studies are needed )Tj 0.0897 Tw 19.025 0 Td (to assess the responsiveness of the simulation )Tj 0.0005 Tc -0.0011 Tw -19.025 -1.15 Td [(outputs in)6( face of changes in the type,)6( structur)]TJ 0.0007 Tc -0.0023 Tw 18.47 0 Td [(e an)6(d internal param)9(ete)]TJ 0.0004 Tc -0.0004 Tw 9.35 0 Td [(rs of the network.)5( )]TJ /TT33 1 Tf 0.0007 Tc 0 Tw -27.82 -2.16 Td [(References)5( )]TJ /TT32 1 Tf -0.0011 Tc 0.0146 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 504.3803 Tm [(Batty, M; Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, H.; Eichen)-4(, M. Urban)-4( )6(syste)-6(m)10(s as cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata,)]TJ /TT35 1 Tf -0.0022 Tc 0.0157 Tw 29 0 Td [( E)-8(n)-5(vironm)-5(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plan)-5(n)-5(i)6(ng)-5( B)]TJ /TT32 1 Tf 0.0025 Tc 0.011 Tw 12.7605 0 Td [(,)7( v.)7(2)6(4, )6(p.)13( )]TJ -0.0026 Tc -0.0019 Tw -41.7605 -1.1497 Td [(1)-6(59-)-5(164)-6(, 19)-6(97)-6(. )]TJ -0.0018 Tc 0.0811 Tw 0 -1.6467 TD [(Co)-5(n)-5(s)-2(tan)-5(za, R. )6(Mo)-5(d)-5(e)-1(l goo)-5(dn)-5(ess o)-5(f)-4( fit: a )-6(m)10(u)-5(ltip)-5(le reso)-5(lu)-5(tion p)-5(r)2(o)-5(cedu)-5(r)-4(e, )]TJ /TT35 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0817 Tw 28.9461 0 Td [(Eco)-5(log)-5(ica)-5(l Mod)-5(e)4(llin)-5(g)]TJ /TT32 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.0749 Tw 8.7545 0 Td [(, )-6(v)-4(.)3(47)-4(, p)-4(.)-3( 1)-4(99-)-4(215)-4(,)-9( )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0 Tw -37.7006 -1.1437 Td [(1)-4(989)-4(. )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0.062 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, )6(H. )6(Cellu)-4(lar wo)-4(rl)8(ds: a fram)11(ewo)-4(rk for m)11(o)-4(d)-4(ellin)-4(g micro)-4(-)-3(m)11(acro)-4( )6(d)-4(y)2(n)-4(am)11(i)2(cs, )]TJ /TT35 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0.0641 Tw 33.5569 0 Td [(En)-6(viro)-6(nm)-5(en)-6(ta)-6(l and)-6( Plann)-6(ing)-6( )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw -33.5569 -1.1497 Td (A)Tj /TT32 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw 0.6108 0 Td [(, v)-4(.)3(1)-4(7)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 58)-4(5-)-4(596)-4(, 19)-4(85)-4(. )]TJ -0.0005 Tc 0.0559 Tw -0.6108 -1.6467 Td [(Dead)-3(m)11(an)-3(,)-2( P.; )6(Brown, R. )6(D.; )6(Gim)11(b)-3(let)-4(t)2(, P. M)8(o)-3(d)-3(elling)-3( )6(rura)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0575 Tw 23.0838 0 Td [(l resid)-5(e)-1(n)-5(tial settle)-7(m)9(e)-1(n)-5(t p)-5(a)-1(tterns with)-5( cellu)-5(lar au)-5(to)-5(m)9(a)-1(ta,)-10( )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0492 Tw -23.0838 -11.9281 Td [(Li, X.; )6(Ye)7(h, )6(A. G. Ne)7(ural-net)9(work-base)7(d)-3( cellular aut)9(o)-3(m)12(a)]TJ 0.0018 Tc 0.0476 Tw 23.1737 0 Td [(t)4(a)3( )-6(fo)5(r si)4(m)13(u)-1(l)4(a)3(t)4(i)4(ng m)13(u)-1(lt)4(i)4(p)-1(l)4(e)3( l)4(a)3(nd )6(use c)9(h)-1(an)5(ges )6(us)8(i)4(ng )6(GI)6(S)7(,)6( )]TJ /TT35 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0039 Tw -23.1737 -1.1437 Td [(In)-5(tern)-5(a)-5(tiona)-5(l Jo)-5(u)-5(r)4(na)-5(l )6(o)-5(f Geogra)-5(p)1(h)-5(ica)-5(l In)-5(fo)-5(rma)-5(tion)-5( )6(S)-5(c)-2(ience)]TJ /TT32 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc -0.003 Tw 23.7485 0 Td [(, )-6(v. 1)-4(6)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 32)-4(3-3)-4(4)2(3)-4(,)3( )-6(200)-4(2. )]TJ -0.0009 Tc 0.0144 Tw -23.7485 -1.5509 Td [(Pap)-4(i)2(n)-4(i)2(, L.; Rabin)-4(o)-4(,)-2( )6(G. A.; Co)-4(lo)-4(nn)-4(a, )6(A.; Di Stefano)-4(,)-2( )6(V.; Lo)]TJ -0.0008 Tc 23.479 0 Td [(m)11(b)-4(ardo)-4(, S. Learn)-4(i)2(ng)-4( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(to)-4(m)11(ata in)-4( a re)-6(al wo)-4(rl)8(d)-4(:)2( )]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.0988 Tw -23.479 -1.1437 Td [(th)-4(e case stud)-4(y)8( o)-4(f)-4( t)7(h)-4(e Ro)-4(m)10(e)-1( metro)-4(p)2(o)-4(litan)-4( area. In)-4(: Band)-4(i)7(n)-4(i,)]TJ -0.0007 Tc 0.098 Tw 24.1856 0 Td [( S.; Serra, )6(R; Liv)-4(eran)-4(i)2(, )6(F. S. ed. Cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)8(o)-4(m)11(ata)-6(:)-4( )]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.1152 Tw -24.1856 -1.1497 Td [(researc)7(h)-3( t)9(o)-3(wa)7(rds industry. )]TJ /TT35 1 Tf -0.004 Tc 0 Tw 11.0958 0 Td [(ACR)-4(I)-6(\2649)-7(6)]TJ /TT32 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.1168 Tw 3.5509 0 Td [(: )6(Pro)-4(c)-1(eed)-4(i)1(ng)-4(s )6(o)-4(f)2( th)-4(e )6(Th)-4(ird)-4( C)7(o)-4(nferen)-4(ce )6(o)-4(n)2( Cellu)-4(lar Au)-4(to)-4(m)10(a)-1(ta for Research )]TJ -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw -14.6467 -1.1497 Td [(an)-5(d Ind)-5(u)-5(s)-3(t)6(r)-5(y, Lo)-5(ndo)-5(n)-5(: )6(Spr)-5(ing)-5(er)-5(-V)-5(er)-5(lag)-5(,)-4( )6(p)-5(.)2( 165)-5(-18)-5(3)1(, )6(1)-5(998)-5(. )]TJ -0.0009 Tc 0.0263 Tw T* [(Po)-4(rt)8(ug)-4(ali, J.; Ben)-4(enson)-4(, )6(I.; Omer, I. City: th)]TJ 0.0012 Tc 0.0242 Tw 17.6766 0 Td [(e gree)8(ns a)8(nd t)10(h)4(e bl)4(ues. )6(I)5(n)-2(:)4( Po)4(r)5(t)4(ugal)4(i)4(, J. e)8(d)-2(. )]TJ /TT35 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc 0.0233 Tw 17.3892 0 Td [(Se)9(l)5(f)5(-org)5(a)5(n)-1(i)5(z)2(at)5(i)5(o)5(n)5( an)5(d t)5(h)-1(e )]TJ -0.002 Tc 0 Tw -35.0659 -1.1497 Td (city)Tj /TT32 1 Tf 0.0001 Tc 0.0014 Tw 1.4371 0 Td [(, Berlin: S)5(p)3(ringer)4(-Ve)7(r)-2(lag,)5( )6(chap.5, )6(1999. )]TJ -0.0004 Tc 0.0258 Tw -1.4371 -1.6467 Td [(Ru)-3(m)11(elh)-3(art, D. )6(E.; Hin)-3(t)8(o)-3(n)3(, G. )6(E.; )6(W)-9(illia)-6(m)11(s, )-6(R. J. L)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0275 Tw 20.2575 0 Td [(earn)-5(ing)-5( )6(represen)-5(tatio)-5(n)-5(s)4( b)-5(y)1( b)-5(a)-1(ck)-5(-p)-5(rop)-5(a)5(g)-5(a)-1(tio)-5(n)-5( errors, )]TJ /TT35 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 20.9641 0 Td [(Na)-4(tu)-4(re)]TJ /TT32 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc 0.0172 Tw 2.7784 0 Td [(, v.)7( )]TJ -0.002 Tc -0.0025 Tw -44 -1.1437 Td [(3)-5(2)1(3)-5(,)3( )-6(p. 5)-5(33-)-4(536)-5(, 19)-5(86)-5( )]TJ 0.0016 Tc 0.3472 Tw T* [(Whi)4(t)4(e)2(, R)4(. )6(W.)6(;)4( Engel)4(e)2(n)5(, G.)6( C)4(e)2(l)4(l)4(u)-1(l)4(a)2(r aut)4(o)-1(m)13(a)2(t)4(on as t)4(h)-1(e basi)4(s of i)4(n)-1(t)10(e)2(grat)4(e)8(d)-1( dy)5(na)8(m)7(i)4(c regi)4(onal)4( m)13(odel)4(l)4(i)4(ng,)6( )]TJ /TT35 1 Tf -0.0021 Tc 0.0036 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(En)-5(vironm)-4(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plann)-5(ing)-5( )6(B)]TJ /TT32 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw 12.4491 0 Td [(, v)-4(.)3(2)-4(4)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 23)-4(5-)-4(246)-4(, 19)-4(97)-4(. )]TJ -0.0011 Tc 0.0026 Tw -12.4491 -1.5449 Td [(Wo)-4(l)7(fram)10(,)-3( S. )6(Un)-4(iv)-4(ersality an)-4(d co)-4(m)10(p)-4(lex)-4(ity in)-4( )6(cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(mata, )]TJ /TT35 1 Tf -0.0004 Tc 0 Tw 25.1916 0 Td [(Physic)6(a)]TJ /TT32 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc -0.0018 Tw 3.1617 0 Td [(, )-6(v. )-6(10)-6(D, p)-6(.)-4( 1)-6(-)1(35)-6(, 1)-6(984)-6(. )]TJ -0.0013 Tc 0.0747 Tw -28.3533 -1.6467 Td [(Wu, )6(F. )6(A li)7(n)-4(g)2(u)-4(i)1(stic cellu)-4(lar )6(au)-4(to)-4(m)10(a)-1(ta si)-5(m)10(u)-4(latio)-4(n)-4( ap)-4(proach)]TJ 0.0018 Tc 0.0716 Tw 23.6946 0 Td [( )6(fo)5(r s)8(u)-1(st)4(ai)4(na)9(b)5(l)4(e ur)6(ba)9(n )6(de)9(vel)4(opm)13(ent)4( i)4(n)-1( a)9( fa)9(st)4( g)5(ro)5(w)-1(i)4(n)5(g)5( )]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0 Tw -23.6946 -1.1497 Td [(regi)11(on)5(, )]TJ /TT35 1 Tf 0.0012 Tc 0.0003 Tw 3.0539 0 Td [(C)4(o)4(m)5(p)-2(u)4(t)4(ers, E)7(n)-2(vi)4(ro)4(nm)5(ent)4( a)4(n)4(d)-2( )6(Ur)7(ba)4(n )6(Syst)4(ems)]TJ /TT32 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0068 Tw 18.0479 0 Td [(, v. 2)5(0)-1(,)7( )-6(p.)7( )-6(3)5(6)5(7)-1(-)6(3)5(87)5(, 19)5(96)5(. )]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0.2629 Tw -21.1018 -1.6467 Td [(Wu)5(, F.;)5( )6(We)9(bs)8(t)5(e)3(r, C)4(.)1( J.)7( Si)5(m)8(u)-1(l)5(a)3(t)5(i)5(on )6(of)6( l)5(a)3(n)5(d)-1( de)9(vel)11(opm)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.2671 Tw 22.8743 0 Td [(en)-5(t th)-5(roug)-5(h)-5( t)6(h)-5(e in)-5(teg)-5(r)-4(ation)-5( )6(of cellu)-5(lar au)-5(tomata an)-5(d)-5( )]TJ -0.0011 Tc 0.0026 Tw -22.8743 -1.1497 Td [(m)10(u)-4(l)-5(ticriteria ev)-4(alu)-4(atio)-4(n)-4(,)]TJ /TT35 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0063 Tw 9.5928 0 Td [( )-6(E)8(n)-1(vi)4(r)8(o)-1(n)5(m)-1(e)9(n)-1(t)4(a)-1(l)4( an)5(d Pl)4(an)5(ni)4(n)5(g)-1( )-6(B)]TJ /TT32 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0068 Tw 12.6946 0 Td [(, v.)7(25)5(, p. 1)5(0)-1(3)5(-)6(12)5(6,)7( )-6(1)5(9)-1(9)5(8)-1(. )]TJ -0.001 Tc 0.0264 Tw -22.2874 -1.5449 Td [(Yeh, A. )6(G.; Li, X. )6(Sim)10(u)-4(lat)-5(i)1(o)-4(n)2( o)-4(f)3( d)-4(e)6(v)-4(elop)-4(m)10(e)-6(n)-4(t altern)-4(ativ)]TJ -0.0009 Tc 22.5749 0 Td [(es )6(u)-4(s)-1(ing)-4( )6(n)-4(eural network)-4(s)5(, cellu)-4(l)8(ar au)-4(t)8(o)-4(m)11(ata, a)-6(n)-4(d GIS )6(for )]TJ 0.0024 Tc -0.0069 Tw -22.5749 -1.1497 Td [(ur)6(ba)9(n pl)5(an)5(ni)5(n)5(g)5(,)1( )]TJ /TT35 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0003 Tw 6.515 0 Td [(P)8(hot)10(ogr)8(a)5(m)-1(m)5(e)3(t)4(r)2(i)4(c)3( Engi)10(neeri)10(n)-1(g)5( a)5(n)5(d)-1( Re)9(m)5(o)-1(t)4(e)3( Se)9(nsi)4(n)5(g)]TJ /TT32 1 Tf -0.0022 Tc 0.0037 Tw 20.5689 0 Td [(, v. )6(6)-5(9)1(, p)-5(.)2( 104)-5(3-1)-5(052)-5(, )6(2)-5(003)-5(. )]TJ ET endstream endobj 419 0 obj 10432 endobj 420 0 obj << /Length 421 0 R >> stream /CS18 cs 0 0 0 sc 1 i /RelativeColorimetric ri /GS18 gs BT /TT36 1 Tf 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 733.5803 Tm ( )Tj 0 -1.1497 TD ( )Tj 0 g ET /GS19 gs BT /T1_9 9 Tf 1 0 0 1 287.492 28.8 Tm (3705)Tj /CS18 cs 0 0 0 sc ET /GS18 gs BT /TT36 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0294 Tw 12 0 0 12 106.38 731.7203 Tm [(The land us)5(e change simulations w)8(e)-1(re accom)8(p)1(lished by tw)8(o types of stochastic tran)6(sition )]TJ -0.0002 Tc 0.2502 Tw -1.775 -1.15 Td [(algorithm)8(s)-1( \226 \223expander\224 and \223patcher\224 \226 wh)]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.2479 Tw 19.315 0 Td (ich operate changes through expansion and )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1232 Tw -19.315 -1.15 Td [(diffusion, respectively. These sim)8(u)1(lations were )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.1244 Tw 19.76 0 Td (validated according to)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1195 Tw 9.145 0 Td [( a )-10(m)8(u)1(ltiple resolution)6( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.1646 Tw -28.905 -1.15 Td [(fitting m)8(e)-1(thod \(Constan)5(za, 1989\), and the va)]TJ 0.1638 Tw 18.875 0 Td [(lu)5(es obtained for windows 3x3, 5x5 and 9x9)5( )]TJ 0.0296 Tw -18.875 -1.15 Td (were 0.862682, 0.864872, and 0.864644, respectively for S1, S2, and S3. \ It is observable that )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1095 Tw 0 -1.15 TD [(the land use transitions com)8(p)1(ly with econom)]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.1105 Tw 18.55 0 Td (ic theories of urban growth and change)Tj /TT37 1 Tf 0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 503.04 662.7203 Tm (, )Tj /TT36 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 12 0 0 12 509.4 662.7203 Tm (which )Tj 0.0007 Tc 0.0003 Tw -35.36 -1.15 Td [(m)9(axi)-6(m)9(i)-1(ze consum)9(ers\264 and m)9(arkets\264 utilities in)]TJ 0.001 Tc -0.0017 Tw 18.53 0 Td [( te)5(rm)9(s of real s)5(t)-1(ate p)6(r)-1(ic)5(es a)5(nd access)5(i)-1(bility. )]TJ /TT37 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw -18.53 -2.16 Td (7.)Tj /TT38 1 Tf 0.75 0 Td ( )Tj /TT37 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 0.75 0 Td (Conclusions )Tj /TT36 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0024 Tw -1.5 -1.64 Td (Cities are open and non-linear co)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.0045 Tw 13.27 0 Td [(m)8(p)1(lex system)8(s. ANN though proved )]TJ 0.0009 Tc 0.0007 Tw 14.91 0 Td (to have the cap)Tj 0.0007 Tc -0.0007 Tw 6.03 0 Td (ability to )Tj 0.0002 Tc 0.1298 Tw -34.21 -1.15 Td (model non-linear features and handle well the )Tj 0.0001 Tc 19.49 0 Td [(uncertainties of spatial data. ANN h)-5(a)-1(ve two )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.0185 Tw -19.49 -1.15 Td [(m)8(a)-1(in disadvantages: they are black-box devises and )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0198 Tw 21.115 0 Td [(the user\264s intervention is still decisive for)-7( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.0896 Tw -21.115 -1.15 Td (the results quality. Further studies are needed )Tj 0.0897 Tw 19.025 0 Td (to assess the responsiveness of the simulation )Tj 0.0005 Tc -0.0011 Tw -19.025 -1.15 Td [(outputs in)6( face of changes in the type,)6( structur)]TJ 0.0007 Tc -0.0023 Tw 18.47 0 Td [(e an)6(d internal param)9(ete)]TJ 0.0004 Tc -0.0004 Tw 9.35 0 Td [(rs of the network.)5( )]TJ /TT37 1 Tf 0.0007 Tc 0 Tw -27.82 -2.16 Td [(References)5( )]TJ /TT36 1 Tf -0.0011 Tc 0.0146 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 504.3803 Tm [(Batty, M; Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, H.; Eichen)-4(, M. Urban)-4( )6(syste)-6(m)10(s as cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata,)]TJ /TT39 1 Tf -0.0022 Tc 0.0157 Tw 29 0 Td [( E)-8(n)-5(vironm)-5(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plan)-5(n)-5(i)6(ng)-5( B)]TJ /TT36 1 Tf 0.0025 Tc 0.011 Tw 12.7605 0 Td [(,)7( v.)7(2)6(4, )6(p.)13( )]TJ -0.0026 Tc -0.0019 Tw -41.7605 -1.1497 Td [(1)-6(59-)-5(164)-6(, 19)-6(97)-6(. )]TJ -0.0018 Tc 0.0811 Tw 0 -1.6467 TD [(Co)-5(n)-5(s)-2(tan)-5(za, R. )6(Mo)-5(d)-5(e)-1(l goo)-5(dn)-5(ess o)-5(f)-4( fit: a )-6(m)10(u)-5(ltip)-5(le reso)-5(lu)-5(tion p)-5(r)2(o)-5(cedu)-5(r)-4(e, )]TJ /TT39 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0817 Tw 28.9461 0 Td [(Eco)-5(log)-5(ica)-5(l Mod)-5(e)4(llin)-5(g)]TJ /TT36 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.0749 Tw 8.7545 0 Td [(, )-6(v)-4(.)3(47)-4(, p)-4(.)-3( 1)-4(99-)-4(215)-4(,)-9( )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0 Tw -37.7006 -1.1437 Td [(1)-4(989)-4(. )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0.062 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, )6(H. )6(Cellu)-4(lar wo)-4(rl)8(ds: a fram)11(ewo)-4(rk for m)11(o)-4(d)-4(ellin)-4(g micro)-4(-)-3(m)11(acro)-4( )6(d)-4(y)2(n)-4(am)11(i)2(cs, )]TJ /TT39 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0.0641 Tw 33.5569 0 Td [(En)-6(viro)-6(nm)-5(en)-6(ta)-6(l and)-6( Plann)-6(ing)-6( )]TJ 0 Tc 0 Tw -33.5569 -1.1497 Td (A)Tj /TT36 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw 0.6108 0 Td [(, v)-4(.)3(1)-4(7)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 58)-4(5-)-4(596)-4(, 19)-4(85)-4(. )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0492 Tw -0.6108 -13.5748 Td [(Li, X.; )6(Ye)7(h, )6(A. G. Ne)7(ural-net)9(work-base)7(d)-3( cellular aut)9(o)-3(m)12(a)]TJ 0.0018 Tc 0.0476 Tw 23.1737 0 Td [(t)4(a)3( )-6(fo)5(r si)4(m)13(u)-1(l)4(a)3(t)4(i)4(ng m)13(u)-1(lt)4(i)4(p)-1(l)4(e)3( l)4(a)3(nd )6(use c)9(h)-1(an)5(ges )6(us)8(i)4(ng )6(GI)6(S)7(,)6( )]TJ /TT39 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0039 Tw -23.1737 -1.1437 Td [(In)-5(tern)-5(a)-5(tiona)-5(l Jo)-5(u)-5(r)4(na)-5(l )6(o)-5(f Geogra)-5(p)1(h)-5(ica)-5(l In)-5(fo)-5(rma)-5(tion)-5( )6(S)-5(c)-2(ience)]TJ /TT36 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc -0.003 Tw 23.7485 0 Td [(, )-6(v. 1)-4(6)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 32)-4(3-3)-4(4)2(3)-4(,)3( )-6(200)-4(2. )]TJ -0.0009 Tc 0.0144 Tw -23.7485 -1.5509 Td [(Pap)-4(i)2(n)-4(i)2(, L.; Rabin)-4(o)-4(,)-2( )6(G. A.; Co)-4(lo)-4(nn)-4(a, )6(A.; Di Stefano)-4(,)-2( )6(V.; Lo)]TJ -0.0008 Tc 23.479 0 Td [(m)11(b)-4(ardo)-4(, S. Learn)-4(i)2(ng)-4( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(to)-4(m)11(ata in)-4( a re)-6(al wo)-4(rl)8(d)-4(:)2( )]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.0988 Tw -23.479 -1.1437 Td [(th)-4(e case stud)-4(y)8( o)-4(f)-4( t)7(h)-4(e Ro)-4(m)10(e)-1( metro)-4(p)2(o)-4(litan)-4( area. In)-4(: Band)-4(i)7(n)-4(i,)]TJ -0.0007 Tc 0.098 Tw 24.1856 0 Td [( S.; Serra, )6(R; Liv)-4(eran)-4(i)2(, )6(F. S. ed. Cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)8(o)-4(m)11(ata)-6(:)-4( )]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.1152 Tw -24.1856 -1.1497 Td [(researc)7(h)-3( t)9(o)-3(wa)7(rds industry. )]TJ /TT39 1 Tf -0.004 Tc 0 Tw 11.0958 0 Td [(ACR)-4(I)-6(\2649)-7(6)]TJ /TT36 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.1168 Tw 3.5509 0 Td [(: )6(Pro)-4(c)-1(eed)-4(i)1(ng)-4(s )6(o)-4(f)2( th)-4(e )6(Th)-4(ird)-4( C)7(o)-4(nferen)-4(ce )6(o)-4(n)2( Cellu)-4(lar Au)-4(to)-4(m)10(a)-1(ta for Research )]TJ -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw -14.6467 -1.1497 Td [(an)-5(d Ind)-5(u)-5(s)-3(t)6(r)-5(y, Lo)-5(ndo)-5(n)-5(: )6(Spr)-5(ing)-5(er)-5(-V)-5(er)-5(lag)-5(,)-4( )6(p)-5(.)2( 165)-5(-18)-5(3)1(, )6(1)-5(998)-5(. )]TJ -0.0009 Tc 0.0263 Tw T* [(Po)-4(rt)8(ug)-4(ali, J.; Ben)-4(enson)-4(, )6(I.; Omer, I. City: th)]TJ 0.0012 Tc 0.0242 Tw 17.6766 0 Td [(e gree)8(ns a)8(nd t)10(h)4(e bl)4(ues. )6(I)5(n)-2(:)4( Po)4(r)5(t)4(ugal)4(i)4(, J. e)8(d)-2(. )]TJ /TT39 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc 0.0233 Tw 17.3892 0 Td [(Se)9(l)5(f)5(-org)5(a)5(n)-1(i)5(z)2(at)5(i)5(o)5(n)5( an)5(d t)5(h)-1(e )]TJ -0.002 Tc 0 Tw -35.0659 -1.1497 Td (city)Tj /TT36 1 Tf 0.0001 Tc 0.0014 Tw 1.4371 0 Td [(, Berlin: S)5(p)3(ringer)4(-Ve)7(r)-2(lag,)5( )6(chap.5, )6(1999. )]TJ -0.0004 Tc 0.0258 Tw -1.4371 -1.6467 Td [(Ru)-3(m)11(elh)-3(art, D. )6(E.; Hin)-3(t)8(o)-3(n)3(, G. )6(E.; )6(W)-9(illia)-6(m)11(s, )-6(R. J. L)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0275 Tw 20.2575 0 Td [(earn)-5(ing)-5( )6(represen)-5(tatio)-5(n)-5(s)4( b)-5(y)1( b)-5(a)-1(ck)-5(-p)-5(rop)-5(a)5(g)-5(a)-1(tio)-5(n)-5( errors, )]TJ /TT39 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 20.9641 0 Td [(Na)-4(tu)-4(re)]TJ /TT36 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc 0.0172 Tw 2.7784 0 Td [(, v.)7( )]TJ -0.002 Tc -0.0025 Tw -44 -1.1437 Td [(3)-5(2)1(3)-5(,)3( )-6(p. 5)-5(33-)-4(536)-5(, 19)-5(86)-5( )]TJ 0.0016 Tc 0.3472 Tw T* [(Whi)4(t)4(e)2(, R)4(. )6(W.)6(;)4( Engel)4(e)2(n)5(, G.)6( C)4(e)2(l)4(l)4(u)-1(l)4(a)2(r aut)4(o)-1(m)13(a)2(t)4(on as t)4(h)-1(e basi)4(s of i)4(n)-1(t)10(e)2(grat)4(e)8(d)-1( dy)5(na)8(m)7(i)4(c regi)4(onal)4( m)13(odel)4(l)4(i)4(ng,)6( )]TJ /TT39 1 Tf -0.0021 Tc 0.0036 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(En)-5(vironm)-4(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plann)-5(ing)-5( )6(B)]TJ /TT36 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw 12.4491 0 Td [(, v)-4(.)3(2)-4(4)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 23)-4(5-)-4(246)-4(, 19)-4(97)-4(. )]TJ -0.0011 Tc 0.0026 Tw -12.4491 -1.5449 Td [(Wo)-4(l)7(fram)10(,)-3( S. )6(Un)-4(iv)-4(ersality an)-4(d co)-4(m)10(p)-4(lex)-4(ity in)-4( )6(cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(mata, )]TJ /TT39 1 Tf -0.0004 Tc 0 Tw 25.1916 0 Td [(Physic)6(a)]TJ /TT36 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc -0.0018 Tw 3.1617 0 Td [(, )-6(v. )-6(10)-6(D, p)-6(.)-4( 1)-6(-)1(35)-6(, 1)-6(984)-6(. )]TJ -0.0013 Tc 0.0747 Tw -28.3533 -1.6467 Td [(Wu, )6(F. )6(A li)7(n)-4(g)2(u)-4(i)1(stic cellu)-4(lar )6(au)-4(to)-4(m)10(a)-1(ta si)-5(m)10(u)-4(latio)-4(n)-4( ap)-4(proach)]TJ 0.0018 Tc 0.0716 Tw 23.6946 0 Td [( )6(fo)5(r s)8(u)-1(st)4(ai)4(na)9(b)5(l)4(e ur)6(ba)9(n )6(de)9(vel)4(opm)13(ent)4( i)4(n)-1( a)9( fa)9(st)4( g)5(ro)5(w)-1(i)4(n)5(g)5( )]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0 Tw -23.6946 -1.1497 Td [(regi)11(on)5(, )]TJ /TT39 1 Tf 0.0012 Tc 0.0003 Tw 3.0539 0 Td [(C)4(o)4(m)5(p)-2(u)4(t)4(ers, E)7(n)-2(vi)4(ro)4(nm)5(ent)4( a)4(n)4(d)-2( )6(Ur)7(ba)4(n )6(Syst)4(ems)]TJ /TT36 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0068 Tw 18.0479 0 Td [(, v. 2)5(0)-1(,)7( )-6(p.)7( )-6(3)5(6)5(7)-1(-)6(3)5(87)5(, 19)5(96)5(. )]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0.2629 Tw -21.1018 -1.6467 Td [(Wu)5(, F.;)5( )6(We)9(bs)8(t)5(e)3(r, C)4(.)1( J.)7( Si)5(m)8(u)-1(l)5(a)3(t)5(i)5(on )6(of)6( l)5(a)3(n)5(d)-1( de)9(vel)11(opm)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.2671 Tw 22.8743 0 Td [(en)-5(t th)-5(roug)-5(h)-5( t)6(h)-5(e in)-5(teg)-5(r)-4(ation)-5( )6(of cellu)-5(lar au)-5(tomata an)-5(d)-5( )]TJ -0.0011 Tc 0.0026 Tw -22.8743 -1.1497 Td [(m)10(u)-4(l)-5(ticriteria ev)-4(alu)-4(atio)-4(n)-4(,)]TJ /TT39 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0063 Tw 9.5928 0 Td [( )-6(E)8(n)-1(vi)4(r)8(o)-1(n)5(m)-1(e)9(n)-1(t)4(a)-1(l)4( an)5(d Pl)4(an)5(ni)4(n)5(g)-1( )-6(B)]TJ /TT36 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0068 Tw 12.6946 0 Td [(, v.)7(25)5(, p. 1)5(0)-1(3)5(-)6(12)5(6,)7( )-6(1)5(9)-1(9)5(8)-1(. )]TJ -0.001 Tc 0.0264 Tw -22.2874 -1.5449 Td [(Yeh, A. )6(G.; Li, X. )6(Sim)10(u)-4(lat)-5(i)1(o)-4(n)2( o)-4(f)3( d)-4(e)6(v)-4(elop)-4(m)10(e)-6(n)-4(t altern)-4(ativ)]TJ -0.0009 Tc 22.5749 0 Td [(es )6(u)-4(s)-1(ing)-4( )6(n)-4(eural network)-4(s)5(, cellu)-4(l)8(ar au)-4(t)8(o)-4(m)11(ata, a)-6(n)-4(d GIS )6(for )]TJ 0.0024 Tc -0.0069 Tw -22.5749 -1.1497 Td [(ur)6(ba)9(n pl)5(an)5(ni)5(n)5(g)5(,)1( )]TJ /TT39 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0003 Tw 6.515 0 Td [(P)8(hot)10(ogr)8(a)5(m)-1(m)5(e)3(t)4(r)2(i)4(c)3( Engi)10(neeri)10(n)-1(g)5( a)5(n)5(d)-1( Re)9(m)5(o)-1(t)4(e)3( Se)9(nsi)4(n)5(g)]TJ /TT36 1 Tf -0.0022 Tc 0.0037 Tw 20.5689 0 Td [(, v. )6(6)-5(9)1(, p)-5(.)2( 104)-5(3-1)-5(052)-5(, )6(2)-5(003)-5(. )]TJ ET endstream endobj 421 0 obj 10110 endobj 422 0 obj << /Length 423 0 R >> stream /CS20 cs 0 0 0 sc 1 i /RelativeColorimetric ri /GS20 gs BT /TT40 1 Tf 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 733.5803 Tm ( )Tj 0 -1.1497 TD ( )Tj 0 g ET /GS21 gs BT /T1_10 9 Tf 1 0 0 1 287.492 28.8 Tm (3705)Tj /CS20 cs 0 0 0 sc ET /GS20 gs BT /TT40 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0294 Tw 12 0 0 12 106.38 731.7203 Tm [(The land us)5(e change simulations w)8(e)-1(re accom)8(p)1(lished by tw)8(o types of stochastic tran)6(sition )]TJ -0.0002 Tc 0.2502 Tw -1.775 -1.15 Td [(algorithm)8(s)-1( \226 \223expander\224 and \223patcher\224 \226 wh)]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.2479 Tw 19.315 0 Td (ich operate changes through expansion and )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1232 Tw -19.315 -1.15 Td [(diffusion, respectively. These sim)8(u)1(lations were )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.1244 Tw 19.76 0 Td (validated according to)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1195 Tw 9.145 0 Td [( a )-10(m)8(u)1(ltiple resolution)6( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.1646 Tw -28.905 -1.15 Td [(fitting m)8(e)-1(thod \(Constan)5(za, 1989\), and the va)]TJ 0.1638 Tw 18.875 0 Td [(lu)5(es obtained for windows 3x3, 5x5 and 9x9)5( )]TJ 0.0296 Tw -18.875 -1.15 Td (were 0.862682, 0.864872, and 0.864644, respectively for S1, S2, and S3. \ It is observable that )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1095 Tw 0 -1.15 TD [(the land use transitions com)8(p)1(ly with econom)]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.1105 Tw 18.55 0 Td (ic theories of urban growth and change)Tj /TT41 1 Tf 0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 503.04 662.7203 Tm (, )Tj /TT40 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 12 0 0 12 509.4 662.7203 Tm (which )Tj 0.0007 Tc 0.0003 Tw -35.36 -1.15 Td [(m)9(axi)-6(m)9(i)-1(ze consum)9(ers\264 and m)9(arkets\264 utilities in)]TJ 0.001 Tc -0.0017 Tw 18.53 0 Td [( te)5(rm)9(s of real s)5(t)-1(ate p)6(r)-1(ic)5(es a)5(nd access)5(i)-1(bility. )]TJ /TT41 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw -18.53 -2.16 Td (7.)Tj /TT42 1 Tf 0.75 0 Td ( )Tj /TT41 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 0.75 0 Td (Conclusions )Tj /TT40 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0024 Tw -1.5 -1.64 Td (Cities are open and non-linear co)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.0045 Tw 13.27 0 Td [(m)8(p)1(lex system)8(s. ANN though proved )]TJ 0.0009 Tc 0.0007 Tw 14.91 0 Td (to have the cap)Tj 0.0007 Tc -0.0007 Tw 6.03 0 Td (ability to )Tj 0.0002 Tc 0.1298 Tw -34.21 -1.15 Td (model non-linear features and handle well the )Tj 0.0001 Tc 19.49 0 Td [(uncertainties of spatial data. ANN h)-5(a)-1(ve two )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.0185 Tw -19.49 -1.15 Td [(m)8(a)-1(in disadvantages: they are black-box devises and )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0198 Tw 21.115 0 Td [(the user\264s intervention is still decisive for)-7( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.0896 Tw -21.115 -1.15 Td (the results quality. Further studies are needed )Tj 0.0897 Tw 19.025 0 Td (to assess the responsiveness of the simulation )Tj 0.0005 Tc -0.0011 Tw -19.025 -1.15 Td [(outputs in)6( face of changes in the type,)6( structur)]TJ 0.0007 Tc -0.0023 Tw 18.47 0 Td [(e an)6(d internal param)9(ete)]TJ 0.0004 Tc -0.0004 Tw 9.35 0 Td [(rs of the network.)5( )]TJ /TT41 1 Tf 0.0007 Tc 0 Tw -27.82 -2.16 Td [(References)5( )]TJ /TT40 1 Tf -0.0011 Tc 0.0146 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 504.3803 Tm [(Batty, M; Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, H.; Eichen)-4(, M. Urban)-4( )6(syste)-6(m)10(s as cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata,)]TJ /TT43 1 Tf -0.0022 Tc 0.0157 Tw 29 0 Td [( E)-8(n)-5(vironm)-5(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plan)-5(n)-5(i)6(ng)-5( B)]TJ /TT40 1 Tf 0.0025 Tc 0.011 Tw 12.7605 0 Td [(,)7( v.)7(2)6(4, )6(p.)13( )]TJ -0.0026 Tc -0.0019 Tw -41.7605 -1.1497 Td [(1)-6(59-)-5(164)-6(, 19)-6(97)-6(. )]TJ -0.0018 Tc 0.0811 Tw 0 -1.6467 TD [(Co)-5(n)-5(s)-2(tan)-5(za, R. )6(Mo)-5(d)-5(e)-1(l goo)-5(dn)-5(ess o)-5(f)-4( fit: a )-6(m)10(u)-5(ltip)-5(le reso)-5(lu)-5(tion p)-5(r)2(o)-5(cedu)-5(r)-4(e, )]TJ /TT43 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0817 Tw 28.9461 0 Td [(Eco)-5(log)-5(ica)-5(l Mod)-5(e)4(llin)-5(g)]TJ /TT40 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.0749 Tw 8.7545 0 Td [(, )-6(v)-4(.)3(47)-4(, p)-4(.)-3( 1)-4(99-)-4(215)-4(,)-9( )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0 Tw -37.7006 -1.1437 Td [(1)-4(989)-4(. )]TJ -0.0006 Tc 0.062 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, )6(H. )6(Cellu)-4(lar wo)-4(rl)8(ds: a fram)11(ewo)-4(rk for m)11(o)-4(d)-4(ellin)-4(g micro)-4(-)-3(m)11(acro)-4( )6(d)-4(y)2(n)-4(am)11(i)2(cs, )]TJ /TT43 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc 0.0641 Tw 33.5569 0 Td [(En)-6(viro)-6(nm)-5(en)-6(ta)-6(l and)-6( Plann)-6(ing)-6( )]TJ /TT40 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc 0.0492 Tw -33.5569 -14.7245 Td [(Li, X.; )6(Ye)7(h, )6(A. G. Ne)7(ural-net)9(work-base)7(d)-3( cellular aut)9(o)-3(m)12(a)]TJ 0.0018 Tc 0.0476 Tw 23.1737 0 Td [(t)4(a)3( )-6(fo)5(r si)4(m)13(u)-1(l)4(a)3(t)4(i)4(ng m)13(u)-1(lt)4(i)4(p)-1(l)4(e)3( l)4(a)3(nd )6(use c)9(h)-1(an)5(ges )6(us)8(i)4(ng )6(GI)6(S)7(,)6( )]TJ /TT43 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0039 Tw -23.1737 -1.1437 Td [(In)-5(tern)-5(a)-5(tiona)-5(l Jo)-5(u)-5(r)4(na)-5(l )6(o)-5(f Geogra)-5(p)1(h)-5(ica)-5(l In)-5(fo)-5(rma)-5(tion)-5( )6(S)-5(c)-2(ience)]TJ /TT40 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc -0.003 Tw 23.7485 0 Td [(, )-6(v. 1)-4(6)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 32)-4(3-3)-4(4)2(3)-4(,)3( )-6(200)-4(2. )]TJ -0.0009 Tc 0.0144 Tw -23.7485 -1.5509 Td [(Pap)-4(i)2(n)-4(i)2(, L.; Rabin)-4(o)-4(,)-2( )6(G. A.; Co)-4(lo)-4(nn)-4(a, )6(A.; Di Stefano)-4(,)-2( )6(V.; Lo)]TJ -0.0008 Tc 23.479 0 Td [(m)11(b)-4(ardo)-4(, S. Learn)-4(i)2(ng)-4( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(to)-4(m)11(ata in)-4( a re)-6(al wo)-4(rl)8(d)-4(:)2( )]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.0988 Tw -23.479 -1.1437 Td [(th)-4(e case stud)-4(y)8( o)-4(f)-4( t)7(h)-4(e Ro)-4(m)10(e)-1( metro)-4(p)2(o)-4(litan)-4( area. In)-4(: Band)-4(i)7(n)-4(i,)]TJ -0.0007 Tc 0.098 Tw 24.1856 0 Td [( S.; Serra, )6(R; Liv)-4(eran)-4(i)2(, )6(F. S. ed. Cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)8(o)-4(m)11(ata)-6(:)-4( )]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.1152 Tw -24.1856 -1.1497 Td [(researc)7(h)-3( t)9(o)-3(wa)7(rds industry. )]TJ /TT43 1 Tf -0.004 Tc 0 Tw 11.0958 0 Td [(ACR)-4(I)-6(\2649)-7(6)]TJ /TT40 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.1168 Tw 3.5509 0 Td [(: )6(Pro)-4(c)-1(eed)-4(i)1(ng)-4(s )6(o)-4(f)2( th)-4(e )6(Th)-4(ird)-4( C)7(o)-4(nferen)-4(ce )6(o)-4(n)2( Cellu)-4(lar Au)-4(to)-4(m)10(a)-1(ta for Research )]TJ -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw -14.6467 -1.1497 Td [(an)-5(d Ind)-5(u)-5(s)-3(t)6(r)-5(y, Lo)-5(ndo)-5(n)-5(: )6(Spr)-5(ing)-5(er)-5(-V)-5(er)-5(lag)-5(,)-4( )6(p)-5(.)2( 165)-5(-18)-5(3)1(, )6(1)-5(998)-5(. )]TJ -0.0009 Tc 0.0263 Tw T* [(Po)-4(rt)8(ug)-4(ali, J.; Ben)-4(enson)-4(, )6(I.; Omer, I. City: th)]TJ 0.0012 Tc 0.0242 Tw 17.6766 0 Td [(e gree)8(ns a)8(nd t)10(h)4(e bl)4(ues. )6(I)5(n)-2(:)4( Po)4(r)5(t)4(ugal)4(i)4(, J. e)8(d)-2(. )]TJ /TT43 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc 0.0233 Tw 17.3892 0 Td [(Se)9(l)5(f)5(-org)5(a)5(n)-1(i)5(z)2(at)5(i)5(o)5(n)5( an)5(d t)5(h)-1(e )]TJ -0.002 Tc 0 Tw -35.0659 -1.1497 Td (city)Tj /TT40 1 Tf 0.0001 Tc 0.0014 Tw 1.4371 0 Td [(, Berlin: S)5(p)3(ringer)4(-Ve)7(r)-2(lag,)5( )6(chap.5, )6(1999. )]TJ -0.0004 Tc 0.0258 Tw -1.4371 -1.6467 Td [(Ru)-3(m)11(elh)-3(art, D. )6(E.; Hin)-3(t)8(o)-3(n)3(, G. )6(E.; )6(W)-9(illia)-6(m)11(s, )-6(R. J. L)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0275 Tw 20.2575 0 Td [(earn)-5(ing)-5( )6(represen)-5(tatio)-5(n)-5(s)4( b)-5(y)1( b)-5(a)-1(ck)-5(-p)-5(rop)-5(a)5(g)-5(a)-1(tio)-5(n)-5( errors, )]TJ /TT43 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 20.9641 0 Td [(Na)-4(tu)-4(re)]TJ /TT40 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc 0.0172 Tw 2.7784 0 Td [(, v.)7( )]TJ -0.002 Tc -0.0025 Tw -44 -1.1437 Td [(3)-5(2)1(3)-5(,)3( )-6(p. 5)-5(33-)-4(536)-5(, 19)-5(86)-5( )]TJ 0.0016 Tc 0.3472 Tw T* [(Whi)4(t)4(e)2(, R)4(. )6(W.)6(;)4( Engel)4(e)2(n)5(, G.)6( C)4(e)2(l)4(l)4(u)-1(l)4(a)2(r aut)4(o)-1(m)13(a)2(t)4(on as t)4(h)-1(e basi)4(s of i)4(n)-1(t)10(e)2(grat)4(e)8(d)-1( dy)5(na)8(m)7(i)4(c regi)4(onal)4( m)13(odel)4(l)4(i)4(ng,)6( )]TJ /TT43 1 Tf -0.0021 Tc 0.0036 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(En)-5(vironm)-4(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plann)-5(ing)-5( )6(B)]TJ /TT40 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw 12.4491 0 Td [(, v)-4(.)3(2)-4(4)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 23)-4(5-)-4(246)-4(, 19)-4(97)-4(. )]TJ -0.0011 Tc 0.0026 Tw -12.4491 -1.5449 Td [(Wo)-4(l)7(fram)10(,)-3( S. )6(Un)-4(iv)-4(ersality an)-4(d co)-4(m)10(p)-4(lex)-4(ity in)-4( )6(cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(mata, )]TJ /TT43 1 Tf -0.0004 Tc 0 Tw 25.1916 0 Td [(Physic)6(a)]TJ /TT40 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc -0.0018 Tw 3.1617 0 Td [(, )-6(v. )-6(10)-6(D, p)-6(.)-4( 1)-6(-)1(35)-6(, 1)-6(984)-6(. )]TJ -0.0013 Tc 0.0747 Tw -28.3533 -1.6467 Td [(Wu, )6(F. )6(A li)7(n)-4(g)2(u)-4(i)1(stic cellu)-4(lar )6(au)-4(to)-4(m)10(a)-1(ta si)-5(m)10(u)-4(latio)-4(n)-4( ap)-4(proach)]TJ 0.0018 Tc 0.0716 Tw 23.6946 0 Td [( )6(fo)5(r s)8(u)-1(st)4(ai)4(na)9(b)5(l)4(e ur)6(ba)9(n )6(de)9(vel)4(opm)13(ent)4( i)4(n)-1( a)9( fa)9(st)4( g)5(ro)5(w)-1(i)4(n)5(g)5( )]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0 Tw -23.6946 -1.1497 Td [(regi)11(on)5(, )]TJ /TT43 1 Tf 0.0012 Tc 0.0003 Tw 3.0539 0 Td [(C)4(o)4(m)5(p)-2(u)4(t)4(ers, E)7(n)-2(vi)4(ro)4(nm)5(ent)4( a)4(n)4(d)-2( )6(Ur)7(ba)4(n )6(Syst)4(ems)]TJ /TT40 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0068 Tw 18.0479 0 Td [(, v. 2)5(0)-1(,)7( )-6(p.)7( )-6(3)5(6)5(7)-1(-)6(3)5(87)5(, 19)5(96)5(. )]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0.2629 Tw -21.1018 -1.6467 Td [(Wu)5(, F.;)5( )6(We)9(bs)8(t)5(e)3(r, C)4(.)1( J.)7( Si)5(m)8(u)-1(l)5(a)3(t)5(i)5(on )6(of)6( l)5(a)3(n)5(d)-1( de)9(vel)11(opm)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.2671 Tw 22.8743 0 Td [(en)-5(t th)-5(roug)-5(h)-5( t)6(h)-5(e in)-5(teg)-5(r)-4(ation)-5( )6(of cellu)-5(lar au)-5(tomata an)-5(d)-5( )]TJ -0.0011 Tc 0.0026 Tw -22.8743 -1.1497 Td [(m)10(u)-4(l)-5(ticriteria ev)-4(alu)-4(atio)-4(n)-4(,)]TJ /TT43 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0063 Tw 9.5928 0 Td [( )-6(E)8(n)-1(vi)4(r)8(o)-1(n)5(m)-1(e)9(n)-1(t)4(a)-1(l)4( an)5(d Pl)4(an)5(ni)4(n)5(g)-1( )-6(B)]TJ /TT40 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0068 Tw 12.6946 0 Td [(, v.)7(25)5(, p. 1)5(0)-1(3)5(-)6(12)5(6,)7( )-6(1)5(9)-1(9)5(8)-1(. )]TJ -0.001 Tc 0.0264 Tw -22.2874 -1.5449 Td [(Yeh, A. )6(G.; Li, X. )6(Sim)10(u)-4(lat)-5(i)1(o)-4(n)2( o)-4(f)3( d)-4(e)6(v)-4(elop)-4(m)10(e)-6(n)-4(t altern)-4(ativ)]TJ -0.0009 Tc 22.5749 0 Td [(es )6(u)-4(s)-1(ing)-4( )6(n)-4(eural network)-4(s)5(, cellu)-4(l)8(ar au)-4(t)8(o)-4(m)11(ata, a)-6(n)-4(d GIS )6(for )]TJ 0.0024 Tc -0.0069 Tw -22.5749 -1.1497 Td [(ur)6(ba)9(n pl)5(an)5(ni)5(n)5(g)5(,)1( )]TJ /TT43 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0003 Tw 6.515 0 Td [(P)8(hot)10(ogr)8(a)5(m)-1(m)5(e)3(t)4(r)2(i)4(c)3( Engi)10(neeri)10(n)-1(g)5( a)5(n)5(d)-1( Re)9(m)5(o)-1(t)4(e)3( Se)9(nsi)4(n)5(g)]TJ /TT40 1 Tf -0.0022 Tc 0.0037 Tw 20.5689 0 Td [(, v. )6(6)-5(9)1(, p)-5(.)2( 104)-5(3-1)-5(052)-5(, )6(2)-5(003)-5(. )]TJ ET endstream endobj 423 0 obj 9967 endobj 424 0 obj << /Length 425 0 R >> stream /CS22 cs 0 0 0 sc 1 i /RelativeColorimetric ri /GS22 gs BT /TT44 1 Tf 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 733.5803 Tm ( )Tj 0 -1.1497 TD ( )Tj 0 g ET /GS23 gs BT /T1_11 9 Tf 1 0 0 1 287.492 28.8 Tm (3705)Tj /CS22 cs 0 0 0 sc ET /GS22 gs BT /TT44 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0294 Tw 12 0 0 12 106.38 731.7203 Tm [(The land us)5(e change simulations w)8(e)-1(re accom)8(p)1(lished by tw)8(o types of stochastic tran)6(sition )]TJ -0.0002 Tc 0.2502 Tw -1.775 -1.15 Td [(algorithm)8(s)-1( \226 \223expander\224 and \223patcher\224 \226 wh)]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.2479 Tw 19.315 0 Td (ich operate changes through expansion and )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1232 Tw -19.315 -1.15 Td [(diffusion, respectively. These sim)8(u)1(lations were )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.1244 Tw 19.76 0 Td (validated according to)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1195 Tw 9.145 0 Td [( a )-10(m)8(u)1(ltiple resolution)6( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.1646 Tw -28.905 -1.15 Td [(fitting m)8(e)-1(thod \(Constan)5(za, 1989\), and the va)]TJ 0.1638 Tw 18.875 0 Td [(lu)5(es obtained for windows 3x3, 5x5 and 9x9)5( )]TJ 0.0296 Tw -18.875 -1.15 Td (were 0.862682, 0.864872, and 0.864644, respectively for S1, S2, and S3. \ It is observable that )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1095 Tw 0 -1.15 TD [(the land use transitions com)8(p)1(ly with econom)]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.1105 Tw 18.55 0 Td (ic theories of urban growth and change)Tj /TT45 1 Tf 0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 503.04 662.7203 Tm (, )Tj /TT44 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 12 0 0 12 509.4 662.7203 Tm (which )Tj 0.0007 Tc 0.0003 Tw -35.36 -1.15 Td [(m)9(axi)-6(m)9(i)-1(ze consum)9(ers\264 and m)9(arkets\264 utilities in)]TJ 0.001 Tc -0.0017 Tw 18.53 0 Td [( te)5(rm)9(s of real s)5(t)-1(ate p)6(r)-1(ic)5(es a)5(nd access)5(i)-1(bility. )]TJ /TT45 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw -18.53 -2.16 Td (7.)Tj /TT46 1 Tf 0.75 0 Td ( )Tj /TT45 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 0.75 0 Td (Conclusions )Tj /TT44 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0024 Tw -1.5 -1.64 Td (Cities are open and non-linear co)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.0045 Tw 13.27 0 Td [(m)8(p)1(lex system)8(s. ANN though proved )]TJ 0.0009 Tc 0.0007 Tw 14.91 0 Td (to have the cap)Tj 0.0007 Tc -0.0007 Tw 6.03 0 Td (ability to )Tj 0.0002 Tc 0.1298 Tw -34.21 -1.15 Td (model non-linear features and handle well the )Tj 0.0001 Tc 19.49 0 Td [(uncertainties of spatial data. ANN h)-5(a)-1(ve two )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.0185 Tw -19.49 -1.15 Td [(m)8(a)-1(in disadvantages: they are black-box devises and )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0198 Tw 21.115 0 Td [(the user\264s intervention is still decisive for)-7( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.0896 Tw -21.115 -1.15 Td (the results quality. Further studies are needed )Tj 0.0897 Tw 19.025 0 Td (to assess the responsiveness of the simulation )Tj 0.0005 Tc -0.0011 Tw -19.025 -1.15 Td [(outputs in)6( face of changes in the type,)6( structur)]TJ 0.0007 Tc -0.0023 Tw 18.47 0 Td [(e an)6(d internal param)9(ete)]TJ 0.0004 Tc -0.0004 Tw 9.35 0 Td [(rs of the network.)5( )]TJ /TT45 1 Tf 0.0007 Tc 0 Tw -27.82 -2.16 Td [(References)5( )]TJ /TT44 1 Tf -0.0011 Tc 0.0146 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 504.3803 Tm [(Batty, M; Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, H.; Eichen)-4(, M. Urban)-4( )6(syste)-6(m)10(s as cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata,)]TJ /TT47 1 Tf -0.0022 Tc 0.0157 Tw 29 0 Td [( E)-8(n)-5(vironm)-5(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plan)-5(n)-5(i)6(ng)-5( B)]TJ /TT44 1 Tf 0.0025 Tc 0.011 Tw 12.7605 0 Td [(,)7( v.)7(2)6(4, )6(p.)13( )]TJ -0.0026 Tc -0.0019 Tw -41.7605 -1.1497 Td [(1)-6(59-)-5(164)-6(, 19)-6(97)-6(. )]TJ -0.0018 Tc 0.0811 Tw 0 -1.6467 TD [(Co)-5(n)-5(s)-2(tan)-5(za, R. )6(Mo)-5(d)-5(e)-1(l goo)-5(dn)-5(ess o)-5(f)-4( fit: a )-6(m)10(u)-5(ltip)-5(le reso)-5(lu)-5(tion p)-5(r)2(o)-5(cedu)-5(r)-4(e, )]TJ /TT47 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0817 Tw 28.9461 0 Td [(Eco)-5(log)-5(ica)-5(l Mod)-5(e)4(llin)-5(g)]TJ /TT44 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.0749 Tw 8.7545 0 Td [(, )-6(v)-4(.)3(47)-4(, p)-4(.)-3( 1)-4(99-)-4(215)-4(,)-9( )]TJ -0.0012 Tc 0 Tw -37.7006 -1.1437 Td [(1)-4(989)-4(. )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0492 Tw 0 -16.2695 TD [(Li, X.; )6(Ye)7(h, )6(A. G. Ne)7(ural-net)9(work-base)7(d)-3( cellular aut)9(o)-3(m)12(a)]TJ 0.0018 Tc 0.0476 Tw 23.1737 0 Td [(t)4(a)3( )-6(fo)5(r si)4(m)13(u)-1(l)4(a)3(t)4(i)4(ng m)13(u)-1(lt)4(i)4(p)-1(l)4(e)3( l)4(a)3(nd )6(use c)9(h)-1(an)5(ges )6(us)8(i)4(ng )6(GI)6(S)7(,)6( )]TJ /TT47 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0039 Tw -23.1737 -1.1437 Td [(In)-5(tern)-5(a)-5(tiona)-5(l Jo)-5(u)-5(r)4(na)-5(l )6(o)-5(f Geogra)-5(p)1(h)-5(ica)-5(l In)-5(fo)-5(rma)-5(tion)-5( )6(S)-5(c)-2(ience)]TJ /TT44 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc -0.003 Tw 23.7485 0 Td [(, )-6(v. 1)-4(6)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 32)-4(3-3)-4(4)2(3)-4(,)3( )-6(200)-4(2. )]TJ -0.0009 Tc 0.0144 Tw -23.7485 -1.5509 Td [(Pap)-4(i)2(n)-4(i)2(, L.; Rabin)-4(o)-4(,)-2( )6(G. A.; Co)-4(lo)-4(nn)-4(a, )6(A.; Di Stefano)-4(,)-2( )6(V.; Lo)]TJ -0.0008 Tc 23.479 0 Td [(m)11(b)-4(ardo)-4(, S. Learn)-4(i)2(ng)-4( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(to)-4(m)11(ata in)-4( a re)-6(al wo)-4(rl)8(d)-4(:)2( )]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.0988 Tw -23.479 -1.1437 Td [(th)-4(e case stud)-4(y)8( o)-4(f)-4( t)7(h)-4(e Ro)-4(m)10(e)-1( metro)-4(p)2(o)-4(litan)-4( area. In)-4(: Band)-4(i)7(n)-4(i,)]TJ -0.0007 Tc 0.098 Tw 24.1856 0 Td [( S.; Serra, )6(R; Liv)-4(eran)-4(i)2(, )6(F. S. ed. Cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)8(o)-4(m)11(ata)-6(:)-4( )]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.1152 Tw -24.1856 -1.1497 Td [(researc)7(h)-3( t)9(o)-3(wa)7(rds industry. )]TJ /TT47 1 Tf -0.004 Tc 0 Tw 11.0958 0 Td [(ACR)-4(I)-6(\2649)-7(6)]TJ /TT44 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.1168 Tw 3.5509 0 Td [(: )6(Pro)-4(c)-1(eed)-4(i)1(ng)-4(s )6(o)-4(f)2( th)-4(e )6(Th)-4(ird)-4( C)7(o)-4(nferen)-4(ce )6(o)-4(n)2( Cellu)-4(lar Au)-4(to)-4(m)10(a)-1(ta for Research )]TJ -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw -14.6467 -1.1497 Td [(an)-5(d Ind)-5(u)-5(s)-3(t)6(r)-5(y, Lo)-5(ndo)-5(n)-5(: )6(Spr)-5(ing)-5(er)-5(-V)-5(er)-5(lag)-5(,)-4( )6(p)-5(.)2( 165)-5(-18)-5(3)1(, )6(1)-5(998)-5(. )]TJ -0.0009 Tc 0.0263 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Po)-4(rt)8(ug)-4(ali, J.; Ben)-4(enson)-4(, )6(I.; Omer, I. City: th)]TJ 0.0012 Tc 0.0242 Tw 17.6766 0 Td [(e gree)8(ns a)8(nd t)10(h)4(e bl)4(ues. )6(I)5(n)-2(:)4( Po)4(r)5(t)4(ugal)4(i)4(, J. e)8(d)-2(. )]TJ /TT47 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc 0.0233 Tw 17.3892 0 Td [(Se)9(l)5(f)5(-org)5(a)5(n)-1(i)5(z)2(at)5(i)5(o)5(n)5( an)5(d t)5(h)-1(e )]TJ -0.002 Tc 0 Tw -35.0659 -1.1497 Td (city)Tj /TT44 1 Tf 0.0001 Tc 0.0014 Tw 1.4371 0 Td [(, Berlin: S)5(p)3(ringer)4(-Ve)7(r)-2(lag,)5( )6(chap.5, )6(1999. )]TJ -0.0004 Tc 0.0258 Tw -1.4371 -1.6467 Td [(Ru)-3(m)11(elh)-3(art, D. )6(E.; Hin)-3(t)8(o)-3(n)3(, G. )6(E.; )6(W)-9(illia)-6(m)11(s, )-6(R. J. L)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0275 Tw 20.2575 0 Td [(earn)-5(ing)-5( )6(represen)-5(tatio)-5(n)-5(s)4( b)-5(y)1( b)-5(a)-1(ck)-5(-p)-5(rop)-5(a)5(g)-5(a)-1(tio)-5(n)-5( errors, )]TJ /TT47 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 20.9641 0 Td [(Na)-4(tu)-4(re)]TJ /TT44 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc 0.0172 Tw 2.7784 0 Td [(, v.)7( )]TJ -0.002 Tc -0.0025 Tw -44 -1.1437 Td [(3)-5(2)1(3)-5(,)3( )-6(p. 5)-5(33-)-4(536)-5(, 19)-5(86)-5( )]TJ 0.0016 Tc 0.3472 Tw T* [(Whi)4(t)4(e)2(, R)4(. )6(W.)6(;)4( Engel)4(e)2(n)5(, G.)6( C)4(e)2(l)4(l)4(u)-1(l)4(a)2(r aut)4(o)-1(m)13(a)2(t)4(on as t)4(h)-1(e basi)4(s of i)4(n)-1(t)10(e)2(grat)4(e)8(d)-1( dy)5(na)8(m)7(i)4(c regi)4(onal)4( m)13(odel)4(l)4(i)4(ng,)6( )]TJ /TT47 1 Tf -0.0021 Tc 0.0036 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(En)-5(vironm)-4(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plann)-5(ing)-5( )6(B)]TJ /TT44 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw 12.4491 0 Td [(, v)-4(.)3(2)-4(4)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 23)-4(5-)-4(246)-4(, 19)-4(97)-4(. )]TJ -0.0011 Tc 0.0026 Tw -12.4491 -1.5449 Td [(Wo)-4(l)7(fram)10(,)-3( S. )6(Un)-4(iv)-4(ersality an)-4(d co)-4(m)10(p)-4(lex)-4(ity in)-4( )6(cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(mata, )]TJ /TT47 1 Tf -0.0004 Tc 0 Tw 25.1916 0 Td [(Physic)6(a)]TJ /TT44 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc -0.0018 Tw 3.1617 0 Td [(, )-6(v. )-6(10)-6(D, p)-6(.)-4( 1)-6(-)1(35)-6(, 1)-6(984)-6(. )]TJ -0.0013 Tc 0.0747 Tw -28.3533 -1.6467 Td [(Wu, )6(F. )6(A li)7(n)-4(g)2(u)-4(i)1(stic cellu)-4(lar )6(au)-4(to)-4(m)10(a)-1(ta si)-5(m)10(u)-4(latio)-4(n)-4( ap)-4(proach)]TJ 0.0018 Tc 0.0716 Tw 23.6946 0 Td [( )6(fo)5(r s)8(u)-1(st)4(ai)4(na)9(b)5(l)4(e ur)6(ba)9(n )6(de)9(vel)4(opm)13(ent)4( i)4(n)-1( a)9( fa)9(st)4( g)5(ro)5(w)-1(i)4(n)5(g)5( )]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0 Tw -23.6946 -1.1497 Td [(regi)11(on)5(, )]TJ /TT47 1 Tf 0.0012 Tc 0.0003 Tw 3.0539 0 Td [(C)4(o)4(m)5(p)-2(u)4(t)4(ers, E)7(n)-2(vi)4(ro)4(nm)5(ent)4( a)4(n)4(d)-2( )6(Ur)7(ba)4(n )6(Syst)4(ems)]TJ /TT44 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0068 Tw 18.0479 0 Td [(, v. 2)5(0)-1(,)7( )-6(p.)7( )-6(3)5(6)5(7)-1(-)6(3)5(87)5(, 19)5(96)5(. )]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0.2629 Tw -21.1018 -1.6467 Td [(Wu)5(, F.;)5( )6(We)9(bs)8(t)5(e)3(r, C)4(.)1( J.)7( Si)5(m)8(u)-1(l)5(a)3(t)5(i)5(on )6(of)6( l)5(a)3(n)5(d)-1( de)9(vel)11(opm)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.2671 Tw 22.8743 0 Td [(en)-5(t th)-5(roug)-5(h)-5( t)6(h)-5(e in)-5(teg)-5(r)-4(ation)-5( )6(of cellu)-5(lar au)-5(tomata an)-5(d)-5( )]TJ -0.0011 Tc 0.0026 Tw -22.8743 -1.1497 Td [(m)10(u)-4(l)-5(ticriteria ev)-4(alu)-4(atio)-4(n)-4(,)]TJ /TT47 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0063 Tw 9.5928 0 Td [( )-6(E)8(n)-1(vi)4(r)8(o)-1(n)5(m)-1(e)9(n)-1(t)4(a)-1(l)4( an)5(d Pl)4(an)5(ni)4(n)5(g)-1( )-6(B)]TJ /TT44 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0068 Tw 12.6946 0 Td [(, v.)7(25)5(, p. 1)5(0)-1(3)5(-)6(12)5(6,)7( )-6(1)5(9)-1(9)5(8)-1(. )]TJ -0.001 Tc 0.0264 Tw -22.2874 -1.5449 Td [(Yeh, A. )6(G.; Li, X. )6(Sim)10(u)-4(lat)-5(i)1(o)-4(n)2( o)-4(f)3( d)-4(e)6(v)-4(elop)-4(m)10(e)-6(n)-4(t altern)-4(ativ)]TJ -0.0009 Tc 22.5749 0 Td [(es )6(u)-4(s)-1(ing)-4( )6(n)-4(eural network)-4(s)5(, cellu)-4(l)8(ar au)-4(t)8(o)-4(m)11(ata, a)-6(n)-4(d GIS )6(for )]TJ 0.0024 Tc -0.0069 Tw -22.5749 -1.1497 Td [(ur)6(ba)9(n pl)5(an)5(ni)5(n)5(g)5(,)1( )]TJ /TT47 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0003 Tw 6.515 0 Td [(P)8(hot)10(ogr)8(a)5(m)-1(m)5(e)3(t)4(r)2(i)4(c)3( Engi)10(neeri)10(n)-1(g)5( a)5(n)5(d)-1( Re)9(m)5(o)-1(t)4(e)3( Se)9(nsi)4(n)5(g)]TJ /TT44 1 Tf -0.0022 Tc 0.0037 Tw 20.5689 0 Td [(, v. )6(6)-5(9)1(, p)-5(.)2( 104)-5(3-1)-5(052)-5(, )6(2)-5(003)-5(. )]TJ ET endstream endobj 425 0 obj 9643 endobj 426 0 obj << /Length 427 0 R >> stream /CS24 cs 0 0 0 sc 1 i /RelativeColorimetric ri /GS24 gs BT /TT48 1 Tf 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 733.5803 Tm ( )Tj 0 -1.1497 TD ( )Tj 0 g ET /GS25 gs BT /T1_12 9 Tf 1 0 0 1 287.492 28.8 Tm (3705)Tj /CS24 cs 0 0 0 sc ET /GS24 gs BT /TT48 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0294 Tw 12 0 0 12 106.38 731.7203 Tm [(The land us)5(e change simulations w)8(e)-1(re accom)8(p)1(lished by tw)8(o types of stochastic tran)6(sition )]TJ -0.0002 Tc 0.2502 Tw -1.775 -1.15 Td [(algorithm)8(s)-1( \226 \223expander\224 and \223patcher\224 \226 wh)]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.2479 Tw 19.315 0 Td (ich operate changes through expansion and )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1232 Tw -19.315 -1.15 Td [(diffusion, respectively. These sim)8(u)1(lations were )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.1244 Tw 19.76 0 Td (validated according to)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1195 Tw 9.145 0 Td [( a )-10(m)8(u)1(ltiple resolution)6( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.1646 Tw -28.905 -1.15 Td [(fitting m)8(e)-1(thod \(Constan)5(za, 1989\), and the va)]TJ 0.1638 Tw 18.875 0 Td [(lu)5(es obtained for windows 3x3, 5x5 and 9x9)5( )]TJ 0.0296 Tw -18.875 -1.15 Td (were 0.862682, 0.864872, and 0.864644, respectively for S1, S2, and S3. \ It is observable that )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1095 Tw 0 -1.15 TD [(the land use transitions com)8(p)1(ly with econom)]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.1105 Tw 18.55 0 Td (ic theories of urban growth and change)Tj /TT49 1 Tf 0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 503.04 662.7203 Tm (, )Tj /TT48 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 12 0 0 12 509.4 662.7203 Tm (which )Tj 0.0007 Tc 0.0003 Tw -35.36 -1.15 Td [(m)9(axi)-6(m)9(i)-1(ze consum)9(ers\264 and m)9(arkets\264 utilities in)]TJ 0.001 Tc -0.0017 Tw 18.53 0 Td [( te)5(rm)9(s of real s)5(t)-1(ate p)6(r)-1(ic)5(es a)5(nd access)5(i)-1(bility. )]TJ /TT49 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw -18.53 -2.16 Td (7.)Tj /TT50 1 Tf 0.75 0 Td ( )Tj /TT49 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 0.75 0 Td (Conclusions )Tj /TT48 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0024 Tw -1.5 -1.64 Td (Cities are open and non-linear co)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.0045 Tw 13.27 0 Td [(m)8(p)1(lex system)8(s. ANN though proved )]TJ 0.0009 Tc 0.0007 Tw 14.91 0 Td (to have the cap)Tj 0.0007 Tc -0.0007 Tw 6.03 0 Td (ability to )Tj 0.0002 Tc 0.1298 Tw -34.21 -1.15 Td (model non-linear features and handle well the )Tj 0.0001 Tc 19.49 0 Td [(uncertainties of spatial data. ANN h)-5(a)-1(ve two )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.0185 Tw -19.49 -1.15 Td [(m)8(a)-1(in disadvantages: they are black-box devises and )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0198 Tw 21.115 0 Td [(the user\264s intervention is still decisive for)-7( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.0896 Tw -21.115 -1.15 Td (the results quality. Further studies are needed )Tj 0.0897 Tw 19.025 0 Td (to assess the responsiveness of the simulation )Tj 0.0005 Tc -0.0011 Tw -19.025 -1.15 Td [(outputs in)6( face of changes in the type,)6( structur)]TJ 0.0007 Tc -0.0023 Tw 18.47 0 Td [(e an)6(d internal param)9(ete)]TJ 0.0004 Tc -0.0004 Tw 9.35 0 Td [(rs of the network.)5( )]TJ /TT49 1 Tf 0.0007 Tc 0 Tw -27.82 -2.16 Td [(References)5( )]TJ /TT48 1 Tf -0.0011 Tc 0.0146 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 504.3803 Tm [(Batty, M; Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, H.; Eichen)-4(, M. Urban)-4( )6(syste)-6(m)10(s as cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata,)]TJ /TT51 1 Tf -0.0022 Tc 0.0157 Tw 29 0 Td [( E)-8(n)-5(vironm)-5(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plan)-5(n)-5(i)6(ng)-5( B)]TJ /TT48 1 Tf 0.0025 Tc 0.011 Tw 12.7605 0 Td [(,)7( v.)7(2)6(4, )6(p.)13( )]TJ -0.0026 Tc -0.0019 Tw -41.7605 -1.1497 Td [(1)-6(59-)-5(164)-6(, 19)-6(97)-6(. )]TJ -0.0018 Tc 0.0811 Tw 0 -1.6467 TD [(Co)-5(n)-5(s)-2(tan)-5(za, R. )6(Mo)-5(d)-5(e)-1(l goo)-5(dn)-5(ess o)-5(f)-4( fit: a )-6(m)10(u)-5(ltip)-5(le reso)-5(lu)-5(tion p)-5(r)2(o)-5(cedu)-5(r)-4(e, )]TJ /TT51 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0817 Tw 28.9461 0 Td [(Eco)-5(log)-5(ica)-5(l Mod)-5(e)4(llin)-5(g)]TJ /TT48 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.0749 Tw 8.7545 0 Td [(, )-6(v)-4(.)3(47)-4(, p)-4(.)-3( 1)-4(99-)-4(215)-4(,)-9( )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0492 Tw -37.7006 -17.4132 Td [(Li, X.; )6(Ye)7(h, )6(A. G. Ne)7(ural-net)9(work-base)7(d)-3( cellular aut)9(o)-3(m)12(a)]TJ 0.0018 Tc 0.0476 Tw 23.1737 0 Td [(t)4(a)3( )-6(fo)5(r si)4(m)13(u)-1(l)4(a)3(t)4(i)4(ng m)13(u)-1(lt)4(i)4(p)-1(l)4(e)3( l)4(a)3(nd )6(use c)9(h)-1(an)5(ges )6(us)8(i)4(ng )6(GI)6(S)7(,)6( )]TJ /TT51 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0039 Tw -23.1737 -1.1437 Td [(In)-5(tern)-5(a)-5(tiona)-5(l Jo)-5(u)-5(r)4(na)-5(l )6(o)-5(f Geogra)-5(p)1(h)-5(ica)-5(l In)-5(fo)-5(rma)-5(tion)-5( )6(S)-5(c)-2(ience)]TJ /TT48 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc -0.003 Tw 23.7485 0 Td [(, )-6(v. 1)-4(6)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 32)-4(3-3)-4(4)2(3)-4(,)3( )-6(200)-4(2. )]TJ -0.0009 Tc 0.0144 Tw -23.7485 -1.5509 Td [(Pap)-4(i)2(n)-4(i)2(, L.; Rabin)-4(o)-4(,)-2( )6(G. A.; Co)-4(lo)-4(nn)-4(a, )6(A.; Di Stefano)-4(,)-2( )6(V.; Lo)]TJ -0.0008 Tc 23.479 0 Td [(m)11(b)-4(ardo)-4(, S. Learn)-4(i)2(ng)-4( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(to)-4(m)11(ata in)-4( a re)-6(al wo)-4(rl)8(d)-4(:)2( )]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.0988 Tw -23.479 -1.1437 Td [(th)-4(e case stud)-4(y)8( o)-4(f)-4( t)7(h)-4(e Ro)-4(m)10(e)-1( metro)-4(p)2(o)-4(litan)-4( area. In)-4(: Band)-4(i)7(n)-4(i,)]TJ -0.0007 Tc 0.098 Tw 24.1856 0 Td [( S.; Serra, )6(R; Liv)-4(eran)-4(i)2(, )6(F. S. ed. Cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)8(o)-4(m)11(ata)-6(:)-4( )]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.1152 Tw -24.1856 -1.1497 Td [(researc)7(h)-3( t)9(o)-3(wa)7(rds industry. )]TJ /TT51 1 Tf -0.004 Tc 0 Tw 11.0958 0 Td [(ACR)-4(I)-6(\2649)-7(6)]TJ /TT48 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.1168 Tw 3.5509 0 Td [(: )6(Pro)-4(c)-1(eed)-4(i)1(ng)-4(s )6(o)-4(f)2( th)-4(e )6(Th)-4(ird)-4( C)7(o)-4(nferen)-4(ce )6(o)-4(n)2( Cellu)-4(lar Au)-4(to)-4(m)10(a)-1(ta for Research )]TJ -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw -14.6467 -1.1497 Td [(an)-5(d Ind)-5(u)-5(s)-3(t)6(r)-5(y, Lo)-5(ndo)-5(n)-5(: )6(Spr)-5(ing)-5(er)-5(-V)-5(er)-5(lag)-5(,)-4( )6(p)-5(.)2( 165)-5(-18)-5(3)1(, )6(1)-5(998)-5(. )]TJ -0.0009 Tc 0.0263 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Po)-4(rt)8(ug)-4(ali, J.; Ben)-4(enson)-4(, )6(I.; Omer, I. City: th)]TJ 0.0012 Tc 0.0242 Tw 17.6766 0 Td [(e gree)8(ns a)8(nd t)10(h)4(e bl)4(ues. )6(I)5(n)-2(:)4( Po)4(r)5(t)4(ugal)4(i)4(, J. e)8(d)-2(. )]TJ /TT51 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc 0.0233 Tw 17.3892 0 Td [(Se)9(l)5(f)5(-org)5(a)5(n)-1(i)5(z)2(at)5(i)5(o)5(n)5( an)5(d t)5(h)-1(e )]TJ -0.002 Tc 0 Tw -35.0659 -1.1497 Td (city)Tj /TT48 1 Tf 0.0001 Tc 0.0014 Tw 1.4371 0 Td [(, Berlin: S)5(p)3(ringer)4(-Ve)7(r)-2(lag,)5( )6(chap.5, )6(1999. )]TJ -0.0004 Tc 0.0258 Tw -1.4371 -1.6467 Td [(Ru)-3(m)11(elh)-3(art, D. )6(E.; Hin)-3(t)8(o)-3(n)3(, G. )6(E.; )6(W)-9(illia)-6(m)11(s, )-6(R. J. L)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0275 Tw 20.2575 0 Td [(earn)-5(ing)-5( )6(represen)-5(tatio)-5(n)-5(s)4( b)-5(y)1( b)-5(a)-1(ck)-5(-p)-5(rop)-5(a)5(g)-5(a)-1(tio)-5(n)-5( errors, )]TJ /TT51 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 20.9641 0 Td [(Na)-4(tu)-4(re)]TJ /TT48 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc 0.0172 Tw 2.7784 0 Td [(, v.)7( )]TJ -0.002 Tc -0.0025 Tw -44 -1.1437 Td [(3)-5(2)1(3)-5(,)3( )-6(p. 5)-5(33-)-4(536)-5(, 19)-5(86)-5( )]TJ 0.0016 Tc 0.3472 Tw T* [(Whi)4(t)4(e)2(, R)4(. )6(W.)6(;)4( Engel)4(e)2(n)5(, G.)6( C)4(e)2(l)4(l)4(u)-1(l)4(a)2(r aut)4(o)-1(m)13(a)2(t)4(on as t)4(h)-1(e basi)4(s of i)4(n)-1(t)10(e)2(grat)4(e)8(d)-1( dy)5(na)8(m)7(i)4(c regi)4(onal)4( m)13(odel)4(l)4(i)4(ng,)6( )]TJ /TT51 1 Tf -0.0021 Tc 0.0036 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(En)-5(vironm)-4(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plann)-5(ing)-5( )6(B)]TJ /TT48 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw 12.4491 0 Td [(, v)-4(.)3(2)-4(4)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 23)-4(5-)-4(246)-4(, 19)-4(97)-4(. )]TJ -0.0011 Tc 0.0026 Tw -12.4491 -1.5449 Td [(Wo)-4(l)7(fram)10(,)-3( S. )6(Un)-4(iv)-4(ersality an)-4(d co)-4(m)10(p)-4(lex)-4(ity in)-4( )6(cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(mata, )]TJ /TT51 1 Tf -0.0004 Tc 0 Tw 25.1916 0 Td [(Physic)6(a)]TJ /TT48 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc -0.0018 Tw 3.1617 0 Td [(, )-6(v. )-6(10)-6(D, p)-6(.)-4( 1)-6(-)1(35)-6(, 1)-6(984)-6(. )]TJ -0.0013 Tc 0.0747 Tw -28.3533 -1.6467 Td [(Wu, )6(F. )6(A li)7(n)-4(g)2(u)-4(i)1(stic cellu)-4(lar )6(au)-4(to)-4(m)10(a)-1(ta si)-5(m)10(u)-4(latio)-4(n)-4( ap)-4(proach)]TJ 0.0018 Tc 0.0716 Tw 23.6946 0 Td [( )6(fo)5(r s)8(u)-1(st)4(ai)4(na)9(b)5(l)4(e ur)6(ba)9(n )6(de)9(vel)4(opm)13(ent)4( i)4(n)-1( a)9( fa)9(st)4( g)5(ro)5(w)-1(i)4(n)5(g)5( )]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0 Tw -23.6946 -1.1497 Td [(regi)11(on)5(, )]TJ /TT51 1 Tf 0.0012 Tc 0.0003 Tw 3.0539 0 Td [(C)4(o)4(m)5(p)-2(u)4(t)4(ers, E)7(n)-2(vi)4(ro)4(nm)5(ent)4( a)4(n)4(d)-2( )6(Ur)7(ba)4(n )6(Syst)4(ems)]TJ /TT48 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0068 Tw 18.0479 0 Td [(, v. 2)5(0)-1(,)7( )-6(p.)7( )-6(3)5(6)5(7)-1(-)6(3)5(87)5(, 19)5(96)5(. )]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0.2629 Tw -21.1018 -1.6467 Td [(Wu)5(, F.;)5( )6(We)9(bs)8(t)5(e)3(r, C)4(.)1( J.)7( Si)5(m)8(u)-1(l)5(a)3(t)5(i)5(on )6(of)6( l)5(a)3(n)5(d)-1( de)9(vel)11(opm)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.2671 Tw 22.8743 0 Td [(en)-5(t th)-5(roug)-5(h)-5( t)6(h)-5(e in)-5(teg)-5(r)-4(ation)-5( )6(of cellu)-5(lar au)-5(tomata an)-5(d)-5( )]TJ -0.0011 Tc 0.0026 Tw -22.8743 -1.1497 Td [(m)10(u)-4(l)-5(ticriteria ev)-4(alu)-4(atio)-4(n)-4(,)]TJ /TT51 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0063 Tw 9.5928 0 Td [( )-6(E)8(n)-1(vi)4(r)8(o)-1(n)5(m)-1(e)9(n)-1(t)4(a)-1(l)4( an)5(d Pl)4(an)5(ni)4(n)5(g)-1( )-6(B)]TJ /TT48 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0068 Tw 12.6946 0 Td [(, v.)7(25)5(, p. 1)5(0)-1(3)5(-)6(12)5(6,)7( )-6(1)5(9)-1(9)5(8)-1(. )]TJ -0.001 Tc 0.0264 Tw -22.2874 -1.5449 Td [(Yeh, A. )6(G.; Li, X. )6(Sim)10(u)-4(lat)-5(i)1(o)-4(n)2( o)-4(f)3( d)-4(e)6(v)-4(elop)-4(m)10(e)-6(n)-4(t altern)-4(ativ)]TJ -0.0009 Tc 22.5749 0 Td [(es )6(u)-4(s)-1(ing)-4( )6(n)-4(eural network)-4(s)5(, cellu)-4(l)8(ar au)-4(t)8(o)-4(m)11(ata, a)-6(n)-4(d GIS )6(for )]TJ 0.0024 Tc -0.0069 Tw -22.5749 -1.1497 Td [(ur)6(ba)9(n pl)5(an)5(ni)5(n)5(g)5(,)1( )]TJ /TT51 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0003 Tw 6.515 0 Td [(P)8(hot)10(ogr)8(a)5(m)-1(m)5(e)3(t)4(r)2(i)4(c)3( Engi)10(neeri)10(n)-1(g)5( a)5(n)5(d)-1( Re)9(m)5(o)-1(t)4(e)3( Se)9(nsi)4(n)5(g)]TJ /TT48 1 Tf -0.0022 Tc 0.0037 Tw 20.5689 0 Td [(, v. )6(6)-5(9)1(, p)-5(.)2( 104)-5(3-1)-5(052)-5(, )6(2)-5(003)-5(. )]TJ ET endstream endobj 427 0 obj 9593 endobj 428 0 obj << /Length 429 0 R >> stream /CS26 cs 0 0 0 sc 1 i /RelativeColorimetric ri /GS26 gs BT /TT52 1 Tf 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 733.5803 Tm ( )Tj 0 -1.1497 TD ( )Tj 0 g ET /GS27 gs BT /T1_13 9 Tf 1 0 0 1 287.492 28.8 Tm (3705)Tj /CS26 cs 0 0 0 sc ET /GS26 gs BT /TT52 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0294 Tw 12 0 0 12 106.38 731.7203 Tm [(The land us)5(e change simulations w)8(e)-1(re accom)8(p)1(lished by tw)8(o types of stochastic tran)6(sition )]TJ -0.0002 Tc 0.2502 Tw -1.775 -1.15 Td [(algorithm)8(s)-1( \226 \223expander\224 and \223patcher\224 \226 wh)]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.2479 Tw 19.315 0 Td (ich operate changes through expansion and )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1232 Tw -19.315 -1.15 Td [(diffusion, respectively. These sim)8(u)1(lations were )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.1244 Tw 19.76 0 Td (validated according to)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1195 Tw 9.145 0 Td [( a )-10(m)8(u)1(ltiple resolution)6( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.1646 Tw -28.905 -1.15 Td [(fitting m)8(e)-1(thod \(Constan)5(za, 1989\), and the va)]TJ 0.1638 Tw 18.875 0 Td [(lu)5(es obtained for windows 3x3, 5x5 and 9x9)5( )]TJ 0.0296 Tw -18.875 -1.15 Td (were 0.862682, 0.864872, and 0.864644, respectively for S1, S2, and S3. \ It is observable that )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1095 Tw 0 -1.15 TD [(the land use transitions com)8(p)1(ly with econom)]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.1105 Tw 18.55 0 Td (ic theories of urban growth and change)Tj /TT53 1 Tf 0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 503.04 662.7203 Tm (, )Tj /TT52 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 12 0 0 12 509.4 662.7203 Tm (which )Tj 0.0007 Tc 0.0003 Tw -35.36 -1.15 Td [(m)9(axi)-6(m)9(i)-1(ze consum)9(ers\264 and m)9(arkets\264 utilities in)]TJ 0.001 Tc -0.0017 Tw 18.53 0 Td [( te)5(rm)9(s of real s)5(t)-1(ate p)6(r)-1(ic)5(es a)5(nd access)5(i)-1(bility. )]TJ /TT53 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw -18.53 -2.16 Td (7.)Tj /TT54 1 Tf 0.75 0 Td ( )Tj /TT53 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 0.75 0 Td (Conclusions )Tj /TT52 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0024 Tw -1.5 -1.64 Td (Cities are open and non-linear co)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.0045 Tw 13.27 0 Td [(m)8(p)1(lex system)8(s. ANN though proved )]TJ 0.0009 Tc 0.0007 Tw 14.91 0 Td (to have the cap)Tj 0.0007 Tc -0.0007 Tw 6.03 0 Td (ability to )Tj 0.0002 Tc 0.1298 Tw -34.21 -1.15 Td (model non-linear features and handle well the )Tj 0.0001 Tc 19.49 0 Td [(uncertainties of spatial data. ANN h)-5(a)-1(ve two )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.0185 Tw -19.49 -1.15 Td [(m)8(a)-1(in disadvantages: they are black-box devises and )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0198 Tw 21.115 0 Td [(the user\264s intervention is still decisive for)-7( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.0896 Tw -21.115 -1.15 Td (the results quality. Further studies are needed )Tj 0.0897 Tw 19.025 0 Td (to assess the responsiveness of the simulation )Tj 0.0005 Tc -0.0011 Tw -19.025 -1.15 Td [(outputs in)6( face of changes in the type,)6( structur)]TJ 0.0007 Tc -0.0023 Tw 18.47 0 Td [(e an)6(d internal param)9(ete)]TJ 0.0004 Tc -0.0004 Tw 9.35 0 Td [(rs of the network.)5( )]TJ /TT53 1 Tf 0.0007 Tc 0 Tw -27.82 -2.16 Td [(References)5( )]TJ /TT52 1 Tf -0.0011 Tc 0.0146 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 504.3803 Tm [(Batty, M; Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, H.; Eichen)-4(, M. Urban)-4( )6(syste)-6(m)10(s as cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata,)]TJ /TT55 1 Tf -0.0022 Tc 0.0157 Tw 29 0 Td [( E)-8(n)-5(vironm)-5(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plan)-5(n)-5(i)6(ng)-5( B)]TJ /TT52 1 Tf 0.0025 Tc 0.011 Tw 12.7605 0 Td [(,)7( v.)7(2)6(4, )6(p.)13( )]TJ -0.0026 Tc -0.0019 Tw -41.7605 -1.1497 Td [(1)-6(59-)-5(164)-6(, 19)-6(97)-6(. )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0492 Tw 0 -19.0599 TD [(Li, X.; )6(Ye)7(h, )6(A. G. Ne)7(ural-net)9(work-base)7(d)-3( cellular aut)9(o)-3(m)12(a)]TJ 0.0018 Tc 0.0476 Tw 23.1737 0 Td [(t)4(a)3( )-6(fo)5(r si)4(m)13(u)-1(l)4(a)3(t)4(i)4(ng m)13(u)-1(lt)4(i)4(p)-1(l)4(e)3( l)4(a)3(nd )6(use c)9(h)-1(an)5(ges )6(us)8(i)4(ng )6(GI)6(S)7(,)6( )]TJ /TT55 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0039 Tw -23.1737 -1.1437 Td [(In)-5(tern)-5(a)-5(tiona)-5(l Jo)-5(u)-5(r)4(na)-5(l )6(o)-5(f Geogra)-5(p)1(h)-5(ica)-5(l In)-5(fo)-5(rma)-5(tion)-5( )6(S)-5(c)-2(ience)]TJ /TT52 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc -0.003 Tw 23.7485 0 Td [(, )-6(v. 1)-4(6)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 32)-4(3-3)-4(4)2(3)-4(,)3( )-6(200)-4(2. )]TJ -0.0009 Tc 0.0144 Tw -23.7485 -1.5509 Td [(Pap)-4(i)2(n)-4(i)2(, L.; Rabin)-4(o)-4(,)-2( )6(G. A.; Co)-4(lo)-4(nn)-4(a, )6(A.; Di Stefano)-4(,)-2( )6(V.; Lo)]TJ -0.0008 Tc 23.479 0 Td [(m)11(b)-4(ardo)-4(, S. Learn)-4(i)2(ng)-4( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(to)-4(m)11(ata in)-4( a re)-6(al wo)-4(rl)8(d)-4(:)2( )]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.0988 Tw -23.479 -1.1437 Td [(th)-4(e case stud)-4(y)8( o)-4(f)-4( t)7(h)-4(e Ro)-4(m)10(e)-1( metro)-4(p)2(o)-4(litan)-4( area. In)-4(: Band)-4(i)7(n)-4(i,)]TJ -0.0007 Tc 0.098 Tw 24.1856 0 Td [( S.; Serra, )6(R; Liv)-4(eran)-4(i)2(, )6(F. S. ed. Cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)8(o)-4(m)11(ata)-6(:)-4( )]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.1152 Tw -24.1856 -1.1497 Td [(researc)7(h)-3( t)9(o)-3(wa)7(rds industry. )]TJ /TT55 1 Tf -0.004 Tc 0 Tw 11.0958 0 Td [(ACR)-4(I)-6(\2649)-7(6)]TJ /TT52 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.1168 Tw 3.5509 0 Td [(: )6(Pro)-4(c)-1(eed)-4(i)1(ng)-4(s )6(o)-4(f)2( th)-4(e )6(Th)-4(ird)-4( C)7(o)-4(nferen)-4(ce )6(o)-4(n)2( Cellu)-4(lar Au)-4(to)-4(m)10(a)-1(ta for Research )]TJ -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw -14.6467 -1.1497 Td [(an)-5(d Ind)-5(u)-5(s)-3(t)6(r)-5(y, Lo)-5(ndo)-5(n)-5(: )6(Spr)-5(ing)-5(er)-5(-V)-5(er)-5(lag)-5(,)-4( )6(p)-5(.)2( 165)-5(-18)-5(3)1(, )6(1)-5(998)-5(. )]TJ -0.0009 Tc 0.0263 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Po)-4(rt)8(ug)-4(ali, J.; Ben)-4(enson)-4(, )6(I.; Omer, I. City: th)]TJ 0.0012 Tc 0.0242 Tw 17.6766 0 Td [(e gree)8(ns a)8(nd t)10(h)4(e bl)4(ues. )6(I)5(n)-2(:)4( Po)4(r)5(t)4(ugal)4(i)4(, J. e)8(d)-2(. )]TJ /TT55 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc 0.0233 Tw 17.3892 0 Td [(Se)9(l)5(f)5(-org)5(a)5(n)-1(i)5(z)2(at)5(i)5(o)5(n)5( an)5(d t)5(h)-1(e )]TJ -0.002 Tc 0 Tw -35.0659 -1.1497 Td (city)Tj /TT52 1 Tf 0.0001 Tc 0.0014 Tw 1.4371 0 Td [(, Berlin: S)5(p)3(ringer)4(-Ve)7(r)-2(lag,)5( )6(chap.5, )6(1999. )]TJ -0.0004 Tc 0.0258 Tw -1.4371 -1.6467 Td [(Ru)-3(m)11(elh)-3(art, D. )6(E.; Hin)-3(t)8(o)-3(n)3(, G. )6(E.; )6(W)-9(illia)-6(m)11(s, )-6(R. J. L)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0275 Tw 20.2575 0 Td [(earn)-5(ing)-5( )6(represen)-5(tatio)-5(n)-5(s)4( b)-5(y)1( b)-5(a)-1(ck)-5(-p)-5(rop)-5(a)5(g)-5(a)-1(tio)-5(n)-5( errors, )]TJ /TT55 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 20.9641 0 Td [(Na)-4(tu)-4(re)]TJ /TT52 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc 0.0172 Tw 2.7784 0 Td [(, v.)7( )]TJ -0.002 Tc -0.0025 Tw -44 -1.1437 Td [(3)-5(2)1(3)-5(,)3( )-6(p. 5)-5(33-)-4(536)-5(, 19)-5(86)-5( )]TJ 0.0016 Tc 0.3472 Tw T* [(Whi)4(t)4(e)2(, R)4(. )6(W.)6(;)4( Engel)4(e)2(n)5(, G.)6( C)4(e)2(l)4(l)4(u)-1(l)4(a)2(r aut)4(o)-1(m)13(a)2(t)4(on as t)4(h)-1(e basi)4(s of i)4(n)-1(t)10(e)2(grat)4(e)8(d)-1( dy)5(na)8(m)7(i)4(c regi)4(onal)4( m)13(odel)4(l)4(i)4(ng,)6( )]TJ /TT55 1 Tf -0.0021 Tc 0.0036 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(En)-5(vironm)-4(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plann)-5(ing)-5( )6(B)]TJ /TT52 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw 12.4491 0 Td [(, v)-4(.)3(2)-4(4)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 23)-4(5-)-4(246)-4(, 19)-4(97)-4(. )]TJ -0.0011 Tc 0.0026 Tw -12.4491 -1.5449 Td [(Wo)-4(l)7(fram)10(,)-3( S. )6(Un)-4(iv)-4(ersality an)-4(d co)-4(m)10(p)-4(lex)-4(ity in)-4( )6(cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(mata, )]TJ /TT55 1 Tf -0.0004 Tc 0 Tw 25.1916 0 Td [(Physic)6(a)]TJ /TT52 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc -0.0018 Tw 3.1617 0 Td [(, )-6(v. )-6(10)-6(D, p)-6(.)-4( 1)-6(-)1(35)-6(, 1)-6(984)-6(. )]TJ -0.0013 Tc 0.0747 Tw -28.3533 -1.6467 Td [(Wu, )6(F. )6(A li)7(n)-4(g)2(u)-4(i)1(stic cellu)-4(lar )6(au)-4(to)-4(m)10(a)-1(ta si)-5(m)10(u)-4(latio)-4(n)-4( ap)-4(proach)]TJ 0.0018 Tc 0.0716 Tw 23.6946 0 Td [( )6(fo)5(r s)8(u)-1(st)4(ai)4(na)9(b)5(l)4(e ur)6(ba)9(n )6(de)9(vel)4(opm)13(ent)4( i)4(n)-1( a)9( fa)9(st)4( g)5(ro)5(w)-1(i)4(n)5(g)5( )]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0 Tw -23.6946 -1.1497 Td [(regi)11(on)5(, )]TJ /TT55 1 Tf 0.0012 Tc 0.0003 Tw 3.0539 0 Td [(C)4(o)4(m)5(p)-2(u)4(t)4(ers, E)7(n)-2(vi)4(ro)4(nm)5(ent)4( a)4(n)4(d)-2( )6(Ur)7(ba)4(n )6(Syst)4(ems)]TJ /TT52 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0068 Tw 18.0479 0 Td [(, v. 2)5(0)-1(,)7( )-6(p.)7( )-6(3)5(6)5(7)-1(-)6(3)5(87)5(, 19)5(96)5(. )]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0.2629 Tw -21.1018 -1.6467 Td [(Wu)5(, F.;)5( )6(We)9(bs)8(t)5(e)3(r, C)4(.)1( J.)7( Si)5(m)8(u)-1(l)5(a)3(t)5(i)5(on )6(of)6( l)5(a)3(n)5(d)-1( de)9(vel)11(opm)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.2671 Tw 22.8743 0 Td [(en)-5(t th)-5(roug)-5(h)-5( t)6(h)-5(e in)-5(teg)-5(r)-4(ation)-5( )6(of cellu)-5(lar au)-5(tomata an)-5(d)-5( )]TJ -0.0011 Tc 0.0026 Tw -22.8743 -1.1497 Td [(m)10(u)-4(l)-5(ticriteria ev)-4(alu)-4(atio)-4(n)-4(,)]TJ /TT55 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0063 Tw 9.5928 0 Td [( )-6(E)8(n)-1(vi)4(r)8(o)-1(n)5(m)-1(e)9(n)-1(t)4(a)-1(l)4( an)5(d Pl)4(an)5(ni)4(n)5(g)-1( )-6(B)]TJ /TT52 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0068 Tw 12.6946 0 Td [(, v.)7(25)5(, p. 1)5(0)-1(3)5(-)6(12)5(6,)7( )-6(1)5(9)-1(9)5(8)-1(. )]TJ -0.001 Tc 0.0264 Tw -22.2874 -1.5449 Td [(Yeh, A. )6(G.; Li, X. )6(Sim)10(u)-4(lat)-5(i)1(o)-4(n)2( o)-4(f)3( d)-4(e)6(v)-4(elop)-4(m)10(e)-6(n)-4(t altern)-4(ativ)]TJ -0.0009 Tc 22.5749 0 Td [(es )6(u)-4(s)-1(ing)-4( )6(n)-4(eural network)-4(s)5(, cellu)-4(l)8(ar au)-4(t)8(o)-4(m)11(ata, a)-6(n)-4(d GIS )6(for )]TJ 0.0024 Tc -0.0069 Tw -22.5749 -1.1497 Td [(ur)6(ba)9(n pl)5(an)5(ni)5(n)5(g)5(,)1( )]TJ /TT55 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0003 Tw 6.515 0 Td [(P)8(hot)10(ogr)8(a)5(m)-1(m)5(e)3(t)4(r)2(i)4(c)3( Engi)10(neeri)10(n)-1(g)5( a)5(n)5(d)-1( Re)9(m)5(o)-1(t)4(e)3( Se)9(nsi)4(n)5(g)]TJ /TT52 1 Tf -0.0022 Tc 0.0037 Tw 20.5689 0 Td [(, v. )6(6)-5(9)1(, p)-5(.)2( 104)-5(3-1)-5(052)-5(, )6(2)-5(003)-5(. )]TJ ET endstream endobj 429 0 obj 9180 endobj 430 0 obj << /Length 431 0 R >> stream /CS28 cs 0 0 0 sc 1 i /RelativeColorimetric ri /GS28 gs BT /TT56 1 Tf 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 733.5803 Tm ( )Tj 0 -1.1497 TD ( )Tj 0 g ET /GS29 gs BT /T1_14 9 Tf 1 0 0 1 287.492 28.8 Tm (3705)Tj /CS28 cs 0 0 0 sc ET /GS28 gs BT /TT56 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0294 Tw 12 0 0 12 106.38 731.7203 Tm [(The land us)5(e change simulations w)8(e)-1(re accom)8(p)1(lished by tw)8(o types of stochastic tran)6(sition )]TJ -0.0002 Tc 0.2502 Tw -1.775 -1.15 Td [(algorithm)8(s)-1( \226 \223expander\224 and \223patcher\224 \226 wh)]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.2479 Tw 19.315 0 Td (ich operate changes through expansion and )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1232 Tw -19.315 -1.15 Td [(diffusion, respectively. These sim)8(u)1(lations were )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.1244 Tw 19.76 0 Td (validated according to)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1195 Tw 9.145 0 Td [( a )-10(m)8(u)1(ltiple resolution)6( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.1646 Tw -28.905 -1.15 Td [(fitting m)8(e)-1(thod \(Constan)5(za, 1989\), and the va)]TJ 0.1638 Tw 18.875 0 Td [(lu)5(es obtained for windows 3x3, 5x5 and 9x9)5( )]TJ 0.0296 Tw -18.875 -1.15 Td (were 0.862682, 0.864872, and 0.864644, respectively for S1, S2, and S3. \ It is observable that )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1095 Tw 0 -1.15 TD [(the land use transitions com)8(p)1(ly with econom)]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.1105 Tw 18.55 0 Td (ic theories of urban growth and change)Tj /TT57 1 Tf 0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 503.04 662.7203 Tm (, )Tj /TT56 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 12 0 0 12 509.4 662.7203 Tm (which )Tj 0.0007 Tc 0.0003 Tw -35.36 -1.15 Td [(m)9(axi)-6(m)9(i)-1(ze consum)9(ers\264 and m)9(arkets\264 utilities in)]TJ 0.001 Tc -0.0017 Tw 18.53 0 Td [( te)5(rm)9(s of real s)5(t)-1(ate p)6(r)-1(ic)5(es a)5(nd access)5(i)-1(bility. )]TJ /TT57 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw -18.53 -2.16 Td (7.)Tj /TT58 1 Tf 0.75 0 Td ( )Tj /TT57 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 0.75 0 Td (Conclusions )Tj /TT56 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0024 Tw -1.5 -1.64 Td (Cities are open and non-linear co)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.0045 Tw 13.27 0 Td [(m)8(p)1(lex system)8(s. ANN though proved )]TJ 0.0009 Tc 0.0007 Tw 14.91 0 Td (to have the cap)Tj 0.0007 Tc -0.0007 Tw 6.03 0 Td (ability to )Tj 0.0002 Tc 0.1298 Tw -34.21 -1.15 Td (model non-linear features and handle well the )Tj 0.0001 Tc 19.49 0 Td [(uncertainties of spatial data. ANN h)-5(a)-1(ve two )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.0185 Tw -19.49 -1.15 Td [(m)8(a)-1(in disadvantages: they are black-box devises and )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0198 Tw 21.115 0 Td [(the user\264s intervention is still decisive for)-7( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.0896 Tw -21.115 -1.15 Td (the results quality. Further studies are needed )Tj 0.0897 Tw 19.025 0 Td (to assess the responsiveness of the simulation )Tj 0.0005 Tc -0.0011 Tw -19.025 -1.15 Td [(outputs in)6( face of changes in the type,)6( structur)]TJ 0.0007 Tc -0.0023 Tw 18.47 0 Td [(e an)6(d internal param)9(ete)]TJ 0.0004 Tc -0.0004 Tw 9.35 0 Td [(rs of the network.)5( )]TJ /TT57 1 Tf 0.0007 Tc 0 Tw -27.82 -2.16 Td [(References)5( )]TJ /TT56 1 Tf -0.0011 Tc 0.0146 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 504.3803 Tm [(Batty, M; Co)-4(u)-4(clelis, H.; Eichen)-4(, M. Urban)-4( )6(syste)-6(m)10(s as cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(m)10(ata,)]TJ /TT59 1 Tf -0.0022 Tc 0.0157 Tw 29 0 Td [( E)-8(n)-5(vironm)-5(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plan)-5(n)-5(i)6(ng)-5( B)]TJ /TT56 1 Tf 0.0025 Tc 0.011 Tw 12.7605 0 Td [(,)7( v.)7(2)6(4, )6(p.)13( )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0492 Tw -41.7605 -20.2096 Td [(Li, X.; )6(Ye)7(h, )6(A. G. Ne)7(ural-net)9(work-base)7(d)-3( cellular aut)9(o)-3(m)12(a)]TJ 0.0018 Tc 0.0476 Tw 23.1737 0 Td [(t)4(a)3( )-6(fo)5(r si)4(m)13(u)-1(l)4(a)3(t)4(i)4(ng m)13(u)-1(lt)4(i)4(p)-1(l)4(e)3( l)4(a)3(nd )6(use c)9(h)-1(an)5(ges )6(us)8(i)4(ng )6(GI)6(S)7(,)6( )]TJ /TT59 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0039 Tw -23.1737 -1.1437 Td [(In)-5(tern)-5(a)-5(tiona)-5(l Jo)-5(u)-5(r)4(na)-5(l )6(o)-5(f Geogra)-5(p)1(h)-5(ica)-5(l In)-5(fo)-5(rma)-5(tion)-5( )6(S)-5(c)-2(ience)]TJ /TT56 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc -0.003 Tw 23.7485 0 Td [(, )-6(v. 1)-4(6)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 32)-4(3-3)-4(4)2(3)-4(,)3( )-6(200)-4(2. )]TJ -0.0009 Tc 0.0144 Tw -23.7485 -1.5509 Td [(Pap)-4(i)2(n)-4(i)2(, L.; Rabin)-4(o)-4(,)-2( )6(G. A.; Co)-4(lo)-4(nn)-4(a, )6(A.; Di Stefano)-4(,)-2( )6(V.; Lo)]TJ -0.0008 Tc 23.479 0 Td [(m)11(b)-4(ardo)-4(, S. Learn)-4(i)2(ng)-4( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(to)-4(m)11(ata in)-4( a re)-6(al wo)-4(rl)8(d)-4(:)2( )]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.0988 Tw -23.479 -1.1437 Td [(th)-4(e case stud)-4(y)8( o)-4(f)-4( t)7(h)-4(e Ro)-4(m)10(e)-1( metro)-4(p)2(o)-4(litan)-4( area. In)-4(: Band)-4(i)7(n)-4(i,)]TJ -0.0007 Tc 0.098 Tw 24.1856 0 Td [( S.; Serra, )6(R; Liv)-4(eran)-4(i)2(, )6(F. S. ed. Cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)8(o)-4(m)11(ata)-6(:)-4( )]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.1152 Tw -24.1856 -1.1497 Td [(researc)7(h)-3( t)9(o)-3(wa)7(rds industry. )]TJ /TT59 1 Tf -0.004 Tc 0 Tw 11.0958 0 Td [(ACR)-4(I)-6(\2649)-7(6)]TJ /TT56 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.1168 Tw 3.5509 0 Td [(: )6(Pro)-4(c)-1(eed)-4(i)1(ng)-4(s )6(o)-4(f)2( th)-4(e )6(Th)-4(ird)-4( C)7(o)-4(nferen)-4(ce )6(o)-4(n)2( Cellu)-4(lar Au)-4(to)-4(m)10(a)-1(ta for Research )]TJ -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw -14.6467 -1.1497 Td [(an)-5(d Ind)-5(u)-5(s)-3(t)6(r)-5(y, Lo)-5(ndo)-5(n)-5(: )6(Spr)-5(ing)-5(er)-5(-V)-5(er)-5(lag)-5(,)-4( )6(p)-5(.)2( 165)-5(-18)-5(3)1(, )6(1)-5(998)-5(. )]TJ -0.0009 Tc 0.0263 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Po)-4(rt)8(ug)-4(ali, J.; Ben)-4(enson)-4(, )6(I.; Omer, I. City: th)]TJ 0.0012 Tc 0.0242 Tw 17.6766 0 Td [(e gree)8(ns a)8(nd t)10(h)4(e bl)4(ues. )6(I)5(n)-2(:)4( Po)4(r)5(t)4(ugal)4(i)4(, J. e)8(d)-2(. )]TJ /TT59 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc 0.0233 Tw 17.3892 0 Td [(Se)9(l)5(f)5(-org)5(a)5(n)-1(i)5(z)2(at)5(i)5(o)5(n)5( an)5(d t)5(h)-1(e )]TJ -0.002 Tc 0 Tw -35.0659 -1.1497 Td (city)Tj /TT56 1 Tf 0.0001 Tc 0.0014 Tw 1.4371 0 Td [(, Berlin: S)5(p)3(ringer)4(-Ve)7(r)-2(lag,)5( )6(chap.5, )6(1999. )]TJ -0.0004 Tc 0.0258 Tw -1.4371 -1.6467 Td [(Ru)-3(m)11(elh)-3(art, D. )6(E.; Hin)-3(t)8(o)-3(n)3(, G. )6(E.; )6(W)-9(illia)-6(m)11(s, )-6(R. J. L)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0275 Tw 20.2575 0 Td [(earn)-5(ing)-5( )6(represen)-5(tatio)-5(n)-5(s)4( b)-5(y)1( b)-5(a)-1(ck)-5(-p)-5(rop)-5(a)5(g)-5(a)-1(tio)-5(n)-5( errors, )]TJ /TT59 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 20.9641 0 Td [(Na)-4(tu)-4(re)]TJ /TT56 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc 0.0172 Tw 2.7784 0 Td [(, v.)7( )]TJ -0.002 Tc -0.0025 Tw -44 -1.1437 Td [(3)-5(2)1(3)-5(,)3( )-6(p. 5)-5(33-)-4(536)-5(, 19)-5(86)-5( )]TJ 0.0016 Tc 0.3472 Tw T* [(Whi)4(t)4(e)2(, R)4(. )6(W.)6(;)4( Engel)4(e)2(n)5(, G.)6( C)4(e)2(l)4(l)4(u)-1(l)4(a)2(r aut)4(o)-1(m)13(a)2(t)4(on as t)4(h)-1(e basi)4(s of i)4(n)-1(t)10(e)2(grat)4(e)8(d)-1( dy)5(na)8(m)7(i)4(c regi)4(onal)4( m)13(odel)4(l)4(i)4(ng,)6( )]TJ /TT59 1 Tf -0.0021 Tc 0.0036 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(En)-5(vironm)-4(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plann)-5(ing)-5( )6(B)]TJ /TT56 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw 12.4491 0 Td [(, v)-4(.)3(2)-4(4)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 23)-4(5-)-4(246)-4(, 19)-4(97)-4(. )]TJ -0.0011 Tc 0.0026 Tw -12.4491 -1.5449 Td [(Wo)-4(l)7(fram)10(,)-3( S. )6(Un)-4(iv)-4(ersality an)-4(d co)-4(m)10(p)-4(lex)-4(ity in)-4( )6(cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(mata, )]TJ /TT59 1 Tf -0.0004 Tc 0 Tw 25.1916 0 Td [(Physic)6(a)]TJ /TT56 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc -0.0018 Tw 3.1617 0 Td [(, )-6(v. )-6(10)-6(D, p)-6(.)-4( 1)-6(-)1(35)-6(, 1)-6(984)-6(. )]TJ -0.0013 Tc 0.0747 Tw -28.3533 -1.6467 Td [(Wu, )6(F. )6(A li)7(n)-4(g)2(u)-4(i)1(stic cellu)-4(lar )6(au)-4(to)-4(m)10(a)-1(ta si)-5(m)10(u)-4(latio)-4(n)-4( ap)-4(proach)]TJ 0.0018 Tc 0.0716 Tw 23.6946 0 Td [( )6(fo)5(r s)8(u)-1(st)4(ai)4(na)9(b)5(l)4(e ur)6(ba)9(n )6(de)9(vel)4(opm)13(ent)4( i)4(n)-1( a)9( fa)9(st)4( g)5(ro)5(w)-1(i)4(n)5(g)5( )]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0 Tw -23.6946 -1.1497 Td [(regi)11(on)5(, )]TJ /TT59 1 Tf 0.0012 Tc 0.0003 Tw 3.0539 0 Td [(C)4(o)4(m)5(p)-2(u)4(t)4(ers, E)7(n)-2(vi)4(ro)4(nm)5(ent)4( a)4(n)4(d)-2( )6(Ur)7(ba)4(n )6(Syst)4(ems)]TJ /TT56 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0068 Tw 18.0479 0 Td [(, v. 2)5(0)-1(,)7( )-6(p.)7( )-6(3)5(6)5(7)-1(-)6(3)5(87)5(, 19)5(96)5(. )]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0.2629 Tw -21.1018 -1.6467 Td [(Wu)5(, F.;)5( )6(We)9(bs)8(t)5(e)3(r, C)4(.)1( J.)7( Si)5(m)8(u)-1(l)5(a)3(t)5(i)5(on )6(of)6( l)5(a)3(n)5(d)-1( de)9(vel)11(opm)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.2671 Tw 22.8743 0 Td [(en)-5(t th)-5(roug)-5(h)-5( t)6(h)-5(e in)-5(teg)-5(r)-4(ation)-5( )6(of cellu)-5(lar au)-5(tomata an)-5(d)-5( )]TJ -0.0011 Tc 0.0026 Tw -22.8743 -1.1497 Td [(m)10(u)-4(l)-5(ticriteria ev)-4(alu)-4(atio)-4(n)-4(,)]TJ /TT59 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0063 Tw 9.5928 0 Td [( )-6(E)8(n)-1(vi)4(r)8(o)-1(n)5(m)-1(e)9(n)-1(t)4(a)-1(l)4( an)5(d Pl)4(an)5(ni)4(n)5(g)-1( )-6(B)]TJ /TT56 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0068 Tw 12.6946 0 Td [(, v.)7(25)5(, p. 1)5(0)-1(3)5(-)6(12)5(6,)7( )-6(1)5(9)-1(9)5(8)-1(. )]TJ -0.001 Tc 0.0264 Tw -22.2874 -1.5449 Td [(Yeh, A. )6(G.; Li, X. )6(Sim)10(u)-4(lat)-5(i)1(o)-4(n)2( o)-4(f)3( d)-4(e)6(v)-4(elop)-4(m)10(e)-6(n)-4(t altern)-4(ativ)]TJ -0.0009 Tc 22.5749 0 Td [(es )6(u)-4(s)-1(ing)-4( )6(n)-4(eural network)-4(s)5(, cellu)-4(l)8(ar au)-4(t)8(o)-4(m)11(ata, a)-6(n)-4(d GIS )6(for )]TJ 0.0024 Tc -0.0069 Tw -22.5749 -1.1497 Td [(ur)6(ba)9(n pl)5(an)5(ni)5(n)5(g)5(,)1( )]TJ /TT59 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0003 Tw 6.515 0 Td [(P)8(hot)10(ogr)8(a)5(m)-1(m)5(e)3(t)4(r)2(i)4(c)3( Engi)10(neeri)10(n)-1(g)5( a)5(n)5(d)-1( Re)9(m)5(o)-1(t)4(e)3( Se)9(nsi)4(n)5(g)]TJ /TT56 1 Tf -0.0022 Tc 0.0037 Tw 20.5689 0 Td [(, v. )6(6)-5(9)1(, p)-5(.)2( 104)-5(3-1)-5(052)-5(, )6(2)-5(003)-5(. )]TJ ET endstream endobj 431 0 obj 9103 endobj 432 0 obj << /Length 433 0 R >> stream /CS30 cs 0 0 0 sc 1 i /RelativeColorimetric ri /GS30 gs BT /TT60 1 Tf 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 733.5803 Tm ( )Tj 0 -1.1497 TD ( )Tj 0 g ET /GS31 gs BT /T1_15 9 Tf 1 0 0 1 287.492 28.8 Tm (3705)Tj /CS30 cs 0 0 0 sc ET /GS30 gs BT /TT60 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0294 Tw 12 0 0 12 106.38 731.7203 Tm [(The land us)5(e change simulations w)8(e)-1(re accom)8(p)1(lished by tw)8(o types of stochastic tran)6(sition )]TJ -0.0002 Tc 0.2502 Tw -1.775 -1.15 Td [(algorithm)8(s)-1( \226 \223expander\224 and \223patcher\224 \226 wh)]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.2479 Tw 19.315 0 Td (ich operate changes through expansion and )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1232 Tw -19.315 -1.15 Td [(diffusion, respectively. These sim)8(u)1(lations were )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.1244 Tw 19.76 0 Td (validated according to)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1195 Tw 9.145 0 Td [( a )-10(m)8(u)1(ltiple resolution)6( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.1646 Tw -28.905 -1.15 Td [(fitting m)8(e)-1(thod \(Constan)5(za, 1989\), and the va)]TJ 0.1638 Tw 18.875 0 Td [(lu)5(es obtained for windows 3x3, 5x5 and 9x9)5( )]TJ 0.0296 Tw -18.875 -1.15 Td (were 0.862682, 0.864872, and 0.864644, respectively for S1, S2, and S3. \ It is observable that )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1095 Tw 0 -1.15 TD [(the land use transitions com)8(p)1(ly with econom)]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.1105 Tw 18.55 0 Td (ic theories of urban growth and change)Tj /TT61 1 Tf 0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 503.04 662.7203 Tm (, )Tj /TT60 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 12 0 0 12 509.4 662.7203 Tm (which )Tj 0.0007 Tc 0.0003 Tw -35.36 -1.15 Td [(m)9(axi)-6(m)9(i)-1(ze consum)9(ers\264 and m)9(arkets\264 utilities in)]TJ 0.001 Tc -0.0017 Tw 18.53 0 Td [( te)5(rm)9(s of real s)5(t)-1(ate p)6(r)-1(ic)5(es a)5(nd access)5(i)-1(bility. )]TJ /TT61 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw -18.53 -2.16 Td (7.)Tj /TT62 1 Tf 0.75 0 Td ( )Tj /TT61 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 0.75 0 Td (Conclusions )Tj /TT60 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0024 Tw -1.5 -1.64 Td (Cities are open and non-linear co)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.0045 Tw 13.27 0 Td [(m)8(p)1(lex system)8(s. ANN though proved )]TJ 0.0009 Tc 0.0007 Tw 14.91 0 Td (to have the cap)Tj 0.0007 Tc -0.0007 Tw 6.03 0 Td (ability to )Tj 0.0002 Tc 0.1298 Tw -34.21 -1.15 Td (model non-linear features and handle well the )Tj 0.0001 Tc 19.49 0 Td [(uncertainties of spatial data. ANN h)-5(a)-1(ve two )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.0185 Tw -19.49 -1.15 Td [(m)8(a)-1(in disadvantages: they are black-box devises and )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0198 Tw 21.115 0 Td [(the user\264s intervention is still decisive for)-7( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.0896 Tw -21.115 -1.15 Td (the results quality. Further studies are needed )Tj 0.0897 Tw 19.025 0 Td (to assess the responsiveness of the simulation )Tj 0.0005 Tc -0.0011 Tw -19.025 -1.15 Td [(outputs in)6( face of changes in the type,)6( structur)]TJ 0.0007 Tc -0.0023 Tw 18.47 0 Td [(e an)6(d internal param)9(ete)]TJ 0.0004 Tc -0.0004 Tw 9.35 0 Td [(rs of the network.)5( )]TJ /TT61 1 Tf 0.0007 Tc 0 Tw -27.82 -2.16 Td [(References)5( )]TJ /TT60 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc 0.0492 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 504.3803 Tm 0 -20.2096 TD [(Li, X.; )6(Ye)7(h, )6(A. G. Ne)7(ural-net)9(work-base)7(d)-3( cellular aut)9(o)-3(m)12(a)]TJ 0.0018 Tc 0.0476 Tw 23.1737 0 Td [(t)4(a)3( )-6(fo)5(r si)4(m)13(u)-1(l)4(a)3(t)4(i)4(ng m)13(u)-1(lt)4(i)4(p)-1(l)4(e)3( l)4(a)3(nd )6(use c)9(h)-1(an)5(ges )6(us)8(i)4(ng )6(GI)6(S)7(,)6( )]TJ /TT63 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0039 Tw -23.1737 -1.1437 Td [(In)-5(tern)-5(a)-5(tiona)-5(l Jo)-5(u)-5(r)4(na)-5(l )6(o)-5(f Geogra)-5(p)1(h)-5(ica)-5(l In)-5(fo)-5(rma)-5(tion)-5( )6(S)-5(c)-2(ience)]TJ /TT60 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc -0.003 Tw 23.7485 0 Td [(, )-6(v. 1)-4(6)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 32)-4(3-3)-4(4)2(3)-4(,)3( )-6(200)-4(2. )]TJ -0.0009 Tc 0.0144 Tw -23.7485 -1.5509 Td [(Pap)-4(i)2(n)-4(i)2(, L.; Rabin)-4(o)-4(,)-2( )6(G. A.; Co)-4(lo)-4(nn)-4(a, )6(A.; Di Stefano)-4(,)-2( )6(V.; Lo)]TJ -0.0008 Tc 23.479 0 Td [(m)11(b)-4(ardo)-4(, S. Learn)-4(i)2(ng)-4( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(to)-4(m)11(ata in)-4( a re)-6(al wo)-4(rl)8(d)-4(:)2( )]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.0988 Tw -23.479 -1.1437 Td [(th)-4(e case stud)-4(y)8( o)-4(f)-4( t)7(h)-4(e Ro)-4(m)10(e)-1( metro)-4(p)2(o)-4(litan)-4( area. In)-4(: Band)-4(i)7(n)-4(i,)]TJ -0.0007 Tc 0.098 Tw 24.1856 0 Td [( S.; Serra, )6(R; Liv)-4(eran)-4(i)2(, )6(F. S. ed. Cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)8(o)-4(m)11(ata)-6(:)-4( )]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.1152 Tw -24.1856 -1.1497 Td [(researc)7(h)-3( t)9(o)-3(wa)7(rds industry. )]TJ /TT63 1 Tf -0.004 Tc 0 Tw 11.0958 0 Td [(ACR)-4(I)-6(\2649)-7(6)]TJ /TT60 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.1168 Tw 3.5509 0 Td [(: )6(Pro)-4(c)-1(eed)-4(i)1(ng)-4(s )6(o)-4(f)2( th)-4(e )6(Th)-4(ird)-4( C)7(o)-4(nferen)-4(ce )6(o)-4(n)2( Cellu)-4(lar Au)-4(to)-4(m)10(a)-1(ta for Research )]TJ -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw -14.6467 -1.1497 Td [(an)-5(d Ind)-5(u)-5(s)-3(t)6(r)-5(y, Lo)-5(ndo)-5(n)-5(: )6(Spr)-5(ing)-5(er)-5(-V)-5(er)-5(lag)-5(,)-4( )6(p)-5(.)2( 165)-5(-18)-5(3)1(, )6(1)-5(998)-5(. )]TJ -0.0009 Tc 0.0263 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Po)-4(rt)8(ug)-4(ali, J.; Ben)-4(enson)-4(, )6(I.; Omer, I. City: th)]TJ 0.0012 Tc 0.0242 Tw 17.6766 0 Td [(e gree)8(ns a)8(nd t)10(h)4(e bl)4(ues. )6(I)5(n)-2(:)4( Po)4(r)5(t)4(ugal)4(i)4(, J. e)8(d)-2(. )]TJ /TT63 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc 0.0233 Tw 17.3892 0 Td [(Se)9(l)5(f)5(-org)5(a)5(n)-1(i)5(z)2(at)5(i)5(o)5(n)5( an)5(d t)5(h)-1(e )]TJ -0.002 Tc 0 Tw -35.0659 -1.1497 Td (city)Tj /TT60 1 Tf 0.0001 Tc 0.0014 Tw 1.4371 0 Td [(, Berlin: S)5(p)3(ringer)4(-Ve)7(r)-2(lag,)5( )6(chap.5, )6(1999. )]TJ -0.0004 Tc 0.0258 Tw -1.4371 -1.6467 Td [(Ru)-3(m)11(elh)-3(art, D. )6(E.; Hin)-3(t)8(o)-3(n)3(, G. )6(E.; )6(W)-9(illia)-6(m)11(s, )-6(R. J. L)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0275 Tw 20.2575 0 Td [(earn)-5(ing)-5( )6(represen)-5(tatio)-5(n)-5(s)4( b)-5(y)1( b)-5(a)-1(ck)-5(-p)-5(rop)-5(a)5(g)-5(a)-1(tio)-5(n)-5( errors, )]TJ /TT63 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 20.9641 0 Td [(Na)-4(tu)-4(re)]TJ /TT60 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc 0.0172 Tw 2.7784 0 Td [(, v.)7( )]TJ -0.002 Tc -0.0025 Tw -44 -1.1437 Td [(3)-5(2)1(3)-5(,)3( )-6(p. 5)-5(33-)-4(536)-5(, 19)-5(86)-5( )]TJ 0.0016 Tc 0.3472 Tw T* [(Whi)4(t)4(e)2(, R)4(. )6(W.)6(;)4( Engel)4(e)2(n)5(, G.)6( C)4(e)2(l)4(l)4(u)-1(l)4(a)2(r aut)4(o)-1(m)13(a)2(t)4(on as t)4(h)-1(e basi)4(s of i)4(n)-1(t)10(e)2(grat)4(e)8(d)-1( dy)5(na)8(m)7(i)4(c regi)4(onal)4( m)13(odel)4(l)4(i)4(ng,)6( )]TJ /TT63 1 Tf -0.0021 Tc 0.0036 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(En)-5(vironm)-4(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plann)-5(ing)-5( )6(B)]TJ /TT60 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw 12.4491 0 Td [(, v)-4(.)3(2)-4(4)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 23)-4(5-)-4(246)-4(, 19)-4(97)-4(. )]TJ -0.0011 Tc 0.0026 Tw -12.4491 -1.5449 Td [(Wo)-4(l)7(fram)10(,)-3( S. )6(Un)-4(iv)-4(ersality an)-4(d co)-4(m)10(p)-4(lex)-4(ity in)-4( )6(cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(mata, )]TJ /TT63 1 Tf -0.0004 Tc 0 Tw 25.1916 0 Td [(Physic)6(a)]TJ /TT60 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc -0.0018 Tw 3.1617 0 Td [(, )-6(v. )-6(10)-6(D, p)-6(.)-4( 1)-6(-)1(35)-6(, 1)-6(984)-6(. )]TJ -0.0013 Tc 0.0747 Tw -28.3533 -1.6467 Td [(Wu, )6(F. )6(A li)7(n)-4(g)2(u)-4(i)1(stic cellu)-4(lar )6(au)-4(to)-4(m)10(a)-1(ta si)-5(m)10(u)-4(latio)-4(n)-4( ap)-4(proach)]TJ 0.0018 Tc 0.0716 Tw 23.6946 0 Td [( )6(fo)5(r s)8(u)-1(st)4(ai)4(na)9(b)5(l)4(e ur)6(ba)9(n )6(de)9(vel)4(opm)13(ent)4( i)4(n)-1( a)9( fa)9(st)4( g)5(ro)5(w)-1(i)4(n)5(g)5( )]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0 Tw -23.6946 -1.1497 Td [(regi)11(on)5(, )]TJ /TT63 1 Tf 0.0012 Tc 0.0003 Tw 3.0539 0 Td [(C)4(o)4(m)5(p)-2(u)4(t)4(ers, E)7(n)-2(vi)4(ro)4(nm)5(ent)4( a)4(n)4(d)-2( )6(Ur)7(ba)4(n )6(Syst)4(ems)]TJ /TT60 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0068 Tw 18.0479 0 Td [(, v. 2)5(0)-1(,)7( )-6(p.)7( )-6(3)5(6)5(7)-1(-)6(3)5(87)5(, 19)5(96)5(. )]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0.2629 Tw -21.1018 -1.6467 Td [(Wu)5(, F.;)5( )6(We)9(bs)8(t)5(e)3(r, C)4(.)1( J.)7( Si)5(m)8(u)-1(l)5(a)3(t)5(i)5(on )6(of)6( l)5(a)3(n)5(d)-1( de)9(vel)11(opm)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.2671 Tw 22.8743 0 Td [(en)-5(t th)-5(roug)-5(h)-5( t)6(h)-5(e in)-5(teg)-5(r)-4(ation)-5( )6(of cellu)-5(lar au)-5(tomata an)-5(d)-5( )]TJ -0.0011 Tc 0.0026 Tw -22.8743 -1.1497 Td [(m)10(u)-4(l)-5(ticriteria ev)-4(alu)-4(atio)-4(n)-4(,)]TJ /TT63 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0063 Tw 9.5928 0 Td [( )-6(E)8(n)-1(vi)4(r)8(o)-1(n)5(m)-1(e)9(n)-1(t)4(a)-1(l)4( an)5(d Pl)4(an)5(ni)4(n)5(g)-1( )-6(B)]TJ /TT60 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0068 Tw 12.6946 0 Td [(, v.)7(25)5(, p. 1)5(0)-1(3)5(-)6(12)5(6,)7( )-6(1)5(9)-1(9)5(8)-1(. )]TJ -0.001 Tc 0.0264 Tw -22.2874 -1.5449 Td [(Yeh, A. )6(G.; Li, X. )6(Sim)10(u)-4(lat)-5(i)1(o)-4(n)2( o)-4(f)3( d)-4(e)6(v)-4(elop)-4(m)10(e)-6(n)-4(t altern)-4(ativ)]TJ -0.0009 Tc 22.5749 0 Td [(es )6(u)-4(s)-1(ing)-4( )6(n)-4(eural network)-4(s)5(, cellu)-4(l)8(ar au)-4(t)8(o)-4(m)11(ata, a)-6(n)-4(d GIS )6(for )]TJ 0.0024 Tc -0.0069 Tw -22.5749 -1.1497 Td [(ur)6(ba)9(n pl)5(an)5(ni)5(n)5(g)5(,)1( )]TJ /TT63 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0003 Tw 6.515 0 Td [(P)8(hot)10(ogr)8(a)5(m)-1(m)5(e)3(t)4(r)2(i)4(c)3( Engi)10(neeri)10(n)-1(g)5( a)5(n)5(d)-1( Re)9(m)5(o)-1(t)4(e)3( Se)9(nsi)4(n)5(g)]TJ /TT60 1 Tf -0.0022 Tc 0.0037 Tw 20.5689 0 Td [(, v. )6(6)-5(9)1(, p)-5(.)2( 104)-5(3-1)-5(052)-5(, )6(2)-5(003)-5(. )]TJ ET endstream endobj 433 0 obj 8756 endobj 434 0 obj << /Length 435 0 R >> stream /CS32 cs 0 0 0 sc 1 i /RelativeColorimetric ri /GS32 gs BT /TT64 1 Tf 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 733.5803 Tm ( )Tj 0 -1.1497 TD ( )Tj 0 g ET /GS33 gs BT /T1_16 9 Tf 1 0 0 1 287.492 28.8 Tm (3705)Tj /CS32 cs 0 0 0 sc ET /GS32 gs BT /TT64 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0294 Tw 12 0 0 12 106.38 731.7203 Tm [(The land us)5(e change simulations w)8(e)-1(re accom)8(p)1(lished by tw)8(o types of stochastic tran)6(sition )]TJ -0.0002 Tc 0.2502 Tw -1.775 -1.15 Td [(algorithm)8(s)-1( \226 \223expander\224 and \223patcher\224 \226 wh)]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.2479 Tw 19.315 0 Td (ich operate changes through expansion and )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1232 Tw -19.315 -1.15 Td [(diffusion, respectively. These sim)8(u)1(lations were )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.1244 Tw 19.76 0 Td (validated according to)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1195 Tw 9.145 0 Td [( a )-10(m)8(u)1(ltiple resolution)6( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.1646 Tw -28.905 -1.15 Td [(fitting m)8(e)-1(thod \(Constan)5(za, 1989\), and the va)]TJ 0.1638 Tw 18.875 0 Td [(lu)5(es obtained for windows 3x3, 5x5 and 9x9)5( )]TJ 0.0296 Tw -18.875 -1.15 Td (were 0.862682, 0.864872, and 0.864644, respectively for S1, S2, and S3. \ It is observable that )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1095 Tw 0 -1.15 TD [(the land use transitions com)8(p)1(ly with econom)]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.1105 Tw 18.55 0 Td (ic theories of urban growth and change)Tj /TT65 1 Tf 0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 503.04 662.7203 Tm (, )Tj /TT64 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 12 0 0 12 509.4 662.7203 Tm (which )Tj 0.0007 Tc 0.0003 Tw -35.36 -1.15 Td [(m)9(axi)-6(m)9(i)-1(ze consum)9(ers\264 and m)9(arkets\264 utilities in)]TJ 0.001 Tc -0.0017 Tw 18.53 0 Td [( te)5(rm)9(s of real s)5(t)-1(ate p)6(r)-1(ic)5(es a)5(nd access)5(i)-1(bility. )]TJ /TT65 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw -18.53 -2.16 Td (7.)Tj /TT66 1 Tf 0.75 0 Td ( )Tj /TT65 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 0.75 0 Td (Conclusions )Tj /TT64 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0024 Tw -1.5 -1.64 Td (Cities are open and non-linear co)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.0045 Tw 13.27 0 Td [(m)8(p)1(lex system)8(s. ANN though proved )]TJ 0.0009 Tc 0.0007 Tw 14.91 0 Td (to have the cap)Tj 0.0007 Tc -0.0007 Tw 6.03 0 Td (ability to )Tj 0.0002 Tc 0.1298 Tw -34.21 -1.15 Td (model non-linear features and handle well the )Tj 0.0001 Tc 19.49 0 Td [(uncertainties of spatial data. ANN h)-5(a)-1(ve two )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.0185 Tw -19.49 -1.15 Td [(m)8(a)-1(in disadvantages: they are black-box devises and )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0198 Tw 21.115 0 Td [(the user\264s intervention is still decisive for)-7( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.0896 Tw -21.115 -1.15 Td (the results quality. Further studies are needed )Tj 0.0897 Tw 19.025 0 Td (to assess the responsiveness of the simulation )Tj 0.0005 Tc -0.0011 Tw -19.025 -1.15 Td [(outputs in)6( face of changes in the type,)6( structur)]TJ 0.0007 Tc -0.0023 Tw 18.47 0 Td [(e an)6(d internal param)9(ete)]TJ 0.0004 Tc -0.0004 Tw 9.35 0 Td [(rs of the network.)5( )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0492 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 504.3803 Tm 0 -20.2096 TD [(Li, X.; )6(Ye)7(h, )6(A. G. Ne)7(ural-net)9(work-base)7(d)-3( cellular aut)9(o)-3(m)12(a)]TJ 0.0018 Tc 0.0476 Tw 23.1737 0 Td [(t)4(a)3( )-6(fo)5(r si)4(m)13(u)-1(l)4(a)3(t)4(i)4(ng m)13(u)-1(lt)4(i)4(p)-1(l)4(e)3( l)4(a)3(nd )6(use c)9(h)-1(an)5(ges )6(us)8(i)4(ng )6(GI)6(S)7(,)6( )]TJ /TT67 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0039 Tw -23.1737 -1.1437 Td [(In)-5(tern)-5(a)-5(tiona)-5(l Jo)-5(u)-5(r)4(na)-5(l )6(o)-5(f Geogra)-5(p)1(h)-5(ica)-5(l In)-5(fo)-5(rma)-5(tion)-5( )6(S)-5(c)-2(ience)]TJ /TT64 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc -0.003 Tw 23.7485 0 Td [(, )-6(v. 1)-4(6)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 32)-4(3-3)-4(4)2(3)-4(,)3( )-6(200)-4(2. )]TJ -0.0009 Tc 0.0144 Tw -23.7485 -1.5509 Td [(Pap)-4(i)2(n)-4(i)2(, L.; Rabin)-4(o)-4(,)-2( )6(G. A.; Co)-4(lo)-4(nn)-4(a, )6(A.; Di Stefano)-4(,)-2( )6(V.; Lo)]TJ -0.0008 Tc 23.479 0 Td [(m)11(b)-4(ardo)-4(, S. Learn)-4(i)2(ng)-4( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(to)-4(m)11(ata in)-4( a re)-6(al wo)-4(rl)8(d)-4(:)2( )]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.0988 Tw -23.479 -1.1437 Td [(th)-4(e case stud)-4(y)8( o)-4(f)-4( t)7(h)-4(e Ro)-4(m)10(e)-1( metro)-4(p)2(o)-4(litan)-4( area. In)-4(: Band)-4(i)7(n)-4(i,)]TJ -0.0007 Tc 0.098 Tw 24.1856 0 Td [( S.; Serra, )6(R; Liv)-4(eran)-4(i)2(, )6(F. S. ed. Cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)8(o)-4(m)11(ata)-6(:)-4( )]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.1152 Tw -24.1856 -1.1497 Td [(researc)7(h)-3( t)9(o)-3(wa)7(rds industry. )]TJ /TT67 1 Tf -0.004 Tc 0 Tw 11.0958 0 Td [(ACR)-4(I)-6(\2649)-7(6)]TJ /TT64 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.1168 Tw 3.5509 0 Td [(: )6(Pro)-4(c)-1(eed)-4(i)1(ng)-4(s )6(o)-4(f)2( th)-4(e )6(Th)-4(ird)-4( C)7(o)-4(nferen)-4(ce )6(o)-4(n)2( Cellu)-4(lar Au)-4(to)-4(m)10(a)-1(ta for Research )]TJ -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw -14.6467 -1.1497 Td [(an)-5(d Ind)-5(u)-5(s)-3(t)6(r)-5(y, Lo)-5(ndo)-5(n)-5(: )6(Spr)-5(ing)-5(er)-5(-V)-5(er)-5(lag)-5(,)-4( )6(p)-5(.)2( 165)-5(-18)-5(3)1(, )6(1)-5(998)-5(. )]TJ -0.0009 Tc 0.0263 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Po)-4(rt)8(ug)-4(ali, J.; Ben)-4(enson)-4(, )6(I.; Omer, I. City: th)]TJ 0.0012 Tc 0.0242 Tw 17.6766 0 Td [(e gree)8(ns a)8(nd t)10(h)4(e bl)4(ues. )6(I)5(n)-2(:)4( Po)4(r)5(t)4(ugal)4(i)4(, J. e)8(d)-2(. )]TJ /TT67 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc 0.0233 Tw 17.3892 0 Td [(Se)9(l)5(f)5(-org)5(a)5(n)-1(i)5(z)2(at)5(i)5(o)5(n)5( an)5(d t)5(h)-1(e )]TJ -0.002 Tc 0 Tw -35.0659 -1.1497 Td (city)Tj /TT64 1 Tf 0.0001 Tc 0.0014 Tw 1.4371 0 Td [(, Berlin: S)5(p)3(ringer)4(-Ve)7(r)-2(lag,)5( )6(chap.5, )6(1999. )]TJ -0.0004 Tc 0.0258 Tw -1.4371 -1.6467 Td [(Ru)-3(m)11(elh)-3(art, D. )6(E.; Hin)-3(t)8(o)-3(n)3(, G. )6(E.; )6(W)-9(illia)-6(m)11(s, )-6(R. J. L)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0275 Tw 20.2575 0 Td [(earn)-5(ing)-5( )6(represen)-5(tatio)-5(n)-5(s)4( b)-5(y)1( b)-5(a)-1(ck)-5(-p)-5(rop)-5(a)5(g)-5(a)-1(tio)-5(n)-5( errors, )]TJ /TT67 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 20.9641 0 Td [(Na)-4(tu)-4(re)]TJ /TT64 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc 0.0172 Tw 2.7784 0 Td [(, v.)7( )]TJ -0.002 Tc -0.0025 Tw -44 -1.1437 Td [(3)-5(2)1(3)-5(,)3( )-6(p. 5)-5(33-)-4(536)-5(, 19)-5(86)-5( )]TJ 0.0016 Tc 0.3472 Tw T* [(Whi)4(t)4(e)2(, R)4(. )6(W.)6(;)4( Engel)4(e)2(n)5(, G.)6( C)4(e)2(l)4(l)4(u)-1(l)4(a)2(r aut)4(o)-1(m)13(a)2(t)4(on as t)4(h)-1(e basi)4(s of i)4(n)-1(t)10(e)2(grat)4(e)8(d)-1( dy)5(na)8(m)7(i)4(c regi)4(onal)4( m)13(odel)4(l)4(i)4(ng,)6( )]TJ /TT67 1 Tf -0.0021 Tc 0.0036 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(En)-5(vironm)-4(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plann)-5(ing)-5( )6(B)]TJ /TT64 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw 12.4491 0 Td [(, v)-4(.)3(2)-4(4)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 23)-4(5-)-4(246)-4(, 19)-4(97)-4(. )]TJ -0.0011 Tc 0.0026 Tw -12.4491 -1.5449 Td [(Wo)-4(l)7(fram)10(,)-3( S. )6(Un)-4(iv)-4(ersality an)-4(d co)-4(m)10(p)-4(lex)-4(ity in)-4( )6(cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(mata, )]TJ /TT67 1 Tf -0.0004 Tc 0 Tw 25.1916 0 Td [(Physic)6(a)]TJ /TT64 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc -0.0018 Tw 3.1617 0 Td [(, )-6(v. )-6(10)-6(D, p)-6(.)-4( 1)-6(-)1(35)-6(, 1)-6(984)-6(. )]TJ -0.0013 Tc 0.0747 Tw -28.3533 -1.6467 Td [(Wu, )6(F. )6(A li)7(n)-4(g)2(u)-4(i)1(stic cellu)-4(lar )6(au)-4(to)-4(m)10(a)-1(ta si)-5(m)10(u)-4(latio)-4(n)-4( ap)-4(proach)]TJ 0.0018 Tc 0.0716 Tw 23.6946 0 Td [( )6(fo)5(r s)8(u)-1(st)4(ai)4(na)9(b)5(l)4(e ur)6(ba)9(n )6(de)9(vel)4(opm)13(ent)4( i)4(n)-1( a)9( fa)9(st)4( g)5(ro)5(w)-1(i)4(n)5(g)5( )]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0 Tw -23.6946 -1.1497 Td [(regi)11(on)5(, )]TJ /TT67 1 Tf 0.0012 Tc 0.0003 Tw 3.0539 0 Td [(C)4(o)4(m)5(p)-2(u)4(t)4(ers, E)7(n)-2(vi)4(ro)4(nm)5(ent)4( a)4(n)4(d)-2( )6(Ur)7(ba)4(n )6(Syst)4(ems)]TJ /TT64 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0068 Tw 18.0479 0 Td [(, v. 2)5(0)-1(,)7( )-6(p.)7( )-6(3)5(6)5(7)-1(-)6(3)5(87)5(, 19)5(96)5(. )]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0.2629 Tw -21.1018 -1.6467 Td [(Wu)5(, F.;)5( )6(We)9(bs)8(t)5(e)3(r, C)4(.)1( J.)7( Si)5(m)8(u)-1(l)5(a)3(t)5(i)5(on )6(of)6( l)5(a)3(n)5(d)-1( de)9(vel)11(opm)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.2671 Tw 22.8743 0 Td [(en)-5(t th)-5(roug)-5(h)-5( t)6(h)-5(e in)-5(teg)-5(r)-4(ation)-5( )6(of cellu)-5(lar au)-5(tomata an)-5(d)-5( )]TJ -0.0011 Tc 0.0026 Tw -22.8743 -1.1497 Td [(m)10(u)-4(l)-5(ticriteria ev)-4(alu)-4(atio)-4(n)-4(,)]TJ /TT67 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0063 Tw 9.5928 0 Td [( )-6(E)8(n)-1(vi)4(r)8(o)-1(n)5(m)-1(e)9(n)-1(t)4(a)-1(l)4( an)5(d Pl)4(an)5(ni)4(n)5(g)-1( )-6(B)]TJ /TT64 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0068 Tw 12.6946 0 Td [(, v.)7(25)5(, p. 1)5(0)-1(3)5(-)6(12)5(6,)7( )-6(1)5(9)-1(9)5(8)-1(. )]TJ -0.001 Tc 0.0264 Tw -22.2874 -1.5449 Td [(Yeh, A. )6(G.; Li, X. )6(Sim)10(u)-4(lat)-5(i)1(o)-4(n)2( o)-4(f)3( d)-4(e)6(v)-4(elop)-4(m)10(e)-6(n)-4(t altern)-4(ativ)]TJ -0.0009 Tc 22.5749 0 Td [(es )6(u)-4(s)-1(ing)-4( )6(n)-4(eural network)-4(s)5(, cellu)-4(l)8(ar au)-4(t)8(o)-4(m)11(ata, a)-6(n)-4(d GIS )6(for )]TJ 0.0024 Tc -0.0069 Tw -22.5749 -1.1497 Td [(ur)6(ba)9(n pl)5(an)5(ni)5(n)5(g)5(,)1( )]TJ /TT67 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0003 Tw 6.515 0 Td [(P)8(hot)10(ogr)8(a)5(m)-1(m)5(e)3(t)4(r)2(i)4(c)3( Engi)10(neeri)10(n)-1(g)5( a)5(n)5(d)-1( Re)9(m)5(o)-1(t)4(e)3( Se)9(nsi)4(n)5(g)]TJ /TT64 1 Tf -0.0022 Tc 0.0037 Tw 20.5689 0 Td [(, v. )6(6)-5(9)1(, p)-5(.)2( 104)-5(3-1)-5(052)-5(, )6(2)-5(003)-5(. )]TJ ET endstream endobj 435 0 obj 8682 endobj 436 0 obj << /Length 437 0 R >> stream /CS34 cs 0 0 0 sc 1 i /RelativeColorimetric ri /GS34 gs BT /TT68 1 Tf 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 733.5803 Tm ( )Tj 0 -1.1497 TD ( )Tj 0 g ET /GS35 gs BT /T1_17 9 Tf 1 0 0 1 287.492 28.8 Tm (3705)Tj /CS34 cs 0 0 0 sc ET /GS34 gs BT /TT68 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0294 Tw 12 0 0 12 106.38 731.7203 Tm [(The land us)5(e change simulations w)8(e)-1(re accom)8(p)1(lished by tw)8(o types of stochastic tran)6(sition )]TJ -0.0002 Tc 0.2502 Tw -1.775 -1.15 Td [(algorithm)8(s)-1( \226 \223expander\224 and \223patcher\224 \226 wh)]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.2479 Tw 19.315 0 Td (ich operate changes through expansion and )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1232 Tw -19.315 -1.15 Td [(diffusion, respectively. These sim)8(u)1(lations were )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.1244 Tw 19.76 0 Td (validated according to)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1195 Tw 9.145 0 Td [( a )-10(m)8(u)1(ltiple resolution)6( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.1646 Tw -28.905 -1.15 Td [(fitting m)8(e)-1(thod \(Constan)5(za, 1989\), and the va)]TJ 0.1638 Tw 18.875 0 Td [(lu)5(es obtained for windows 3x3, 5x5 and 9x9)5( )]TJ 0.0296 Tw -18.875 -1.15 Td (were 0.862682, 0.864872, and 0.864644, respectively for S1, S2, and S3. \ It is observable that )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1095 Tw 0 -1.15 TD [(the land use transitions com)8(p)1(ly with econom)]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.1105 Tw 18.55 0 Td (ic theories of urban growth and change)Tj /TT69 1 Tf 0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 503.04 662.7203 Tm (, )Tj /TT68 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 12 0 0 12 509.4 662.7203 Tm (which )Tj 0.0007 Tc 0.0003 Tw -35.36 -1.15 Td [(m)9(axi)-6(m)9(i)-1(ze consum)9(ers\264 and m)9(arkets\264 utilities in)]TJ 0.001 Tc -0.0017 Tw 18.53 0 Td [( te)5(rm)9(s of real s)5(t)-1(ate p)6(r)-1(ic)5(es a)5(nd access)5(i)-1(bility. )]TJ /TT69 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw -18.53 -2.16 Td (7.)Tj /TT70 1 Tf 0.75 0 Td ( )Tj /TT69 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 0.75 0 Td (Conclusions )Tj /TT68 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0024 Tw -1.5 -1.64 Td (Cities are open and non-linear co)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.0045 Tw 13.27 0 Td [(m)8(p)1(lex system)8(s. ANN though proved )]TJ 0.0009 Tc 0.0007 Tw 14.91 0 Td (to have the cap)Tj 0.0007 Tc -0.0007 Tw 6.03 0 Td (ability to )Tj 0.0002 Tc 0.1298 Tw -34.21 -1.15 Td (model non-linear features and handle well the )Tj 0.0001 Tc 19.49 0 Td [(uncertainties of spatial data. ANN h)-5(a)-1(ve two )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.0185 Tw -19.49 -1.15 Td [(m)8(a)-1(in disadvantages: they are black-box devises and )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0198 Tw 21.115 0 Td [(the user\264s intervention is still decisive for)-7( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.0896 Tw -21.115 -1.15 Td (the results quality. Further studies are needed )Tj 0.0897 Tw 19.025 0 Td (to assess the responsiveness of the simulation )Tj 0.0002 Tc 0.0492 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 504.3803 Tm 0 -20.2096 TD [(Li, X.; )6(Ye)7(h, )6(A. G. Ne)7(ural-net)9(work-base)7(d)-3( cellular aut)9(o)-3(m)12(a)]TJ 0.0018 Tc 0.0476 Tw 23.1737 0 Td [(t)4(a)3( )-6(fo)5(r si)4(m)13(u)-1(l)4(a)3(t)4(i)4(ng m)13(u)-1(lt)4(i)4(p)-1(l)4(e)3( l)4(a)3(nd )6(use c)9(h)-1(an)5(ges )6(us)8(i)4(ng )6(GI)6(S)7(,)6( )]TJ /TT71 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0039 Tw -23.1737 -1.1437 Td [(In)-5(tern)-5(a)-5(tiona)-5(l Jo)-5(u)-5(r)4(na)-5(l )6(o)-5(f Geogra)-5(p)1(h)-5(ica)-5(l In)-5(fo)-5(rma)-5(tion)-5( )6(S)-5(c)-2(ience)]TJ /TT68 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc -0.003 Tw 23.7485 0 Td [(, )-6(v. 1)-4(6)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 32)-4(3-3)-4(4)2(3)-4(,)3( )-6(200)-4(2. )]TJ -0.0009 Tc 0.0144 Tw -23.7485 -1.5509 Td [(Pap)-4(i)2(n)-4(i)2(, L.; Rabin)-4(o)-4(,)-2( )6(G. A.; Co)-4(lo)-4(nn)-4(a, )6(A.; Di Stefano)-4(,)-2( )6(V.; Lo)]TJ -0.0008 Tc 23.479 0 Td [(m)11(b)-4(ardo)-4(, S. Learn)-4(i)2(ng)-4( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(to)-4(m)11(ata in)-4( a re)-6(al wo)-4(rl)8(d)-4(:)2( )]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.0988 Tw -23.479 -1.1437 Td [(th)-4(e case stud)-4(y)8( o)-4(f)-4( t)7(h)-4(e Ro)-4(m)10(e)-1( metro)-4(p)2(o)-4(litan)-4( area. In)-4(: Band)-4(i)7(n)-4(i,)]TJ -0.0007 Tc 0.098 Tw 24.1856 0 Td [( S.; Serra, )6(R; Liv)-4(eran)-4(i)2(, )6(F. S. ed. Cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)8(o)-4(m)11(ata)-6(:)-4( )]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.1152 Tw -24.1856 -1.1497 Td [(researc)7(h)-3( t)9(o)-3(wa)7(rds industry. )]TJ /TT71 1 Tf -0.004 Tc 0 Tw 11.0958 0 Td [(ACR)-4(I)-6(\2649)-7(6)]TJ /TT68 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.1168 Tw 3.5509 0 Td [(: )6(Pro)-4(c)-1(eed)-4(i)1(ng)-4(s )6(o)-4(f)2( th)-4(e )6(Th)-4(ird)-4( C)7(o)-4(nferen)-4(ce )6(o)-4(n)2( Cellu)-4(lar Au)-4(to)-4(m)10(a)-1(ta for Research )]TJ -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw -14.6467 -1.1497 Td [(an)-5(d Ind)-5(u)-5(s)-3(t)6(r)-5(y, Lo)-5(ndo)-5(n)-5(: )6(Spr)-5(ing)-5(er)-5(-V)-5(er)-5(lag)-5(,)-4( )6(p)-5(.)2( 165)-5(-18)-5(3)1(, )6(1)-5(998)-5(. )]TJ -0.0009 Tc 0.0263 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Po)-4(rt)8(ug)-4(ali, J.; Ben)-4(enson)-4(, )6(I.; Omer, I. City: th)]TJ 0.0012 Tc 0.0242 Tw 17.6766 0 Td [(e gree)8(ns a)8(nd t)10(h)4(e bl)4(ues. )6(I)5(n)-2(:)4( Po)4(r)5(t)4(ugal)4(i)4(, J. e)8(d)-2(. )]TJ /TT71 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc 0.0233 Tw 17.3892 0 Td [(Se)9(l)5(f)5(-org)5(a)5(n)-1(i)5(z)2(at)5(i)5(o)5(n)5( an)5(d t)5(h)-1(e )]TJ -0.002 Tc 0 Tw -35.0659 -1.1497 Td (city)Tj /TT68 1 Tf 0.0001 Tc 0.0014 Tw 1.4371 0 Td [(, Berlin: S)5(p)3(ringer)4(-Ve)7(r)-2(lag,)5( )6(chap.5, )6(1999. )]TJ -0.0004 Tc 0.0258 Tw -1.4371 -1.6467 Td [(Ru)-3(m)11(elh)-3(art, D. )6(E.; Hin)-3(t)8(o)-3(n)3(, G. )6(E.; )6(W)-9(illia)-6(m)11(s, )-6(R. J. L)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0275 Tw 20.2575 0 Td [(earn)-5(ing)-5( )6(represen)-5(tatio)-5(n)-5(s)4( b)-5(y)1( b)-5(a)-1(ck)-5(-p)-5(rop)-5(a)5(g)-5(a)-1(tio)-5(n)-5( errors, )]TJ /TT71 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 20.9641 0 Td [(Na)-4(tu)-4(re)]TJ /TT68 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc 0.0172 Tw 2.7784 0 Td [(, v.)7( )]TJ -0.002 Tc -0.0025 Tw -44 -1.1437 Td [(3)-5(2)1(3)-5(,)3( )-6(p. 5)-5(33-)-4(536)-5(, 19)-5(86)-5( )]TJ 0.0016 Tc 0.3472 Tw T* [(Whi)4(t)4(e)2(, R)4(. )6(W.)6(;)4( Engel)4(e)2(n)5(, G.)6( C)4(e)2(l)4(l)4(u)-1(l)4(a)2(r aut)4(o)-1(m)13(a)2(t)4(on as t)4(h)-1(e basi)4(s of i)4(n)-1(t)10(e)2(grat)4(e)8(d)-1( dy)5(na)8(m)7(i)4(c regi)4(onal)4( m)13(odel)4(l)4(i)4(ng,)6( )]TJ /TT71 1 Tf -0.0021 Tc 0.0036 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(En)-5(vironm)-4(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plann)-5(ing)-5( )6(B)]TJ /TT68 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw 12.4491 0 Td [(, v)-4(.)3(2)-4(4)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 23)-4(5-)-4(246)-4(, 19)-4(97)-4(. )]TJ -0.0011 Tc 0.0026 Tw -12.4491 -1.5449 Td [(Wo)-4(l)7(fram)10(,)-3( S. )6(Un)-4(iv)-4(ersality an)-4(d co)-4(m)10(p)-4(lex)-4(ity in)-4( )6(cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(mata, )]TJ /TT71 1 Tf -0.0004 Tc 0 Tw 25.1916 0 Td [(Physic)6(a)]TJ /TT68 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc -0.0018 Tw 3.1617 0 Td [(, )-6(v. )-6(10)-6(D, p)-6(.)-4( 1)-6(-)1(35)-6(, 1)-6(984)-6(. )]TJ -0.0013 Tc 0.0747 Tw -28.3533 -1.6467 Td [(Wu, )6(F. )6(A li)7(n)-4(g)2(u)-4(i)1(stic cellu)-4(lar )6(au)-4(to)-4(m)10(a)-1(ta si)-5(m)10(u)-4(latio)-4(n)-4( ap)-4(proach)]TJ 0.0018 Tc 0.0716 Tw 23.6946 0 Td [( )6(fo)5(r s)8(u)-1(st)4(ai)4(na)9(b)5(l)4(e ur)6(ba)9(n )6(de)9(vel)4(opm)13(ent)4( i)4(n)-1( a)9( fa)9(st)4( g)5(ro)5(w)-1(i)4(n)5(g)5( )]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0 Tw -23.6946 -1.1497 Td [(regi)11(on)5(, )]TJ /TT71 1 Tf 0.0012 Tc 0.0003 Tw 3.0539 0 Td [(C)4(o)4(m)5(p)-2(u)4(t)4(ers, E)7(n)-2(vi)4(ro)4(nm)5(ent)4( a)4(n)4(d)-2( )6(Ur)7(ba)4(n )6(Syst)4(ems)]TJ /TT68 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0068 Tw 18.0479 0 Td [(, v. 2)5(0)-1(,)7( )-6(p.)7( )-6(3)5(6)5(7)-1(-)6(3)5(87)5(, 19)5(96)5(. )]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0.2629 Tw -21.1018 -1.6467 Td [(Wu)5(, F.;)5( )6(We)9(bs)8(t)5(e)3(r, C)4(.)1( J.)7( Si)5(m)8(u)-1(l)5(a)3(t)5(i)5(on )6(of)6( l)5(a)3(n)5(d)-1( de)9(vel)11(opm)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.2671 Tw 22.8743 0 Td [(en)-5(t th)-5(roug)-5(h)-5( t)6(h)-5(e in)-5(teg)-5(r)-4(ation)-5( )6(of cellu)-5(lar au)-5(tomata an)-5(d)-5( )]TJ -0.0011 Tc 0.0026 Tw -22.8743 -1.1497 Td [(m)10(u)-4(l)-5(ticriteria ev)-4(alu)-4(atio)-4(n)-4(,)]TJ /TT71 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0063 Tw 9.5928 0 Td [( )-6(E)8(n)-1(vi)4(r)8(o)-1(n)5(m)-1(e)9(n)-1(t)4(a)-1(l)4( an)5(d Pl)4(an)5(ni)4(n)5(g)-1( )-6(B)]TJ /TT68 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0068 Tw 12.6946 0 Td [(, v.)7(25)5(, p. 1)5(0)-1(3)5(-)6(12)5(6,)7( )-6(1)5(9)-1(9)5(8)-1(. )]TJ -0.001 Tc 0.0264 Tw -22.2874 -1.5449 Td [(Yeh, A. )6(G.; Li, X. )6(Sim)10(u)-4(lat)-5(i)1(o)-4(n)2( o)-4(f)3( d)-4(e)6(v)-4(elop)-4(m)10(e)-6(n)-4(t altern)-4(ativ)]TJ -0.0009 Tc 22.5749 0 Td [(es )6(u)-4(s)-1(ing)-4( )6(n)-4(eural network)-4(s)5(, cellu)-4(l)8(ar au)-4(t)8(o)-4(m)11(ata, a)-6(n)-4(d GIS )6(for )]TJ 0.0024 Tc -0.0069 Tw -22.5749 -1.1497 Td [(ur)6(ba)9(n pl)5(an)5(ni)5(n)5(g)5(,)1( )]TJ /TT71 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0003 Tw 6.515 0 Td [(P)8(hot)10(ogr)8(a)5(m)-1(m)5(e)3(t)4(r)2(i)4(c)3( Engi)10(neeri)10(n)-1(g)5( a)5(n)5(d)-1( Re)9(m)5(o)-1(t)4(e)3( Se)9(nsi)4(n)5(g)]TJ /TT68 1 Tf -0.0022 Tc 0.0037 Tw 20.5689 0 Td [(, v. )6(6)-5(9)1(, p)-5(.)2( 104)-5(3-1)-5(052)-5(, )6(2)-5(003)-5(. )]TJ ET endstream endobj 437 0 obj 8455 endobj 438 0 obj << /Length 439 0 R >> stream /CS36 cs 0 0 0 sc 1 i /RelativeColorimetric ri /GS36 gs BT /TT72 1 Tf 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 733.5803 Tm ( )Tj 0 -1.1497 TD ( )Tj 0 g ET /GS37 gs BT /T1_18 9 Tf 1 0 0 1 287.492 28.8 Tm (3705)Tj /CS36 cs 0 0 0 sc ET /GS36 gs BT /TT72 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0294 Tw 12 0 0 12 106.38 731.7203 Tm [(The land us)5(e change simulations w)8(e)-1(re accom)8(p)1(lished by tw)8(o types of stochastic tran)6(sition )]TJ -0.0002 Tc 0.2502 Tw -1.775 -1.15 Td [(algorithm)8(s)-1( \226 \223expander\224 and \223patcher\224 \226 wh)]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.2479 Tw 19.315 0 Td (ich operate changes through expansion and )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1232 Tw -19.315 -1.15 Td [(diffusion, respectively. These sim)8(u)1(lations were )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.1244 Tw 19.76 0 Td (validated according to)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1195 Tw 9.145 0 Td [( a )-10(m)8(u)1(ltiple resolution)6( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.1646 Tw -28.905 -1.15 Td [(fitting m)8(e)-1(thod \(Constan)5(za, 1989\), and the va)]TJ 0.1638 Tw 18.875 0 Td [(lu)5(es obtained for windows 3x3, 5x5 and 9x9)5( )]TJ 0.0296 Tw -18.875 -1.15 Td (were 0.862682, 0.864872, and 0.864644, respectively for S1, S2, and S3. \ It is observable that )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1095 Tw 0 -1.15 TD [(the land use transitions com)8(p)1(ly with econom)]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.1105 Tw 18.55 0 Td (ic theories of urban growth and change)Tj /TT73 1 Tf 0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 503.04 662.7203 Tm (, )Tj /TT72 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 12 0 0 12 509.4 662.7203 Tm (which )Tj 0.0007 Tc 0.0003 Tw -35.36 -1.15 Td [(m)9(axi)-6(m)9(i)-1(ze consum)9(ers\264 and m)9(arkets\264 utilities in)]TJ 0.001 Tc -0.0017 Tw 18.53 0 Td [( te)5(rm)9(s of real s)5(t)-1(ate p)6(r)-1(ic)5(es a)5(nd access)5(i)-1(bility. )]TJ /TT73 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw -18.53 -2.16 Td (7.)Tj /TT74 1 Tf 0.75 0 Td ( )Tj /TT73 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 0.75 0 Td (Conclusions )Tj /TT72 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0024 Tw -1.5 -1.64 Td (Cities are open and non-linear co)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.0045 Tw 13.27 0 Td [(m)8(p)1(lex system)8(s. ANN though proved )]TJ 0.0009 Tc 0.0007 Tw 14.91 0 Td (to have the cap)Tj 0.0007 Tc -0.0007 Tw 6.03 0 Td (ability to )Tj 0.0002 Tc 0.1298 Tw -34.21 -1.15 Td (model non-linear features and handle well the )Tj 0.0001 Tc 19.49 0 Td [(uncertainties of spatial data. ANN h)-5(a)-1(ve two )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.0185 Tw -19.49 -1.15 Td [(m)8(a)-1(in disadvantages: they are black-box devises and )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0198 Tw 21.115 0 Td [(the user\264s intervention is still decisive for)-7( )]TJ 0.0492 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 504.3803 Tm 0 -20.2096 TD [(Li, X.; )6(Ye)7(h, )6(A. G. Ne)7(ural-net)9(work-base)7(d)-3( cellular aut)9(o)-3(m)12(a)]TJ 0.0018 Tc 0.0476 Tw 23.1737 0 Td [(t)4(a)3( )-6(fo)5(r si)4(m)13(u)-1(l)4(a)3(t)4(i)4(ng m)13(u)-1(lt)4(i)4(p)-1(l)4(e)3( l)4(a)3(nd )6(use c)9(h)-1(an)5(ges )6(us)8(i)4(ng )6(GI)6(S)7(,)6( )]TJ /TT75 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0039 Tw -23.1737 -1.1437 Td [(In)-5(tern)-5(a)-5(tiona)-5(l Jo)-5(u)-5(r)4(na)-5(l )6(o)-5(f Geogra)-5(p)1(h)-5(ica)-5(l In)-5(fo)-5(rma)-5(tion)-5( )6(S)-5(c)-2(ience)]TJ /TT72 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc -0.003 Tw 23.7485 0 Td [(, )-6(v. 1)-4(6)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 32)-4(3-3)-4(4)2(3)-4(,)3( )-6(200)-4(2. )]TJ -0.0009 Tc 0.0144 Tw -23.7485 -1.5509 Td [(Pap)-4(i)2(n)-4(i)2(, L.; Rabin)-4(o)-4(,)-2( )6(G. A.; Co)-4(lo)-4(nn)-4(a, )6(A.; Di Stefano)-4(,)-2( )6(V.; Lo)]TJ -0.0008 Tc 23.479 0 Td [(m)11(b)-4(ardo)-4(, S. Learn)-4(i)2(ng)-4( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(to)-4(m)11(ata in)-4( a re)-6(al wo)-4(rl)8(d)-4(:)2( )]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.0988 Tw -23.479 -1.1437 Td [(th)-4(e case stud)-4(y)8( o)-4(f)-4( t)7(h)-4(e Ro)-4(m)10(e)-1( metro)-4(p)2(o)-4(litan)-4( area. In)-4(: Band)-4(i)7(n)-4(i,)]TJ -0.0007 Tc 0.098 Tw 24.1856 0 Td [( S.; Serra, )6(R; Liv)-4(eran)-4(i)2(, )6(F. S. ed. Cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)8(o)-4(m)11(ata)-6(:)-4( )]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.1152 Tw -24.1856 -1.1497 Td [(researc)7(h)-3( t)9(o)-3(wa)7(rds industry. )]TJ /TT75 1 Tf -0.004 Tc 0 Tw 11.0958 0 Td [(ACR)-4(I)-6(\2649)-7(6)]TJ /TT72 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.1168 Tw 3.5509 0 Td [(: )6(Pro)-4(c)-1(eed)-4(i)1(ng)-4(s )6(o)-4(f)2( th)-4(e )6(Th)-4(ird)-4( C)7(o)-4(nferen)-4(ce )6(o)-4(n)2( Cellu)-4(lar Au)-4(to)-4(m)10(a)-1(ta for Research )]TJ -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw -14.6467 -1.1497 Td [(an)-5(d Ind)-5(u)-5(s)-3(t)6(r)-5(y, Lo)-5(ndo)-5(n)-5(: )6(Spr)-5(ing)-5(er)-5(-V)-5(er)-5(lag)-5(,)-4( )6(p)-5(.)2( 165)-5(-18)-5(3)1(, )6(1)-5(998)-5(. )]TJ -0.0009 Tc 0.0263 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Po)-4(rt)8(ug)-4(ali, J.; Ben)-4(enson)-4(, )6(I.; Omer, I. City: th)]TJ 0.0012 Tc 0.0242 Tw 17.6766 0 Td [(e gree)8(ns a)8(nd t)10(h)4(e bl)4(ues. )6(I)5(n)-2(:)4( Po)4(r)5(t)4(ugal)4(i)4(, J. e)8(d)-2(. )]TJ /TT75 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc 0.0233 Tw 17.3892 0 Td [(Se)9(l)5(f)5(-org)5(a)5(n)-1(i)5(z)2(at)5(i)5(o)5(n)5( an)5(d t)5(h)-1(e )]TJ -0.002 Tc 0 Tw -35.0659 -1.1497 Td (city)Tj /TT72 1 Tf 0.0001 Tc 0.0014 Tw 1.4371 0 Td [(, Berlin: S)5(p)3(ringer)4(-Ve)7(r)-2(lag,)5( )6(chap.5, )6(1999. )]TJ -0.0004 Tc 0.0258 Tw -1.4371 -1.6467 Td [(Ru)-3(m)11(elh)-3(art, D. )6(E.; Hin)-3(t)8(o)-3(n)3(, G. )6(E.; )6(W)-9(illia)-6(m)11(s, )-6(R. J. L)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0275 Tw 20.2575 0 Td [(earn)-5(ing)-5( )6(represen)-5(tatio)-5(n)-5(s)4( b)-5(y)1( b)-5(a)-1(ck)-5(-p)-5(rop)-5(a)5(g)-5(a)-1(tio)-5(n)-5( errors, )]TJ /TT75 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 20.9641 0 Td [(Na)-4(tu)-4(re)]TJ /TT72 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc 0.0172 Tw 2.7784 0 Td [(, v.)7( )]TJ -0.002 Tc -0.0025 Tw -44 -1.1437 Td [(3)-5(2)1(3)-5(,)3( )-6(p. 5)-5(33-)-4(536)-5(, 19)-5(86)-5( )]TJ 0.0016 Tc 0.3472 Tw T* [(Whi)4(t)4(e)2(, R)4(. )6(W.)6(;)4( Engel)4(e)2(n)5(, G.)6( C)4(e)2(l)4(l)4(u)-1(l)4(a)2(r aut)4(o)-1(m)13(a)2(t)4(on as t)4(h)-1(e basi)4(s of i)4(n)-1(t)10(e)2(grat)4(e)8(d)-1( dy)5(na)8(m)7(i)4(c regi)4(onal)4( m)13(odel)4(l)4(i)4(ng,)6( )]TJ /TT75 1 Tf -0.0021 Tc 0.0036 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(En)-5(vironm)-4(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plann)-5(ing)-5( )6(B)]TJ /TT72 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw 12.4491 0 Td [(, v)-4(.)3(2)-4(4)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 23)-4(5-)-4(246)-4(, 19)-4(97)-4(. )]TJ -0.0011 Tc 0.0026 Tw -12.4491 -1.5449 Td [(Wo)-4(l)7(fram)10(,)-3( S. )6(Un)-4(iv)-4(ersality an)-4(d co)-4(m)10(p)-4(lex)-4(ity in)-4( )6(cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(mata, )]TJ /TT75 1 Tf -0.0004 Tc 0 Tw 25.1916 0 Td [(Physic)6(a)]TJ /TT72 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc -0.0018 Tw 3.1617 0 Td [(, )-6(v. )-6(10)-6(D, p)-6(.)-4( 1)-6(-)1(35)-6(, 1)-6(984)-6(. )]TJ -0.0013 Tc 0.0747 Tw -28.3533 -1.6467 Td [(Wu, )6(F. )6(A li)7(n)-4(g)2(u)-4(i)1(stic cellu)-4(lar )6(au)-4(to)-4(m)10(a)-1(ta si)-5(m)10(u)-4(latio)-4(n)-4( ap)-4(proach)]TJ 0.0018 Tc 0.0716 Tw 23.6946 0 Td [( )6(fo)5(r s)8(u)-1(st)4(ai)4(na)9(b)5(l)4(e ur)6(ba)9(n )6(de)9(vel)4(opm)13(ent)4( i)4(n)-1( a)9( fa)9(st)4( g)5(ro)5(w)-1(i)4(n)5(g)5( )]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0 Tw -23.6946 -1.1497 Td [(regi)11(on)5(, )]TJ /TT75 1 Tf 0.0012 Tc 0.0003 Tw 3.0539 0 Td [(C)4(o)4(m)5(p)-2(u)4(t)4(ers, E)7(n)-2(vi)4(ro)4(nm)5(ent)4( a)4(n)4(d)-2( )6(Ur)7(ba)4(n )6(Syst)4(ems)]TJ /TT72 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0068 Tw 18.0479 0 Td [(, v. 2)5(0)-1(,)7( )-6(p.)7( )-6(3)5(6)5(7)-1(-)6(3)5(87)5(, 19)5(96)5(. )]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0.2629 Tw -21.1018 -1.6467 Td [(Wu)5(, F.;)5( )6(We)9(bs)8(t)5(e)3(r, C)4(.)1( J.)7( Si)5(m)8(u)-1(l)5(a)3(t)5(i)5(on )6(of)6( l)5(a)3(n)5(d)-1( de)9(vel)11(opm)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.2671 Tw 22.8743 0 Td [(en)-5(t th)-5(roug)-5(h)-5( t)6(h)-5(e in)-5(teg)-5(r)-4(ation)-5( )6(of cellu)-5(lar au)-5(tomata an)-5(d)-5( )]TJ -0.0011 Tc 0.0026 Tw -22.8743 -1.1497 Td [(m)10(u)-4(l)-5(ticriteria ev)-4(alu)-4(atio)-4(n)-4(,)]TJ /TT75 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0063 Tw 9.5928 0 Td [( )-6(E)8(n)-1(vi)4(r)8(o)-1(n)5(m)-1(e)9(n)-1(t)4(a)-1(l)4( an)5(d Pl)4(an)5(ni)4(n)5(g)-1( )-6(B)]TJ /TT72 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0068 Tw 12.6946 0 Td [(, v.)7(25)5(, p. 1)5(0)-1(3)5(-)6(12)5(6,)7( )-6(1)5(9)-1(9)5(8)-1(. )]TJ -0.001 Tc 0.0264 Tw -22.2874 -1.5449 Td [(Yeh, A. )6(G.; Li, X. )6(Sim)10(u)-4(lat)-5(i)1(o)-4(n)2( o)-4(f)3( d)-4(e)6(v)-4(elop)-4(m)10(e)-6(n)-4(t altern)-4(ativ)]TJ -0.0009 Tc 22.5749 0 Td [(es )6(u)-4(s)-1(ing)-4( )6(n)-4(eural network)-4(s)5(, cellu)-4(l)8(ar au)-4(t)8(o)-4(m)11(ata, a)-6(n)-4(d GIS )6(for )]TJ 0.0024 Tc -0.0069 Tw -22.5749 -1.1497 Td [(ur)6(ba)9(n pl)5(an)5(ni)5(n)5(g)5(,)1( )]TJ /TT75 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0003 Tw 6.515 0 Td [(P)8(hot)10(ogr)8(a)5(m)-1(m)5(e)3(t)4(r)2(i)4(c)3( Engi)10(neeri)10(n)-1(g)5( a)5(n)5(d)-1( Re)9(m)5(o)-1(t)4(e)3( Se)9(nsi)4(n)5(g)]TJ /TT72 1 Tf -0.0022 Tc 0.0037 Tw 20.5689 0 Td [(, v. )6(6)-5(9)1(, p)-5(.)2( 104)-5(3-1)-5(052)-5(, )6(2)-5(003)-5(. )]TJ ET endstream endobj 439 0 obj 8281 endobj 440 0 obj << /Length 441 0 R >> stream /CS38 cs 0 0 0 sc 1 i /RelativeColorimetric ri /GS38 gs BT /TT76 1 Tf 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 733.5803 Tm ( )Tj 0 -1.1497 TD ( )Tj 0 g ET /GS39 gs BT /T1_19 9 Tf 1 0 0 1 287.492 28.8 Tm (3705)Tj /CS38 cs 0 0 0 sc ET /GS38 gs BT /TT76 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0294 Tw 12 0 0 12 106.38 731.7203 Tm [(The land us)5(e change simulations w)8(e)-1(re accom)8(p)1(lished by tw)8(o types of stochastic tran)6(sition )]TJ -0.0002 Tc 0.2502 Tw -1.775 -1.15 Td [(algorithm)8(s)-1( \226 \223expander\224 and \223patcher\224 \226 wh)]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.2479 Tw 19.315 0 Td (ich operate changes through expansion and )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1232 Tw -19.315 -1.15 Td [(diffusion, respectively. These sim)8(u)1(lations were )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.1244 Tw 19.76 0 Td (validated according to)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1195 Tw 9.145 0 Td [( a )-10(m)8(u)1(ltiple resolution)6( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.1646 Tw -28.905 -1.15 Td [(fitting m)8(e)-1(thod \(Constan)5(za, 1989\), and the va)]TJ 0.1638 Tw 18.875 0 Td [(lu)5(es obtained for windows 3x3, 5x5 and 9x9)5( )]TJ 0.0296 Tw -18.875 -1.15 Td (were 0.862682, 0.864872, and 0.864644, respectively for S1, S2, and S3. \ It is observable that )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1095 Tw 0 -1.15 TD [(the land use transitions com)8(p)1(ly with econom)]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.1105 Tw 18.55 0 Td (ic theories of urban growth and change)Tj /TT77 1 Tf 0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 503.04 662.7203 Tm (, )Tj /TT76 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 12 0 0 12 509.4 662.7203 Tm (which )Tj 0.0007 Tc 0.0003 Tw -35.36 -1.15 Td [(m)9(axi)-6(m)9(i)-1(ze consum)9(ers\264 and m)9(arkets\264 utilities in)]TJ 0.001 Tc -0.0017 Tw 18.53 0 Td [( te)5(rm)9(s of real s)5(t)-1(ate p)6(r)-1(ic)5(es a)5(nd access)5(i)-1(bility. )]TJ /TT77 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw -18.53 -2.16 Td (7.)Tj /TT78 1 Tf 0.75 0 Td ( )Tj /TT77 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 0.75 0 Td (Conclusions )Tj /TT76 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0024 Tw -1.5 -1.64 Td (Cities are open and non-linear co)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.0045 Tw 13.27 0 Td [(m)8(p)1(lex system)8(s. ANN though proved )]TJ 0.0009 Tc 0.0007 Tw 14.91 0 Td (to have the cap)Tj 0.0007 Tc -0.0007 Tw 6.03 0 Td (ability to )Tj 0.0002 Tc 0.1298 Tw -34.21 -1.15 Td (model non-linear features and handle well the )Tj 0.0001 Tc 19.49 0 Td [(uncertainties of spatial data. ANN h)-5(a)-1(ve two )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0492 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 504.3803 Tm 0 -20.2096 TD [(Li, X.; )6(Ye)7(h, )6(A. G. Ne)7(ural-net)9(work-base)7(d)-3( cellular aut)9(o)-3(m)12(a)]TJ 0.0018 Tc 0.0476 Tw 23.1737 0 Td [(t)4(a)3( )-6(fo)5(r si)4(m)13(u)-1(l)4(a)3(t)4(i)4(ng m)13(u)-1(lt)4(i)4(p)-1(l)4(e)3( l)4(a)3(nd )6(use c)9(h)-1(an)5(ges )6(us)8(i)4(ng )6(GI)6(S)7(,)6( )]TJ /TT79 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0039 Tw -23.1737 -1.1437 Td [(In)-5(tern)-5(a)-5(tiona)-5(l Jo)-5(u)-5(r)4(na)-5(l )6(o)-5(f Geogra)-5(p)1(h)-5(ica)-5(l In)-5(fo)-5(rma)-5(tion)-5( )6(S)-5(c)-2(ience)]TJ /TT76 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc -0.003 Tw 23.7485 0 Td [(, )-6(v. 1)-4(6)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 32)-4(3-3)-4(4)2(3)-4(,)3( )-6(200)-4(2. )]TJ -0.0009 Tc 0.0144 Tw -23.7485 -1.5509 Td [(Pap)-4(i)2(n)-4(i)2(, L.; Rabin)-4(o)-4(,)-2( )6(G. A.; Co)-4(lo)-4(nn)-4(a, )6(A.; Di Stefano)-4(,)-2( )6(V.; Lo)]TJ -0.0008 Tc 23.479 0 Td [(m)11(b)-4(ardo)-4(, S. Learn)-4(i)2(ng)-4( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(to)-4(m)11(ata in)-4( a re)-6(al wo)-4(rl)8(d)-4(:)2( )]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.0988 Tw -23.479 -1.1437 Td [(th)-4(e case stud)-4(y)8( o)-4(f)-4( t)7(h)-4(e Ro)-4(m)10(e)-1( metro)-4(p)2(o)-4(litan)-4( area. In)-4(: Band)-4(i)7(n)-4(i,)]TJ -0.0007 Tc 0.098 Tw 24.1856 0 Td [( S.; Serra, )6(R; Liv)-4(eran)-4(i)2(, )6(F. S. ed. Cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)8(o)-4(m)11(ata)-6(:)-4( )]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.1152 Tw -24.1856 -1.1497 Td [(researc)7(h)-3( t)9(o)-3(wa)7(rds industry. )]TJ /TT79 1 Tf -0.004 Tc 0 Tw 11.0958 0 Td [(ACR)-4(I)-6(\2649)-7(6)]TJ /TT76 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.1168 Tw 3.5509 0 Td [(: )6(Pro)-4(c)-1(eed)-4(i)1(ng)-4(s )6(o)-4(f)2( th)-4(e )6(Th)-4(ird)-4( C)7(o)-4(nferen)-4(ce )6(o)-4(n)2( Cellu)-4(lar Au)-4(to)-4(m)10(a)-1(ta for Research )]TJ -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw -14.6467 -1.1497 Td [(an)-5(d Ind)-5(u)-5(s)-3(t)6(r)-5(y, Lo)-5(ndo)-5(n)-5(: )6(Spr)-5(ing)-5(er)-5(-V)-5(er)-5(lag)-5(,)-4( )6(p)-5(.)2( 165)-5(-18)-5(3)1(, )6(1)-5(998)-5(. )]TJ -0.0009 Tc 0.0263 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Po)-4(rt)8(ug)-4(ali, J.; Ben)-4(enson)-4(, )6(I.; Omer, I. City: th)]TJ 0.0012 Tc 0.0242 Tw 17.6766 0 Td [(e gree)8(ns a)8(nd t)10(h)4(e bl)4(ues. )6(I)5(n)-2(:)4( Po)4(r)5(t)4(ugal)4(i)4(, J. e)8(d)-2(. )]TJ /TT79 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc 0.0233 Tw 17.3892 0 Td [(Se)9(l)5(f)5(-org)5(a)5(n)-1(i)5(z)2(at)5(i)5(o)5(n)5( an)5(d t)5(h)-1(e )]TJ -0.002 Tc 0 Tw -35.0659 -1.1497 Td (city)Tj /TT76 1 Tf 0.0001 Tc 0.0014 Tw 1.4371 0 Td [(, Berlin: S)5(p)3(ringer)4(-Ve)7(r)-2(lag,)5( )6(chap.5, )6(1999. )]TJ -0.0004 Tc 0.0258 Tw -1.4371 -1.6467 Td [(Ru)-3(m)11(elh)-3(art, D. )6(E.; Hin)-3(t)8(o)-3(n)3(, G. )6(E.; )6(W)-9(illia)-6(m)11(s, )-6(R. J. L)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0275 Tw 20.2575 0 Td [(earn)-5(ing)-5( )6(represen)-5(tatio)-5(n)-5(s)4( b)-5(y)1( b)-5(a)-1(ck)-5(-p)-5(rop)-5(a)5(g)-5(a)-1(tio)-5(n)-5( errors, )]TJ /TT79 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 20.9641 0 Td [(Na)-4(tu)-4(re)]TJ /TT76 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc 0.0172 Tw 2.7784 0 Td [(, v.)7( )]TJ -0.002 Tc -0.0025 Tw -44 -1.1437 Td [(3)-5(2)1(3)-5(,)3( )-6(p. 5)-5(33-)-4(536)-5(, 19)-5(86)-5( )]TJ 0.0016 Tc 0.3472 Tw T* [(Whi)4(t)4(e)2(, R)4(. )6(W.)6(;)4( Engel)4(e)2(n)5(, G.)6( C)4(e)2(l)4(l)4(u)-1(l)4(a)2(r aut)4(o)-1(m)13(a)2(t)4(on as t)4(h)-1(e basi)4(s of i)4(n)-1(t)10(e)2(grat)4(e)8(d)-1( dy)5(na)8(m)7(i)4(c regi)4(onal)4( m)13(odel)4(l)4(i)4(ng,)6( )]TJ /TT79 1 Tf -0.0021 Tc 0.0036 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(En)-5(vironm)-4(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plann)-5(ing)-5( )6(B)]TJ /TT76 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw 12.4491 0 Td [(, v)-4(.)3(2)-4(4)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 23)-4(5-)-4(246)-4(, 19)-4(97)-4(. )]TJ -0.0011 Tc 0.0026 Tw -12.4491 -1.5449 Td [(Wo)-4(l)7(fram)10(,)-3( S. )6(Un)-4(iv)-4(ersality an)-4(d co)-4(m)10(p)-4(lex)-4(ity in)-4( )6(cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(mata, )]TJ /TT79 1 Tf -0.0004 Tc 0 Tw 25.1916 0 Td [(Physic)6(a)]TJ /TT76 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc -0.0018 Tw 3.1617 0 Td [(, )-6(v. )-6(10)-6(D, p)-6(.)-4( 1)-6(-)1(35)-6(, 1)-6(984)-6(. )]TJ -0.0013 Tc 0.0747 Tw -28.3533 -1.6467 Td [(Wu, )6(F. )6(A li)7(n)-4(g)2(u)-4(i)1(stic cellu)-4(lar )6(au)-4(to)-4(m)10(a)-1(ta si)-5(m)10(u)-4(latio)-4(n)-4( ap)-4(proach)]TJ 0.0018 Tc 0.0716 Tw 23.6946 0 Td [( )6(fo)5(r s)8(u)-1(st)4(ai)4(na)9(b)5(l)4(e ur)6(ba)9(n )6(de)9(vel)4(opm)13(ent)4( i)4(n)-1( a)9( fa)9(st)4( g)5(ro)5(w)-1(i)4(n)5(g)5( )]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0 Tw -23.6946 -1.1497 Td [(regi)11(on)5(, )]TJ /TT79 1 Tf 0.0012 Tc 0.0003 Tw 3.0539 0 Td [(C)4(o)4(m)5(p)-2(u)4(t)4(ers, E)7(n)-2(vi)4(ro)4(nm)5(ent)4( a)4(n)4(d)-2( )6(Ur)7(ba)4(n )6(Syst)4(ems)]TJ /TT76 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0068 Tw 18.0479 0 Td [(, v. 2)5(0)-1(,)7( )-6(p.)7( )-6(3)5(6)5(7)-1(-)6(3)5(87)5(, 19)5(96)5(. )]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0.2629 Tw -21.1018 -1.6467 Td [(Wu)5(, F.;)5( )6(We)9(bs)8(t)5(e)3(r, C)4(.)1( J.)7( Si)5(m)8(u)-1(l)5(a)3(t)5(i)5(on )6(of)6( l)5(a)3(n)5(d)-1( de)9(vel)11(opm)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.2671 Tw 22.8743 0 Td [(en)-5(t th)-5(roug)-5(h)-5( t)6(h)-5(e in)-5(teg)-5(r)-4(ation)-5( )6(of cellu)-5(lar au)-5(tomata an)-5(d)-5( )]TJ -0.0011 Tc 0.0026 Tw -22.8743 -1.1497 Td [(m)10(u)-4(l)-5(ticriteria ev)-4(alu)-4(atio)-4(n)-4(,)]TJ /TT79 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0063 Tw 9.5928 0 Td [( )-6(E)8(n)-1(vi)4(r)8(o)-1(n)5(m)-1(e)9(n)-1(t)4(a)-1(l)4( an)5(d Pl)4(an)5(ni)4(n)5(g)-1( )-6(B)]TJ /TT76 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0068 Tw 12.6946 0 Td [(, v.)7(25)5(, p. 1)5(0)-1(3)5(-)6(12)5(6,)7( )-6(1)5(9)-1(9)5(8)-1(. )]TJ -0.001 Tc 0.0264 Tw -22.2874 -1.5449 Td [(Yeh, A. )6(G.; Li, X. )6(Sim)10(u)-4(lat)-5(i)1(o)-4(n)2( o)-4(f)3( d)-4(e)6(v)-4(elop)-4(m)10(e)-6(n)-4(t altern)-4(ativ)]TJ -0.0009 Tc 22.5749 0 Td [(es )6(u)-4(s)-1(ing)-4( )6(n)-4(eural network)-4(s)5(, cellu)-4(l)8(ar au)-4(t)8(o)-4(m)11(ata, a)-6(n)-4(d GIS )6(for )]TJ 0.0024 Tc -0.0069 Tw -22.5749 -1.1497 Td [(ur)6(ba)9(n pl)5(an)5(ni)5(n)5(g)5(,)1( )]TJ /TT79 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0003 Tw 6.515 0 Td [(P)8(hot)10(ogr)8(a)5(m)-1(m)5(e)3(t)4(r)2(i)4(c)3( Engi)10(neeri)10(n)-1(g)5( a)5(n)5(d)-1( Re)9(m)5(o)-1(t)4(e)3( Se)9(nsi)4(n)5(g)]TJ /TT76 1 Tf -0.0022 Tc 0.0037 Tw 20.5689 0 Td [(, v. )6(6)-5(9)1(, p)-5(.)2( 104)-5(3-1)-5(052)-5(, )6(2)-5(003)-5(. )]TJ ET endstream endobj 441 0 obj 8098 endobj 442 0 obj << /Length 443 0 R >> stream /CS40 cs 0 0 0 sc 1 i /RelativeColorimetric ri /GS40 gs BT /TT80 1 Tf 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 733.5803 Tm ( )Tj 0 -1.1497 TD ( )Tj 0 g ET /GS41 gs BT /T1_20 9 Tf 1 0 0 1 287.492 28.8 Tm (3705)Tj /CS40 cs 0 0 0 sc ET /GS40 gs BT /TT80 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0294 Tw 12 0 0 12 106.38 731.7203 Tm [(The land us)5(e change simulations w)8(e)-1(re accom)8(p)1(lished by tw)8(o types of stochastic tran)6(sition )]TJ -0.0002 Tc 0.2502 Tw -1.775 -1.15 Td [(algorithm)8(s)-1( \226 \223expander\224 and \223patcher\224 \226 wh)]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.2479 Tw 19.315 0 Td (ich operate changes through expansion and )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1232 Tw -19.315 -1.15 Td [(diffusion, respectively. These sim)8(u)1(lations were )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.1244 Tw 19.76 0 Td (validated according to)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1195 Tw 9.145 0 Td [( a )-10(m)8(u)1(ltiple resolution)6( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.1646 Tw -28.905 -1.15 Td [(fitting m)8(e)-1(thod \(Constan)5(za, 1989\), and the va)]TJ 0.1638 Tw 18.875 0 Td [(lu)5(es obtained for windows 3x3, 5x5 and 9x9)5( )]TJ 0.0296 Tw -18.875 -1.15 Td (were 0.862682, 0.864872, and 0.864644, respectively for S1, S2, and S3. \ It is observable that )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1095 Tw 0 -1.15 TD [(the land use transitions com)8(p)1(ly with econom)]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.1105 Tw 18.55 0 Td (ic theories of urban growth and change)Tj /TT81 1 Tf 0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 503.04 662.7203 Tm (, )Tj /TT80 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 12 0 0 12 509.4 662.7203 Tm (which )Tj 0.0007 Tc 0.0003 Tw -35.36 -1.15 Td [(m)9(axi)-6(m)9(i)-1(ze consum)9(ers\264 and m)9(arkets\264 utilities in)]TJ 0.001 Tc -0.0017 Tw 18.53 0 Td [( te)5(rm)9(s of real s)5(t)-1(ate p)6(r)-1(ic)5(es a)5(nd access)5(i)-1(bility. )]TJ /TT81 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw -18.53 -2.16 Td (7.)Tj /TT82 1 Tf 0.75 0 Td ( )Tj /TT81 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 0.75 0 Td (Conclusions )Tj /TT80 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0024 Tw -1.5 -1.64 Td (Cities are open and non-linear co)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.0045 Tw 13.27 0 Td [(m)8(p)1(lex system)8(s. ANN though proved )]TJ 0.0009 Tc 0.0007 Tw 14.91 0 Td (to have the cap)Tj 0.0007 Tc -0.0007 Tw 6.03 0 Td (ability to )Tj 0.0002 Tc 0.0492 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 504.3803 Tm 0 -20.2096 TD [(Li, X.; )6(Ye)7(h, )6(A. G. Ne)7(ural-net)9(work-base)7(d)-3( cellular aut)9(o)-3(m)12(a)]TJ 0.0018 Tc 0.0476 Tw 23.1737 0 Td [(t)4(a)3( )-6(fo)5(r si)4(m)13(u)-1(l)4(a)3(t)4(i)4(ng m)13(u)-1(lt)4(i)4(p)-1(l)4(e)3( l)4(a)3(nd )6(use c)9(h)-1(an)5(ges )6(us)8(i)4(ng )6(GI)6(S)7(,)6( )]TJ /TT83 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0039 Tw -23.1737 -1.1437 Td [(In)-5(tern)-5(a)-5(tiona)-5(l Jo)-5(u)-5(r)4(na)-5(l )6(o)-5(f Geogra)-5(p)1(h)-5(ica)-5(l In)-5(fo)-5(rma)-5(tion)-5( )6(S)-5(c)-2(ience)]TJ /TT80 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc -0.003 Tw 23.7485 0 Td [(, )-6(v. 1)-4(6)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 32)-4(3-3)-4(4)2(3)-4(,)3( )-6(200)-4(2. )]TJ -0.0009 Tc 0.0144 Tw -23.7485 -1.5509 Td [(Pap)-4(i)2(n)-4(i)2(, L.; Rabin)-4(o)-4(,)-2( )6(G. A.; Co)-4(lo)-4(nn)-4(a, )6(A.; Di Stefano)-4(,)-2( )6(V.; Lo)]TJ -0.0008 Tc 23.479 0 Td [(m)11(b)-4(ardo)-4(, S. Learn)-4(i)2(ng)-4( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(to)-4(m)11(ata in)-4( a re)-6(al wo)-4(rl)8(d)-4(:)2( )]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.0988 Tw -23.479 -1.1437 Td [(th)-4(e case stud)-4(y)8( o)-4(f)-4( t)7(h)-4(e Ro)-4(m)10(e)-1( metro)-4(p)2(o)-4(litan)-4( area. In)-4(: Band)-4(i)7(n)-4(i,)]TJ -0.0007 Tc 0.098 Tw 24.1856 0 Td [( S.; Serra, )6(R; Liv)-4(eran)-4(i)2(, )6(F. S. ed. Cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)8(o)-4(m)11(ata)-6(:)-4( )]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.1152 Tw -24.1856 -1.1497 Td [(researc)7(h)-3( t)9(o)-3(wa)7(rds industry. )]TJ /TT83 1 Tf -0.004 Tc 0 Tw 11.0958 0 Td [(ACR)-4(I)-6(\2649)-7(6)]TJ /TT80 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.1168 Tw 3.5509 0 Td [(: )6(Pro)-4(c)-1(eed)-4(i)1(ng)-4(s )6(o)-4(f)2( th)-4(e )6(Th)-4(ird)-4( C)7(o)-4(nferen)-4(ce )6(o)-4(n)2( Cellu)-4(lar Au)-4(to)-4(m)10(a)-1(ta for Research )]TJ -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw -14.6467 -1.1497 Td [(an)-5(d Ind)-5(u)-5(s)-3(t)6(r)-5(y, Lo)-5(ndo)-5(n)-5(: )6(Spr)-5(ing)-5(er)-5(-V)-5(er)-5(lag)-5(,)-4( )6(p)-5(.)2( 165)-5(-18)-5(3)1(, )6(1)-5(998)-5(. )]TJ -0.0009 Tc 0.0263 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Po)-4(rt)8(ug)-4(ali, J.; Ben)-4(enson)-4(, )6(I.; Omer, I. City: th)]TJ 0.0012 Tc 0.0242 Tw 17.6766 0 Td [(e gree)8(ns a)8(nd t)10(h)4(e bl)4(ues. )6(I)5(n)-2(:)4( Po)4(r)5(t)4(ugal)4(i)4(, J. e)8(d)-2(. )]TJ /TT83 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc 0.0233 Tw 17.3892 0 Td [(Se)9(l)5(f)5(-org)5(a)5(n)-1(i)5(z)2(at)5(i)5(o)5(n)5( an)5(d t)5(h)-1(e )]TJ -0.002 Tc 0 Tw -35.0659 -1.1497 Td (city)Tj /TT80 1 Tf 0.0001 Tc 0.0014 Tw 1.4371 0 Td [(, Berlin: S)5(p)3(ringer)4(-Ve)7(r)-2(lag,)5( )6(chap.5, )6(1999. )]TJ -0.0004 Tc 0.0258 Tw -1.4371 -1.6467 Td [(Ru)-3(m)11(elh)-3(art, D. )6(E.; Hin)-3(t)8(o)-3(n)3(, G. )6(E.; )6(W)-9(illia)-6(m)11(s, )-6(R. J. L)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0275 Tw 20.2575 0 Td [(earn)-5(ing)-5( )6(represen)-5(tatio)-5(n)-5(s)4( b)-5(y)1( b)-5(a)-1(ck)-5(-p)-5(rop)-5(a)5(g)-5(a)-1(tio)-5(n)-5( errors, )]TJ /TT83 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 20.9641 0 Td [(Na)-4(tu)-4(re)]TJ /TT80 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc 0.0172 Tw 2.7784 0 Td [(, v.)7( )]TJ -0.002 Tc -0.0025 Tw -44 -1.1437 Td [(3)-5(2)1(3)-5(,)3( )-6(p. 5)-5(33-)-4(536)-5(, 19)-5(86)-5( )]TJ 0.0016 Tc 0.3472 Tw T* [(Whi)4(t)4(e)2(, R)4(. )6(W.)6(;)4( Engel)4(e)2(n)5(, G.)6( C)4(e)2(l)4(l)4(u)-1(l)4(a)2(r aut)4(o)-1(m)13(a)2(t)4(on as t)4(h)-1(e basi)4(s of i)4(n)-1(t)10(e)2(grat)4(e)8(d)-1( dy)5(na)8(m)7(i)4(c regi)4(onal)4( m)13(odel)4(l)4(i)4(ng,)6( )]TJ /TT83 1 Tf -0.0021 Tc 0.0036 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(En)-5(vironm)-4(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plann)-5(ing)-5( )6(B)]TJ /TT80 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw 12.4491 0 Td [(, v)-4(.)3(2)-4(4)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 23)-4(5-)-4(246)-4(, 19)-4(97)-4(. )]TJ -0.0011 Tc 0.0026 Tw -12.4491 -1.5449 Td [(Wo)-4(l)7(fram)10(,)-3( S. )6(Un)-4(iv)-4(ersality an)-4(d co)-4(m)10(p)-4(lex)-4(ity in)-4( )6(cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(mata, )]TJ /TT83 1 Tf -0.0004 Tc 0 Tw 25.1916 0 Td [(Physic)6(a)]TJ /TT80 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc -0.0018 Tw 3.1617 0 Td [(, )-6(v. )-6(10)-6(D, p)-6(.)-4( 1)-6(-)1(35)-6(, 1)-6(984)-6(. )]TJ -0.0013 Tc 0.0747 Tw -28.3533 -1.6467 Td [(Wu, )6(F. )6(A li)7(n)-4(g)2(u)-4(i)1(stic cellu)-4(lar )6(au)-4(to)-4(m)10(a)-1(ta si)-5(m)10(u)-4(latio)-4(n)-4( ap)-4(proach)]TJ 0.0018 Tc 0.0716 Tw 23.6946 0 Td [( )6(fo)5(r s)8(u)-1(st)4(ai)4(na)9(b)5(l)4(e ur)6(ba)9(n )6(de)9(vel)4(opm)13(ent)4( i)4(n)-1( a)9( fa)9(st)4( g)5(ro)5(w)-1(i)4(n)5(g)5( )]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0 Tw -23.6946 -1.1497 Td [(regi)11(on)5(, )]TJ /TT83 1 Tf 0.0012 Tc 0.0003 Tw 3.0539 0 Td [(C)4(o)4(m)5(p)-2(u)4(t)4(ers, E)7(n)-2(vi)4(ro)4(nm)5(ent)4( a)4(n)4(d)-2( )6(Ur)7(ba)4(n )6(Syst)4(ems)]TJ /TT80 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0068 Tw 18.0479 0 Td [(, v. 2)5(0)-1(,)7( )-6(p.)7( )-6(3)5(6)5(7)-1(-)6(3)5(87)5(, 19)5(96)5(. )]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0.2629 Tw -21.1018 -1.6467 Td [(Wu)5(, F.;)5( )6(We)9(bs)8(t)5(e)3(r, C)4(.)1( J.)7( Si)5(m)8(u)-1(l)5(a)3(t)5(i)5(on )6(of)6( l)5(a)3(n)5(d)-1( de)9(vel)11(opm)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.2671 Tw 22.8743 0 Td [(en)-5(t th)-5(roug)-5(h)-5( t)6(h)-5(e in)-5(teg)-5(r)-4(ation)-5( )6(of cellu)-5(lar au)-5(tomata an)-5(d)-5( )]TJ -0.0011 Tc 0.0026 Tw -22.8743 -1.1497 Td [(m)10(u)-4(l)-5(ticriteria ev)-4(alu)-4(atio)-4(n)-4(,)]TJ /TT83 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0063 Tw 9.5928 0 Td [( )-6(E)8(n)-1(vi)4(r)8(o)-1(n)5(m)-1(e)9(n)-1(t)4(a)-1(l)4( an)5(d Pl)4(an)5(ni)4(n)5(g)-1( )-6(B)]TJ /TT80 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0068 Tw 12.6946 0 Td [(, v.)7(25)5(, p. 1)5(0)-1(3)5(-)6(12)5(6,)7( )-6(1)5(9)-1(9)5(8)-1(. )]TJ -0.001 Tc 0.0264 Tw -22.2874 -1.5449 Td [(Yeh, A. )6(G.; Li, X. )6(Sim)10(u)-4(lat)-5(i)1(o)-4(n)2( o)-4(f)3( d)-4(e)6(v)-4(elop)-4(m)10(e)-6(n)-4(t altern)-4(ativ)]TJ -0.0009 Tc 22.5749 0 Td [(es )6(u)-4(s)-1(ing)-4( )6(n)-4(eural network)-4(s)5(, cellu)-4(l)8(ar au)-4(t)8(o)-4(m)11(ata, a)-6(n)-4(d GIS )6(for )]TJ 0.0024 Tc -0.0069 Tw -22.5749 -1.1497 Td [(ur)6(ba)9(n pl)5(an)5(ni)5(n)5(g)5(,)1( )]TJ /TT83 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0003 Tw 6.515 0 Td [(P)8(hot)10(ogr)8(a)5(m)-1(m)5(e)3(t)4(r)2(i)4(c)3( Engi)10(neeri)10(n)-1(g)5( a)5(n)5(d)-1( Re)9(m)5(o)-1(t)4(e)3( Se)9(nsi)4(n)5(g)]TJ /TT80 1 Tf -0.0022 Tc 0.0037 Tw 20.5689 0 Td [(, v. )6(6)-5(9)1(, p)-5(.)2( 104)-5(3-1)-5(052)-5(, )6(2)-5(003)-5(. )]TJ ET endstream endobj 443 0 obj 7931 endobj 444 0 obj << /Length 445 0 R >> stream /CS42 cs 0 0 0 sc 1 i /RelativeColorimetric ri /GS42 gs BT /TT84 1 Tf 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 733.5803 Tm ( )Tj 0 -1.1497 TD ( )Tj 0 g ET /GS43 gs BT /T1_21 9 Tf 1 0 0 1 287.492 28.8 Tm (3705)Tj /CS42 cs 0 0 0 sc ET /GS42 gs BT /TT84 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0294 Tw 12 0 0 12 106.38 731.7203 Tm [(The land us)5(e change simulations w)8(e)-1(re accom)8(p)1(lished by tw)8(o types of stochastic tran)6(sition )]TJ -0.0002 Tc 0.2502 Tw -1.775 -1.15 Td [(algorithm)8(s)-1( \226 \223expander\224 and \223patcher\224 \226 wh)]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.2479 Tw 19.315 0 Td (ich operate changes through expansion and )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1232 Tw -19.315 -1.15 Td [(diffusion, respectively. These sim)8(u)1(lations were )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.1244 Tw 19.76 0 Td (validated according to)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1195 Tw 9.145 0 Td [( a )-10(m)8(u)1(ltiple resolution)6( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.1646 Tw -28.905 -1.15 Td [(fitting m)8(e)-1(thod \(Constan)5(za, 1989\), and the va)]TJ 0.1638 Tw 18.875 0 Td [(lu)5(es obtained for windows 3x3, 5x5 and 9x9)5( )]TJ 0.0296 Tw -18.875 -1.15 Td (were 0.862682, 0.864872, and 0.864644, respectively for S1, S2, and S3. \ It is observable that )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1095 Tw 0 -1.15 TD [(the land use transitions com)8(p)1(ly with econom)]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.1105 Tw 18.55 0 Td (ic theories of urban growth and change)Tj /TT85 1 Tf 0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 503.04 662.7203 Tm (, )Tj /TT84 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 12 0 0 12 509.4 662.7203 Tm (which )Tj 0.0007 Tc 0.0003 Tw -35.36 -1.15 Td [(m)9(axi)-6(m)9(i)-1(ze consum)9(ers\264 and m)9(arkets\264 utilities in)]TJ 0.001 Tc -0.0017 Tw 18.53 0 Td [( te)5(rm)9(s of real s)5(t)-1(ate p)6(r)-1(ic)5(es a)5(nd access)5(i)-1(bility. )]TJ /TT85 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw -18.53 -2.16 Td (7.)Tj /TT86 1 Tf 0.75 0 Td ( )Tj /TT85 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc -0.0002 Tw 0.75 0 Td (Conclusions )Tj /TT84 1 Tf 0.0492 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 504.3803 Tm 0 -20.2096 TD [(Li, X.; )6(Ye)7(h, )6(A. G. Ne)7(ural-net)9(work-base)7(d)-3( cellular aut)9(o)-3(m)12(a)]TJ 0.0018 Tc 0.0476 Tw 23.1737 0 Td [(t)4(a)3( )-6(fo)5(r si)4(m)13(u)-1(l)4(a)3(t)4(i)4(ng m)13(u)-1(lt)4(i)4(p)-1(l)4(e)3( l)4(a)3(nd )6(use c)9(h)-1(an)5(ges )6(us)8(i)4(ng )6(GI)6(S)7(,)6( )]TJ /TT87 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0039 Tw -23.1737 -1.1437 Td [(In)-5(tern)-5(a)-5(tiona)-5(l Jo)-5(u)-5(r)4(na)-5(l )6(o)-5(f Geogra)-5(p)1(h)-5(ica)-5(l In)-5(fo)-5(rma)-5(tion)-5( )6(S)-5(c)-2(ience)]TJ /TT84 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc -0.003 Tw 23.7485 0 Td [(, )-6(v. 1)-4(6)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 32)-4(3-3)-4(4)2(3)-4(,)3( )-6(200)-4(2. )]TJ -0.0009 Tc 0.0144 Tw -23.7485 -1.5509 Td [(Pap)-4(i)2(n)-4(i)2(, L.; Rabin)-4(o)-4(,)-2( )6(G. A.; Co)-4(lo)-4(nn)-4(a, )6(A.; Di Stefano)-4(,)-2( )6(V.; Lo)]TJ -0.0008 Tc 23.479 0 Td [(m)11(b)-4(ardo)-4(, S. Learn)-4(i)2(ng)-4( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(to)-4(m)11(ata in)-4( a re)-6(al wo)-4(rl)8(d)-4(:)2( )]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.0988 Tw -23.479 -1.1437 Td [(th)-4(e case stud)-4(y)8( o)-4(f)-4( t)7(h)-4(e Ro)-4(m)10(e)-1( metro)-4(p)2(o)-4(litan)-4( area. In)-4(: Band)-4(i)7(n)-4(i,)]TJ -0.0007 Tc 0.098 Tw 24.1856 0 Td [( S.; Serra, )6(R; Liv)-4(eran)-4(i)2(, )6(F. S. ed. Cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)8(o)-4(m)11(ata)-6(:)-4( )]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.1152 Tw -24.1856 -1.1497 Td [(researc)7(h)-3( t)9(o)-3(wa)7(rds industry. )]TJ /TT87 1 Tf -0.004 Tc 0 Tw 11.0958 0 Td [(ACR)-4(I)-6(\2649)-7(6)]TJ /TT84 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.1168 Tw 3.5509 0 Td [(: )6(Pro)-4(c)-1(eed)-4(i)1(ng)-4(s )6(o)-4(f)2( th)-4(e )6(Th)-4(ird)-4( C)7(o)-4(nferen)-4(ce )6(o)-4(n)2( Cellu)-4(lar Au)-4(to)-4(m)10(a)-1(ta for Research )]TJ -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw -14.6467 -1.1497 Td [(an)-5(d Ind)-5(u)-5(s)-3(t)6(r)-5(y, Lo)-5(ndo)-5(n)-5(: )6(Spr)-5(ing)-5(er)-5(-V)-5(er)-5(lag)-5(,)-4( )6(p)-5(.)2( 165)-5(-18)-5(3)1(, )6(1)-5(998)-5(. )]TJ -0.0009 Tc 0.0263 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Po)-4(rt)8(ug)-4(ali, J.; Ben)-4(enson)-4(, )6(I.; Omer, I. City: th)]TJ 0.0012 Tc 0.0242 Tw 17.6766 0 Td [(e gree)8(ns a)8(nd t)10(h)4(e bl)4(ues. )6(I)5(n)-2(:)4( Po)4(r)5(t)4(ugal)4(i)4(, J. e)8(d)-2(. )]TJ /TT87 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc 0.0233 Tw 17.3892 0 Td [(Se)9(l)5(f)5(-org)5(a)5(n)-1(i)5(z)2(at)5(i)5(o)5(n)5( an)5(d t)5(h)-1(e )]TJ -0.002 Tc 0 Tw -35.0659 -1.1497 Td (city)Tj /TT84 1 Tf 0.0001 Tc 0.0014 Tw 1.4371 0 Td [(, Berlin: S)5(p)3(ringer)4(-Ve)7(r)-2(lag,)5( )6(chap.5, )6(1999. )]TJ -0.0004 Tc 0.0258 Tw -1.4371 -1.6467 Td [(Ru)-3(m)11(elh)-3(art, D. )6(E.; Hin)-3(t)8(o)-3(n)3(, G. )6(E.; )6(W)-9(illia)-6(m)11(s, )-6(R. J. L)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0275 Tw 20.2575 0 Td [(earn)-5(ing)-5( )6(represen)-5(tatio)-5(n)-5(s)4( b)-5(y)1( b)-5(a)-1(ck)-5(-p)-5(rop)-5(a)5(g)-5(a)-1(tio)-5(n)-5( errors, )]TJ /TT87 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 20.9641 0 Td [(Na)-4(tu)-4(re)]TJ /TT84 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc 0.0172 Tw 2.7784 0 Td [(, v.)7( )]TJ -0.002 Tc -0.0025 Tw -44 -1.1437 Td [(3)-5(2)1(3)-5(,)3( )-6(p. 5)-5(33-)-4(536)-5(, 19)-5(86)-5( )]TJ 0.0016 Tc 0.3472 Tw T* [(Whi)4(t)4(e)2(, R)4(. )6(W.)6(;)4( Engel)4(e)2(n)5(, G.)6( C)4(e)2(l)4(l)4(u)-1(l)4(a)2(r aut)4(o)-1(m)13(a)2(t)4(on as t)4(h)-1(e basi)4(s of i)4(n)-1(t)10(e)2(grat)4(e)8(d)-1( dy)5(na)8(m)7(i)4(c regi)4(onal)4( m)13(odel)4(l)4(i)4(ng,)6( )]TJ /TT87 1 Tf -0.0021 Tc 0.0036 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(En)-5(vironm)-4(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plann)-5(ing)-5( )6(B)]TJ /TT84 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw 12.4491 0 Td [(, v)-4(.)3(2)-4(4)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 23)-4(5-)-4(246)-4(, 19)-4(97)-4(. )]TJ -0.0011 Tc 0.0026 Tw -12.4491 -1.5449 Td [(Wo)-4(l)7(fram)10(,)-3( S. )6(Un)-4(iv)-4(ersality an)-4(d co)-4(m)10(p)-4(lex)-4(ity in)-4( )6(cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(mata, )]TJ /TT87 1 Tf -0.0004 Tc 0 Tw 25.1916 0 Td [(Physic)6(a)]TJ /TT84 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc -0.0018 Tw 3.1617 0 Td [(, )-6(v. )-6(10)-6(D, p)-6(.)-4( 1)-6(-)1(35)-6(, 1)-6(984)-6(. )]TJ -0.0013 Tc 0.0747 Tw -28.3533 -1.6467 Td [(Wu, )6(F. )6(A li)7(n)-4(g)2(u)-4(i)1(stic cellu)-4(lar )6(au)-4(to)-4(m)10(a)-1(ta si)-5(m)10(u)-4(latio)-4(n)-4( ap)-4(proach)]TJ 0.0018 Tc 0.0716 Tw 23.6946 0 Td [( )6(fo)5(r s)8(u)-1(st)4(ai)4(na)9(b)5(l)4(e ur)6(ba)9(n )6(de)9(vel)4(opm)13(ent)4( i)4(n)-1( a)9( fa)9(st)4( g)5(ro)5(w)-1(i)4(n)5(g)5( )]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0 Tw -23.6946 -1.1497 Td [(regi)11(on)5(, )]TJ /TT87 1 Tf 0.0012 Tc 0.0003 Tw 3.0539 0 Td [(C)4(o)4(m)5(p)-2(u)4(t)4(ers, E)7(n)-2(vi)4(ro)4(nm)5(ent)4( a)4(n)4(d)-2( )6(Ur)7(ba)4(n )6(Syst)4(ems)]TJ /TT84 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0068 Tw 18.0479 0 Td [(, v. 2)5(0)-1(,)7( )-6(p.)7( )-6(3)5(6)5(7)-1(-)6(3)5(87)5(, 19)5(96)5(. )]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0.2629 Tw -21.1018 -1.6467 Td [(Wu)5(, F.;)5( )6(We)9(bs)8(t)5(e)3(r, C)4(.)1( J.)7( Si)5(m)8(u)-1(l)5(a)3(t)5(i)5(on )6(of)6( l)5(a)3(n)5(d)-1( de)9(vel)11(opm)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.2671 Tw 22.8743 0 Td [(en)-5(t th)-5(roug)-5(h)-5( t)6(h)-5(e in)-5(teg)-5(r)-4(ation)-5( )6(of cellu)-5(lar au)-5(tomata an)-5(d)-5( )]TJ -0.0011 Tc 0.0026 Tw -22.8743 -1.1497 Td [(m)10(u)-4(l)-5(ticriteria ev)-4(alu)-4(atio)-4(n)-4(,)]TJ /TT87 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0063 Tw 9.5928 0 Td [( )-6(E)8(n)-1(vi)4(r)8(o)-1(n)5(m)-1(e)9(n)-1(t)4(a)-1(l)4( an)5(d Pl)4(an)5(ni)4(n)5(g)-1( )-6(B)]TJ /TT84 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0068 Tw 12.6946 0 Td [(, v.)7(25)5(, p. 1)5(0)-1(3)5(-)6(12)5(6,)7( )-6(1)5(9)-1(9)5(8)-1(. )]TJ -0.001 Tc 0.0264 Tw -22.2874 -1.5449 Td [(Yeh, A. )6(G.; Li, X. )6(Sim)10(u)-4(lat)-5(i)1(o)-4(n)2( o)-4(f)3( d)-4(e)6(v)-4(elop)-4(m)10(e)-6(n)-4(t altern)-4(ativ)]TJ -0.0009 Tc 22.5749 0 Td [(es )6(u)-4(s)-1(ing)-4( )6(n)-4(eural network)-4(s)5(, cellu)-4(l)8(ar au)-4(t)8(o)-4(m)11(ata, a)-6(n)-4(d GIS )6(for )]TJ 0.0024 Tc -0.0069 Tw -22.5749 -1.1497 Td [(ur)6(ba)9(n pl)5(an)5(ni)5(n)5(g)5(,)1( )]TJ /TT87 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0003 Tw 6.515 0 Td [(P)8(hot)10(ogr)8(a)5(m)-1(m)5(e)3(t)4(r)2(i)4(c)3( Engi)10(neeri)10(n)-1(g)5( a)5(n)5(d)-1( Re)9(m)5(o)-1(t)4(e)3( Se)9(nsi)4(n)5(g)]TJ /TT84 1 Tf -0.0022 Tc 0.0037 Tw 20.5689 0 Td [(, v. )6(6)-5(9)1(, p)-5(.)2( 104)-5(3-1)-5(052)-5(, )6(2)-5(003)-5(. )]TJ ET endstream endobj 445 0 obj 7670 endobj 446 0 obj << /Length 447 0 R >> stream /CS44 cs 0 0 0 sc 1 i /RelativeColorimetric ri /GS44 gs BT /TT88 1 Tf 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 733.5803 Tm ( )Tj 0 -1.1497 TD ( )Tj 0 g ET /GS45 gs BT /T1_22 9 Tf 1 0 0 1 287.492 28.8 Tm (3705)Tj /CS44 cs 0 0 0 sc ET /GS44 gs BT /TT88 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0294 Tw 12 0 0 12 106.38 731.7203 Tm [(The land us)5(e change simulations w)8(e)-1(re accom)8(p)1(lished by tw)8(o types of stochastic tran)6(sition )]TJ -0.0002 Tc 0.2502 Tw -1.775 -1.15 Td [(algorithm)8(s)-1( \226 \223expander\224 and \223patcher\224 \226 wh)]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.2479 Tw 19.315 0 Td (ich operate changes through expansion and )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1232 Tw -19.315 -1.15 Td [(diffusion, respectively. These sim)8(u)1(lations were )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.1244 Tw 19.76 0 Td (validated according to)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1195 Tw 9.145 0 Td [( a )-10(m)8(u)1(ltiple resolution)6( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.1646 Tw -28.905 -1.15 Td [(fitting m)8(e)-1(thod \(Constan)5(za, 1989\), and the va)]TJ 0.1638 Tw 18.875 0 Td [(lu)5(es obtained for windows 3x3, 5x5 and 9x9)5( )]TJ 0.0296 Tw -18.875 -1.15 Td (were 0.862682, 0.864872, and 0.864644, respectively for S1, S2, and S3. \ It is observable that )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1095 Tw 0 -1.15 TD [(the land use transitions com)8(p)1(ly with econom)]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.1105 Tw 18.55 0 Td (ic theories of urban growth and change)Tj /TT89 1 Tf 0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 503.04 662.7203 Tm (, )Tj /TT88 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 12 0 0 12 509.4 662.7203 Tm (which )Tj 0.0007 Tc 0.0003 Tw -35.36 -1.15 Td [(m)9(axi)-6(m)9(i)-1(ze consum)9(ers\264 and m)9(arkets\264 utilities in)]TJ 0.001 Tc -0.0017 Tw 18.53 0 Td [( te)5(rm)9(s of real s)5(t)-1(ate p)6(r)-1(ic)5(es a)5(nd access)5(i)-1(bility. )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0492 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 504.3803 Tm 0 -20.2096 TD [(Li, X.; )6(Ye)7(h, )6(A. G. Ne)7(ural-net)9(work-base)7(d)-3( cellular aut)9(o)-3(m)12(a)]TJ 0.0018 Tc 0.0476 Tw 23.1737 0 Td [(t)4(a)3( )-6(fo)5(r si)4(m)13(u)-1(l)4(a)3(t)4(i)4(ng m)13(u)-1(lt)4(i)4(p)-1(l)4(e)3( l)4(a)3(nd )6(use c)9(h)-1(an)5(ges )6(us)8(i)4(ng )6(GI)6(S)7(,)6( )]TJ /TT90 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0039 Tw -23.1737 -1.1437 Td [(In)-5(tern)-5(a)-5(tiona)-5(l Jo)-5(u)-5(r)4(na)-5(l )6(o)-5(f Geogra)-5(p)1(h)-5(ica)-5(l In)-5(fo)-5(rma)-5(tion)-5( )6(S)-5(c)-2(ience)]TJ /TT88 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc -0.003 Tw 23.7485 0 Td [(, )-6(v. 1)-4(6)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 32)-4(3-3)-4(4)2(3)-4(,)3( )-6(200)-4(2. )]TJ -0.0009 Tc 0.0144 Tw -23.7485 -1.5509 Td [(Pap)-4(i)2(n)-4(i)2(, L.; Rabin)-4(o)-4(,)-2( )6(G. A.; Co)-4(lo)-4(nn)-4(a, )6(A.; Di Stefano)-4(,)-2( )6(V.; Lo)]TJ -0.0008 Tc 23.479 0 Td [(m)11(b)-4(ardo)-4(, S. Learn)-4(i)2(ng)-4( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(to)-4(m)11(ata in)-4( a re)-6(al wo)-4(rl)8(d)-4(:)2( )]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.0988 Tw -23.479 -1.1437 Td [(th)-4(e case stud)-4(y)8( o)-4(f)-4( t)7(h)-4(e Ro)-4(m)10(e)-1( metro)-4(p)2(o)-4(litan)-4( area. In)-4(: Band)-4(i)7(n)-4(i,)]TJ -0.0007 Tc 0.098 Tw 24.1856 0 Td [( S.; Serra, )6(R; Liv)-4(eran)-4(i)2(, )6(F. S. ed. Cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)8(o)-4(m)11(ata)-6(:)-4( )]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.1152 Tw -24.1856 -1.1497 Td [(researc)7(h)-3( t)9(o)-3(wa)7(rds industry. )]TJ /TT90 1 Tf -0.004 Tc 0 Tw 11.0958 0 Td [(ACR)-4(I)-6(\2649)-7(6)]TJ /TT88 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.1168 Tw 3.5509 0 Td [(: )6(Pro)-4(c)-1(eed)-4(i)1(ng)-4(s )6(o)-4(f)2( th)-4(e )6(Th)-4(ird)-4( C)7(o)-4(nferen)-4(ce )6(o)-4(n)2( Cellu)-4(lar Au)-4(to)-4(m)10(a)-1(ta for Research )]TJ -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw -14.6467 -1.1497 Td [(an)-5(d Ind)-5(u)-5(s)-3(t)6(r)-5(y, Lo)-5(ndo)-5(n)-5(: )6(Spr)-5(ing)-5(er)-5(-V)-5(er)-5(lag)-5(,)-4( )6(p)-5(.)2( 165)-5(-18)-5(3)1(, )6(1)-5(998)-5(. )]TJ -0.0009 Tc 0.0263 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Po)-4(rt)8(ug)-4(ali, J.; Ben)-4(enson)-4(, )6(I.; Omer, I. City: th)]TJ 0.0012 Tc 0.0242 Tw 17.6766 0 Td [(e gree)8(ns a)8(nd t)10(h)4(e bl)4(ues. )6(I)5(n)-2(:)4( Po)4(r)5(t)4(ugal)4(i)4(, J. e)8(d)-2(. )]TJ /TT90 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc 0.0233 Tw 17.3892 0 Td [(Se)9(l)5(f)5(-org)5(a)5(n)-1(i)5(z)2(at)5(i)5(o)5(n)5( an)5(d t)5(h)-1(e )]TJ -0.002 Tc 0 Tw -35.0659 -1.1497 Td (city)Tj /TT88 1 Tf 0.0001 Tc 0.0014 Tw 1.4371 0 Td [(, Berlin: S)5(p)3(ringer)4(-Ve)7(r)-2(lag,)5( )6(chap.5, )6(1999. )]TJ -0.0004 Tc 0.0258 Tw -1.4371 -1.6467 Td [(Ru)-3(m)11(elh)-3(art, D. )6(E.; Hin)-3(t)8(o)-3(n)3(, G. )6(E.; )6(W)-9(illia)-6(m)11(s, )-6(R. J. L)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0275 Tw 20.2575 0 Td [(earn)-5(ing)-5( )6(represen)-5(tatio)-5(n)-5(s)4( b)-5(y)1( b)-5(a)-1(ck)-5(-p)-5(rop)-5(a)5(g)-5(a)-1(tio)-5(n)-5( errors, )]TJ /TT90 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 20.9641 0 Td [(Na)-4(tu)-4(re)]TJ /TT88 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc 0.0172 Tw 2.7784 0 Td [(, v.)7( )]TJ -0.002 Tc -0.0025 Tw -44 -1.1437 Td [(3)-5(2)1(3)-5(,)3( )-6(p. 5)-5(33-)-4(536)-5(, 19)-5(86)-5( )]TJ 0.0016 Tc 0.3472 Tw T* [(Whi)4(t)4(e)2(, R)4(. )6(W.)6(;)4( Engel)4(e)2(n)5(, G.)6( C)4(e)2(l)4(l)4(u)-1(l)4(a)2(r aut)4(o)-1(m)13(a)2(t)4(on as t)4(h)-1(e basi)4(s of i)4(n)-1(t)10(e)2(grat)4(e)8(d)-1( dy)5(na)8(m)7(i)4(c regi)4(onal)4( m)13(odel)4(l)4(i)4(ng,)6( )]TJ /TT90 1 Tf -0.0021 Tc 0.0036 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(En)-5(vironm)-4(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plann)-5(ing)-5( )6(B)]TJ /TT88 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw 12.4491 0 Td [(, v)-4(.)3(2)-4(4)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 23)-4(5-)-4(246)-4(, 19)-4(97)-4(. )]TJ -0.0011 Tc 0.0026 Tw -12.4491 -1.5449 Td [(Wo)-4(l)7(fram)10(,)-3( S. )6(Un)-4(iv)-4(ersality an)-4(d co)-4(m)10(p)-4(lex)-4(ity in)-4( )6(cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(mata, )]TJ /TT90 1 Tf -0.0004 Tc 0 Tw 25.1916 0 Td [(Physic)6(a)]TJ /TT88 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc -0.0018 Tw 3.1617 0 Td [(, )-6(v. )-6(10)-6(D, p)-6(.)-4( 1)-6(-)1(35)-6(, 1)-6(984)-6(. )]TJ -0.0013 Tc 0.0747 Tw -28.3533 -1.6467 Td [(Wu, )6(F. )6(A li)7(n)-4(g)2(u)-4(i)1(stic cellu)-4(lar )6(au)-4(to)-4(m)10(a)-1(ta si)-5(m)10(u)-4(latio)-4(n)-4( ap)-4(proach)]TJ 0.0018 Tc 0.0716 Tw 23.6946 0 Td [( )6(fo)5(r s)8(u)-1(st)4(ai)4(na)9(b)5(l)4(e ur)6(ba)9(n )6(de)9(vel)4(opm)13(ent)4( i)4(n)-1( a)9( fa)9(st)4( g)5(ro)5(w)-1(i)4(n)5(g)5( )]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0 Tw -23.6946 -1.1497 Td [(regi)11(on)5(, )]TJ /TT90 1 Tf 0.0012 Tc 0.0003 Tw 3.0539 0 Td [(C)4(o)4(m)5(p)-2(u)4(t)4(ers, E)7(n)-2(vi)4(ro)4(nm)5(ent)4( a)4(n)4(d)-2( )6(Ur)7(ba)4(n )6(Syst)4(ems)]TJ /TT88 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0068 Tw 18.0479 0 Td [(, v. 2)5(0)-1(,)7( )-6(p.)7( )-6(3)5(6)5(7)-1(-)6(3)5(87)5(, 19)5(96)5(. )]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0.2629 Tw -21.1018 -1.6467 Td [(Wu)5(, F.;)5( )6(We)9(bs)8(t)5(e)3(r, C)4(.)1( J.)7( Si)5(m)8(u)-1(l)5(a)3(t)5(i)5(on )6(of)6( l)5(a)3(n)5(d)-1( de)9(vel)11(opm)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.2671 Tw 22.8743 0 Td [(en)-5(t th)-5(roug)-5(h)-5( t)6(h)-5(e in)-5(teg)-5(r)-4(ation)-5( )6(of cellu)-5(lar au)-5(tomata an)-5(d)-5( )]TJ -0.0011 Tc 0.0026 Tw -22.8743 -1.1497 Td [(m)10(u)-4(l)-5(ticriteria ev)-4(alu)-4(atio)-4(n)-4(,)]TJ /TT90 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0063 Tw 9.5928 0 Td [( )-6(E)8(n)-1(vi)4(r)8(o)-1(n)5(m)-1(e)9(n)-1(t)4(a)-1(l)4( an)5(d Pl)4(an)5(ni)4(n)5(g)-1( )-6(B)]TJ /TT88 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0068 Tw 12.6946 0 Td [(, v.)7(25)5(, p. 1)5(0)-1(3)5(-)6(12)5(6,)7( )-6(1)5(9)-1(9)5(8)-1(. )]TJ -0.001 Tc 0.0264 Tw -22.2874 -1.5449 Td [(Yeh, A. )6(G.; Li, X. )6(Sim)10(u)-4(lat)-5(i)1(o)-4(n)2( o)-4(f)3( d)-4(e)6(v)-4(elop)-4(m)10(e)-6(n)-4(t altern)-4(ativ)]TJ -0.0009 Tc 22.5749 0 Td [(es )6(u)-4(s)-1(ing)-4( )6(n)-4(eural network)-4(s)5(, cellu)-4(l)8(ar au)-4(t)8(o)-4(m)11(ata, a)-6(n)-4(d GIS )6(for )]TJ 0.0024 Tc -0.0069 Tw -22.5749 -1.1497 Td [(ur)6(ba)9(n pl)5(an)5(ni)5(n)5(g)5(,)1( )]TJ /TT90 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0003 Tw 6.515 0 Td [(P)8(hot)10(ogr)8(a)5(m)-1(m)5(e)3(t)4(r)2(i)4(c)3( Engi)10(neeri)10(n)-1(g)5( a)5(n)5(d)-1( Re)9(m)5(o)-1(t)4(e)3( Se)9(nsi)4(n)5(g)]TJ /TT88 1 Tf -0.0022 Tc 0.0037 Tw 20.5689 0 Td [(, v. )6(6)-5(9)1(, p)-5(.)2( 104)-5(3-1)-5(052)-5(, )6(2)-5(003)-5(. )]TJ ET endstream endobj 447 0 obj 7538 endobj 448 0 obj << /Length 449 0 R >> stream /CS46 cs 0 0 0 sc 1 i /RelativeColorimetric ri /GS46 gs BT /TT91 1 Tf 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 733.5803 Tm ( )Tj 0 -1.1497 TD ( )Tj 0 g ET /GS47 gs BT /T1_23 9 Tf 1 0 0 1 287.492 28.8 Tm (3705)Tj /CS46 cs 0 0 0 sc ET /GS46 gs BT /TT91 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0294 Tw 12 0 0 12 106.38 731.7203 Tm [(The land us)5(e change simulations w)8(e)-1(re accom)8(p)1(lished by tw)8(o types of stochastic tran)6(sition )]TJ -0.0002 Tc 0.2502 Tw -1.775 -1.15 Td [(algorithm)8(s)-1( \226 \223expander\224 and \223patcher\224 \226 wh)]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.2479 Tw 19.315 0 Td (ich operate changes through expansion and )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1232 Tw -19.315 -1.15 Td [(diffusion, respectively. These sim)8(u)1(lations were )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.1244 Tw 19.76 0 Td (validated according to)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1195 Tw 9.145 0 Td [( a )-10(m)8(u)1(ltiple resolution)6( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.1646 Tw -28.905 -1.15 Td [(fitting m)8(e)-1(thod \(Constan)5(za, 1989\), and the va)]TJ 0.1638 Tw 18.875 0 Td [(lu)5(es obtained for windows 3x3, 5x5 and 9x9)5( )]TJ 0.0296 Tw -18.875 -1.15 Td (were 0.862682, 0.864872, and 0.864644, respectively for S1, S2, and S3. \ It is observable that )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1095 Tw 0 -1.15 TD [(the land use transitions com)8(p)1(ly with econom)]TJ 0.0003 Tc 0.1105 Tw 18.55 0 Td (ic theories of urban growth and change)Tj /TT92 1 Tf 0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 503.04 662.7203 Tm (, )Tj /TT91 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 12 0 0 12 509.4 662.7203 Tm (which )Tj 0.0002 Tc 0.0492 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 504.3803 Tm 0 -20.2096 TD [(Li, X.; )6(Ye)7(h, )6(A. G. Ne)7(ural-net)9(work-base)7(d)-3( cellular aut)9(o)-3(m)12(a)]TJ 0.0018 Tc 0.0476 Tw 23.1737 0 Td [(t)4(a)3( )-6(fo)5(r si)4(m)13(u)-1(l)4(a)3(t)4(i)4(ng m)13(u)-1(lt)4(i)4(p)-1(l)4(e)3( l)4(a)3(nd )6(use c)9(h)-1(an)5(ges )6(us)8(i)4(ng )6(GI)6(S)7(,)6( )]TJ /TT93 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0039 Tw -23.1737 -1.1437 Td [(In)-5(tern)-5(a)-5(tiona)-5(l Jo)-5(u)-5(r)4(na)-5(l )6(o)-5(f Geogra)-5(p)1(h)-5(ica)-5(l In)-5(fo)-5(rma)-5(tion)-5( )6(S)-5(c)-2(ience)]TJ /TT91 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc -0.003 Tw 23.7485 0 Td [(, )-6(v. 1)-4(6)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 32)-4(3-3)-4(4)2(3)-4(,)3( )-6(200)-4(2. )]TJ -0.0009 Tc 0.0144 Tw -23.7485 -1.5509 Td [(Pap)-4(i)2(n)-4(i)2(, L.; Rabin)-4(o)-4(,)-2( )6(G. A.; Co)-4(lo)-4(nn)-4(a, )6(A.; Di Stefano)-4(,)-2( )6(V.; Lo)]TJ -0.0008 Tc 23.479 0 Td [(m)11(b)-4(ardo)-4(, S. Learn)-4(i)2(ng)-4( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(to)-4(m)11(ata in)-4( a re)-6(al wo)-4(rl)8(d)-4(:)2( )]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.0988 Tw -23.479 -1.1437 Td [(th)-4(e case stud)-4(y)8( o)-4(f)-4( t)7(h)-4(e Ro)-4(m)10(e)-1( metro)-4(p)2(o)-4(litan)-4( area. In)-4(: Band)-4(i)7(n)-4(i,)]TJ -0.0007 Tc 0.098 Tw 24.1856 0 Td [( S.; Serra, )6(R; Liv)-4(eran)-4(i)2(, )6(F. S. ed. Cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)8(o)-4(m)11(ata)-6(:)-4( )]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.1152 Tw -24.1856 -1.1497 Td [(researc)7(h)-3( t)9(o)-3(wa)7(rds industry. )]TJ /TT93 1 Tf -0.004 Tc 0 Tw 11.0958 0 Td [(ACR)-4(I)-6(\2649)-7(6)]TJ /TT91 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.1168 Tw 3.5509 0 Td [(: )6(Pro)-4(c)-1(eed)-4(i)1(ng)-4(s )6(o)-4(f)2( th)-4(e )6(Th)-4(ird)-4( C)7(o)-4(nferen)-4(ce )6(o)-4(n)2( Cellu)-4(lar Au)-4(to)-4(m)10(a)-1(ta for Research )]TJ -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw -14.6467 -1.1497 Td [(an)-5(d Ind)-5(u)-5(s)-3(t)6(r)-5(y, Lo)-5(ndo)-5(n)-5(: )6(Spr)-5(ing)-5(er)-5(-V)-5(er)-5(lag)-5(,)-4( )6(p)-5(.)2( 165)-5(-18)-5(3)1(, )6(1)-5(998)-5(. )]TJ -0.0009 Tc 0.0263 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Po)-4(rt)8(ug)-4(ali, J.; Ben)-4(enson)-4(, )6(I.; Omer, I. City: th)]TJ 0.0012 Tc 0.0242 Tw 17.6766 0 Td [(e gree)8(ns a)8(nd t)10(h)4(e bl)4(ues. )6(I)5(n)-2(:)4( Po)4(r)5(t)4(ugal)4(i)4(, J. e)8(d)-2(. )]TJ /TT93 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc 0.0233 Tw 17.3892 0 Td [(Se)9(l)5(f)5(-org)5(a)5(n)-1(i)5(z)2(at)5(i)5(o)5(n)5( an)5(d t)5(h)-1(e )]TJ -0.002 Tc 0 Tw -35.0659 -1.1497 Td (city)Tj /TT91 1 Tf 0.0001 Tc 0.0014 Tw 1.4371 0 Td [(, Berlin: S)5(p)3(ringer)4(-Ve)7(r)-2(lag,)5( )6(chap.5, )6(1999. )]TJ -0.0004 Tc 0.0258 Tw -1.4371 -1.6467 Td [(Ru)-3(m)11(elh)-3(art, D. )6(E.; Hin)-3(t)8(o)-3(n)3(, G. )6(E.; )6(W)-9(illia)-6(m)11(s, )-6(R. J. L)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0275 Tw 20.2575 0 Td [(earn)-5(ing)-5( )6(represen)-5(tatio)-5(n)-5(s)4( b)-5(y)1( b)-5(a)-1(ck)-5(-p)-5(rop)-5(a)5(g)-5(a)-1(tio)-5(n)-5( errors, )]TJ /TT93 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 20.9641 0 Td [(Na)-4(tu)-4(re)]TJ /TT91 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc 0.0172 Tw 2.7784 0 Td [(, v.)7( )]TJ -0.002 Tc -0.0025 Tw -44 -1.1437 Td [(3)-5(2)1(3)-5(,)3( )-6(p. 5)-5(33-)-4(536)-5(, 19)-5(86)-5( )]TJ 0.0016 Tc 0.3472 Tw T* [(Whi)4(t)4(e)2(, R)4(. )6(W.)6(;)4( Engel)4(e)2(n)5(, G.)6( C)4(e)2(l)4(l)4(u)-1(l)4(a)2(r aut)4(o)-1(m)13(a)2(t)4(on as t)4(h)-1(e basi)4(s of i)4(n)-1(t)10(e)2(grat)4(e)8(d)-1( dy)5(na)8(m)7(i)4(c regi)4(onal)4( m)13(odel)4(l)4(i)4(ng,)6( )]TJ /TT93 1 Tf -0.0021 Tc 0.0036 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(En)-5(vironm)-4(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plann)-5(ing)-5( )6(B)]TJ /TT91 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw 12.4491 0 Td [(, v)-4(.)3(2)-4(4)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 23)-4(5-)-4(246)-4(, 19)-4(97)-4(. )]TJ -0.0011 Tc 0.0026 Tw -12.4491 -1.5449 Td [(Wo)-4(l)7(fram)10(,)-3( S. )6(Un)-4(iv)-4(ersality an)-4(d co)-4(m)10(p)-4(lex)-4(ity in)-4( )6(cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(mata, )]TJ /TT93 1 Tf -0.0004 Tc 0 Tw 25.1916 0 Td [(Physic)6(a)]TJ /TT91 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc -0.0018 Tw 3.1617 0 Td [(, )-6(v. )-6(10)-6(D, p)-6(.)-4( 1)-6(-)1(35)-6(, 1)-6(984)-6(. )]TJ -0.0013 Tc 0.0747 Tw -28.3533 -1.6467 Td [(Wu, )6(F. )6(A li)7(n)-4(g)2(u)-4(i)1(stic cellu)-4(lar )6(au)-4(to)-4(m)10(a)-1(ta si)-5(m)10(u)-4(latio)-4(n)-4( ap)-4(proach)]TJ 0.0018 Tc 0.0716 Tw 23.6946 0 Td [( )6(fo)5(r s)8(u)-1(st)4(ai)4(na)9(b)5(l)4(e ur)6(ba)9(n )6(de)9(vel)4(opm)13(ent)4( i)4(n)-1( a)9( fa)9(st)4( g)5(ro)5(w)-1(i)4(n)5(g)5( )]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0 Tw -23.6946 -1.1497 Td [(regi)11(on)5(, )]TJ /TT93 1 Tf 0.0012 Tc 0.0003 Tw 3.0539 0 Td [(C)4(o)4(m)5(p)-2(u)4(t)4(ers, E)7(n)-2(vi)4(ro)4(nm)5(ent)4( a)4(n)4(d)-2( )6(Ur)7(ba)4(n )6(Syst)4(ems)]TJ /TT91 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0068 Tw 18.0479 0 Td [(, v. 2)5(0)-1(,)7( )-6(p.)7( )-6(3)5(6)5(7)-1(-)6(3)5(87)5(, 19)5(96)5(. )]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0.2629 Tw -21.1018 -1.6467 Td [(Wu)5(, F.;)5( )6(We)9(bs)8(t)5(e)3(r, C)4(.)1( J.)7( Si)5(m)8(u)-1(l)5(a)3(t)5(i)5(on )6(of)6( l)5(a)3(n)5(d)-1( de)9(vel)11(opm)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.2671 Tw 22.8743 0 Td [(en)-5(t th)-5(roug)-5(h)-5( t)6(h)-5(e in)-5(teg)-5(r)-4(ation)-5( )6(of cellu)-5(lar au)-5(tomata an)-5(d)-5( )]TJ -0.0011 Tc 0.0026 Tw -22.8743 -1.1497 Td [(m)10(u)-4(l)-5(ticriteria ev)-4(alu)-4(atio)-4(n)-4(,)]TJ /TT93 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0063 Tw 9.5928 0 Td [( )-6(E)8(n)-1(vi)4(r)8(o)-1(n)5(m)-1(e)9(n)-1(t)4(a)-1(l)4( an)5(d Pl)4(an)5(ni)4(n)5(g)-1( )-6(B)]TJ /TT91 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0068 Tw 12.6946 0 Td [(, v.)7(25)5(, p. 1)5(0)-1(3)5(-)6(12)5(6,)7( )-6(1)5(9)-1(9)5(8)-1(. )]TJ -0.001 Tc 0.0264 Tw -22.2874 -1.5449 Td [(Yeh, A. )6(G.; Li, X. )6(Sim)10(u)-4(lat)-5(i)1(o)-4(n)2( o)-4(f)3( d)-4(e)6(v)-4(elop)-4(m)10(e)-6(n)-4(t altern)-4(ativ)]TJ -0.0009 Tc 22.5749 0 Td [(es )6(u)-4(s)-1(ing)-4( )6(n)-4(eural network)-4(s)5(, cellu)-4(l)8(ar au)-4(t)8(o)-4(m)11(ata, a)-6(n)-4(d GIS )6(for )]TJ 0.0024 Tc -0.0069 Tw -22.5749 -1.1497 Td [(ur)6(ba)9(n pl)5(an)5(ni)5(n)5(g)5(,)1( )]TJ /TT93 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0003 Tw 6.515 0 Td [(P)8(hot)10(ogr)8(a)5(m)-1(m)5(e)3(t)4(r)2(i)4(c)3( Engi)10(neeri)10(n)-1(g)5( a)5(n)5(d)-1( Re)9(m)5(o)-1(t)4(e)3( Se)9(nsi)4(n)5(g)]TJ /TT91 1 Tf -0.0022 Tc 0.0037 Tw 20.5689 0 Td [(, v. )6(6)-5(9)1(, p)-5(.)2( 104)-5(3-1)-5(052)-5(, )6(2)-5(003)-5(. )]TJ ET endstream endobj 449 0 obj 7306 endobj 450 0 obj << /Length 451 0 R >> stream /CS48 cs 0 0 0 sc 1 i /RelativeColorimetric ri /GS48 gs BT /TT94 1 Tf 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 733.5803 Tm ( )Tj 0 -1.1497 TD ( )Tj 0 g ET /GS49 gs BT /T1_24 9 Tf 1 0 0 1 287.492 28.8 Tm (3705)Tj /CS48 cs 0 0 0 sc ET /GS48 gs BT /TT94 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0294 Tw 12 0 0 12 106.38 731.7203 Tm [(The land us)5(e change simulations w)8(e)-1(re accom)8(p)1(lished by tw)8(o types of stochastic tran)6(sition )]TJ -0.0002 Tc 0.2502 Tw -1.775 -1.15 Td [(algorithm)8(s)-1( \226 \223expander\224 and \223patcher\224 \226 wh)]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.2479 Tw 19.315 0 Td (ich operate changes through expansion and )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1232 Tw -19.315 -1.15 Td [(diffusion, respectively. These sim)8(u)1(lations were )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.1244 Tw 19.76 0 Td (validated according to)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1195 Tw 9.145 0 Td [( a )-10(m)8(u)1(ltiple resolution)6( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.1646 Tw -28.905 -1.15 Td [(fitting m)8(e)-1(thod \(Constan)5(za, 1989\), and the va)]TJ 0.1638 Tw 18.875 0 Td [(lu)5(es obtained for windows 3x3, 5x5 and 9x9)5( )]TJ 0.0296 Tw -18.875 -1.15 Td (were 0.862682, 0.864872, and 0.864644, respectively for S1, S2, and S3. \ It is observable that )Tj 0.0002 Tc 0.0492 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 504.3803 Tm 0 -20.2096 TD [(Li, X.; )6(Ye)7(h, )6(A. G. Ne)7(ural-net)9(work-base)7(d)-3( cellular aut)9(o)-3(m)12(a)]TJ 0.0018 Tc 0.0476 Tw 23.1737 0 Td [(t)4(a)3( )-6(fo)5(r si)4(m)13(u)-1(l)4(a)3(t)4(i)4(ng m)13(u)-1(lt)4(i)4(p)-1(l)4(e)3( l)4(a)3(nd )6(use c)9(h)-1(an)5(ges )6(us)8(i)4(ng )6(GI)6(S)7(,)6( )]TJ /TT95 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0039 Tw -23.1737 -1.1437 Td [(In)-5(tern)-5(a)-5(tiona)-5(l Jo)-5(u)-5(r)4(na)-5(l )6(o)-5(f Geogra)-5(p)1(h)-5(ica)-5(l In)-5(fo)-5(rma)-5(tion)-5( )6(S)-5(c)-2(ience)]TJ /TT94 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc -0.003 Tw 23.7485 0 Td [(, )-6(v. 1)-4(6)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 32)-4(3-3)-4(4)2(3)-4(,)3( )-6(200)-4(2. )]TJ -0.0009 Tc 0.0144 Tw -23.7485 -1.5509 Td [(Pap)-4(i)2(n)-4(i)2(, L.; Rabin)-4(o)-4(,)-2( )6(G. A.; Co)-4(lo)-4(nn)-4(a, )6(A.; Di Stefano)-4(,)-2( )6(V.; Lo)]TJ -0.0008 Tc 23.479 0 Td [(m)11(b)-4(ardo)-4(, S. Learn)-4(i)2(ng)-4( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(to)-4(m)11(ata in)-4( a re)-6(al wo)-4(rl)8(d)-4(:)2( )]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.0988 Tw -23.479 -1.1437 Td [(th)-4(e case stud)-4(y)8( o)-4(f)-4( t)7(h)-4(e Ro)-4(m)10(e)-1( metro)-4(p)2(o)-4(litan)-4( area. In)-4(: Band)-4(i)7(n)-4(i,)]TJ -0.0007 Tc 0.098 Tw 24.1856 0 Td [( S.; Serra, )6(R; Liv)-4(eran)-4(i)2(, )6(F. S. ed. Cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)8(o)-4(m)11(ata)-6(:)-4( )]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.1152 Tw -24.1856 -1.1497 Td [(researc)7(h)-3( t)9(o)-3(wa)7(rds industry. )]TJ /TT95 1 Tf -0.004 Tc 0 Tw 11.0958 0 Td [(ACR)-4(I)-6(\2649)-7(6)]TJ /TT94 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.1168 Tw 3.5509 0 Td [(: )6(Pro)-4(c)-1(eed)-4(i)1(ng)-4(s )6(o)-4(f)2( th)-4(e )6(Th)-4(ird)-4( C)7(o)-4(nferen)-4(ce )6(o)-4(n)2( Cellu)-4(lar Au)-4(to)-4(m)10(a)-1(ta for Research )]TJ -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw -14.6467 -1.1497 Td [(an)-5(d Ind)-5(u)-5(s)-3(t)6(r)-5(y, Lo)-5(ndo)-5(n)-5(: )6(Spr)-5(ing)-5(er)-5(-V)-5(er)-5(lag)-5(,)-4( )6(p)-5(.)2( 165)-5(-18)-5(3)1(, )6(1)-5(998)-5(. )]TJ -0.0009 Tc 0.0263 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Po)-4(rt)8(ug)-4(ali, J.; Ben)-4(enson)-4(, )6(I.; Omer, I. City: th)]TJ 0.0012 Tc 0.0242 Tw 17.6766 0 Td [(e gree)8(ns a)8(nd t)10(h)4(e bl)4(ues. )6(I)5(n)-2(:)4( Po)4(r)5(t)4(ugal)4(i)4(, J. e)8(d)-2(. )]TJ /TT95 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc 0.0233 Tw 17.3892 0 Td [(Se)9(l)5(f)5(-org)5(a)5(n)-1(i)5(z)2(at)5(i)5(o)5(n)5( an)5(d t)5(h)-1(e )]TJ -0.002 Tc 0 Tw -35.0659 -1.1497 Td (city)Tj /TT94 1 Tf 0.0001 Tc 0.0014 Tw 1.4371 0 Td [(, Berlin: S)5(p)3(ringer)4(-Ve)7(r)-2(lag,)5( )6(chap.5, )6(1999. )]TJ -0.0004 Tc 0.0258 Tw -1.4371 -1.6467 Td [(Ru)-3(m)11(elh)-3(art, D. )6(E.; Hin)-3(t)8(o)-3(n)3(, G. )6(E.; )6(W)-9(illia)-6(m)11(s, )-6(R. J. L)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0275 Tw 20.2575 0 Td [(earn)-5(ing)-5( )6(represen)-5(tatio)-5(n)-5(s)4( b)-5(y)1( b)-5(a)-1(ck)-5(-p)-5(rop)-5(a)5(g)-5(a)-1(tio)-5(n)-5( errors, )]TJ /TT95 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 20.9641 0 Td [(Na)-4(tu)-4(re)]TJ /TT94 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc 0.0172 Tw 2.7784 0 Td [(, v.)7( )]TJ -0.002 Tc -0.0025 Tw -44 -1.1437 Td [(3)-5(2)1(3)-5(,)3( )-6(p. 5)-5(33-)-4(536)-5(, 19)-5(86)-5( )]TJ 0.0016 Tc 0.3472 Tw T* [(Whi)4(t)4(e)2(, R)4(. )6(W.)6(;)4( Engel)4(e)2(n)5(, G.)6( C)4(e)2(l)4(l)4(u)-1(l)4(a)2(r aut)4(o)-1(m)13(a)2(t)4(on as t)4(h)-1(e basi)4(s of i)4(n)-1(t)10(e)2(grat)4(e)8(d)-1( dy)5(na)8(m)7(i)4(c regi)4(onal)4( m)13(odel)4(l)4(i)4(ng,)6( )]TJ /TT95 1 Tf -0.0021 Tc 0.0036 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(En)-5(vironm)-4(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plann)-5(ing)-5( )6(B)]TJ /TT94 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw 12.4491 0 Td [(, v)-4(.)3(2)-4(4)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 23)-4(5-)-4(246)-4(, 19)-4(97)-4(. )]TJ -0.0011 Tc 0.0026 Tw -12.4491 -1.5449 Td [(Wo)-4(l)7(fram)10(,)-3( S. )6(Un)-4(iv)-4(ersality an)-4(d co)-4(m)10(p)-4(lex)-4(ity in)-4( )6(cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(mata, )]TJ /TT95 1 Tf -0.0004 Tc 0 Tw 25.1916 0 Td [(Physic)6(a)]TJ /TT94 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc -0.0018 Tw 3.1617 0 Td [(, )-6(v. )-6(10)-6(D, p)-6(.)-4( 1)-6(-)1(35)-6(, 1)-6(984)-6(. )]TJ -0.0013 Tc 0.0747 Tw -28.3533 -1.6467 Td [(Wu, )6(F. )6(A li)7(n)-4(g)2(u)-4(i)1(stic cellu)-4(lar )6(au)-4(to)-4(m)10(a)-1(ta si)-5(m)10(u)-4(latio)-4(n)-4( ap)-4(proach)]TJ 0.0018 Tc 0.0716 Tw 23.6946 0 Td [( )6(fo)5(r s)8(u)-1(st)4(ai)4(na)9(b)5(l)4(e ur)6(ba)9(n )6(de)9(vel)4(opm)13(ent)4( i)4(n)-1( a)9( fa)9(st)4( g)5(ro)5(w)-1(i)4(n)5(g)5( )]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0 Tw -23.6946 -1.1497 Td [(regi)11(on)5(, )]TJ /TT95 1 Tf 0.0012 Tc 0.0003 Tw 3.0539 0 Td [(C)4(o)4(m)5(p)-2(u)4(t)4(ers, E)7(n)-2(vi)4(ro)4(nm)5(ent)4( a)4(n)4(d)-2( )6(Ur)7(ba)4(n )6(Syst)4(ems)]TJ /TT94 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0068 Tw 18.0479 0 Td [(, v. 2)5(0)-1(,)7( )-6(p.)7( )-6(3)5(6)5(7)-1(-)6(3)5(87)5(, 19)5(96)5(. )]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0.2629 Tw -21.1018 -1.6467 Td [(Wu)5(, F.;)5( )6(We)9(bs)8(t)5(e)3(r, C)4(.)1( J.)7( Si)5(m)8(u)-1(l)5(a)3(t)5(i)5(on )6(of)6( l)5(a)3(n)5(d)-1( de)9(vel)11(opm)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.2671 Tw 22.8743 0 Td [(en)-5(t th)-5(roug)-5(h)-5( t)6(h)-5(e in)-5(teg)-5(r)-4(ation)-5( )6(of cellu)-5(lar au)-5(tomata an)-5(d)-5( )]TJ -0.0011 Tc 0.0026 Tw -22.8743 -1.1497 Td [(m)10(u)-4(l)-5(ticriteria ev)-4(alu)-4(atio)-4(n)-4(,)]TJ /TT95 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0063 Tw 9.5928 0 Td [( )-6(E)8(n)-1(vi)4(r)8(o)-1(n)5(m)-1(e)9(n)-1(t)4(a)-1(l)4( an)5(d Pl)4(an)5(ni)4(n)5(g)-1( )-6(B)]TJ /TT94 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0068 Tw 12.6946 0 Td [(, v.)7(25)5(, p. 1)5(0)-1(3)5(-)6(12)5(6,)7( )-6(1)5(9)-1(9)5(8)-1(. )]TJ -0.001 Tc 0.0264 Tw -22.2874 -1.5449 Td [(Yeh, A. )6(G.; Li, X. )6(Sim)10(u)-4(lat)-5(i)1(o)-4(n)2( o)-4(f)3( d)-4(e)6(v)-4(elop)-4(m)10(e)-6(n)-4(t altern)-4(ativ)]TJ -0.0009 Tc 22.5749 0 Td [(es )6(u)-4(s)-1(ing)-4( )6(n)-4(eural network)-4(s)5(, cellu)-4(l)8(ar au)-4(t)8(o)-4(m)11(ata, a)-6(n)-4(d GIS )6(for )]TJ 0.0024 Tc -0.0069 Tw -22.5749 -1.1497 Td [(ur)6(ba)9(n pl)5(an)5(ni)5(n)5(g)5(,)1( )]TJ /TT95 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0003 Tw 6.515 0 Td [(P)8(hot)10(ogr)8(a)5(m)-1(m)5(e)3(t)4(r)2(i)4(c)3( Engi)10(neeri)10(n)-1(g)5( a)5(n)5(d)-1( Re)9(m)5(o)-1(t)4(e)3( Se)9(nsi)4(n)5(g)]TJ /TT94 1 Tf -0.0022 Tc 0.0037 Tw 20.5689 0 Td [(, v. )6(6)-5(9)1(, p)-5(.)2( 104)-5(3-1)-5(052)-5(, )6(2)-5(003)-5(. )]TJ ET endstream endobj 451 0 obj 7016 endobj 452 0 obj << /Length 453 0 R >> stream /CS50 cs 0 0 0 sc 1 i /RelativeColorimetric ri /GS50 gs BT /TT96 1 Tf 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 733.5803 Tm ( )Tj 0 -1.1497 TD ( )Tj 0 g ET /GS51 gs BT /T1_25 9 Tf 1 0 0 1 287.492 28.8 Tm (3705)Tj /CS50 cs 0 0 0 sc ET /GS50 gs BT /TT96 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0294 Tw 12 0 0 12 106.38 731.7203 Tm [(The land us)5(e change simulations w)8(e)-1(re accom)8(p)1(lished by tw)8(o types of stochastic tran)6(sition )]TJ -0.0002 Tc 0.2502 Tw -1.775 -1.15 Td [(algorithm)8(s)-1( \226 \223expander\224 and \223patcher\224 \226 wh)]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.2479 Tw 19.315 0 Td (ich operate changes through expansion and )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1232 Tw -19.315 -1.15 Td [(diffusion, respectively. These sim)8(u)1(lations were )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.1244 Tw 19.76 0 Td (validated according to)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1195 Tw 9.145 0 Td [( a )-10(m)8(u)1(ltiple resolution)6( )]TJ 0.0004 Tc 0.1646 Tw -28.905 -1.15 Td [(fitting m)8(e)-1(thod \(Constan)5(za, 1989\), and the va)]TJ 0.1638 Tw 18.875 0 Td [(lu)5(es obtained for windows 3x3, 5x5 and 9x9)5( )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0492 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 504.3803 Tm 0 -20.2096 TD [(Li, X.; )6(Ye)7(h, )6(A. G. Ne)7(ural-net)9(work-base)7(d)-3( cellular aut)9(o)-3(m)12(a)]TJ 0.0018 Tc 0.0476 Tw 23.1737 0 Td [(t)4(a)3( )-6(fo)5(r si)4(m)13(u)-1(l)4(a)3(t)4(i)4(ng m)13(u)-1(lt)4(i)4(p)-1(l)4(e)3( l)4(a)3(nd )6(use c)9(h)-1(an)5(ges )6(us)8(i)4(ng )6(GI)6(S)7(,)6( )]TJ /TT97 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0039 Tw -23.1737 -1.1437 Td [(In)-5(tern)-5(a)-5(tiona)-5(l Jo)-5(u)-5(r)4(na)-5(l )6(o)-5(f Geogra)-5(p)1(h)-5(ica)-5(l In)-5(fo)-5(rma)-5(tion)-5( )6(S)-5(c)-2(ience)]TJ /TT96 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc -0.003 Tw 23.7485 0 Td [(, )-6(v. 1)-4(6)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 32)-4(3-3)-4(4)2(3)-4(,)3( )-6(200)-4(2. )]TJ -0.0009 Tc 0.0144 Tw -23.7485 -1.5509 Td [(Pap)-4(i)2(n)-4(i)2(, L.; Rabin)-4(o)-4(,)-2( )6(G. A.; Co)-4(lo)-4(nn)-4(a, )6(A.; Di Stefano)-4(,)-2( )6(V.; Lo)]TJ -0.0008 Tc 23.479 0 Td [(m)11(b)-4(ardo)-4(, S. Learn)-4(i)2(ng)-4( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(to)-4(m)11(ata in)-4( a re)-6(al wo)-4(rl)8(d)-4(:)2( )]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.0988 Tw -23.479 -1.1437 Td [(th)-4(e case stud)-4(y)8( o)-4(f)-4( t)7(h)-4(e Ro)-4(m)10(e)-1( metro)-4(p)2(o)-4(litan)-4( area. In)-4(: Band)-4(i)7(n)-4(i,)]TJ -0.0007 Tc 0.098 Tw 24.1856 0 Td [( S.; Serra, )6(R; Liv)-4(eran)-4(i)2(, )6(F. S. ed. Cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)8(o)-4(m)11(ata)-6(:)-4( )]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.1152 Tw -24.1856 -1.1497 Td [(researc)7(h)-3( t)9(o)-3(wa)7(rds industry. )]TJ /TT97 1 Tf -0.004 Tc 0 Tw 11.0958 0 Td [(ACR)-4(I)-6(\2649)-7(6)]TJ /TT96 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.1168 Tw 3.5509 0 Td [(: )6(Pro)-4(c)-1(eed)-4(i)1(ng)-4(s )6(o)-4(f)2( th)-4(e )6(Th)-4(ird)-4( C)7(o)-4(nferen)-4(ce )6(o)-4(n)2( Cellu)-4(lar Au)-4(to)-4(m)10(a)-1(ta for Research )]TJ -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw -14.6467 -1.1497 Td [(an)-5(d Ind)-5(u)-5(s)-3(t)6(r)-5(y, Lo)-5(ndo)-5(n)-5(: )6(Spr)-5(ing)-5(er)-5(-V)-5(er)-5(lag)-5(,)-4( )6(p)-5(.)2( 165)-5(-18)-5(3)1(, )6(1)-5(998)-5(. )]TJ -0.0009 Tc 0.0263 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Po)-4(rt)8(ug)-4(ali, J.; Ben)-4(enson)-4(, )6(I.; Omer, I. City: th)]TJ 0.0012 Tc 0.0242 Tw 17.6766 0 Td [(e gree)8(ns a)8(nd t)10(h)4(e bl)4(ues. )6(I)5(n)-2(:)4( Po)4(r)5(t)4(ugal)4(i)4(, J. e)8(d)-2(. )]TJ /TT97 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc 0.0233 Tw 17.3892 0 Td [(Se)9(l)5(f)5(-org)5(a)5(n)-1(i)5(z)2(at)5(i)5(o)5(n)5( an)5(d t)5(h)-1(e )]TJ -0.002 Tc 0 Tw -35.0659 -1.1497 Td (city)Tj /TT96 1 Tf 0.0001 Tc 0.0014 Tw 1.4371 0 Td [(, Berlin: S)5(p)3(ringer)4(-Ve)7(r)-2(lag,)5( )6(chap.5, )6(1999. )]TJ -0.0004 Tc 0.0258 Tw -1.4371 -1.6467 Td [(Ru)-3(m)11(elh)-3(art, D. )6(E.; Hin)-3(t)8(o)-3(n)3(, G. )6(E.; )6(W)-9(illia)-6(m)11(s, )-6(R. J. L)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0275 Tw 20.2575 0 Td [(earn)-5(ing)-5( )6(represen)-5(tatio)-5(n)-5(s)4( b)-5(y)1( b)-5(a)-1(ck)-5(-p)-5(rop)-5(a)5(g)-5(a)-1(tio)-5(n)-5( errors, )]TJ /TT97 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 20.9641 0 Td [(Na)-4(tu)-4(re)]TJ /TT96 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc 0.0172 Tw 2.7784 0 Td [(, v.)7( )]TJ -0.002 Tc -0.0025 Tw -44 -1.1437 Td [(3)-5(2)1(3)-5(,)3( )-6(p. 5)-5(33-)-4(536)-5(, 19)-5(86)-5( )]TJ 0.0016 Tc 0.3472 Tw T* [(Whi)4(t)4(e)2(, R)4(. )6(W.)6(;)4( Engel)4(e)2(n)5(, G.)6( C)4(e)2(l)4(l)4(u)-1(l)4(a)2(r aut)4(o)-1(m)13(a)2(t)4(on as t)4(h)-1(e basi)4(s of i)4(n)-1(t)10(e)2(grat)4(e)8(d)-1( dy)5(na)8(m)7(i)4(c regi)4(onal)4( m)13(odel)4(l)4(i)4(ng,)6( )]TJ /TT97 1 Tf -0.0021 Tc 0.0036 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(En)-5(vironm)-4(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plann)-5(ing)-5( )6(B)]TJ /TT96 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw 12.4491 0 Td [(, v)-4(.)3(2)-4(4)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 23)-4(5-)-4(246)-4(, 19)-4(97)-4(. )]TJ -0.0011 Tc 0.0026 Tw -12.4491 -1.5449 Td [(Wo)-4(l)7(fram)10(,)-3( S. )6(Un)-4(iv)-4(ersality an)-4(d co)-4(m)10(p)-4(lex)-4(ity in)-4( )6(cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(mata, )]TJ /TT97 1 Tf -0.0004 Tc 0 Tw 25.1916 0 Td [(Physic)6(a)]TJ /TT96 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc -0.0018 Tw 3.1617 0 Td [(, )-6(v. )-6(10)-6(D, p)-6(.)-4( 1)-6(-)1(35)-6(, 1)-6(984)-6(. )]TJ -0.0013 Tc 0.0747 Tw -28.3533 -1.6467 Td [(Wu, )6(F. )6(A li)7(n)-4(g)2(u)-4(i)1(stic cellu)-4(lar )6(au)-4(to)-4(m)10(a)-1(ta si)-5(m)10(u)-4(latio)-4(n)-4( ap)-4(proach)]TJ 0.0018 Tc 0.0716 Tw 23.6946 0 Td [( )6(fo)5(r s)8(u)-1(st)4(ai)4(na)9(b)5(l)4(e ur)6(ba)9(n )6(de)9(vel)4(opm)13(ent)4( i)4(n)-1( a)9( fa)9(st)4( g)5(ro)5(w)-1(i)4(n)5(g)5( )]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0 Tw -23.6946 -1.1497 Td [(regi)11(on)5(, )]TJ /TT97 1 Tf 0.0012 Tc 0.0003 Tw 3.0539 0 Td [(C)4(o)4(m)5(p)-2(u)4(t)4(ers, E)7(n)-2(vi)4(ro)4(nm)5(ent)4( a)4(n)4(d)-2( )6(Ur)7(ba)4(n )6(Syst)4(ems)]TJ /TT96 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0068 Tw 18.0479 0 Td [(, v. 2)5(0)-1(,)7( )-6(p.)7( )-6(3)5(6)5(7)-1(-)6(3)5(87)5(, 19)5(96)5(. )]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0.2629 Tw -21.1018 -1.6467 Td [(Wu)5(, F.;)5( )6(We)9(bs)8(t)5(e)3(r, C)4(.)1( J.)7( Si)5(m)8(u)-1(l)5(a)3(t)5(i)5(on )6(of)6( l)5(a)3(n)5(d)-1( de)9(vel)11(opm)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.2671 Tw 22.8743 0 Td [(en)-5(t th)-5(roug)-5(h)-5( t)6(h)-5(e in)-5(teg)-5(r)-4(ation)-5( )6(of cellu)-5(lar au)-5(tomata an)-5(d)-5( )]TJ -0.0011 Tc 0.0026 Tw -22.8743 -1.1497 Td [(m)10(u)-4(l)-5(ticriteria ev)-4(alu)-4(atio)-4(n)-4(,)]TJ /TT97 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0063 Tw 9.5928 0 Td [( )-6(E)8(n)-1(vi)4(r)8(o)-1(n)5(m)-1(e)9(n)-1(t)4(a)-1(l)4( an)5(d Pl)4(an)5(ni)4(n)5(g)-1( )-6(B)]TJ /TT96 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0068 Tw 12.6946 0 Td [(, v.)7(25)5(, p. 1)5(0)-1(3)5(-)6(12)5(6,)7( )-6(1)5(9)-1(9)5(8)-1(. )]TJ -0.001 Tc 0.0264 Tw -22.2874 -1.5449 Td [(Yeh, A. )6(G.; Li, X. )6(Sim)10(u)-4(lat)-5(i)1(o)-4(n)2( o)-4(f)3( d)-4(e)6(v)-4(elop)-4(m)10(e)-6(n)-4(t altern)-4(ativ)]TJ -0.0009 Tc 22.5749 0 Td [(es )6(u)-4(s)-1(ing)-4( )6(n)-4(eural network)-4(s)5(, cellu)-4(l)8(ar au)-4(t)8(o)-4(m)11(ata, a)-6(n)-4(d GIS )6(for )]TJ 0.0024 Tc -0.0069 Tw -22.5749 -1.1497 Td [(ur)6(ba)9(n pl)5(an)5(ni)5(n)5(g)5(,)1( )]TJ /TT97 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0003 Tw 6.515 0 Td [(P)8(hot)10(ogr)8(a)5(m)-1(m)5(e)3(t)4(r)2(i)4(c)3( Engi)10(neeri)10(n)-1(g)5( a)5(n)5(d)-1( Re)9(m)5(o)-1(t)4(e)3( Se)9(nsi)4(n)5(g)]TJ /TT96 1 Tf -0.0022 Tc 0.0037 Tw 20.5689 0 Td [(, v. )6(6)-5(9)1(, p)-5(.)2( 104)-5(3-1)-5(052)-5(, )6(2)-5(003)-5(. )]TJ ET endstream endobj 453 0 obj 6888 endobj 454 0 obj << /Length 455 0 R >> stream /CS52 cs 0 0 0 sc 1 i /RelativeColorimetric ri /GS52 gs BT /TT98 1 Tf 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 733.5803 Tm ( )Tj 0 -1.1497 TD ( )Tj 0 g ET /GS53 gs BT /T1_26 9 Tf 1 0 0 1 287.492 28.8 Tm (3705)Tj /CS52 cs 0 0 0 sc ET /GS52 gs BT /TT98 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0294 Tw 12 0 0 12 106.38 731.7203 Tm [(The land us)5(e change simulations w)8(e)-1(re accom)8(p)1(lished by tw)8(o types of stochastic tran)6(sition )]TJ -0.0002 Tc 0.2502 Tw -1.775 -1.15 Td [(algorithm)8(s)-1( \226 \223expander\224 and \223patcher\224 \226 wh)]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.2479 Tw 19.315 0 Td (ich operate changes through expansion and )Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1232 Tw -19.315 -1.15 Td [(diffusion, respectively. These sim)8(u)1(lations were )]TJ 0.0006 Tc 0.1244 Tw 19.76 0 Td (validated according to)Tj 0.0005 Tc 0.1195 Tw 9.145 0 Td [( a )-10(m)8(u)1(ltiple resolution)6( )]TJ 0.0002 Tc 0.0492 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 504.3803 Tm 0 -20.2096 TD [(Li, X.; )6(Ye)7(h, )6(A. G. Ne)7(ural-net)9(work-base)7(d)-3( cellular aut)9(o)-3(m)12(a)]TJ 0.0018 Tc 0.0476 Tw 23.1737 0 Td [(t)4(a)3( )-6(fo)5(r si)4(m)13(u)-1(l)4(a)3(t)4(i)4(ng m)13(u)-1(lt)4(i)4(p)-1(l)4(e)3( l)4(a)3(nd )6(use c)9(h)-1(an)5(ges )6(us)8(i)4(ng )6(GI)6(S)7(,)6( )]TJ /TT99 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0039 Tw -23.1737 -1.1437 Td [(In)-5(tern)-5(a)-5(tiona)-5(l Jo)-5(u)-5(r)4(na)-5(l )6(o)-5(f Geogra)-5(p)1(h)-5(ica)-5(l In)-5(fo)-5(rma)-5(tion)-5( )6(S)-5(c)-2(ience)]TJ /TT98 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc -0.003 Tw 23.7485 0 Td [(, )-6(v. 1)-4(6)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 32)-4(3-3)-4(4)2(3)-4(,)3( )-6(200)-4(2. )]TJ -0.0009 Tc 0.0144 Tw -23.7485 -1.5509 Td [(Pap)-4(i)2(n)-4(i)2(, L.; Rabin)-4(o)-4(,)-2( )6(G. A.; Co)-4(lo)-4(nn)-4(a, )6(A.; Di Stefano)-4(,)-2( )6(V.; Lo)]TJ -0.0008 Tc 23.479 0 Td [(m)11(b)-4(ardo)-4(, S. Learn)-4(i)2(ng)-4( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(to)-4(m)11(ata in)-4( a re)-6(al wo)-4(rl)8(d)-4(:)2( )]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.0988 Tw -23.479 -1.1437 Td [(th)-4(e case stud)-4(y)8( o)-4(f)-4( t)7(h)-4(e Ro)-4(m)10(e)-1( metro)-4(p)2(o)-4(litan)-4( area. In)-4(: Band)-4(i)7(n)-4(i,)]TJ -0.0007 Tc 0.098 Tw 24.1856 0 Td [( S.; Serra, )6(R; Liv)-4(eran)-4(i)2(, )6(F. S. ed. Cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)8(o)-4(m)11(ata)-6(:)-4( )]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.1152 Tw -24.1856 -1.1497 Td [(researc)7(h)-3( t)9(o)-3(wa)7(rds industry. )]TJ /TT99 1 Tf -0.004 Tc 0 Tw 11.0958 0 Td [(ACR)-4(I)-6(\2649)-7(6)]TJ /TT98 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.1168 Tw 3.5509 0 Td [(: )6(Pro)-4(c)-1(eed)-4(i)1(ng)-4(s )6(o)-4(f)2( th)-4(e )6(Th)-4(ird)-4( C)7(o)-4(nferen)-4(ce )6(o)-4(n)2( Cellu)-4(lar Au)-4(to)-4(m)10(a)-1(ta for Research )]TJ -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw -14.6467 -1.1497 Td [(an)-5(d Ind)-5(u)-5(s)-3(t)6(r)-5(y, Lo)-5(ndo)-5(n)-5(: )6(Spr)-5(ing)-5(er)-5(-V)-5(er)-5(lag)-5(,)-4( )6(p)-5(.)2( 165)-5(-18)-5(3)1(, )6(1)-5(998)-5(. )]TJ -0.0009 Tc 0.0263 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Po)-4(rt)8(ug)-4(ali, J.; Ben)-4(enson)-4(, )6(I.; Omer, I. City: th)]TJ 0.0012 Tc 0.0242 Tw 17.6766 0 Td [(e gree)8(ns a)8(nd t)10(h)4(e bl)4(ues. )6(I)5(n)-2(:)4( Po)4(r)5(t)4(ugal)4(i)4(, J. e)8(d)-2(. )]TJ /TT99 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc 0.0233 Tw 17.3892 0 Td [(Se)9(l)5(f)5(-org)5(a)5(n)-1(i)5(z)2(at)5(i)5(o)5(n)5( an)5(d t)5(h)-1(e )]TJ -0.002 Tc 0 Tw -35.0659 -1.1497 Td (city)Tj /TT98 1 Tf 0.0001 Tc 0.0014 Tw 1.4371 0 Td [(, Berlin: S)5(p)3(ringer)4(-Ve)7(r)-2(lag,)5( )6(chap.5, )6(1999. )]TJ -0.0004 Tc 0.0258 Tw -1.4371 -1.6467 Td [(Ru)-3(m)11(elh)-3(art, D. )6(E.; Hin)-3(t)8(o)-3(n)3(, G. )6(E.; )6(W)-9(illia)-6(m)11(s, )-6(R. J. L)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0275 Tw 20.2575 0 Td [(earn)-5(ing)-5( )6(represen)-5(tatio)-5(n)-5(s)4( b)-5(y)1( b)-5(a)-1(ck)-5(-p)-5(rop)-5(a)5(g)-5(a)-1(tio)-5(n)-5( errors, )]TJ /TT99 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 20.9641 0 Td [(Na)-4(tu)-4(re)]TJ /TT98 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc 0.0172 Tw 2.7784 0 Td [(, v.)7( )]TJ -0.002 Tc -0.0025 Tw -44 -1.1437 Td [(3)-5(2)1(3)-5(,)3( )-6(p. 5)-5(33-)-4(536)-5(, 19)-5(86)-5( )]TJ 0.0016 Tc 0.3472 Tw T* [(Whi)4(t)4(e)2(, R)4(. )6(W.)6(;)4( Engel)4(e)2(n)5(, G.)6( C)4(e)2(l)4(l)4(u)-1(l)4(a)2(r aut)4(o)-1(m)13(a)2(t)4(on as t)4(h)-1(e basi)4(s of i)4(n)-1(t)10(e)2(grat)4(e)8(d)-1( dy)5(na)8(m)7(i)4(c regi)4(onal)4( m)13(odel)4(l)4(i)4(ng,)6( )]TJ /TT99 1 Tf -0.0021 Tc 0.0036 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(En)-5(vironm)-4(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plann)-5(ing)-5( )6(B)]TJ /TT98 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw 12.4491 0 Td [(, v)-4(.)3(2)-4(4)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 23)-4(5-)-4(246)-4(, 19)-4(97)-4(. )]TJ -0.0011 Tc 0.0026 Tw -12.4491 -1.5449 Td [(Wo)-4(l)7(fram)10(,)-3( S. )6(Un)-4(iv)-4(ersality an)-4(d co)-4(m)10(p)-4(lex)-4(ity in)-4( )6(cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(mata, )]TJ /TT99 1 Tf -0.0004 Tc 0 Tw 25.1916 0 Td [(Physic)6(a)]TJ /TT98 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc -0.0018 Tw 3.1617 0 Td [(, )-6(v. )-6(10)-6(D, p)-6(.)-4( 1)-6(-)1(35)-6(, 1)-6(984)-6(. )]TJ -0.0013 Tc 0.0747 Tw -28.3533 -1.6467 Td [(Wu, )6(F. )6(A li)7(n)-4(g)2(u)-4(i)1(stic cellu)-4(lar )6(au)-4(to)-4(m)10(a)-1(ta si)-5(m)10(u)-4(latio)-4(n)-4( ap)-4(proach)]TJ 0.0018 Tc 0.0716 Tw 23.6946 0 Td [( )6(fo)5(r s)8(u)-1(st)4(ai)4(na)9(b)5(l)4(e ur)6(ba)9(n )6(de)9(vel)4(opm)13(ent)4( i)4(n)-1( a)9( fa)9(st)4( g)5(ro)5(w)-1(i)4(n)5(g)5( )]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0 Tw -23.6946 -1.1497 Td [(regi)11(on)5(, )]TJ /TT99 1 Tf 0.0012 Tc 0.0003 Tw 3.0539 0 Td [(C)4(o)4(m)5(p)-2(u)4(t)4(ers, E)7(n)-2(vi)4(ro)4(nm)5(ent)4( a)4(n)4(d)-2( )6(Ur)7(ba)4(n )6(Syst)4(ems)]TJ /TT98 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0068 Tw 18.0479 0 Td [(, v. 2)5(0)-1(,)7( )-6(p.)7( )-6(3)5(6)5(7)-1(-)6(3)5(87)5(, 19)5(96)5(. )]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0.2629 Tw -21.1018 -1.6467 Td [(Wu)5(, F.;)5( )6(We)9(bs)8(t)5(e)3(r, C)4(.)1( J.)7( Si)5(m)8(u)-1(l)5(a)3(t)5(i)5(on )6(of)6( l)5(a)3(n)5(d)-1( de)9(vel)11(opm)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.2671 Tw 22.8743 0 Td [(en)-5(t th)-5(roug)-5(h)-5( t)6(h)-5(e in)-5(teg)-5(r)-4(ation)-5( )6(of cellu)-5(lar au)-5(tomata an)-5(d)-5( )]TJ -0.0011 Tc 0.0026 Tw -22.8743 -1.1497 Td [(m)10(u)-4(l)-5(ticriteria ev)-4(alu)-4(atio)-4(n)-4(,)]TJ /TT99 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0063 Tw 9.5928 0 Td [( )-6(E)8(n)-1(vi)4(r)8(o)-1(n)5(m)-1(e)9(n)-1(t)4(a)-1(l)4( an)5(d Pl)4(an)5(ni)4(n)5(g)-1( )-6(B)]TJ /TT98 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0068 Tw 12.6946 0 Td [(, v.)7(25)5(, p. 1)5(0)-1(3)5(-)6(12)5(6,)7( )-6(1)5(9)-1(9)5(8)-1(. )]TJ -0.001 Tc 0.0264 Tw -22.2874 -1.5449 Td [(Yeh, A. )6(G.; Li, X. )6(Sim)10(u)-4(lat)-5(i)1(o)-4(n)2( o)-4(f)3( d)-4(e)6(v)-4(elop)-4(m)10(e)-6(n)-4(t altern)-4(ativ)]TJ -0.0009 Tc 22.5749 0 Td [(es )6(u)-4(s)-1(ing)-4( )6(n)-4(eural network)-4(s)5(, cellu)-4(l)8(ar au)-4(t)8(o)-4(m)11(ata, a)-6(n)-4(d GIS )6(for )]TJ 0.0024 Tc -0.0069 Tw -22.5749 -1.1497 Td [(ur)6(ba)9(n pl)5(an)5(ni)5(n)5(g)5(,)1( )]TJ /TT99 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0003 Tw 6.515 0 Td [(P)8(hot)10(ogr)8(a)5(m)-1(m)5(e)3(t)4(r)2(i)4(c)3( Engi)10(neeri)10(n)-1(g)5( a)5(n)5(d)-1( Re)9(m)5(o)-1(t)4(e)3( Se)9(nsi)4(n)5(g)]TJ /TT98 1 Tf -0.0022 Tc 0.0037 Tw 20.5689 0 Td [(, v. )6(6)-5(9)1(, p)-5(.)2( 104)-5(3-1)-5(052)-5(, )6(2)-5(003)-5(. )]TJ ET endstream endobj 455 0 obj 6710 endobj 456 0 obj << /Length 457 0 R >> stream /CS54 cs 0 0 0 sc 1 i /RelativeColorimetric ri /GS54 gs BT /TT100 1 Tf 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 733.5803 Tm ( )Tj 0 -1.1497 TD ( )Tj 0 g ET /GS55 gs BT /T1_27 9 Tf 1 0 0 1 287.492 28.8 Tm (3705)Tj /CS54 cs 0 0 0 sc ET /GS54 gs BT /TT100 1 Tf 0.0006 Tc 0.0294 Tw 12 0 0 12 106.38 731.7203 Tm [(The land us)5(e change simulations w)8(e)-1(re accom)8(p)1(lished by tw)8(o types of stochastic tran)6(sition )]TJ -0.0002 Tc 0.2502 Tw -1.775 -1.15 Td [(algorithm)8(s)-1( \226 \223expander\224 and \223patcher\224 \226 wh)]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.2479 Tw 19.315 0 Td (ich operate changes through expansion and )Tj 0.0002 Tc 0.0492 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 504.3803 Tm 0 -20.2096 TD [(Li, X.; )6(Ye)7(h, )6(A. G. Ne)7(ural-net)9(work-base)7(d)-3( cellular aut)9(o)-3(m)12(a)]TJ 0.0018 Tc 0.0476 Tw 23.1737 0 Td [(t)4(a)3( )-6(fo)5(r si)4(m)13(u)-1(l)4(a)3(t)4(i)4(ng m)13(u)-1(lt)4(i)4(p)-1(l)4(e)3( l)4(a)3(nd )6(use c)9(h)-1(an)5(ges )6(us)8(i)4(ng )6(GI)6(S)7(,)6( )]TJ /TT101 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0039 Tw -23.1737 -1.1437 Td [(In)-5(tern)-5(a)-5(tiona)-5(l Jo)-5(u)-5(r)4(na)-5(l )6(o)-5(f Geogra)-5(p)1(h)-5(ica)-5(l In)-5(fo)-5(rma)-5(tion)-5( )6(S)-5(c)-2(ience)]TJ /TT100 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc -0.003 Tw 23.7485 0 Td [(, )-6(v. 1)-4(6)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 32)-4(3-3)-4(4)2(3)-4(,)3( )-6(200)-4(2. )]TJ -0.0009 Tc 0.0144 Tw -23.7485 -1.5509 Td [(Pap)-4(i)2(n)-4(i)2(, L.; Rabin)-4(o)-4(,)-2( )6(G. A.; Co)-4(lo)-4(nn)-4(a, )6(A.; Di Stefano)-4(,)-2( )6(V.; Lo)]TJ -0.0008 Tc 23.479 0 Td [(m)11(b)-4(ardo)-4(, S. 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Cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)8(o)-4(m)11(ata)-6(:)-4( )]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.1152 Tw -24.1856 -1.1497 Td [(researc)7(h)-3( t)9(o)-3(wa)7(rds industry. )]TJ /TT105 1 Tf -0.004 Tc 0 Tw 11.0958 0 Td [(ACR)-4(I)-6(\2649)-7(6)]TJ /TT104 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.1168 Tw 3.5509 0 Td [(: )6(Pro)-4(c)-1(eed)-4(i)1(ng)-4(s )6(o)-4(f)2( th)-4(e )6(Th)-4(ird)-4( C)7(o)-4(nferen)-4(ce )6(o)-4(n)2( Cellu)-4(lar Au)-4(to)-4(m)10(a)-1(ta for Research )]TJ -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw -14.6467 -1.1497 Td [(an)-5(d Ind)-5(u)-5(s)-3(t)6(r)-5(y, Lo)-5(ndo)-5(n)-5(: )6(Spr)-5(ing)-5(er)-5(-V)-5(er)-5(lag)-5(,)-4( )6(p)-5(.)2( 165)-5(-18)-5(3)1(, )6(1)-5(998)-5(. )]TJ -0.0009 Tc 0.0263 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Po)-4(rt)8(ug)-4(ali, J.; Ben)-4(enson)-4(, )6(I.; Omer, I. City: th)]TJ 0.0012 Tc 0.0242 Tw 17.6766 0 Td [(e gree)8(ns a)8(nd t)10(h)4(e bl)4(ues. )6(I)5(n)-2(:)4( Po)4(r)5(t)4(ugal)4(i)4(, J. e)8(d)-2(. )]TJ /TT105 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc 0.0233 Tw 17.3892 0 Td [(Se)9(l)5(f)5(-org)5(a)5(n)-1(i)5(z)2(at)5(i)5(o)5(n)5( an)5(d t)5(h)-1(e )]TJ -0.002 Tc 0 Tw -35.0659 -1.1497 Td (city)Tj /TT104 1 Tf 0.0001 Tc 0.0014 Tw 1.4371 0 Td [(, Berlin: S)5(p)3(ringer)4(-Ve)7(r)-2(lag,)5( )6(chap.5, )6(1999. )]TJ -0.0004 Tc 0.0258 Tw -1.4371 -1.6467 Td [(Ru)-3(m)11(elh)-3(art, D. )6(E.; Hin)-3(t)8(o)-3(n)3(, G. )6(E.; )6(W)-9(illia)-6(m)11(s, )-6(R. J. L)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0275 Tw 20.2575 0 Td [(earn)-5(ing)-5( )6(represen)-5(tatio)-5(n)-5(s)4( b)-5(y)1( b)-5(a)-1(ck)-5(-p)-5(rop)-5(a)5(g)-5(a)-1(tio)-5(n)-5( errors, )]TJ /TT105 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 20.9641 0 Td [(Na)-4(tu)-4(re)]TJ /TT104 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc 0.0172 Tw 2.7784 0 Td [(, v.)7( )]TJ -0.002 Tc -0.0025 Tw -44 -1.1437 Td [(3)-5(2)1(3)-5(,)3( )-6(p. 5)-5(33-)-4(536)-5(, 19)-5(86)-5( )]TJ 0.0016 Tc 0.3472 Tw T* [(Whi)4(t)4(e)2(, R)4(. )6(W.)6(;)4( Engel)4(e)2(n)5(, G.)6( C)4(e)2(l)4(l)4(u)-1(l)4(a)2(r aut)4(o)-1(m)13(a)2(t)4(on as t)4(h)-1(e basi)4(s of i)4(n)-1(t)10(e)2(grat)4(e)8(d)-1( dy)5(na)8(m)7(i)4(c regi)4(onal)4( m)13(odel)4(l)4(i)4(ng,)6( )]TJ /TT105 1 Tf -0.0021 Tc 0.0036 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(En)-5(vironm)-4(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plann)-5(ing)-5( )6(B)]TJ /TT104 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw 12.4491 0 Td [(, v)-4(.)3(2)-4(4)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 23)-4(5-)-4(246)-4(, 19)-4(97)-4(. )]TJ -0.0011 Tc 0.0026 Tw -12.4491 -1.5449 Td [(Wo)-4(l)7(fram)10(,)-3( S. )6(Un)-4(iv)-4(ersality an)-4(d co)-4(m)10(p)-4(lex)-4(ity in)-4( )6(cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(mata, )]TJ /TT105 1 Tf -0.0004 Tc 0 Tw 25.1916 0 Td [(Physic)6(a)]TJ /TT104 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc -0.0018 Tw 3.1617 0 Td [(, )-6(v. )-6(10)-6(D, p)-6(.)-4( 1)-6(-)1(35)-6(, 1)-6(984)-6(. )]TJ -0.0013 Tc 0.0747 Tw -28.3533 -1.6467 Td [(Wu, )6(F. )6(A li)7(n)-4(g)2(u)-4(i)1(stic cellu)-4(lar )6(au)-4(to)-4(m)10(a)-1(ta si)-5(m)10(u)-4(latio)-4(n)-4( ap)-4(proach)]TJ 0.0018 Tc 0.0716 Tw 23.6946 0 Td [( )6(fo)5(r s)8(u)-1(st)4(ai)4(na)9(b)5(l)4(e ur)6(ba)9(n )6(de)9(vel)4(opm)13(ent)4( i)4(n)-1( a)9( fa)9(st)4( g)5(ro)5(w)-1(i)4(n)5(g)5( )]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0 Tw -23.6946 -1.1497 Td [(regi)11(on)5(, )]TJ /TT105 1 Tf 0.0012 Tc 0.0003 Tw 3.0539 0 Td [(C)4(o)4(m)5(p)-2(u)4(t)4(ers, E)7(n)-2(vi)4(ro)4(nm)5(ent)4( a)4(n)4(d)-2( )6(Ur)7(ba)4(n )6(Syst)4(ems)]TJ /TT104 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0068 Tw 18.0479 0 Td [(, v. 2)5(0)-1(,)7( )-6(p.)7( )-6(3)5(6)5(7)-1(-)6(3)5(87)5(, 19)5(96)5(. )]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0.2629 Tw -21.1018 -1.6467 Td [(Wu)5(, F.;)5( )6(We)9(bs)8(t)5(e)3(r, C)4(.)1( J.)7( Si)5(m)8(u)-1(l)5(a)3(t)5(i)5(on )6(of)6( l)5(a)3(n)5(d)-1( de)9(vel)11(opm)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.2671 Tw 22.8743 0 Td [(en)-5(t th)-5(roug)-5(h)-5( t)6(h)-5(e in)-5(teg)-5(r)-4(ation)-5( )6(of cellu)-5(lar au)-5(tomata an)-5(d)-5( )]TJ -0.0011 Tc 0.0026 Tw -22.8743 -1.1497 Td [(m)10(u)-4(l)-5(ticriteria ev)-4(alu)-4(atio)-4(n)-4(,)]TJ /TT105 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0063 Tw 9.5928 0 Td [( )-6(E)8(n)-1(vi)4(r)8(o)-1(n)5(m)-1(e)9(n)-1(t)4(a)-1(l)4( an)5(d Pl)4(an)5(ni)4(n)5(g)-1( )-6(B)]TJ /TT104 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0068 Tw 12.6946 0 Td [(, v.)7(25)5(, p. 1)5(0)-1(3)5(-)6(12)5(6,)7( )-6(1)5(9)-1(9)5(8)-1(. )]TJ -0.001 Tc 0.0264 Tw -22.2874 -1.5449 Td [(Yeh, A. )6(G.; Li, X. )6(Sim)10(u)-4(lat)-5(i)1(o)-4(n)2( o)-4(f)3( d)-4(e)6(v)-4(elop)-4(m)10(e)-6(n)-4(t altern)-4(ativ)]TJ -0.0009 Tc 22.5749 0 Td [(es )6(u)-4(s)-1(ing)-4( )6(n)-4(eural network)-4(s)5(, cellu)-4(l)8(ar au)-4(t)8(o)-4(m)11(ata, a)-6(n)-4(d GIS )6(for )]TJ 0.0024 Tc -0.0069 Tw -22.5749 -1.1497 Td [(ur)6(ba)9(n pl)5(an)5(ni)5(n)5(g)5(,)1( )]TJ /TT105 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0003 Tw 6.515 0 Td [(P)8(hot)10(ogr)8(a)5(m)-1(m)5(e)3(t)4(r)2(i)4(c)3( Engi)10(neeri)10(n)-1(g)5( a)5(n)5(d)-1( Re)9(m)5(o)-1(t)4(e)3( Se)9(nsi)4(n)5(g)]TJ /TT104 1 Tf -0.0022 Tc 0.0037 Tw 20.5689 0 Td [(, v. )6(6)-5(9)1(, p)-5(.)2( 104)-5(3-1)-5(052)-5(, )6(2)-5(003)-5(. )]TJ ET endstream endobj 462 0 obj 6143 endobj 463 0 obj << /Length 464 0 R >> stream /CS60 cs 0 0 0 sc 1 i /RelativeColorimetric ri /GS60 gs BT /TT106 1 Tf 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 733.5803 Tm ( )Tj 0 -1.1497 TD ( )Tj 0 g ET /GS61 gs BT /T1_30 9 Tf 1 0 0 1 287.492 28.8 Tm (3705)Tj /CS60 cs 0 0 0 sc ET /GS60 gs BT /TT106 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc 0.0492 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 83.4671 534.9466 Tm [(Li, X.; )6(Ye)7(h, )6(A. G. Ne)7(ural-net)9(work-base)7(d)-3( cellular aut)9(o)-3(m)12(a)]TJ 0.0018 Tc 0.0476 Tw 23.1737 0 Td [(t)4(a)3( )-6(fo)5(r si)4(m)13(u)-1(l)4(a)3(t)4(i)4(ng m)13(u)-1(lt)4(i)4(p)-1(l)4(e)3( l)4(a)3(nd )6(use c)9(h)-1(an)5(ges )6(us)8(i)4(ng )6(GI)6(S)7(,)6( )]TJ /TT107 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0039 Tw -23.1737 -1.1437 Td [(In)-5(tern)-5(a)-5(tiona)-5(l Jo)-5(u)-5(r)4(na)-5(l )6(o)-5(f Geogra)-5(p)1(h)-5(ica)-5(l In)-5(fo)-5(rma)-5(tion)-5( )6(S)-5(c)-2(ience)]TJ /TT106 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc -0.003 Tw 23.7485 0 Td [(, )-6(v. 1)-4(6)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 32)-4(3-3)-4(4)2(3)-4(,)3( )-6(200)-4(2. )]TJ -0.0009 Tc 0.0144 Tw -23.7485 -1.5509 Td [(Pap)-4(i)2(n)-4(i)2(, L.; Rabin)-4(o)-4(,)-2( )6(G. A.; Co)-4(lo)-4(nn)-4(a, )6(A.; Di Stefano)-4(,)-2( )6(V.; Lo)]TJ -0.0008 Tc 23.479 0 Td [(m)11(b)-4(ardo)-4(, S. Learn)-4(i)2(ng)-4( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(to)-4(m)11(ata in)-4( a re)-6(al wo)-4(rl)8(d)-4(:)2( )]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.0988 Tw -23.479 -1.1437 Td [(th)-4(e case stud)-4(y)8( o)-4(f)-4( t)7(h)-4(e Ro)-4(m)10(e)-1( metro)-4(p)2(o)-4(litan)-4( area. In)-4(: Band)-4(i)7(n)-4(i,)]TJ -0.0007 Tc 0.098 Tw 24.1856 0 Td [( S.; Serra, )6(R; Liv)-4(eran)-4(i)2(, )6(F. S. ed. Cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)8(o)-4(m)11(ata)-6(:)-4( )]TJ 0.0001 Tc 0.1152 Tw -24.1856 -1.1497 Td [(researc)7(h)-3( t)9(o)-3(wa)7(rds industry. )]TJ /TT107 1 Tf -0.004 Tc 0 Tw 11.0958 0 Td [(ACR)-4(I)-6(\2649)-7(6)]TJ /TT106 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0.1168 Tw 3.5509 0 Td [(: )6(Pro)-4(c)-1(eed)-4(i)1(ng)-4(s )6(o)-4(f)2( th)-4(e )6(Th)-4(ird)-4( C)7(o)-4(nferen)-4(ce )6(o)-4(n)2( Cellu)-4(lar Au)-4(to)-4(m)10(a)-1(ta for Research )]TJ -0.0025 Tc 0.004 Tw -14.6467 -1.1497 Td [(an)-5(d Ind)-5(u)-5(s)-3(t)6(r)-5(y, Lo)-5(ndo)-5(n)-5(: )6(Spr)-5(ing)-5(er)-5(-V)-5(er)-5(lag)-5(,)-4( )6(p)-5(.)2( 165)-5(-18)-5(3)1(, )6(1)-5(998)-5(. )]TJ -0.0009 Tc 0.0263 Tw 0 -1.5449 TD [(Po)-4(rt)8(ug)-4(ali, J.; Ben)-4(enson)-4(, )6(I.; Omer, I. City: th)]TJ 0.0012 Tc 0.0242 Tw 17.6766 0 Td [(e gree)8(ns a)8(nd t)10(h)4(e bl)4(ues. )6(I)5(n)-2(:)4( Po)4(r)5(t)4(ugal)4(i)4(, J. e)8(d)-2(. )]TJ /TT107 1 Tf 0.0021 Tc 0.0233 Tw 17.3892 0 Td [(Se)9(l)5(f)5(-org)5(a)5(n)-1(i)5(z)2(at)5(i)5(o)5(n)5( an)5(d t)5(h)-1(e )]TJ -0.002 Tc 0 Tw -35.0659 -1.1497 Td (city)Tj /TT106 1 Tf 0.0001 Tc 0.0014 Tw 1.4371 0 Td [(, Berlin: S)5(p)3(ringer)4(-Ve)7(r)-2(lag,)5( )6(chap.5, )6(1999. )]TJ -0.0004 Tc 0.0258 Tw -1.4371 -1.6467 Td [(Ru)-3(m)11(elh)-3(art, D. )6(E.; Hin)-3(t)8(o)-3(n)3(, G. )6(E.; )6(W)-9(illia)-6(m)11(s, )-6(R. J. L)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.0275 Tw 20.2575 0 Td [(earn)-5(ing)-5( )6(represen)-5(tatio)-5(n)-5(s)4( b)-5(y)1( b)-5(a)-1(ck)-5(-p)-5(rop)-5(a)5(g)-5(a)-1(tio)-5(n)-5( errors, )]TJ /TT107 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc 0 Tw 20.9641 0 Td [(Na)-4(tu)-4(re)]TJ /TT106 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc 0.0172 Tw [(, v.)7( )]TJ -0.002 Tc -0.0025 Tw -41.2216 -1.1437 Td [(3)-5(2)1(3)-5(,)3( )-6(p. 5)-5(33-)-4(536)-5(, 19)-5(86)-5( )]TJ 0.0016 Tc 0.3472 Tw T* [(Whi)4(t)4(e)2(, R)4(. )6(W.)6(;)4( Engel)4(e)2(n)5(, G.)6( C)4(e)2(l)4(l)4(u)-1(l)4(a)2(r aut)4(o)-1(m)13(a)2(t)4(on as t)4(h)-1(e basi)4(s of i)4(n)-1(t)10(e)2(grat)4(e)8(d)-1( dy)5(na)8(m)7(i)4(c regi)4(onal)4( m)13(odel)4(l)4(i)4(ng,)6( )]TJ /TT107 1 Tf -0.0021 Tc 0.0036 Tw 0 -1.1497 TD [(En)-5(vironm)-4(en)-5(t)6(a)-5(l an)-5(d Plann)-5(ing)-5( )6(B)]TJ /TT106 1 Tf -0.0013 Tc -0.0032 Tw 12.4491 0 Td [(, v)-4(.)3(2)-4(4)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 23)-4(5-)-4(246)-4(, 19)-4(97)-4(. )]TJ -0.0011 Tc 0.0026 Tw -12.4491 -1.5449 Td [(Wo)-4(l)7(fram)10(,)-3( S. )6(Un)-4(iv)-4(ersality an)-4(d co)-4(m)10(p)-4(lex)-4(ity in)-4( )6(cellu)-4(lar au)-4(t)7(o)-4(mata, )]TJ /TT107 1 Tf -0.0004 Tc 0 Tw 25.1916 0 Td [(Physic)6(a)]TJ /TT106 1 Tf -0.0027 Tc -0.0018 Tw 3.1617 0 Td [(, )-6(v. )-6(10)-6(D, p)-6(.)-4( 1)-6(-)1(35)-6(, 1)-6(984)-6(. )]TJ -0.0013 Tc 0.0747 Tw -28.3533 -1.6467 Td [(Wu, )6(F. )6(A li)7(n)-4(g)2(u)-4(i)1(stic cellu)-4(lar )6(au)-4(to)-4(m)10(a)-1(ta si)-5(m)10(u)-4(latio)-4(n)-4( ap)-4(proach)]TJ 0.0018 Tc 0.0716 Tw 23.6946 0 Td [( )6(fo)5(r s)8(u)-1(st)4(ai)4(na)9(b)5(l)4(e ur)6(ba)9(n )6(de)9(vel)4(opm)13(ent)4( i)4(n)-1( a)9( fa)9(st)4( g)5(ro)5(w)-1(i)4(n)5(g)5( )]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0 Tw -23.6946 -1.1497 Td [(regi)11(on)5(, )]TJ /TT107 1 Tf 0.0012 Tc 0.0003 Tw 3.0539 0 Td [(C)4(o)4(m)5(p)-2(u)4(t)4(ers, E)7(n)-2(vi)4(ro)4(nm)5(ent)4( a)4(n)4(d)-2( )6(Ur)7(ba)4(n )6(Syst)4(ems)]TJ /TT106 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0068 Tw 18.0479 0 Td [(, v. 2)5(0)-1(,)7( )-6(p.)7( )-6(3)5(6)5(7)-1(-)6(3)5(87)5(, 19)5(96)5(. )]TJ 0.0021 Tc 0.2629 Tw -21.1018 -1.6467 Td [(Wu)5(, F.;)5( )6(We)9(bs)8(t)5(e)3(r, C)4(.)1( J.)7( Si)5(m)8(u)-1(l)5(a)3(t)5(i)5(on )6(of)6( l)5(a)3(n)5(d)-1( de)9(vel)11(opm)]TJ -0.0021 Tc 0.2671 Tw 22.8743 0 Td [(en)-5(t th)-5(roug)-5(h)-5( t)6(h)-5(e in)-5(teg)-5(r)-4(ation)-5( )6(of cellu)-5(lar au)-5(tomata an)-5(d)-5( )]TJ -0.0011 Tc 0.0026 Tw -22.8743 -1.1497 Td [(m)10(u)-4(l)-5(ticriteria ev)-4(alu)-4(atio)-4(n)-4(,)]TJ /TT107 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0063 Tw 9.5928 0 Td [( )-6(E)8(n)-1(vi)4(r)8(o)-1(n)5(m)-1(e)9(n)-1(t)4(a)-1(l)4( an)5(d Pl)4(an)5(ni)4(n)5(g)-1( )-6(B)]TJ /TT106 1 Tf 0.0023 Tc -0.0068 Tw 12.6946 0 Td [(, v.)7(25)5(, p. 1)5(0)-1(3)5(-)6(12)5(6,)7( )-6(1)5(9)-1(9)5(8)-1(. )]TJ -0.001 Tc 0.0264 Tw -22.2874 -1.5449 Td [(Yeh, A. )6(G.; Li, X. )6(Sim)10(u)-4(lat)-5(i)1(o)-4(n)2( o)-4(f)3( d)-4(e)6(v)-4(elop)-4(m)10(e)-6(n)-4(t altern)-4(ativ)]TJ -0.0009 Tc 22.5749 0 Td [(es )6(u)-4(s)-1(ing)-4( )6(n)-4(eural network)-4(s)5(, cellu)-4(l)8(ar au)-4(t)8(o)-4(m)11(ata, a)-6(n)-4(d GIS )6(for )]TJ 0.0024 Tc -0.0069 Tw -22.5749 -1.1497 Td [(ur)6(ba)9(n pl)5(an)5(ni)5(n)5(g)5(,)1( )]TJ /TT107 1 Tf 0.0018 Tc -0.0003 Tw 6.515 0 Td [(P)8(hot)10(ogr)8(a)5(m)-1(m)5(e)3(t)4(r)2(i)4(c)3( Engi)10(neeri)10(n)-1(g)5( a)5(n)5(d)-1( Re)9(m)5(o)-1(t)4(e)3( Se)9(nsi)4(n)5(g)]TJ /TT106 1 Tf -0.0022 Tc 0.0037 Tw 20.5689 0 Td [(, v. )6(6)-5(9)1(, p)-5(.)2( 104)-5(3-1)-5(052)-5(, )6(2)-5(003)-5(. )]TJ ET endstream endobj 464 0 obj 6124 endobj 465 0 obj << /Length 466 0 R >> stream /CS62 cs 0 0 0 sc 1 i /RelativeColorimetric ri /GS62 gs BT /TT108 1 Tf 10.02 0 0 10.02 85.08 733.5803 Tm ( )Tj 0 -1.1497 TD ( )Tj 0 g ET /GS63 gs BT /T1_31 9 Tf 1 0 0 1 287.492 28.8 Tm (3705)Tj /CS62 cs 0 0 0 sc ET /GS62 gs BT /TT108 1 Tf 0.0002 Tc 0.0492 Tw 10.02 0 0 10.02 84.2735 749.4643 Tm [(Li, X.; )6(Ye)7(h, )6(A. G. Ne)7(ural-net)9(work-base)7(d)-3( cellular aut)9(o)-3(m)12(a)]TJ 0.0018 Tc 0.0476 Tw 23.1737 0 Td [(t)4(a)3( )-6(fo)5(r si)4(m)13(u)-1(l)4(a)3(t)4(i)4(ng m)13(u)-1(lt)4(i)4(p)-1(l)4(e)3( l)4(a)3(nd )6(use c)9(h)-1(an)5(ges )6(us)8(i)4(ng )6(GI)6(S)7(,)6( )]TJ /TT109 1 Tf -0.0024 Tc 0.0039 Tw -23.1737 -1.1437 Td [(In)-5(tern)-5(a)-5(tiona)-5(l Jo)-5(u)-5(r)4(na)-5(l )6(o)-5(f Geogra)-5(p)1(h)-5(ica)-5(l In)-5(fo)-5(rma)-5(tion)-5( )6(S)-5(c)-2(ience)]TJ /TT108 1 Tf -0.0015 Tc -0.003 Tw 23.7485 0 Td [(, )-6(v. 1)-4(6)2(, p)-4(.)-3( 32)-4(3-3)-4(4)2(3)-4(,)3( )-6(200)-4(2. )]TJ -0.0009 Tc 0.0144 Tw -23.7485 -1.5509 Td [(Pap)-4(i)2(n)-4(i)2(, L.; Rabin)-4(o)-4(,)-2( )6(G. A.; Co)-4(lo)-4(nn)-4(a, )6(A.; Di Stefano)-4(,)-2( )6(V.; Lo)]TJ -0.0008 Tc 23.479 0 Td [(m)11(b)-4(ardo)-4(, S. Learn)-4(i)2(ng)-4( cellu)-4(lar au)-4(to)-4(m)11(ata in)-4( a re)-6(al wo)-4(rl)8(d)-4(:)2( )]TJ -0.0015 Tc 0.0988 Tw -23.479 -1.1437 Td [(th)-4(e case stud)-4(y)8( o)-4(f)-4( t)7(h)-4(e Ro)-4(m)10(e)-1( metro)-4(p)2(o)-4(litan)-4( area. In)-4(: Band)-4(i)7(n)-4(i,)]TJ -0.0007 Tc 0.098 Tw 24.1856 0 Td [( S.; Serra, )6(R; Liv)-4(eran)-4(i)2(, )6(F. S. ed. 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